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Decreased frost hardiness of Vaccinium vitis-idaea in reponse to UV-A radiation.The aim was to investigate plant frost hardiness responses to UV radiation, since the few results reported are largely contradictory. It was hypothesized that functional adaptation of life forms could explain these contradictions. Dwarf shrubs and tree seedlings, representing both evergreen and deciduous forms, were tested (Vaccinium vitis-idaea, V. myrtillus, Pinus sylvestris, Betula pubescens, and its red form f. rubra). The research was performed in Sodankylä, Northern Finland (67ºN), with en ...201122182287
appraisal on the wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities of the essential oils obtained from the cones and needles of pinus species by in vivo and in vitro experimental models.according to ethnobotanical data, pinus species have been used against rheumatic pain and for wound healing in turkish folk medicine. essential oils from the cones and needles of five different pinus species (pinus brutia ten., pinus halepensis mill., pinus nigra arn., pinus pinea l. and pinus sylvestris l.) were evaluated for their in vivo wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities.201122155393
[dynamic changes of surface soil organic carbon and light-fraction organic carbon after mobile dune afforestation with mongolian pine in horqin sandy land].this paper studied the dynamic changes of surface (0-15 cm) soil organic carbon (soc) and light-fraction organic carbon (lfoc) in 25- and 35-year-old sand-fixing mongolian pine (pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) plantations in horqin sandy land, with a mobile dune as a comparison site. after the afforestation on mobile dune, the content of coarse sand in soil decreased, while that of fine sand and clay-silt increased significantly. the soc and lfoc contents also increased significantly, but tende ...201122097369
sea sand disruption method (ssdm) as a valuable tool for isolating essential oil components from conifers.essential oils are one of nature's most precious gifts with surprisingly potent and outstanding properties. coniferous oils, for instance, are nowadays being used extensively to treat or prevent many types of infections, modify immune responses, soothe inflammations, stabilize moods, and to help ease all forms of non-acute pain. given the broad spectrum of usage of coniferous essential oils, a fast, safe, simple, and efficient sample-preparation method is needed in the estimation procedure of es ...201122083917
Phenotypic plasticity facilitates resistance to climate change in a highly variable environment.Increased summer drought will exacerbate the regeneration of many tree species at their lower latitudinal and altitudinal distribution limits. In vulnerable habitats, introduction of more drought-tolerant provenances or species is currently considered to accelerate tree species migration and facilitate forest persistence. Trade-offs between drought adaptation and growth plasticity might, however, limit the effectiveness of assisted migration, especially if introductions focus on provenances or s ...201122081261
Cavitation induced by a surfactant leads to a transient release of water stress and subsequent 'run away' embolism in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seedlings.Cavitation decreases the hydraulic conductance of the xylem and has, therefore, detrimental effects on plant water balance. However, cavitation is also hypothesized to relieve water stress temporarily by releasing water from embolizing conduits to the transpiration stream. Stomatal closure in response to decreasing water potentials in order to avoid excessive cavitation has been well documented in numerous previous studies. However, it has remained unclear whether the stomata sense cavitation ev ...201122039297
climatic influences on intra-annual stem radial increment of pinus sylvestris (l.) exposed to drought.within a dry inner alpine valley in the eastern central alps (750 m a.s.l., tyrol, austria) the influence of climate variables (precipitation, air humidity, temperature) and soil water content on intra-annual dynamics of tree-ring development was determined in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) at two sites differing in soil water availability (xeric and dry-mesic site). radial stem development was continuously followed during 2007 and 2008 by band dendrometers and repeated micro-sampling of the d ...201022003269
Temporal dynamics of non-structural carbohydrates and xylem growth in Pinus sylvestris exposed to drought.Wood formation requires a continuous supply of carbohydrates for structural growth and metabolism. In the montane belt of the central Austrian Alps we monitored the temporal dynamics of xylem growth and non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) in stem sapwood of Pinus sylvestris L. during the growing season 2009, which was characterized by exceptional soil dryness within the study area. Soil water content dropped below 10 % at the time of maximum xylem growth end of May. Histological analyses have bee ...201122003262
no evidence for depletion of carbohydrate pools in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) under drought stress.the physiological mechanisms leading to scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) decline in the dry inner alpine valleys are still unknown. testing the carbon starvation hypothesis, we analysed the seasonal course of mobile carbohydrate pools (nsc) of scots pine growing at a xeric and a dry-mesic site within an inner alpine dry valley (750 m a.s.l., tyrol, austria) during 2009, which was characterised by exceptional soil dryness. although, soil moisture content dropped to ca. 10% at both sites during th ...201221974742
Manipulation of VOC emissions with methyl jasmonate and carrageenan in the evergreen conifer Pinus sylvestris and evergreen broadleaf Quercus ilex.Plant defence can be induced by exposing plants to the plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA) or its volatile ester, methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Carrageenans (Carr) - sulphated d-galactans extracted from red algae - can also induce plant defences. In this study, the effects of exogenous MeJA and Carr application (concentration 300 and 12.7 µmol, respectively) on volatile emissions from two widespread evergreen woody species, Pinus sylvestris (nine Turkish and one Finnish provenance) and Quercus ilex (Ita ...201121973325
zn pollution counteracts cd toxicity in metal-tolerant ectomycorrhizal fungi and their host plant, pinus sylvestris.adaptive zn and cd tolerance have evolved in populations of the ectomycorrhizal fungus suillus luteus. when exposed to high concentrations of both metals in vitro, a one-sided antagonism was apparent in the zn- and cd-tolerant isolates. addition of high zn concentrations restored growth of cd-stressed isolates, but not vice versa. the antagonistic effect was not detected in a s. luteus isolate from non-contaminated land and in paxillus involutus. the fungi were inoculated on pine seedlings and s ...201021966908
[allozyme variation of seed embryos and mating system in relict populations of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) from the kremenets hill ridge and maloe poles'e].allozyme variation at ten polymorphic loci and mating system was studied in three small isolated relict populations (4.4 to 22 ha) and in three artificial stands of pinus sylvestris from the kremenets hill ridge and maloe poles'e. it was established that the mean heterozygosity of 130 to 140 year-old trees from natural populations (h(o) = 0.288; h(e) = 0.277) was substantially lower, compared to 30 to 40 year-old trees from artificial stands (h(o) = 0.358; h(e) = 0.330). the observed heterozygos ...201121938957
Effects of male fecundity, interindividual distance and anisotropic pollen dispersal on mating success in a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seed orchard.Quantifying the effect of pollen dispersal and flowering traits on mating success is essential for understanding evolutionary responses to changing environments and establishing strategies for forest tree breeding. This study examined, quantitatively, the effects of male fecundity, interindividual distance and anisotropic pollen dispersal on the mating success of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), utilizing a well-mapped Scots pine seed orchard. Paternity analysis of 1021 seeds sampled from 87 trees ...201121897440
Chronic irradiation of Scots pine trees (Pinus sylvestris) in the Chernobyl exclusion zone: dosimetry and radiobiological effects.To identify effects of chronic internal and external radiation exposure for components of terrestrial ecosystems, a comprehensive study of Scots pine trees in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone was performed. The experimental plan included over 1,100 young trees (up to 20 y old) selected from areas with varying levels of radioactive contamination. These pine trees were planted after the 1986 Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident mainly to prevent radionuclide resuspension and soil erosion. For each t ...201121878765
monitoring of heavy metals uptake and allocation in pinus sylvestris organs in alkalised soil.the concentration of heavy metals in soil and in scots pine (pinus sylvestris) organs growing on a ph gradient from 4.0 to 7.9 of soil at different distances from a cement plant was monitored. emission for over 40 years of alkaline dust (ph 12.3-12.6) into the atmosphere in north estonia had resulted in alkalisation and elevated concentration of total heavy metals in upper layers of the soil (0-30 cm), which was considerable even 10 years after the dust pollution stopped. monitoring showed that ...201121805076
putative origin of clonal lineages of amylostereum areolatum, the fungal symbiont associated with sirex noctilio, retrieved from pinus sylvestris, in eastern canada.the eurasian sirex noctilio-amylostereum areolatum complex was discovered and has become established close to the north american great lakes in the 2000s. this invasive forest insect pest represents a very high risk to native and exotic pines in north america. we investigated the geographical origin of clonal lineages of the fungal symbiont a. areolatum in the recently pest-colonized eastern canadian region by analyzing mitochondrial and nuclear sequence variations and comparing the genetic dive ...201121802055
modelling inorganic biocide emission from treated wood in water.the objective of this work is to develop a chemical model for explaining the leaching behaviour of inorganic biocides from treated wood. the standard leaching test xp cen/ts14429 was applied to a commercial construction material made of treated pinus sylvestris (copper boron azole preservative). the experimental results were used for developing a chemical model under phreeqc(®) (a geochemical software, with llnl, minteq data bases) by considering the released species detected in the eluates: mai ...201121794983
simultaneous estimation of multiple quantitative trait loci and growth curve parameters through hierarchical bayesian modeling.a novel hierarchical quantitative trait locus (qtl) mapping method using a polynomial growth function and a multiple-qtl model (with no dependence in time) in a multitrait framework is presented. the method considers a population-based sample where individuals have been phenotyped (over time) with respect to some dynamic trait and genotyped at a given set of loci. a specific feature of the proposed approach is that, instead of an average functional curve, each individual has its own functional c ...201121792229
mutation rates in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) from the chernobyl exclusion zone evaluated with amplified fragment-length polymorphisms (aflps) and microsatellite markers.ionizing radiation is a strong mutagenic factor and, accordingly, elevated mutation rates would be expected in plants exposed to high chronic or acute radiation after the chernobyl accident in 1986. somatic mutations were analyzed in pines (pinus sylvestris l.) planted before and after the chernobyl accident and in control material of the same origin planted in sites with natural radiation. microsatellites (ssrs) and amplified fragment-length polymorphisms (aflps) were investigated. the mutation ...201121782970
structural and climatic determinants of demographic rates of scots pine forests across the iberian peninsula.the demographic rates of tree species typically show large spatial variation across their range. understanding the environmental factors underlying this variation is a key topic in forest ecology, with far-reaching management implications. scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) covers large areas of the northern hemisphere, the iberian peninsula being its southwestern distribution limit. in recent decades, an increase in severe droughts and a densification of forests as a result of changes in forest u ...201121774421
the use of plants as regular food in ancient subarctic economies: a case study based on sami use of scots pine innerbark.this study combines ethnological, historical, and dendroecological data from areas north of the arctic circle to analyze cultural aspects of sami use of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) inner bark as regular food. bark was peeled in june when trees were at the peak of sapping, leaving a strip of undamaged cambium so the tree survived. as a result, it is possible to date bark-peeling episodes using dendrochronology. the paper argues that the use of scots pine inner bark reflects sami religious be ...200421774149
expression analysis of clavata1-like and nodulin21-like genes from pinus sylvestris during ectomycorrhiza formation.the ecology and physiology of ectomycorrhizal (ecm) symbiosis with conifer trees are well documented. in comparison, however, very little is known about the molecular regulation of these associations. in an earlier study, we identified three ecm-regulated pinus expressed sequence tags (est), two of which were identified as homologous to the medicago truncatula nodulin mtn21. the third est was a homologue to the receptor-like kinase clavata1. we have characterized the expression patterns of these ...201121751039
size-exclusion chromatographic study of ecf and tcf softwood kraft pulp bleaching liquors.background, aims, and scope: currently, elemental chlorine-free (ecf) and totally chlorine-free (tcf) bleaching systems are widely used for pulp production. low and medium molecular weight lignin break-down products are known to have harmful effects on the environment. according to some recent results, also high molecular weight (hmw) material consisting mainly of lignin and carbohydrates may cause toxic effects to the environment. for these reasons, toxicity and structure studies of hmw materia ...201121717168
adaptive potential of northernmost tree populations to climate change, with emphasis on scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.).the adaptive potential of the northernmost pinus sylvestris l. (and other northern tree) populations is considered by examining first the current patterns of quantitative genetic adaptive traits, which show high population differentiation and clines. we then consider the postglacial history of the populations using both paleobiological and genetic data. the current patterns of diversity at nuclear genes suggest that the traces of admixture are mostly visible in mitochondrial dna variation patter ...201121715569
development of customized fire behavior fuel models for boreal forests of northeastern china.knowledge of forest fuels and their potential fire behavior across a landscape is essential in fire management. four customized fire behavior fuel models that differed significantly in fuels characteristics and environmental conditions were identified using hierarchical cluster analysis based on fuels data collected across a boreal forest landscape in northeastern china. fuel model i represented the dense and heavily branched pinus pumila shrubland which has significant fine live woody fuels. th ...201121691875
nuclear and cytoplasmic variation within and between eurasian larix (pinaceae) species.the genetic variation in nuclear and cytoplasmic markers was investigated in 28 populations belonging to eurasian larix species (l. decidua, l. sibirica, l. gmelinii, l. olgensis, and l. kaempferi). nuclear genetic variation was assessed at 214 aflp loci, and both pcr-rflp and four microsatellite loci were used to estimate variation of the chloroplast dna. variation of the mitochondrial genome was measured using rflps. although population differentiation at both nuclear and chloroplast markers w ...200321659211
[soil heavy metals concentration in different type plantations in harbin city].in order to understand the soil heavy metals characteristics in different type plantations in harbin city, 0-10 cm and 10-30 cm soil samples were collected from eight mono-cultured plantations (larix gmelinii, pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, pinus tabulaeformis var. mukdensis, phellodendron amurense, juglans mandshurica, fraxinus mandshurica, betula platyphylla, and quercus mongolica) and one mixed plantation (p. sylvestris var. mongolica + f. mandshurica + pinus koraiensis + p. amurense + b. p ...201121657015
distribution of lignin and its coniferyl alcohol and coniferyl aldehyde groups in picea abies and pinus sylvestris as observed by raman imaging.wood cell wall consists of several structural components, such as cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin, whose concentrations vary throughout the cell wall. it is a composite where semicrystalline cellulose fibrils, acting as reinforcement, are bound together by amorphous hemicelluloses and lignin matrix. understanding the distribution of these components and their functions within the cell wall can provide useful information on the biosynthesis of trees. raman imaging enables us to study chemist ...201121632083
edible sporocarp production by age class in a scots pine stand in northern spain.with the aim of increasing knowledge of community structure, dynamics and production of ectomycorrhizal fungi, edible sporocarp yields were monitored between 1995 and 2004 in a pinus sylvestris stand in the northeast zone of the iberian peninsula. a random sampling design was performed by stand age class according to the forest management plan: 0-15, 16-30, 31-50, 51-70 and over 71-years-old. eighteen 150 m plots were established and sampled weekly every year from september to december. one hund ...201121626143
ogataea saltuana sp. nov., a novel methanol-assimilating yeast species.four ascosporulating strains of an undescribed methanol-assimilating yeast species were isolated from forest habitats in hungary. three were recovered from rotten wood and one from leaves of a sessile oak (quercus petraea). an additional isolate of the undescribed species sharing similar phenotypic characters with the above-noted strains was recovered from the gut of an unidentified beetle collected from under the bark of a coniferous tree in bulgaria. a closely related, but somewhat divergent s ...201121618050
a high resolution portray of the annual dynamics of photochemical and non-photochemical quenching in needles of pinus sylvestris.partitioning of excitation energy between photochemical (pq) and non-photochemical (npq) processes is constantly adjusted in the leaf in order to preserve the photosynthetic energy balance. adjustments in pq and npq often result from a combination of different temporal components that can be simplified into reversible and sustained components. while reversible pq and npq are relatively well understood, the controls behind the sustained components of pq and npq, or the interaction between sustain ...201121615415
effects of environmental conditions on onset of xylem growth in pinus sylvestris under drought.we determined the influence of environmental factors (air and soil temperature, precipitation, photoperiod) on onset of xylem growth in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) within a dry inner alpine valley (750 m a.s.l., tyrol, austria) by repeatedly sampling micro-cores throughout 2007-10 at two sites (xeric and dry-mesic) at the start of the growing season. temperature sums were calculated in degree-days (dd) ≥5 °c from 1 january and 20 march, i.e., spring equinox, to account for photoperiodic con ...201121593011
expression and β-glucan binding properties of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) antimicrobial protein (sp-amp).scots pine (pinus sylvestris) secretes a number of small, highly-related, disulfide-rich proteins (sp-amps) in response to challenges with fungal pathogens such as heterobasidion annosum, although their biological role has been unknown. here, we examined the expression patterns of these genes, as well as the structure and function of the encoded proteins. northern blots and quantitative real time pcr showed increased levels of expression that are sustained during the interactions of host trees w ...201121584858
ectomycorrhizal fungal communities of native and non-native pinus and quercus species in a common garden of 35-year-old trees.non-native tree species have been widely planted or have become naturalized in most forested landscapes. it is not clear if native trees species collectively differ in ectomycorrhizal fungal (emf) diversity and communities from that of non-native tree species. alternatively, emf species community similarity may be more determined by host plant phylogeny than by whether the plant is native or non-native. we examined these unknowns by comparing two genera, native and non-native quercus robur and q ...201121573837
can insect egg deposition 'warn' a plant of future feeding damage by herbivorous larvae?plant anti-herbivore defence is inducible by both insect feeding and egg deposition. however, little is known about the ability of insect eggs to induce defences directed not against the eggs themselves, but against larvae that subsequently hatch from the eggs. we studied how oviposition (op) by the sawfly diprion pini on pinus sylvestris foliage affects the plant's defensive potential against sawfly larvae. larvae that initiated their development on p. sylvestris twigs on which they hatched fro ...201121561977
response of living tissues of pinus sylvestris to the saprotrophic biocontrol fungus phlebiopsis gigantea.the saprotrophic fungus phlebiopsis gigantea has been used for several years as a biocontrol agent against the conifer pathogen heterobasidion annosum. although the effectiveness of p. gigantea in biocontrol has been shown empirically, the long-term effect on living conifer trees as well as the mechanism underlying its antagonistic activity is still unknown. an additional concern is the potential of p. gigantea to acquire a necrotrophic habit through adaptation to living wood tissues. by using a ...201121551358
embryogenic potential and expression of embryogenesis-related genes in conifers are affected by treatment with a histone deacetylase inhibitor.somatic embryogenesis is used for vegetative propagation of conifers. embryogenic cultures can be established from zygotic embryos; however, the embryogenic potential decreases during germination. in arabidopsis, leafy cotyledon (lec) genes are expressed during the embryonic stage, and must be repressed to allow germination. treatment with the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin a (tsa) causes de-repression of lec genes. abscisic acid3 (abi3) and its zea mays ortholog viviparous1 (vp1) ac ...201121541665
quantification of extraradical soil mycelium and ectomycorrhizas of boletus edulis in a scots pine forest with variable sporocarp productivity.the availability of most edible ectomycorrhizal mushrooms depends on their natural fructification. sporocarp formation of these fungi is linked to habitat characteristics and climate conditions, but these data alone do not explain all the trends of fungal fruiting and dynamics. it could be hypothesized that the amount of soil mycelia could also be related to the production of carpophores. soil samples (five cylinders of 250 cm(3) per plot) were taken monthly, from september to november, in five ...201121494822
pollen proteases compromise the airway epithelial barrier through degradation of transmembrane adhesion proteins and lung bioactive peptides.to cite this article: vinhas r, cortes l, cardoso i, mendes vm, manadas b, todo-bom a, pires e, veríssimo p. pollen proteases compromise the airway epithelial barrier through degradation of transmembrane adhesion proteins and lung bioactive peptides. allergy 2011; doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02598.x. abstract: background:  allergic disorders, such as seasonal rhinitis and asthma, are increasing causes of morbidity worldwide and often result from exposure to airborne pollen. pollen allergy has ...201121480927
pinosylvin suppresses lps-stimulated inducible nitric oxide synthase expression via the myd88-independent, but trif-dependent downregulation of irf-3 signaling pathway in mouse macrophage cells.since inhibitors of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) have been considered as potential anti-inflammatory and cancer chemopreventive agents, we have evaluated the inhibitory effects on the production of nitric oxide (no) in lipopolysaccharide (lps)-stimulated murine macrophage raw 264.7 cells with natural and synthetic compounds. pinosylvin (3,5-dihydroxy-trans-stilbene), a stilbenoid mainly found in heartwood of pinus sylvestris, exhibited the inhibition of inos protein and mrna expression ...201121471724
ectomycorrhiza succession patterns in pinus sylvestris forests after stand-replacing fire in the central alps.fires shape fundamental properties of many forest ecosystems and climate change will increase their relevance in regions where fires occur infrequently today. in ecosystems that are not adapted to fire, post-fire tree recruitment is often sparse, a fact that might be attributed to a transient lack of mycorrhizae. ectomycorrhizal (ecm) fungi play an important role for recruitment by enhancing nutrient and water uptake of their hosts. the questions arise whether and for how long the ecm community ...201121468664
do multiple herbivores maintain chemical diversity of scots pine monoterpenes?a central issue in our understanding of the evolution of the diversity of plant secondary metabolites (psms) is whether or not compounds are functional, conferring an advantage to the plant, or non-functional. we examine the hypothesis that the diversity of monoterpene psms within a plant species (scots pine pinus sylvestris) may be explained by different compounds acting as defences against high-impact herbivores operating at different life stages. we also hypothesize that pairwise coevolution, ...201121444308
impacts of changing climate on the productivity of norway spruce dominant stands with a mixture of scots pine and birch in relation to water availability in southern and northern finland.a process-based ecosystem model was used to assess the impacts of changing climate on net photosynthesis and total stem wood growth in relation to water availability in two unmanaged norway spruce (picea abies) dominant stands with a mixture of scots pine (pinus sylvestris) and birch (betula sp.). the mixed stands were grown over a 100-year rotation (2000-99) in southern and northern finland with initial species shares of 50, 25 and 25% for norway spruce, scots pine and birch, respectively. in a ...201121436231
[effects of chronic irradiation of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) in chernobyl exclusion zone].the quantitative "dose rate-effect" dependences are presented for the cytogenetic damages in the seedlings and apical meristem of scots pine growing in the chernobyl zone. the specific patterns of dynamics of formation of the morphological effects in the studied species are considered for the conditions of the internal and external chronic irradiation. the correlation dependencies are established for the irradiation effects appearing at the morphological and cell level. the assumption concerning ...201021434389
evidence for selection in response to radiation exposure: pinus sylvestris in the chernobyl exclusion zone.changes of genetic structures due to viability selection are likely to occur in populations exposed to rapidly and extremely changing environmental conditions after catastrophic events. however, very little is known about the extent of selective responses and in particular the proportion of the genome involved in putatively adaptive reactions for non-model plants. we used amplified fragment length polymorphisms (aflps) in order to investigate genetic differences between pine (pinus sylvestris) t ...201121429640
growth, aboveground biomass, and nutrient concentration of young scots pine and lodgepole pine in oil shale post-mining landscapes in estonia.the investigation was carried out in 8-year-old scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and lodgepole pine (pinus contorta var. latifolia engelm.) plantations on post-mining area, northeast estonia. the aim of the study was to assess the suitability of lodgepole pine for restoration of degraded lands by comparing the growth, biomass, and nutrient concentration of studied species. the height growth of trees was greater in the scots pine stand, but the tree aboveground biomass was slightly larger in the ...201121374054
ophiostoma spp. associated with pine- and spruce-infesting bark beetles in finland and russia.the timber and pulp industries of finland rely heavily on importations from russia as source of raw timber. these imports raise the risk of accidentally importing forest pests and pathogens, especially bark beetles and their associated fungi, into finland. although ophiostomatoid fungi have previously been reported from finland and russia, the risks of accidentally moving these fungi has prompted a first survey to compare the diversity of conifer-infesting bark beetles and associated fungi from ...201021339968
characterisation of the initial degradation stage of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) sapwood after attack by brown-rot fungus coniophora puteana.in our study, early period degradation (10 days) of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) sapwood by the brown-rot fungus coniophora puteana (schum.: fr.) karst. (bam ebw.15) was followed at the wood chemical composition and ultrastructure-level, and highlighted the generation of reactive oxygen species (ros). an advanced decay period of 50 days was chosen for comparison of the degradation dynamics. scanning uv microspectrophotometry (umsp) analyses of lignin distribution in wood cells revealed that ...201121327804
drought alters timing, quantity, and quality of wood formation in scots pine.drought has been frequently discussed as a trigger for forest decline. today, large-scale scots pine decline is observed in many dry inner-alpine valleys, with drought discussed as the main causative factor. this study aimed to analyse the impact of drought on wood formation and wood structure. to study tree growth under contrasting water supply, an irrigation experiment was installed in a mature scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) forest at a xeric site in a dry inner-alpine valley. inter- and int ...201121273335
carbon reserves and canopy defoliation determine the recovery of scots pine 4 yr after a drought episode.• severe drought may increase physiological stress on long-lived woody vegetation, occasionally leading to mortality of overstory trees. little is known about the factors determining tree survival and subsequent recovery after drought. • we used structural equation modeling to analyse the recovery of scots pine (pinus sylvestris) trees 4 yr after an extreme drought episode occurred in 2004-2005 in north-east spain. measured variables included the amount of green foliage, carbon reserves in the s ...201121261625
ecm fungal community structure, but not diversity, altered in a pb-contaminated shooting range in a boreal coniferous forest site in southern finland.boreal forests contain diverse fungal communities that form essential ectomycorrhizal symbioses with trees. to determine the effects of lead (pb) contamination on ectomycorrhizal fungal communities associated with the dominant pine (pinus sylvestris l.), we surveyed sporocarps for 3 years, analyzed morphotyped ectomycorrhizal root tips by direct sequencing, and 454-sequenced fungal communities that grew into in-growth bags during a 2-year incubation at a shooting range where sectors vary in the ...201121223331
interactions between testate amoebae and saprotrophic microfungi in a scots pine litter microcosm.in all terrestrial ecosystems, testate amoebae (ta) encounter fungi. there are strong indications that both groups engage in multiple interactions, including mycophagy and decomposition of ta shells, processes which might be fundamental in nutrient cycling in certain ecosystems. here, we present the results of an experiment focusing on interactions between ta and saprotrophic microfungi colonizing scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) litter needles. the needles were collected from a temperate pine f ...201021188377
wind pollination over mesoscale distances: an investigation with scots pine.• there is a gap between the order of magnitude of maximum documented distances of airborne tree pollen transport (up to 10(2) -10(3)  km) and effective wind pollination (up to 10(1)  km), which may partly derive from greater difficulties in detecting the latter. this study aims to assess wind pollination over scales closer to the maximum observed physical pollen transport distances. • the origin of effective pollen immigrants into a strongly isolated iberian pinus sylvestris remnant was investi ...201021175640
tree rings of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) as a source of information about past climate in northern poland.scots pine (pinus sylvestris) is a very common tree in polish forests, and therefore was widely used as timber. a relatively large amount of available wood allowed a long-term chronology to be built up and used as a source of information about past climate. the analysis of reconstructed indexed values of mean temperature in 51-year moving intervals allowed the recognition of the coldest periods in the years 1207-1346, 1383-1425, 1455-1482, 1533-1574, 1627-1646, and 1694-1785. the analysis of ext ...201021174127
scots pine bark, topsoil and pedofauna as indicators of transport pollutions in terrestrial ecosystems.the impact of the motorway on pollution was evaluated by determining chosen heavy metals and acid reaction (ph) in the pine bark, in forest and meadow topsoil. the content of these environmental contaminants was determined in the topsoil and in the bark of around 40 year-old scots pines (pinus sylvestris l.) growing right next to the soil analyzed. the pollutants were examined at localities situated around 5, 200, 1500 m away from the motorway. to evaluate influence of cd, pb, zn, cu and the top ...201121170775
ericaceous dwarf shrubs affect ectomycorrhizal fungal community of the invasive pinus strobus and native pinus sylvestris in a pot experiment.this study aimed to elucidate the relationship between ericaceous understorey shrubs and the diversity and abundance of ectomycorrhizal fungi (ecmf) associated with the invasive pinus strobus and native pinus sylvestris. seedlings of both pines were grown in mesocosms and subjected to three treatments simulating different forest microhabitats: (a) grown in isolation and grown with (b) vaccinium myrtillus or (c) vaccinium vitis-idaea. ericaceous plants did not act as a species pool of pine mycobi ...201021161550
intraspecific variation in heterobasidion annosum for mortality rate on pinus sylvestris and picea abies seedlings grown in pure culture.one-month-old scots pine (pinus sylvestris) and norway spruce (picea abies) seedlings were inoculated in vitro with heterobasidion annosum strains, four each of the p-, s- and f-intersterility groups. variation among strains and between the is groups in virulence, expressed in mortality rate, was detected during twelve months after inoculation. most of the strains were more virulent on spruce than on pine, and mortality of spruce seedlings was significantly higher. the p strains displayed simila ...200221156559
assessing the long-term species composition predicted by prognaus.tree growth models are supposed to contain stand growth laws as so called "emergent properties" which derive from interactions of individual-tree growth and mortality functions. this study investigates whether the evolving tree species composition in a long term simulation by the distance-independent tree growth model prognaus matches the species composition of the potential natural vegetation type which is expected to occur if one refrains from further management interventions and major disturb ...201021151325
taxonomic re-evaluation of three related species of graphium, based on morphology, ecology and phylogeny.two fungi associated with bark beetles, graphium pseudormiticum (described in 1994) and rhexographium fimbriisporum (described in 1995), have two micromorphological characters in common. both species produce conidia with conspicuous basal frills, and the conidia align in chains, despite being produced in slime. the association of g. pseudormiticum with the pine bark beetle, orthotomicus erosus, and the association of r. fimbriisporum with the spruce bark beetle, ips typographus, suggest ecologic ...200321148980
epitypification of ophiostoma galeiforme and phylogeny of species in the o. galeiforme complex.ophiostoma galeiforme was described first in 1951 from larix kaempferi in scotland, where it was found to be associated with the bark beetles hy-lurgops palliatus, dryocoetes autographus, and the ambrosia beetle trypodendron lineatum. the taxonomy of this fungus has been uncertain because of a lack of sexual structures on the type specimen and contamination of a preserved ex-type culture. the aim of this study was to clarify application of the species name, o. galeiforme, by designating an epity ...200421148954
a stochastic model of tree architecture and biomass partitioning: application to mongolian scots pines.mongolian scots pine (pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) is one of the principal species used for windbreak and sand stabilization in arid and semi-arid areas in northern china. a model-assisted analysis of its canopy architectural development and functions is valuable for better understanding its behaviour and roles in fragile ecosystems. however, due to the intrinsic complexity and variability of trees, the parametric identification of such models is currently a major obstacle to their evaluatio ...201021062760
the effect of tree architecture on conduit diameter and frequency from small distal roots to branch tips in betula pendula, picea abies and pinus sylvestris.we studied the effect of tree architecture on xylem anatomy in three betula pendula roth., three picea abies (l.) h. karst. and three pinus sylvestris (l.) trees (mean age 35 years). first, the analysis of conduit anatomy in different tree parts showed that conduits tapered and their frequency increased from roots (≥ 2 mm) to stem, from stem to branches and further to leaf petioles in b. pendula. conduit anatomy in lateral and main roots, as well as lateral and main branches, significantly diffe ...201021030407
[the assessment of no adverse effect doses for plant populations chronically exposed to radionuclides of uranium and thorium decay series].dose rates cause no adverse effects on natural populations of pinus sylvestris l. and vicia cracca l. inhabiting territories contaminated by uranium mill tailings and radium production wastes (vodny settlement, komi republic) were determined. a significant increase in embryonic lethal mutation frequency in v. cracca legumes and decrease in seedlings survival rate as compared with control values were registered at dose rate equal to 1.67 mgy/day, that is 280 times higher than the one calculated f ...201020968049
recombinant expression, affinity purification and functional characterization of scots pine defensin 1.plants produce a variety of molecules to defend themselves from fungal pathogens. defensins belong to the family of antimicrobial peptides that play a central role in innate immunity in all species of plants. we have previously reported the purification of antimicrobial peptides from scots pine seedlings and the identification of some of them, including defensin, by mass spectrometry. in this study, we extend our original study on molecular cloning of pinus sylvestris defensin 1 (psdef1) by pres ...201020957359
a new labdanic norditerpene from pinus sylvestris.a new labdanic norditerpene and six known labdanic diterpenes were isolated from the petroleum ether extract of the needles of pinus sylvestris. by spectroscopic methods, the isolated compounds were determined as 15-norpinifolic acid (1), pinifolic acid (2), 4-eplimbricataloic acid (3), monomethyl pinifolate (4), 18α-acetoxylabd-8(17)-en-15-oic acid (5), 2-pentenoic acid (6) and 3β-hydroxy-8(17),e-13-labdadien-15-oic acid (7), respectively. compound 1 showed significant anti-tumour activity.201020954085
first fungal community analyses of endophytic ascomycetes associated with viscum album ssp. austriacum and its host pinus sylvestris.the endophytic fungal communities in the hemi-parasitic epiphyte viscum album and in its phorophyte pinus sylvestris were compared to reveal the fungal distribution patterns in their hosts. the its nrdna of 208 multiple-isolated fungal strains was sequenced and a newly designed process was applied for assigning taxon names to the obtained sequences. furthermore, the isolates were grouped as clusters, by subjecting a sequence similarity matrix to various cluster analyses, the results of which wer ...201020943170
susceptibility of ectomycorrhizal fungi to soil heating.ectomycorrhizal (ecm) fungi are an important biotic factor for successful tree recruitment because they enhance plant growth and alleviate drought stress of their hosts. thus, ecm propagules are expected to be a key factor for forest regeneration after major disturbance events such as stand-replacing forest fires. yet the susceptibility of soil-borne ecm fungi to heat is unclear. in this study, we investigated the heat tolerance of ecm fungi of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l., pinaceae). soil sa ...201020943157
the siderophore ferricrocin produced by specific foliar endophytic fungi in vitro.production of extracellular siderophores is typical for many plant-associated microbes, both mutualistic and antagonistic. various strains of mycorrhizal fungi produce siderophores, and siderophore production by pathogenic fungi is typically associated with virulence. we analyzed extracellular siderophore production along with production of antibacterial and antioxidant compounds in foliar endophytic fungi of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and labrador tea (rhododendron tomentosum harmaja). th ...201020943135
distribution of (210)pb and (210)po in boreal forest soil.vertical distribution and activity contents of (210)pb and (210)po were investigated in forest soils of scots pine-dominated (pinus sylvestris l.) stands from seven different locations in finland. the mean total inventory in the soil profile, up to 20cm, of (210)pb was 4.0kbqm(-2) (range3.1-5.0kbqm(-2)) and (210)po 5.5kbqm(-2) (range 4.0-7.4kbqm(-2)), the organic soil layer containing 45% of the total inventory of both nuclides. in both the organic and the mineral layers the (210)po/(210)pb rati ...201020888619
recovery of ectomycorrhiza after 'nitrogen saturation' of a conifer forest.trees reduce their carbon (c) allocation to roots and mycorrhizal fungi in response to high nitrogen (n) additions, which should reduce the n retention capacity of forests. the time needed for recovery of mycorrhizas after termination of n loading remains unknown. here, we report the long-term impact of n loading and the recovery of ectomycorrhiza after high n loading on a pinus sylvestris forest. we analysed the n% and abundance of the stable isotope (15) n in tree needles and soil, soil microb ...201020880225
uptake of ¹³⁷cs by berries, mushrooms and needles of scots pine in peatland forests after wood ash application.increasing use of wood fuels for energy production in finland since the 1990s implies that large quantities of the generated ashes will be available for forest fertilization. the aim of this study was to analyse the effect of wood ash application on ¹³⁷cs activity concentrations in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) needles and certain berries and mushrooms on drained peatlands. the study was based on field experiments carried out on two mires in finland in 1997-1998. two different types of wood a ...201020864229
high genetic diversity at the extreme range edge: nucleotide variation at nuclear loci in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) in scotland.nucleotide polymorphism at 12 nuclear loci was studied in scots pine populations across an environmental gradient in scotland, to evaluate the impacts of demographic history and selection on genetic diversity. at eight loci, diversity patterns were compared between scottish and continental european populations. at these loci, a similar level of diversity (θ(sil)= ~0.01) was found in scottish vs mainland european populations, contrary to expectations for recent colonization, however, less rapid d ...201120823905
toxic hazard of leachates from furfurylated wood: comparison between two different aquatic organisms.environmental concern regarding the use of toxic preservatives such as chromated copper arsenate (cca) has been put forward. in the european union, united states, and japan, cca has been phased out for residential and water-contact applications. ecotoxicological studies of wood treated with conventional preservatives were carried out in the late 1990s, and it was concluded that the main impact is to water and aquatic organisms. today, alternatives to conventional preservation methods, marketed a ...201020821541
the influence of pine volatile compounds on the olfactory response by neodiprion sertifer (geoffroy) females.females of the pine sawfly neodiprion sertifer (hymenoptera diprionidae) usually avoid pinus pinea trees as host plants. in contrast, this sawfly species is highly attracted by p. sylvestris and p. nigra trees. here, we investigated which pine volatiles might mediate this behavior by in situ sampling experiments and olfactometer laboratory tests. volatiles emitted from p. pinea, p. sylvestris, and p. nigra foliage were sampled by solid-phase microextraction (spme). analysis of these volatiles by ...201020809142
[chromosomal mutations in scotch pine (pinus sylvestris l.) growing in a hydromorphic environment: a first case of a giant chromosome detection].chromosomal mutations and mixoploidy have been revealed in the seedlings of scotch pine (pinus sylvestris) growing in a hydromorphic environment. a giant chromosome was detected for the first time in gymnosperms.201020799642
[long-term effects of dendrolimus superans bulter disturbance on forest landscape in huzhong forest bureau of great xing' an mountains: a simulation study].a spatially explicit landscape model landis was applied to simulate the long-term effects of dendrolimus superans bulter disturbance on the forest landscape in huzhong forest bureau of great xing' an mountains. the statistical software pakage apack was used to calculate the distribution area of d. superans and representative tree species, the aggregation index reflecting the spatial pattern, and the average area of forest patchs. the dynamics of forest landscape in the study region was simulated ...201020707086
biodegradable gelatin-chitosan films incorporated with essential oils as antimicrobial agents for fish preservation.essential oils of clove (syzygium aromaticum l.), fennel (foeniculum vulgare miller), cypress (cupressus sempervirens l.), lavender (lavandula angustifolia), thyme (thymus vulgaris l.), herb-of-the-cross (verbena officinalis l.), pine (pinus sylvestris) and rosemary (rosmarinus officinalis) were tested for their antimicrobial activity on 18 genera of bacteria, which included some important food pathogen and spoilage bacteria. clove essential oil showed the highest inhibitory effect, followed by ...201020688230
hierarchical spatial process models for multiple traits in large genetic trials.this article expands upon recent interest in bayesian hierarchical models in quantitative genetics by developing spatial process models for inference on additive and dominance genetic variance within the context of large spatially referenced trial datasets of multiple traits of interest. direct application of such multivariate models to large spatial datasets is often computationally infeasible because of cubic order matrix algorithms involved in estimation. the situation is even worse in markov ...201020676229
new insights into the mycorrhizal rhizoscyphus ericae aggregate: spatial structure and co-colonization of ectomycorrhizal and ericoid roots.• fungi in the rhizoscyphus ericae aggregate have been recovered from the roots of co-occurring ericaceous shrubs and ectomycorrhizal trees. however, to date, there is no evidence that the same individual genotypes colonize both hosts, and no information on the extent of the mycelial networks that might form. • using spatially explicit core sampling, we isolated fungi from neighbouring pinus sylvestris (ectomycorrhizal) and vaccinium vitis-idaea (ericoid mycorrhizal) roots and applied intersimpl ...201020618909
mechanism of antibacterial activity of the white-rot fungus hypholoma fasciculare colonizing wood.in a previous study it was shown that the number of wood-inhabiting bacteria was drastically reduced after colonization of beech (fagus sylvatica) wood blocks by the white-rot fungus hypholoma fasciculare, or sulfur tuft (folman et al. 2008). here we report on the mechanisms of this fungal-induced antibacterial activity. hypholoma fasciculare was allowed to invade beech and pine (pinus sylvestris) wood blocks that had been precolonized by microorganisms from forest soil. the changes in the numbe ...201020555400
limitation of the cavitron technique by conifer pit aspiration.the cavitron technique facilitates time and material saving for vulnerability analysis. the use of rotors with small diameters leads to high water pressure gradients (deltap) across samples, which may cause pit aspiration in conifers. in this study, the effect of pit aspiration on cavitron measurements was analysed and a modified 'conifer method' was tested which avoids critical (i.e. pit aspiration inducing) deltap. four conifer species were used (juniperus communis, picea abies, pinus sylvestr ...201020551085
equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies of the biosorption of textile dye (reactive red 195) onto pinus sylvestris l.this study investigated the biosorption of reactive red 195 (rr 195), an azo dye, from aqueous solution by using cone biomass of pinus sylvestris linneo. to this end, ph, initial dye concentration, biomass dosage and contact time were studied in a batch biosorption system. maximum ph for efficient rr 195 biosorption was found to be 1.0 and the initial rr 195 concentration increased with decreasing percentage removal. biosorption capacity increased from 6.69 mg/g at 20 degrees c to 7.38 mg/g at 5 ...201020541317
effect of petrol fuel contamination on the growth of mature scots pine, pinus sylvestris l., trees.the radial increment and crown status of mature scots pine trees growing in polluted and unpolluted sites were compared. in 1996, as a result of some malfunction, unleaded petrol penetrated into the soil next to a plantation. detailed geological and hydrological studies revealed the route of the spread of contamination and extent of the pollution. the trees growing in polluted sites revealed strong depletion of radial growth starting immediately after pollution. such depletion lasted 2-3 years b ...201020524108
tree age influences on the development of edible ectomycorrhizal fungi sporocarps in pinus sylvestris stands.the study of factors influencing the production and development of wild edible mushroom sporocarps is extremely important in the characterization of the fungi life cycle. the main objective of this work is to determine how tree age influences the speed of sporocarp growth of edible ectomycorrhizal fungi boletus edulis and lactarius deliciosus in a pinus sylvestris stand. this study is based on information recorded on a weekly basis every autumn between 1995 and 2008 in a set of permanent plots i ...201120524015
mistletoe-induced crown degradation in scots pine in a xeric environment.increasing scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) mortality has been recently observed in the dry inner valleys of the european alps. besides drought, infection with pine mistletoe (viscum album ssp. austriacum) seems to play an important role in the mortality dynamics of scots pines, but how mistletoes promote pine decline remains unclear. to verify whether pine mistletoe infection weakens the host via crown degradation, as observed for dwarf mistletoes, we studied the negative effects of pine mistle ...201020504777
in vivo and in vitro mixed-function oxygenase activity and vitellogenin induction in fish and in fish and rat liver cells by stilbenes isolated from scotch pine (pinus sylvestris).many types of pulp and paper mill effluents have the ability to induce mixed-function oxygenase (mfo) activity and vitellogenin (vtg) protein in exposed male fish. the search for the compounds responsible for mfo induction has led to several classes of compounds, among them retene and stilbenes. the objective of this study was to investigate the biological activities of candidate stilbene compounds. three stilbenes, 3,5-dihydroxystilbene (pinosylvin; p1), 3-hydroxy-5-methoxystilbene (p2), and 3, ...201120464549
[genetic variability of the natural populations and man-made forests of pinus sylvestris l. from kremenets hills and maloe poles'e].comparative analysis of genetic variability of three relic populations and six forest stands of different age grown in kremenets hills and maloye polesye has been carried out at 19 allozyme loci. all populations and four forest stands were characterized by a low level of heterozygosity (ho = 0.245-0.300). in two other stands it was significantly higher (h0 = 0.245-0.300). allelic and genotypic variability of the natural populations are reproduced in the studied stands. however, genetic distance ...200920458964
quantification of effects of season and nitrogen supply on tree below-ground carbon transfer to ectomycorrhizal fungi and other soil organisms in a boreal pine forest.summary: *the flux of carbon from tree photosynthesis through roots to ectomycorrhizal (ecm) fungi and other soil organisms is assumed to vary with season and with edaphic factors such as nitrogen availability, but these effects have not been quantified directly in the field. *to address this deficiency, we conducted high temporal-resolution tracing of (13)c from canopy photosynthesis to different groups of soil organisms in a young boreal pinus sylvestris forest. *there was a 500% higher below- ...201020456043
forage quantity, quality and depletion as scale-dependent mechanisms driving habitat selection of a large browsing herbivore.1. mechanisms that affect the spatial distribution of animals are typically scale-dependent and may involve forage distribution. forage quality and quantity are often inversely correlated and a much discussed trade-off is whether or not to select for high-quality forage at the expense of forage abundance. this discussion has rarely involved scale-dependence or been applied to northern browsing herbivores. at small spatial scales, browsers are assumed to select for the best quality forage. but, a ...201020443990
fungi in roots of nursery grown pinus sylvestris: ectomycorrhizal colonisation, genetic diversity and spatial distribution.the aims of this study were to investigate patterns of ectomycorrhizal (ecm) colonisation and community structure on nursery grown seedlings of pinus sylvestris, spatial distribution of ecms in the nursery plot and genetic diversity of commonly isolated ecm basidiomycete hebeloma cavipes. one hundred seedlings were sampled in 225 m(2) area using a systematic grid design. for each seedling, 20 individual root tips were randomly collected, morphotyped, and surface sterilised for fungal isolation i ...201120437259
species-specific responses of pine sesquiterpene synthases to sawfly oviposition.pinus sylvestris (scots pine) is known to respond to eggs laid by the sawfly diprion pini on its needles by releasing a blend of terpenoids, including the sesquiterpene (e)-beta-farnesene. these compounds attract a wasp, closterocerus ruforum, which parasitizes sawfly eggs. d. pini oviposition also enhances the transcription of two sesquiterpene synthases, an (e)-beta-caryophyllene/alpha-humulene synthase (pstps1) and a 1(10),5-germacradiene-4-ol synthase (pstps2). to gain a better understanding ...201020394954
comparative temporal analyses of the pinus sylvestris l. var. mongolica litv. apical bud proteome from dormancy to growth.bud dormancy in perennial plants adapts to environmental and seasonal changes. bud dormancy is of ecological interest because it affects forest population growth characteristics and is of economical interest because it impacts wood production levels. to understand pinus sylvestris l. var. mongolica litv. bud-dormancy and bud-burst mechanisms, we characterized the proteomes of their apical buds at the four critical stages that occur during the dormancy-to-growth transition. ninety-six proteins wi ...201120373030
[effects of different type urban forest plantations on soil fertility].aimed to study the effects of different urban forest plantations on soil fertility, soil samples were collected from eight mono-cultured plantations (larix gmelinii, pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, pinus tabulaeformis var. mukdensis, phellodendron amurense, juglans mandshurica, fraxinus mandshurica, betula platyphylla, and quercus mongolica) and one mixed plantation (p. sylvestris var. mongolica + f. mandshurica + picea koraiensis + p. amurense + b. platyphylla) established in northeast forestr ...200920353050
bayesian inference of genetic parameters based on conditional decompositions of multivariate normal distributions.it is widely recognized that the mixed linear model is an important tool for parameter estimation in the analysis of complex pedigrees, which includes both pedigree and genomic information, and where mutually dependent genetic factors are often assumed to follow multivariate normal distributions of high dimension. we have developed a bayesian statistical method based on the decomposition of the multivariate normal prior distribution into products of conditional univariate distributions. this pro ...201020351218
ectomycorrhizal identity determines respiration and concentrations of nitrogen and non-structural carbohydrates in root tips: a test using pinus sylvestris and quercus robur saplings.fine roots play a significant role in plant and ecosystem respiration (rs); therefore, understanding factors controlling that process is important both to advancing understanding and potentially in modelling carbon (c) budgets. however, very little is known about the extent to which ectomycorrhizal (ecm) identity may influence rs or the underlying chemistry that may determine those rates. in order to test these relationships, we examined rs, measured as o(2) consumption, of first-order ecm root ...201020304781
investigation of growth responses in saprophytic fungi to charred biomass.we present the results of a study testing the response of two saprophytic white-rot fungi species, pleurotus pulmonarius and coriolus versicolor, to charred biomass (charcoal) as a growth substrate. we used a combination of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, elemental abundance measurements, and isotope ratio mass spectrometry ((13)c and (15)n) to investigate fungal colonisation of control and incubated samples of scots pine (pinus sylvestris) wood, and charcoal from the same spec ...201020229385
[genetic polymorphism of clones and their seed progeny in the scotch pine clone plantation].genetic variation at 12 allozyme loci (10 of them being polymorphic ones) has been studied in the archive-clone plantation of 23 pinus sylvestris plus-trees and their seed progeny in the south-east of ukraine. more than a half of clones had 4-8 heterozygous loci, whereas their seed progeny was marked by a lower variation than maternal trees. seed progeny was obtained at a high outcrossing rate (t(m) = 95%). the clone progeny was characterized by a high percentage of abnormal allele segregation i ...201020201411
impact of drought on the temporal dynamics of wood formation in pinus sylvestris.we determined the temporal dynamics of cambial activity and xylem cell differentiation of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) within a dry inner alpine valley (750 m a.s.l., tyrol, austria), where radial growth is strongly limited by drought in spring. repeated micro-sampling of the developing tree ring of mature trees was carried out during two contrasting years at two study plots that differ in soil water availability (xeric and dry-mesic sites). in 2007, when air temperature at the beginning of ...201020197285
mycorrhiza formation is not needed for early growth induction and growth-related changes in polyamines in scots pine seedlings in vitro.ectomycorrhizal (ecm) fungi have been shown to improve growth of the host plant before the formation of physical ecm structures, i.e. during the so-called pre-mycorrhizal phase. in the present study, changes in growth and the concentrations of individual polyamines (pas) were followed during the mycorrhiza formation in scots pine (pinus sylvestris) seedlings in the presence of two ecm fungi, pisolithus tinctorius and paxillus involutus. the two fungus stains were chosen because they differed in ...201020188581
dealing with the problem of non-specific in situ mrna hybridization signals associated with plant tissues undergoing programmed cell death.abstract:201020181098
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