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chemical composition of the essential oils of variegated pink-fleshed lemon (citrus x limon l. burm. f.) and their anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities.the volatile secondary metabolites of essential oils from fruit peel and leaves of variegated pink-fleshed lemon (citrus x limon) were investigated using glc and glc-ms (gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy). altogether 141 compounds were identified and quantified, accounting for 99.59% and 96.33% of the total hydrodistilled peel and leaf oil, respectively. limonene occurred in higher amounts in fruit peel (52.73%) than in leaf oil (29.13%). neral (12.72%), neryl acetate (8.53%), p-menth- ...201324066512
differentiation of lemon essential oil based on volatile and non-volatile fractions with various analytical techniques: a metabolomic approach.due to the importance of citrus lemon oil for the industry, fast and reliable analytical methods that allow the authentication and/or classification of such oil, using the origin of production or extraction process, are necessary. to evaluate the potential of volatile and non-volatile fractions for classification purposes, volatile compounds of cold-pressed lemon oils were analyzed, using gc-fid/ms and ft-mir, while the non-volatile residues were studied, using ft-mir, (1)h-nmr and uhplc-tof-ms. ...201424054247
inhibitory effect of essential oils against trichosporon ovoides causing piedra hair infection.piedra, is an asymptomatic fungal infection of the hair shaft, resulting in the formation of nodules of different hardness on the infected hair. the infection also known as trichomycosis nodularis is a superficial fungal infection arising from the pathogen being restricted to the stratum corneum with little or no tissue reaction. the nodules are a concretion of hyphae and fruiting bodies of the fungus. two varieties of piedra may be seen, black piedra and white piedra. the fungus trichosporon ov ...201224031963
2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl as a screening tool for recombinant monoterpene biosynthesis.monoterpenes are a class of natural c10 compounds with a range of potential applications including use as fuel additives, fragrances, and chemical feedstocks. biosynthesis of monoterpenes in heterologous systems is yet to reach commercially-viable levels, and therefore is the subject of strain engineering and fermentation optimization studies. detection of monoterpenes typically relies on gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; this represents a significant analytical bottleneck which limits the p ...201323968454
spatial and temporal variation in chaetanaphothrips orchidii moulton (thysanoptera: thripidae) population and its damage on lemon.chaetanaphothrips orchidii moulton has recently been detected in lemon (citrus limon) orchards in northwest argentina, causing high levels of damage on fruits. severe damage results in the rejection of fruit for export, which must then be sold in the industry. however, the restrictions imposed by the citrus industry on insecticide residues sometimes also result in fruit rejection. here, we studied the ecology and behavior of c. orchidii in order to propose a pest management strategy that could m ...201323949715
study on citrus response to huanglongbing highlights a down-regulation of defense-related proteins in lemon plants upon 'ca. liberibacter asiaticus' infection.citrus huanglongbing (hlb) is a highly destructive disease of citrus presumably caused by 'candidatus liberibacterasiaticus' (las), a gram-negative, insect-transmitted, phloem-limited α-proteobacterium. although almost all citrus plants are susceptible to hlb, reports have shown reduced susceptibility to las infection in lemon (citrus limon) plants. the aim of this study is to identify intra-species specific molecular mechanisms associated with las-induced responses in lemon plants. to achieve t ...201323922636
host susceptibility of citrus cultivars to queensland fruit fly (diptera: tephritidae).citrus crops are considered to be relatively poor hosts for queensland fruit fly, bactrocera tryoni (froggatt), as for other tephritid species. australian citrus growers and crop consultants have reported observable differences in susceptibility of different citrus cultivars under commercial growing conditions. in this study we conducted laboratory tests and field surveys to determine susceptibility to b. tryoni of six citrus cultivars [(eureka lemon (citrus limon (l.) osbeck); navel and valenci ...201323786078
[effects of different planting modes on the soil permeability of sloping farmlands in purple soil area].taking bare land as the control, this paper studied the effects of different planting modes on the soil permeability of sloping farmlands in purple soil area. for the test six planting modes, the soil permeability was in the order of eriobotrya japonica > citrus limon > vetiveria zizanioides hedgerows +corn >leucaena leucocephala hedgerows + corn> hemerocallis fulva > corn> bare land, and decreased with increasing depth. the eigenvalues of soil infiltration were in the order of initial infiltrat ...201323755487
green synthesized silver nanoparticles for selective colorimetric sensing of hg2+ in aqueous solution at wide ph range.in the present study, the syntheses of crystalline silver and gold nanoparticles (nps) has been demonstrated in a green and environmentally friendly approach using citrus fruit extracts (lemon, citrus limon (cl-1) and sweet orange, citrus limetta (cl-2)). in addition, potentially hazardous metal ion sensing properties of these nps in aqueous solution has been explored. cl-1 and cl-2 that predominantly contained citric and ascorbic acid, exhibited different reducing abilities towards silver and g ...201323741735
voltammetric trace determination of mercury using plant refuse modified carbon paste electrodes.citrus limon peel (kitchen waste) and leucaena leucocephala seeds (agricultural waste) were used as a modifier for fabrication of modified carbon paste electrode for determination of mercury in aqueous sample using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. mercury was adsorbed on electrode surface at open circuit and anodic stripping voltammetric scan was run from -0.5 to 0.5 v. various electrochemical parameters including amount of modifier, supporting electrolyte, accumulating solvent, ...201323709264
effect of melia azedarach (sapindales: meliaceae) fruit extracts on citrus leafminer phyllocnistis citrella (lepidoptera: gracillariidae).melia azedarach l. extracts were studied in comparison with selected biorational insecticides against the citrus leafminer phyllocnistis citrella stainton under field conditions. citrus limon (l.) burm. f. trees were exposed to: melia extracts of green and mature fruits, neem oil (30% a.i.), abamectin (1.8% a.i.) and control. two sprays of each treatment (except for melia mature fruit extract) were executed at 10-d intervals. the live number of the 1(st) and later (2(nd) & 3(rd)) larval instars ...201323667805
a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, ptrbhlh, of poncirus trifoliata confers cold tolerance and modulates peroxidase-mediated scavenging of hydrogen peroxide.the basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh) transcription factors are involved in a variety of physiological processes. however, plant bhlhs functioning in cold tolerance and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. here, we report the identification and functional characterization of ptrbhlh isolated from trifoliate orange (poncirus trifoliata). the transcript levels of ptrbhlh were up-regulated under various abiotic stresses, particularly cold. ptrbhlh was localized in the nucleus with transa ...201323624854
in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of some essential oils against feline isolates of microsporum canis.the treatment of dermatophytoses due to microsporum canis is cumbersome and relapses can occur. volatile essential oils (eos) obtained from plants would seem to represent suitable tools to contrast mycoses both in human and animals. the anti-m. canis activity of some eos chemically characterized was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. eleven feline isolates of m. canis were tested by microdilution against eos extracted from thymus serpillum, origanum vulgare, rosmarinus officinalis, illicium ve ...201223518021
bicarbonate blocks iron translocation from cotyledons inducing iron stress responses in citrus roots.the effect of bicarbonate ion (hco3(-)) on the mobilization of iron (fe) reserves from cotyledons to roots during early growth of citrus seedlings and its influence on the components of the iron acquisition system were studied. monoembryonic seeds of citrus limon (l.) were germinated "in vitro" on two iron-deprived media, supplemented or not with 10mm hco3(-) (-fe+bic and -fe, respectively). after 21d of culture, fe concentration in seedling organs was measured, as well as gene expression and en ...201323465471
effect of citrus lemon oil on growth and adherence of streptococcus mutans.in order to exploit novel anticaries agents, we investigated the effects of citrus lemon oil (clo), a type of natural product, on growth and adherence of the primary oral cariogenic bacteria streptococcus mutans (s. mutans). the growth inhibitory effect was explored with a micro-dilution assay. adherence was analyzed by colony counts on the respective surfaces and the adherence inhibition rate (air). real time-pcr was used to investigate the effects of clo on transcription of glucosyltransferase ...201323381618
cytological aspects on the effects of a nasal spray consisting of standardized extract of citrus lemon and essential oils in allergic rhinopathy.in this paper, a new formulation of nasal spray was set up based on the extract of lemon pulp, obtained by using a new solid-liquid technology of extraction, added to pure aloe juice, soluble propoli, and essential oils of ravensara and niaouly. it was tested in a clinical study in which 100 subjects were recruited for a period of one month. nasal scraping was used for collecting samples and after the application of the may-grünwald giemsa standard technique, glass slides were analysed by using ...201223304560
characterization of a variant of xanthomonas citri subsp. citri that triggers a host-specific defense response.citrus is an economically important fruit crop that is severely afflicted by asiatic citrus bacterial canker (cbc), a disease caused by the phytopathogen xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (x. citri). to gain insight into the molecular epidemiology of cbc, 42 xanthomonas isolates were collected from a range of citrus spp. across 17 different orchards in tucumán, argentina and subjected to molecular, biochemical, and pathogenicity tests. analysis of genome-specific x. citri markers and dna polymorphi ...201323268580
temporal evolution of ¹³⁷cs⁺, k⁺ and na⁺ in fruits of south american tropical species.concentrations of (137)cs, k and na in fruits of lemon (citrus limon b.) and of k and na in fruits of coconut (cocos nucifera l.) trees were measured by both gamma spectrometry and neutron activation analysis, with the aim to understand the behaviour of monovalent inorganic cations in tropical plants as well as the plant ability to store these elements. similar amounts of k(+) were incorporated by lemon and coconut trees during the growth and ripening processes of its fruits. the k concentration ...201223268139
synergistic combinations of high hydrostatic pressure and essential oils or their constituents and their use in preservation of fruit juices.this work addresses the inactivation achieved with escherichia coli o157:h7 and listeria monocytogenes egd-e by combined processes of high hydrostatic pressure (hhp) and essential oils (eos) or their chemical constituents (ccs). hhp treatments (175-400 mpa for 20 min) were combined with 200 μl/l of each eo (citrus sinensis l., citrus lemon l., citrus reticulata l., thymus algeriensis l., eucalyptus globulus l., rosmarinus officinalis l., mentha pulegium l., juniperus phoenicea l., and cyperus lo ...201323246609
green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using citrus fruits (citrus limon, citrus reticulata and citrus sinensis) aqueous extract and its characterization.this study reports the biological synthesis of gold nanoparticles by the reduction of haucl(4) by using citrus fruits (citrus limon, citrus reticulata and citrus sinensis) juice extract as the reducing and stabilizing agent. a various shape and size of gold nanoparticles were formed when the ratio of the reactants were altered with respect to 1.0mm chloroauric acid solution. the gold nanoparticles obtained were characterized by uv-visible spectra, transmission electron microscopy (tem) and x-ray ...201323211617
effects of fruit juices of citrus sinensis l. and citrus limon l. on experimental hypercholesterolemia in the rat.in citrus juices there are various substances of different chemical nature, some of which possess already-known hypocholesterolemic properties. therefore it has seemed interesting to evaluate the effects of a prolonged administration of lyophilized juices of citrus sinensis l. osbeck and citrus limon l. burm fil. in diet-induced rat hypercholesterolemia. lyophilized citrus juices were administered for 15 days (by gavage, at the dose of 5g/kg in aqueous veicle in a volume of 0.5 ml/100 g body wei ...199623194620
evaluation of clausena pentaphylla (roxb.) dc oil as a fungitoxicant against storage mycoflora of pigeon pea seeds.the present study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of 30 essential oils against four dominant fungi aspergillus flavus link., a. niger van tieghem, a. ochraceus wilhelm and a. terreus thom of stored pigeon pea seeds at a concentration of 0.36 µl ml(-1). various fungitoxic properties, such as minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum fungicidal concentration and fungitoxic spectrum, of the most potent oil were determined. the efficacy of the most potent oil in preservation of pigeon pea ...201323192408
limonoids and their anti-proliferative and anti-aromatase properties in human breast cancer cells.lemons are a widely used citrus crop and have shown several potential health benefits. in the present study, the mechanism and effectiveness of the anti-cancer and anti-aromatase properties of limonoids were investigated for the first time. defatted lemon (citrus lemon l. burm) seed powder was extracted with ethyl acetate (etoac) and methanol (meoh) for 16 h each, successively. these extracts were fractionated using 1d (silica) and 2d (ion exchange and sp-70 columns) column chromatography to obt ...201323117440
in vitro antibacterial effects of five volatile oil extracts against intramacrophage brucella abortus 544.brucellaabortus is a gram-negative facultative intracellular bacterium that can cause a highly contagious disease in sheep, goats, cattle and one-humped camels. it is responsible for one of the most important zoonosis in human. the aim of this study was to evaluate the role of mentha piperita, origanum majorana, citrus lemon, cinnamomum verum and myristica fragrans essential volatile oil extracts on human macrophages infected by b. abortus 544.201223115441
mechanism of seedlessness in a new lemon cultivar 'xiangshui' [citrus limon (l.) burm. f].seedlessness is an important economic trait of lemon. understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of seedlessness in 'xiangshui' lemon requires detailed data on pollen and embryo sac fertility, embryo development and compatibility mechanisms governing self- and cross-pollination. the results of the current study indicate that the fertility of pollen and mature embryo sac remains normal. when flowers were self- or cross-pollinated, pollen grains of 'xiangshui' were able to germinate on th ...201223114638
conversion of protopanaxadiol type saponins to ginsenoside rg3 by lemon.the ability of fresh lemon (citrus limon) to convert protopanaxadiol-type saponins into ginsenoside rg3 was investigated, and the structures of 20(s)-ginsenoside rg3 (1) and 20(r)-ginsenoside rg3 (2) were identified by 1h nmr and 13c nmr spectroscopy. the experiment showed that lemon possesses the strong ability to hydrolyze ginsenosides. when protopanaxadiol-type saponins (16 mg/ml) were hydrolyzed by fresh lemon juice at 80 degrees c for 3 hrs, the conversion ratios of ginsenoside rb1, rb2, rc ...201223074894
evaluation of bioefficacy of three citrus essential oils against the dengue vector aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) in correlation to their components enantiomeric distribution.laboratory experiments were conducted to study the bioefficacy against ae. albopictus of three citrus essential oils, derived from peels of citrus sinensis, citrus limon, and citrus paradise and of their components. chiral gas chromatography analysis revealed the dominant occurrence of r-(+)-limonene and (-)-β-pinene in all three essential oils while in the case of lemon oil γ-terpinene, neral, and geranial detected also among other components. the tested citrus essential oils were toxic against ...201222903418
potentiating effects of honey on antioxidant properties of lemon-flavoured black tea.health benefits including antioxidant potential of black tea (camellia sinensis), lemon (citrus limon) and honey bees (apis mellifera) have been extensively reported. nevertheless, nothing is reported about the effects of their concomitant use. herein, those effects were evaluated in infusions of lemon-flavoured black tea with three different kinds of honey (light amber, amber and dark amber) from lavandula stoechas, erica sp. pl. and other indigenous floral species from north-east portugal, a r ...201322856394
characterization of coumarin-specific prenyltransferase activities in citrus limon peel.coumarins, a large group of polyphenols, play important roles in the defense mechanisms of plants, and they also exhibit various biological activities beneficial to human health, often enhanced by prenylation. despite the high abundance of prenylated coumarins in citrus fruits, there has been no report on coumarin-specific prenyltransferase activity in citrus. in this study, we detected both o- and c-prenyltransferase activities of coumarin substrates in a microsome fraction prepared from lemon ...201222785469
expression and functional analysis of two lycopene β-cyclases from citrus fruits.in the present study, two lcyb genes (citlcyb1 and citlcyb2) were isolated from satsuma mandarin (citrus unshiu marc.), valencia orange (citrus sinensis osbeck) and lisbon lemon (citrus limon burm.f.) and their functions were analyzed by the color complementation assay in lycopene-accumulating e. coli cells. the results showed that citlcyb1 and citlcyb2 shared high identity at the amino acid level among the three citrus varieties. the n-terminal region of the two proteins encoded by citlcyb1 and ...201222729824
molecular cloning, sequence characterization of a novel pepper gene nadp-icdh and its effect on cytoplasmic male sterility.nadp-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (nadp-icdh) is an important enzyme involved in energy metabolism. the complete coding sequence of the pepper (capsicum annuum) nadp-icdh gene was amplified using a reverse transcriptase pcr based on the conserved sequence information of the tomato and other solanaceae plants and known highly homologous pepper ests. nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the pepper nadp-icdh gene encodes a protein of 415 amino acids that has high homology with the prote ...201222653649
changes of peel essential oil composition of four tunisian citrus during fruit maturation.the present work investigates the effect of ripening stage on the chemical composition of essential oil extracted from peel of four citrus: bitter orange (citrus aurantium), lemon (citrus limon), orange maltaise (citrus sinensis), and mandarin (citrus reticulate) and on their antibacterial activity. essential oils yields varied during ripening from 0.46 to 2.70%, where mandarin was found to be the richest. forty volatile compounds were identified. limonene (67.90-90.95%) and 1,8-cineole (tr-14.7 ...201222645427
host-range testing of eucryptorrhynchus brandti (coleoptera: curculionidae), a candidate for biological control of tree-of-heaven, ailanthus altissima.ailanthus altissima (mill.) swingle, tree-of-heaven, is an invasive species native to asia. it first was introduced into the united states in the 1700 s and now is distributed throughout much of north america. mechanical and chemical controls are current suppression tactics, however, implementation is costly. a weevil, eucryptorrhynchus brandti (harold), was identified in china and imported for quarantine testing in 2004 as a potential biological control agent. host specificity tests on adult fe ...201222525066
lemon (citrus limon, burm.f.) essential oil enhances the trans-epidermal release of lipid-(a, e) and water-(b6, c) soluble vitamins from topical emulsions in reconstructed human epidermis.topical bioavailability of lipid- and water-soluble vitamins is a critical issue for protecting or anti-ageing formulations. using 17-day-old skinethic(®) reconstructed human epidermis, we investigated (at 34°c) the role of lemon eo in enhancing the penetration of α-tocopherol (e) and retinyl acetate (a), pyridoxine (b(6)) and ascorbic acid (c), released from o/w or w/o emulsions. d-limonene, α-pinene and p-cymene (65.9, 2.2 and 0.5%w/w of the oil) had skin permeability coefficients ps (10(-3) c ...201222515469
confined direct analysis in real time ion source and its applications in analysis of volatile organic compounds of citrus limon (lemon) and allium cepa (onion).the dart (direct analysis in real time) ion source is a novel atmospheric pressure ionization technique that enables efficient ionization of gases, liquids and solids with high throughput. a major limit to its wider application in the analysis of gases is its poor detection sensitivity caused by open-air sampling. in this study, a confined interface between the dart ion source outlet and mass spectrometer sampling orifice was developed, where the plasma generated by the atmospheric pressure glow ...201222499194
volatile constituents of wild citrus mangshanyegan (citrus nobilis lauriro) peel oil.volatiles of a wild mandarin, mangshanyegan (citrus nobilis lauriro), were characterized by gc-ms, and their aroma active compounds were identified by aroma extract dilution analysis (aeda) and gas chromatography-olfactometry (gc-o). the volatile profile of mangshanyegan was compared with those of other four citrus species, kaopan pummelo (citrus grandis), eureka lemon (citrus limon), huangyanbendizao tangerine (citrus reticulata), and seike navel orange (citrus sinensis). monoterpene hydrocarbo ...201222352344
screening of anti-dengue activity in methanolic extracts of medicinal plants.dengue fever regardless of its serotypes has been the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral diseases among the world population. the development of a dengue vaccine is complicated by the antibody-dependent enhancement effect. thus, the development of a plant-based antiviral preparation promises a more potential alternative in combating dengue disease.201222244370
Increasing antibiotic activity against a multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter spp by essential oils of Citrus limon and Cinnamomum zeylanicum.The genus Acinetobacter has gained importance in recent years due to involvement in serious infections and antimicrobial resistance. Many plants have been evaluated not only for direct antimicrobial activity, but also as resistance modifying agents. The Essential oil of Citrus limon (EOCL) addition at 156.25?µgmL(-1) (MIC/8) sub-inhibitory concentration in the growth medium led to MIC decrease for amikacin, imipenem and meropenem. The Essential oil of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (EOCZ) addition at 78. ...201122191514
reducing and correcting for contamination of ecosystem water stable isotopes measured by isotope ratio infrared spectroscopy.concern exists about the suitability of laser spectroscopic instruments for the measurement of the (18)o/(16)o and (2)h/(1)h values of liquid samples other than pure water. it is possible to derive erroneous isotope values due to optical interference by certain organic compounds, including some commonly present in ecosystem-derived samples such as leaf or soil waters. here we investigated the reliability of wavelength-scanned cavity ring-down spectroscopy (crds) (18)o/(16)o and (2)h/(1)h measure ...201222173802
variability of 137cs and 40k soil-to-fruit transfer factor in tropical lemon trees during the fruit development period.in this investigation we evaluate the soil uptake of (137)cs and (40)k by tropical plants and their consequent translocation to fruits, by calculating the soil-to-fruit transfer factors defined as f(v) = [concentration of radionuclide in fruit (bq kg(-1) dry mass)/concentration of radionuclide in soil (bq kg(-1) dry mass in upper 20 cm)]. in order to obtain f(v) values, the accumulation of these radionuclides in fruits of lemon trees (citrus limon b.) during the fruit growth was measured. a math ...201222115437
Regulation of carotenoid accumulation and the expression of carotenoid metabolic genes in citrus juice sacs in vitro.In the present study, to investigate the mechanisms regulating carotenoid accumulation in citrus, a culture system was set up in vitro with juice sacs of three citrus varieties, Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.), Valencia orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck), and Lisbon lemon (Citrus limon Burm.f.). The juice sacs of all the three varieties enlarged gradually with carotenoid accumulation. The changing patterns of carotenoid content and the expression of carotenoid metabolic genes in juice sacs i ...201121994171
sedative, anxiolytic and antidepressant activities of citrus limon (burn) essential oil in mice.we examined the sedative, anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of essential oil (eo) of leaves from citrus limon, which has been used as one of the most popular compounds in brazilian traditional herbal medicine. the effects of eo were demonstrated by open-field, elevated-plus-maze, rota rod, pentobarbital-induced sleeping time, and forced swimming tests in mice. in the open-field test, eo at the doses of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg, after oral administration, significantly decreased the number of cr ...201121901988
antioxidant and antiacetylcholinesterase activities of some commercial essential oils and their major compounds.the commercial essential oils of citrus aurantium l., cupressus sempervirens l., eucalyptus globulus labill., foeniculum vulgare mill. and thymus vulgaris l., isolated by steam distillation by a company of morocco were evaluated in terms of in vitro antioxidant activity through several methods. in vitro acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity was also determined. citrus limon (l.) burm. f. oil was also studied, but it was obtained by peel expression. the best antioxidant was t. vulgaris oil, in ...201121900869
chemical composition and fumigant toxicity of some essential oils against ephestia kuehniella.the chemical constituents of some essential oils extracted from aromatic plants (savory, satureja thymbra l.; turkish oregano, origanum onites l.; myrtle, myrtus communis l.; marjoram, origanum majorana l.; laurel, laurus nobilis l.; lemon, citrus limon l.; sticky goosefoot, chenopodium botrys l.; and tansy, tanecetum armenum [dc.] suchultz bip.) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. fumigant toxicity of volatile compounds was tested against mediterranean flour moth, ephestia ku ...201121882685
cold treatment of ceratitis capitata (diptera: tephritidae) in oranges using a larval endpoint.south africa currently exports fresh citrus (citrus spp.) fruit to japan using an in-transit cold treatment protocol of 14 d or 12 d at temperatures <0 degrees c for treatment of ceratitis capitata (wiedemann) (diptera: tephritidae) in 'clementine' mandarins (citrus reticulata blanco) and other citrus types, respectively. to reduce the risk of chilling injury with this treatment, research was conducted with temperatures >0 degrees c. earlier south african research had shown that young (6-d-old) ...201121882680
volatile fraction composition and physicochemical parameters as tools for the differentiation of lemon blossom honey and orange blossom honey.volatile fraction profile and physicochemical parameters were studied with the aim of evaluating their effectiveness for the differentiation between lemon blossom honey (citrus limon l.) and orange blossom honey (citrus spp.). they would be useful complementary tools to the traditional analysis based on the percentage of pollen.201121748732
antioxidant and antinociceptive effects of citrus limon essential oil in mice.the antioxidant and antinociceptive activities of citrus limon essential oil (eo) were assessed in mice or in vitro tests. eo possesses a strong antioxidant potential according to the scavenging assays. moreover, it presented scavenger activity against all in vitro tests. orally, eo (50, 100, and 150ôçë mg/kg) significantly reduced the number of writhes, and, at highest doses, it reduced the number of paw licks. whereas naloxone antagonized the antinociceptive action of eo (highest doses), this ...201121660140
antioxidant activity of citrus limon essential oil in mouse hippocampus.context: citrus limon (l.) burms (rutaceae) has been shown in previous studies to have various biological functions (anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, antiviral, antimutagenic, and anticarcinogenic). however, traditional uses in folk medicine suggest that c. limon may have an effect on the central nervous system (cns). objective: this study investigated the effects of c. limon essential oil (eo) on lipid peroxidation level, nitrite content, glutathione reduced (gsh) concentration, and antioxidant ...201121639684
expression of the h+-atpase aha10 proton pump is associated with citric acid accumulation in lemon juice sac cells.the sour taste of lemons (citrus limon (l.) burm.) is determined by the amount of citric acid in vacuoles of juice sac cells. faris is a "sweet" lemon variety since it accumulates low levels of citric acid. the university of california riverside citrus variety collection includes a faris tree that produces sweet (faris non-acid; fna) and sour fruit (faris acid; fa) on different branches; it is apparently a graft chimera with layer l1 derived from millsweet limetta and layer l2 from a standard le ...201121556928
patent literature on mosquito repellent inventions which contain plant essential oils--a review.bites bites of mosquitoes belonging to the genera anopheles meigen, aedes meigen, culex l. and haemagogus l. are a general nuisance and are responsible for the transmission of important tropical diseases such as malaria, hemorrhagic dengue and yellow fevers and filariasis (elephantiasis). plants are traditional sources of mosquito repelling essential oils (eos), glyceridic oils and repellent and synergistic chemicals. a chemical abstracts search on mosquito repellent inventions containing plant- ...201121328177
determination of ascorbic acid content of some fruit juices and wine by voltammetry performed at pt and carbon paste electrodes.a method was developed for assessing ascorbic acid concentration in fruit juices and wine by differential pulse voltammetry. the oxidation peak for ascorbic acid occurs at about 530 mv (versus sce) on a pt strip working electrode and at about 470 mv on a carbon paste working electrode. the influence of the operational parameters like the pulse amplitude and the pulse period on the analytical signal was investigated. the obtained calibration graph shows a linear dependence between the peak height ...201121285920
immunomodulatory properties of a lemon-quince preparation (gencydo®) as an indicator of anti-allergic potency.gencydo®, a combination of lemon (citrus limon) juice and aqueous quince (cydonia oblonga) extract has been used traditionally in anthroposophical medicine for treating patients with allergic rhinitis or asthma. because there are no reports about the mode of action, we investigated the anti-allergic effects of this preparation in vitro by using cell lines and primary cells in various biological and immunological endpoints.201121256726
effectiveness of different solid-phase microextraction fibres for differentiation of selected madeira island fruits based on their volatile metabolite profile--identification of novel compounds.a headspace solid-phase microextraction (hs-spme) procedure based on five commercialised fibres (85 μm polyacrylate - pa, 100 μm polydimethylsiloxane - pdms, 65 μm polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene - pdms/dvb, 70 μm carbowax/divinylbenzene - cw/dvb and 85 μm carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane - car/pdms) is presented for the characterization of the volatile metabolite profile of four selected madeira island fruit species, lemon (citrus limon), kiwi (actinidia deliciosa), papaya (carica papaya l.) a ...201021147335
[autooxidation of a mixture of lemon essential oils, methyl linolenoate, and methyl oleinate].stability of components of a mixture of methyl linolenoate and methyl oleinate with two lemon (citrus limon l.) essential oils in hexane during their autooxidation in light was studied by gas chromatography. the essential oils differed by their quantitative ratio of components: the single-fold (1x) oil contained approximately 90% monoterpene hydrocarbons and 1.47% citral, whereas the proportions of hydrocarbons and citral in the tenfold (10x) oil were approximately 60 and 18.32%, respectively. t ...201521061607
plants used by native amazonian groups from the nanay river (peru) for the treatment of malaria.in order to evaluate the antimalarial potential of traditional remedies used in peru, indigenous and mestizo populations from the river nanay in loreto were interviewed about traditional medication for the treatment of malaria.201021040768
gastroprotective mechanisms of citrus lemon (rutaceae) essential oil and its majority compounds limonene and β-pinene: involvement of heat-shock protein-70, vasoactive intestinal peptide, glutathione, sulfhydryl compounds, nitric oxide and prostaglandin e₂.citrus lemon (cl) belongs to rutaceae family and is popularly known in brazil as limão siciliano. the phytochemical analysis of cl fruit bark essential oil showed two majority components, limonene (lim) and β-pinene (pin). this study aimed to evaluate the gastroprotective mechanism of action from cl, lim and pin in ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers and its in vitro anti-helicobacter pylori activity. after ethanol-induced gastric ulcer, the ulcer area was measured and the stomachs ...201020934418
sicilian lemon oil: composition of volatile and oxygen heterocyclic fractions and enantiomeric distribution of volatile components.a total of 92 samples of sicilian lemon oils (citrus limon (l.) burm. f.) produced from september 2008 to june 2009, industrially cold-pressed by different extraction techniques (brown oil extractor and food machinery corporation), were analyzed by gc-flame ionization detector (fid) and gc/ms-lri to investigate the volatile fraction; by rp-hplc/pda to determine the non-volatile components and by enantio-gc-fid to determine the enantiomeric ratios of 12 volatile components. this study provides a ...201020931614
juice components and antioxidant capacity of four tunisian citrus varieties.juices from four citrus species of tunisia were investigated mainly for quality parameters and antioxidant capacity.201120862741
biomimetic synthesis of silver nanoparticles by citrus limon (lemon) aqueous extract and theoretical prediction of particle size.in the present study, silver nanoparticles were rapidly synthesized at room temperature by treating silver ions with the citrus limon (lemon) extract. the effect of various process parameters like the reductant concentration, mixing ratio of the reactants and the concentration of silver nitrate were studied in detail. in the standardized process, 10(-2)m silver nitrate solution was interacted for 4h with lemon juice (2% citric acid concentration and 0.5% ascorbic acid concentration) in the ratio ...201120833002
novel demonstration of rnai in citrus reveals importance of citrus callose synthase in defence against xanthomonas citri subsp. citri.citrus is an economically important fruit crop that is severely afflicted by citrus canker, a disease caused by the bacterial phytopathogen, xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (xcc). genbank houses a large collection of expressed sequence tags (ests) enriched with transcripts generated during the defence response against this pathogen; however, there are currently no strategies in citrus to assess the function of candidate genes. this has greatly limited research as defence signalling genes are ofte ...201120809929
activities of ten essential oils towards propionibacterium acnes and pc-3, a-549 and mcf-7 cancer cells.ten essential oils, namely, mint (mentha spicata l., lamiaceae), ginger (zingiber officinale rosc., zingiberaceae), lemon (citrus limon burm.f., rutaceae), grapefruit (citrus paradisi macf., rutaceae), jasmine (jasminum grandiflora l., oleaceae), lavender (mill., lamiaceae), chamomile (matricaria chamomilla l., compositae), thyme (thymus vulgaris l., lamiaceae), rose (rosa damascena mill., rosaceae) and cinnamon (cinnamomum zeylanicum n. lauraceae) were tested for their antibacterial activities ...201020657472
responses of the asian citrus psyllid to volatiles emitted by the flushing shoots of its rutaceous host plants.diaphorina citri kuwayama (hemiptera: psyllidae) carries candidatus liberibacter spp., the putative causal agents of huanglongbing. d. citri reproduces and develops only on the flushing shoots of its rutaceous host plants. here we examined whether d. citri is attracted to host plant odors and a mixture of synthetic terpenes. tests conducted in a vertically oriented y-tube olfactometer showed that both males and females preferentially entered the y-tube arm containing the odor from the young shoo ...201020388295
host involvement in the improved decay control following nahco3 co-application with imazalil.in order to improve the treatment efficiency of conventional synthetic fungicides we investigated the relationship between the decay control efficacy and the concentration of imazalil (imz) when the fungicide was co-applied with nahco3 (sbc) for 2 min. experiments were carried out using lemon fruit (citrus limon (l.) burm .f. cv verna), either wounded or not before the treatment with 0, 50, 100, 250 or 1000 microg ml(-1) imz or the co-application of 3% sbc with 0, 50, 100 and 250 microg ml(-1) i ...200920222555
in vitro inhibition of vancomycin-susceptible and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium and e. faecalis in the presence of citrus essential oils.glycopeptide-resistant enterococcus (gre) is an important healthcare-acquired infection (hcai) which costs the healthcare service many millions of pounds worldwide. in this study, lemon (citrus limon), sweet orange (citrus sinensis) or bergamot (citrus bergamia) essential oils (eo) and their vapours, alone and in combination, are tested for their antimicrobial activity against vancomycin-resistant and vancomycin-sensitive strains of e. faecium and e. faecalis. a blend of 1:1 (v/v) orange and ber ...200920095125
comparative study of the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of six essential oils and their components.the antioxidant activities and the determined major components of six popular and commercially available herb essential oils, including lavender (lavendular angustifolia), peppermint (mentha piperita), rosemary (rosmarius officinalis), lemon (citrus limon), grapefruit (citrus paradise), and frankincense (boswellia carteri), were compared. the essential oils were analysed by gc-ms and their antioxidant activities were determined by testing free radical-scavenging capacity and lipid peroxidation i ...201020077307
oxidative stability and alpha-tocopherol retention in soybean oil with lemon seed extract (citrus limon) under thermoxidation.the synergistic effect of lemon seed extract with tert-butylhydroquinone (tbhq) in soybean oil subjected to thermoxidation by rancimat was investigated, and the influence of these antioxidants on a-tocopherol degradation in thermoxidized soybean oil. control, lse (2400 mg/kg lemon seed extract), tbhq (50 mg/kg), mixture 1 (lse + 50 mg/kg tbhq) and mixture 2 (lse + 25 mg/kg tbhq) were subjected to 180 degrees c for 20 h. samples were taken at time 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 h intervals and analysed for ...200919967989
host preference and development of leptoglossus zonatus (hemiptera: coreidae) on satsuma mandarin.leptoglossus zonatus (dallas) (hemiptera: coreidae) has recently emerged as a key pest of satsuma mandarin, citrus unshiu marcovitch, and other fruit crops in the gulf coast region of the united states. studies were conducted under laboratory conditions (25 +/- 2 degrees c, 50 +/- 10% rh, and a photoperiod of 14:10 [l:d] h) to investigate host preference and suitability of satsuma fruit as host for this pest. three separate multiple choice experiments were performed to compare attraction of l. z ...200919886456
essential oils and anxiolytic aromatherapy.a number of essential oils are currently in use as aromatherapy agents to relieve anxiety, stress, and depression. popular anxiolytic oils include lavender (lavandula angustifolia), rose (rosa damascena), orange (citrus sinensis), bergamot (citrus aurantium), lemon (citrus limon), sandalwood (santalum album), clary sage (salvia sclarea), roman chamomile (anthemis nobilis), and rose-scented geranium (pelargonium spp.). this review discusses the chemical constituents and cns effects of these aroma ...200919831048
influences of temperature on homalodisca vitripennis (hemiptera: cicadellidae) survival under various feeding conditions.survival of the glassy-winged sharpshooter, homalodisca vitripennis (germar) (hemiptera: cicadellidae), was studied under various constant temperatures and feeding conditions. when provided a host plant (citrus limon l. burm. f.) to feed on during a 21-d trial, 100% mortality occurred at 0.1, 3.2, and 40.1 degrees c, whereas an average of 74-76% of adults survived in the 13.2-24.5 degrees c range. when individually confined with moist cotton, adult longevity was greatest (16.3 d) at 13.3 degrees ...200919825304
targeting excessive free radicals with peels and juices of citrus fruits: grapefruit, lemon, lime and orange.a comparative study between the antioxidant properties of peel (flavedo and albedo) and juice of some commercially grown citrus fruit (rutaceae), grapefruit (citrus paradisi), lemon (citrus limon), lime (citrusxaurantiifolia) and sweet orange (citrus sinensis) was performed. different in vitro assays were applied to the volatile and polar fractions of peels and to crude and polar fraction of juices: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (dpph) radical scavenging capacity, reducing power and inhibition o ...201019770018
natural bioactive compounds of citrus limon for food and health.citrus genus is the most important fruit tree crop in the world and lemon is the third most important citrus species. several studies highlighted lemon as an important health-promoting fruit rich in phenolic compounds as well as vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, essential oils and carotenoids. lemon fruit has a strong commercial value for the fresh products market and food industry. moreover, lemon productive networks generate high amounts of wastes and by-products that constitute an important ...201019748198
non-additive phenotypic and transcriptomic inheritance in a citrus allotetraploid somatic hybrid between c. reticulata and c. limon: the case of pulp carotenoid biosynthesis pathway.allopolyploidy is known to induce novel patterns of gene expression and often gives rise to new phenotypes. here we report on the first attempt to relate phenotypic inheritance in an allotetraploid somatic hybrid with gene expression. carotenoid compounds in the fruit pulp of the two parental species and the hybrid were evaluated quantitatively by hplc. only very low levels of beta-carotene and beta-cryptoxanthin were observed in citrus limon, while beta-cryptoxanthin was a major component of c. ...200919727737
cheminformatics based selection and cytotoxic effects of herbal extracts.bioinformatics and traditional medicine can be used in discovery and design of novel candidate drugs to efficient cancer chemotherapy. in this study, similarity search tools employed to screen and introduce novel herbs with antitumor property. several novel herbs have been selected by using logical computational algorithms and assayed on six cancerous cell lines. complementary assays involved hemolytic and antifungal mic tests have been performed to determine selectivity and their biocompatibili ...200919602433
inheritance of characters involved in fruit quality in a citrus interspecific allotetraploid somatic hybrid.the main components of citrus fruit quality (organic acids, sugars, and aromatic compounds) were studied in fruits of a somatic hybrid allotetraploid between willow leaf mandarin (citrus deliciosa ten.) + eureka lemon [citrus limon (l.) burm.] and the two diploid parents. the somatic hybrid (wlm + eur) combined both nuclear genomes of the parents, with chloroplasts and mitochondria of mandarin. variations in sugar and acid content were studied in fruit pulp during the maturing period, and the ch ...200919425535
citrus essential oils and four enantiomeric pinenes against culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae).the aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of pinenes (enantiomers of alpha- and beta-) and essential oils from greek plants of the rutaceae family against the mosquito larvae of culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae). essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation from fruit peel of orange (citrus sinensis l.), lemon (citrus limon l.), and bitter orange (citrus aurantium l.). the chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (gc/ms) analysis. citrus essentia ...200919424721
the response of citrus limon seedlings to a symbiont, glomus etunicatus, and a pathogen, radopholus similis.the influences of a vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (glomus etunicatus) and burrowing nematode (radophohts similis), alone and in combination, on the growth of rough lemon (citrus limon) seedlings were studied in the greenhouse. growth of mycorrhizal seedlings was significantly greater than that of nonmycorrhizal seedlings or seedlings inoculated with r. sindlis. mycorrhizal stimulation of seedling growth was inhibited by nematode infection. when seedlings were inoculated with g. etunicatus arid ...197919300646
the influence of glomus mosseae on tylenchulus semipenetrans-infected and uninfected citrus limon seedlings.greenhouse studies have shown that when rough lemon (citrus limon) seedlings infected with tyienchulus semipenetrans were transplanted into soil infested with glomus mosseae, the mycorrhizal fungus infection increased seedling growth compared to nonntycorrhizal seedlings. tylenchulus semipenetrans significantly suppressed seedling growth below that of mycorrhizal seedlings. histological observations of nematode-free mycorrhizal roots showed that hyphae penetrated the epidermis and invaded the co ...197919300642
influence of metalaxyl on three nematodes of citrus.metalaxyl significantly reduced population of pratylenchus coffeae, radopholus similis, and tylenchulus semipenetrans in roots of citrus limon (rough lemon) under greenhouse conditions. postinoculation treatment of rough lemon seedlings was not as effective i n reducing nematode populations as was treatment before inoculation. fewer nematodes infected metalaxyl-treated roots than nontreated roots. however, incubation of nematodes in metalaxyl did not inhibit nematode motility or their ability to ...198319295833
characterization of a new burrowing nematode population, radopholus citrophilus, from hawaii.karyotype, host preference, isozyzme patterns, morphometrics, and mating behavior of two burrowing nematode populations from hawaii, one infecting anthurium sp. and the second infecting musa sp., were compared with radopholus similis and r. citrophilus populations from florida. the population from anthurium sp. had five chromosomes (n = 5), and that from musa sp. had four (n = 4). neither of the hawaiian nematode populations persisted in roots of citrus limon or c. aurantium. anthurium clarineri ...198619294139
influence of mycorrhizal fungus, phosphorus, and burrowing nematode interactions on growth of rough lemon citrus seedlings.rough lemon seedlings were grown in mycorrhizal-infested or phosphorus-amended soil (25 and 300 mg p/kg) in greenhouse experiments. plants were inoculated with the citrus burrowing nematode, radopholus citrophilus (0, 50, 100, or 200 nematodes per pot). six months later, mycorrhizal plants and nonmycorrhizal, high-p plants had larger shoot and root weights than did non-mycorrhizal, low-p plants. burrowing nematode population densities were lower in roots of mycorrhizal or nonmycorrhizal, high-p ...198819290252
host status of citrus and citrus relatives to tylenchulus graminis.studies were conducted on the host suitability of four citrus rootstocks--rough lemon (citrus limon), sour orange (c. aurantium), trifoliate orange (poncirus trifoliata cv. argentina), and swingle citrumelo (c. paradisi x p. trifoliata)--to tylenchulus graminis which was previously considered a "grass" race of t. semipenetrans. in an uncultivated field, sour orange seedlings grown with t. graminis-infected broomsedge (andropogon virginicus) were not infected with this nematode after 18-month's e ...198919287668
a transcriptionally active copia-like retroelement in citrus limon.the plant nuclear genome is largely composed of mobile dna, which can rearrange genomes and other individual gene structure and also affect gene regulation through various promoted activities: transposition, insertion, excision, chromosome breakage, and ectopic recombination. ty1-copia-like retrotransposon is a widespread class of transposable elements in the plant kingdom, representing a large part of the total dna content. here, a novel retrotransposon-like sequence was isolated and identified ...200919115051
treatment of oral thrush in hiv/aids patients with lemon juice and lemon grass (cymbopogon citratus) and gentian violet.the purpose of the study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of lemon juice and lemon grass (cymbopogon citratus) in the treatment of oral thrush in hiv/aids patients when compared with the control group using gentian violet aqueous solution 0.5%. oral thrush is a frequent complication of hiv infection. in the moretele hospice, due to financial constraints, the treatment routinely given to patients with oral thrush is either lemon juice directly into the mouth or a lemon grass infusion ma ...200919109001
new 4'-substituted flavones from the fruit peels of citrus limon (l.) burm.f.two new 4'-substituted flavones isolated from the fruit peels of citrus limon (l.) burm.f. (rutaceae) have been characterized as 4'-(9'-ethylene-16'-methylnon-9',15'-dien-7',11'-oate)-5,7-dimethoxyflavone (limonflavonyl lactone a, 1) and 4'-(9'-ethylene-16'-methylnon-9',15'-dien-7',11'-oate)-5,7,3'-trimethoxyflavone (limonflavonyl lactone b, 2) on the basis of spectral data and chemical analyses. both the flavones are reported for the first time from a plant source.200919031257
[antioxidant properties of essential oils from lemon, grapefruit, coriander, clove, and their mixtures].antioxidant properties of individual essential oils from lemon (citrus limon l.), pink grapefruit (citrus paradise l.), coriander (coriandrum sativum l.), and clove (caryophyllus aromaticus l.) buds and their mixtures were studied by capillary gas-liquid chromatography. antioxidant activity was assessed by oxidation of the aliphatic aldehyde hexanal to the carboxylic acid. the lowest and highest antioxidant activities were exhibited by grapefruit and clove bud essential oils, respectively. mixtu ...201518924419
preference and performance of phyllocnistis citrella stainton (lepidoptera: gracillariidae) on three citrus hosts: laboratory and field assessment.the relationship between preference and performance is crucial to the ecology and evolution of plant-insect interactions. oviposition preference and offspring performance were evaluated for a citrus pest, the leafminer phyllocnistis citrella (lepidoptera: gracillariidae), on three of its host plants: lemon (citrus limon l. burm.), orange (citrus sinensis l. osbeck), and grapefruit (citrus paradisi macfadyen) in tucumán province (northwest argentina). choice and no-choice tests were performed in ...200818801269
mass trapping of prays nephelomima (lepidoptera: yponomeutidae) in citrus orchards: optimizing trap design and density.the moth prays nephelomima (meirick) (lepidoptera: yponomeutidae) is a significant pest of citrus (citrus spp.), and the recent identification of the female sex pheromone has enabled new direct control tactics to be considered. six trap designs were compared for suitability in mass trapping, and pherocon iii delta traps were chosen to further evaluate mass trapping. a mass trapping field trial was carried out at five lemon, citrus limon l., orchards to determine the effect of trap density on cat ...200818767739
influence of mitochondria origin on fruit quality in a citrus cybrid.sugar, organic acid, and carotenoid are the most important indicators of fruit taste and nutritional and organoleptic quality. these components were studied on fruit pulp of the cybrid between willow leaf mandarin ( citrus deliciosa ten.) and eureka lemon [ citrus limon (l.) burm.] and the two parents. the cybrid possessed nuclear and chloroplast genomes of eureka lemon plus mitochondria from willow leaf mandarin. the impact of new mitochondria on fruit quality was studied during the mature peri ...200818729377
citrus chlorophyllase dynamics at ethylene-induced fruit color-break: a study of chlorophyllase expression, posttranslational processing kinetics, and in situ intracellular localization.fruit color-break is the visual manifestation of the developmentally regulated transition of chloroplasts to chromoplasts during fruit ripening and often involves biosynthesis of copious amounts of carotenoids concomitant with massive breakdown of chlorophyll. regulation of chlorophyll breakdown at different physiological and developmental stages of the plant life cycle, particularly at fruit color-break, is still not well understood. here, we present the dynamics of native chlorophyllase (chlas ...200818633118
online rplc-gc via totad method to isolate (+)-methyl epijasmonate from lemon (citrus limon burm.).pure (+)-methyl epijasmonate was isolated from lemon ( citrus limon burm.) for the first time. to that aim, two commercial essential oils and one homemade extract were included in the present paper. first, a study on the appropriate chromatographic conditions to avoid the epimerization from methyl epijasmonate to the more stable methyl jasmonate was accomplished. the results obtained are discussed. the presence of (+)-methyl epijasmonate in the three samples studied was initially established thr ...200818588312
medicinal plant treatments for fleas and ear problems of cats and dogs in british columbia, canada.research conducted in 2003/2004 documented and validated (in a non-experimental way) ethnoveterinary medicines used by small-scale, organic livestock farmers in british columbia (bc), canada. interviews were conducted with 60 participants who were organic farmers or holistic medicinal/veterinary practitioners. a workshop was held with selected participants to discuss the plant-based treatments. this paper reports on the medicinal plants used for fleas in cats and dogs. fleas and flies are treate ...200818563443
involvement of limonene hydroperoxides formed after oil gland injury in the induction of defense response against penicillium digitatum in lemon fruit.the effects of wounding oil glands of lemon [citrus limon (l.) burm.] fruit were investigated. young mature-green lemons demonstrated significantly lower decay incidence than older yellow fruit when their oil glands were punctured in the presence of postharvest wound pathogen penicillium digitatum sacc. contact with the released gland content on the green lemon surface reduced the viability of p. digitatum spores approximately twice. wounding caused rapid production of limonene hydroperoxides th ...200818298064
genotype and harvest time influence the phytochemical quality of fino lemon juice (citrus limon (l.) burm. f.) for industrial use.two clonal selections of lemon tree (citrus limon burm. f. cv. fino), named fino-49-5 and fino-95, were studied to ascertain the influence of genetic (clone) and environmental (season) factors on the human-health bioactive compounds of lemon juice (vitamin c and flavonoids) and the possible relationship between composition and in vitro antioxidant capacity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), and ferric reducing antioxidant power) of the juice. ...200818254590
iron-shortage-induced increase in citric acid content and reduction of cytosolic aconitase activity in citrus fruit vesicles and calli.aconitase, which catalyses the conversion of citrate into isocitrate, requires fe for its activity. the yeast and animal enzyme loses its enzymatic activity under fe shortage and binds to rna of genes involved in fe homeostasis, altering their expression. thus, the enzyme provides a regulatory link between organic acid metabolism and fe cellular status. roots and leaves of fe-deficient plants show induction in organic acids, especially citrate. although no rna-binding activity has been so far de ...200718251926
isolation, characterization and structure-elicitor activity relationships of hibernalin and its two oxidized forms from phytophthora hibernalis carne 1925.three alpha-elicitins, named hibernalin1, hibernalin2 and hibernalin3 (hib1, hib2 and hib3, respectively), were isolated by reverse phase-low-pressure liquid chromatography from culture filtrates of phytophthora hibernalis carne 1925, the causal agent of citrus lemon brown rot. hib1 proved to be identical to syringicin previously isolated from culture filtrates of phytophthora syringae. hib2 and hib3 shared the same primary structure with hib1, but contained, at position 50, met sulphoxide or su ...200817977856
polyphenols distribution in juices from citrus allotetraploid somatic hybrids and their sexual hybrids.the polyphenol profile of an interspecific allotetraploid somatic hybrid, achieved by protoplast fusion, the 'valencia' sweet orange ( citrus sinensis l. osbeck) + 'femminello' lemon ( citrus limon l. burm), and three sexual hybrids obtained by backcrosses between femminello lemon and the allotetraploid somatic hybrid ('valencia' + 'femminello') was studied by liquid chromatography-ultraviolet-diode array detector-mass spectrometry (lc-uv-dad-ms). the aim of the work was to evaluate whether supe ...200717914878
potential perchlorate exposure from citrus sp. irrigated with contaminated water.citrus produced in the southwestern united states is often irrigated with perchlorate-contaminated water. this irrigation water includes colorado river water which is contaminated with perchlorate from a manufacturing plant previously located near the las vegas wash, and ground water from wells in riverside and san bernardino counties of california which are affected by a perchlorate plume associated with an aerospace facility once located near redlands, california. studies were conducted to eva ...200617723376
isolation of antioxidative phenolic glucosides from lemon juice and their suppressive effect on the expression of blood adhesion molecules.phenolic glucosides having radical scavenging activity were examined from the fraction eluted with 20% methanol on amberlite xad-2 resin applied to lemon (citrus limon) juice by using reversed phase chromatography. four phenolic glucosides were identified as 1-feruloyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside, 1-sinapoyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside, 6,8-di-c-glucosylapigenin and 6,8-di-c-glucosyldiosmetin by (1)h-nmr, (13)c-nmr, and ms analyses. they exhibited radical scavenging activity for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydra ...200717690486
molecular analysis of a novel tandemly organized repetitive dna sequence in citrus limon (l.) burm.repetitive sequences constitute a significant component of most eukaryotic genomes, and the isolation and characterization of repetitive dna sequences provide an insight into the organization of the genome of interest. here, we report the isolation and molecular analysis of a novel tandemly organized repetitive dna sequence from the genome of citrus limon. digestion of c. limon dna with hinf i produced a prominent fragment of approximately 300 bp. southern blotting revealed a ladder composed of ...200717666775
evaluation of different iron compounds in chlorotic italian lemon trees (citrus lemon).the severe deficiency of iron or ferric chlorosis is a serious problem of most citrus trees established in calcareous soils, as a result of the low availability of iron in these soils and the poor uptake and limited transport of this nutrient in trees. the objective of this study was to evaluate the response of chlorotic italian lemon trees (citrus lemon) to the application of iron compounds to roots and stems. on comparing the effects of aqueous solutions of ferric citrate, ferrous sulphate and ...200717467284
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