Publications

in vitro bacterial growth and in vivo ruminal microbiota populations associated with bloat in steers grazing wheat forage.	the role of ruminal bacteria in the frothy bloat complex common to cattle grazing winter wheat has not been previously determined. two experiments, one in vitro and another in vivo, were designed to elucidate the effects of fresh wheat forage on bacterial growth, biofilm complexes, rumen fermentation end products, rumen bacterial diversity, and bloat potential. in exp. 1, 6 strains of ruminal bacteria (streptococcus bovis strain 26, prevotella ruminicola strain 23, eubacterium ruminantium b1c23, ...	2006	16971591
application of pseudomurein endoisopeptidase to fluorescence in situ hybridization of methanogens within the family methanobacteriaceae.	in situ detection of methanogens within the family methanobacteriaceae is sometimes known to be unsuccessful due to the difficulty in permeability of oligonucleotide probes. pseudomurein endoisopeptidase (pei), a lytic enzyme that specifically acts on their cell walls, was applied prior to 16s rrna-targeting fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish). for this purpose, pure cultured methanogens within this family, methanobacterium bryantii, methanobrevibacter ruminantium, methanosphaera stadtmana ...	2006	16950902
[diversity and function of symbiotic microbes in the gut of lower termites].	the gut of lower termites harbor a complex microbial community, including eukaryotic flagellates and prokaryotic bacteria and archaea, which play important roles in the wood-cellulose digestion of these termites. the hindguts of lower termites are characterized with an enlarged paunch with steep oxygen and hydrogen gradient and not randomly distributed abundant microorganisms. the symbiotic flagellates in the gut of lower termites, which are normally associated with epibionts or endobionts, are ...	2006	16933630
effect of methanobrevibacter sp mf1 inoculation on glycoside hydrolase and polysaccharide depolymerase activities, wheat straw degradation and volatile fatty acid concentrations in the rumen of gnotobiotically-reared lambs.	four naturally born lambs were placed in sterile isolators 24 h after birth before the natural establishment of cellulolytic microorganisms and archaea methanogens. at the age of 6 weeks they were inoculated with pure cultures of the strains fd1 and 007 of ruminococcus flavefaciens and at the age of 4 months with a pure culture of methanobrevibacter sp. mf1. following the establishment of mf1, the population of r. flavefaciens slightly increased in the rumen of the four lambs, there was also an ...	1997	16887613
h2/co2 metabolism in acetogenic bacteria isolated from the human colon.	the present work reports on autotrophic metabolism in four h2/co2-utilizing acetogenic bacteria isolated from the human colon (two clostridium species, one streptococcus species, and ruminococcus hydrogenotrophicus). h2/co2-utilization by these human acetogenic strains occurred during both exponential and stationary phases of growth. acetate was the major metabolite produced by all isolates following the stoichiometric equation of reductive acetogenesis. furthermore, the ability of these acetoge ...	1997	16887606
carriage, quantification, and predominance of methanogens and sulfate-reducing bacteria in faecal samples.	to determine carriage rates and densities of methanogens and sulfate-reducing bacteria in adults and children using molecular methods, and to also determine if a reciprocal relationship exists between these organisms.	2006	16834722
detection of the nifh gene of methanobrevibacter smithii: a potential tool to identify sewage pollution in recreational waters.	the goal of this study was to develop and test the efficacy of a pcr assay for the environmental detection of the nifh gene of methanobrevibacter smithii, a methanogen found in human faeces and sewage.	2006	16834590
a humanized gnotobiotic mouse model of host-archaeal-bacterial mutualism.	our colons harbor trillions of microbes including a prominent archaeon, methanobrevibacter smithii. to examine the contributions of archaea to digestive health, we colonized germ-free mice with bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, an adaptive bacterial forager of the polysaccharides that we consume, with or without m. smithii or the sulfate-reducing bacterium desulfovibrio piger. whole-genome transcriptional profiling of b. thetaiotaomicron, combined with mass spectrometry, revealed that, unlike d. pig ...	2006	16782812
16s ribosomal dna-directed pcr primers for ruminal methanogens and identification of methanogens colonising young lambs.	the population densities and identities of methanogens colonising new-born lambs in a grazing flock were determined from rumen samples collected at regular intervals after birth. methanogen colonisation was found at the first sampling (1-3 days after birth) and population densities reached around 10(4) methanogens per gram at 1 week of age. population densities increased in an exponential manner to a maximum of 10(8)-10(9) per gram at 3 weeks of age. to identify methanogens, pcr primers specific ...	2004	16701528
dynamics of a pig slurry microbial community during anaerobic storage and management.	the microbial community of a pig slurry on a farm was monitored for 6 months using both molecular and cultural approaches. sampling was carried out at all the different stages of effluent handling, from the rearing build-up to slurry spreading. total dna of each sample was extracted and analyzed by pcr-single-strand conformation polymorphism (sscp) analysis using primers targeting the 16s rrna genes from the archaeal and bacterial domains and also the eubacterium-clostridium, bacillus-streptococ ...	2006	16672505
purification and characterization of fe-containing superoxide dismutase from methanobrevibacter arboriphilus strain az.	superoxide dismutase (sod) was purified from cells of the strict anaerobic methanogenic archaeon methanobrevibacter arboriphilus strain az. the four-step purification procedure resulted in enzyme with specific activity of 3970 units/mg and yield of 22%. it was shown that the sod is a fe-containing homotetramer composed of subunits of 21.2 kd each. sodium azide (13.5 mm), unlike kcn, inhibits the activity of the sod. hydrogen peroxide (0.5 mm) inactivates the enzyme, which is consistent with the ...	2006	16615865
identification and quantification of archaea involved in primary endodontic infections.	members of the domain archaea, one of the three domains of life, are a highly diverse group of prokaryotes, distinct from bacteria and eukaryotes. despite their abundance and ubiquity on earth, including their close association with humans, animals, and plants, so far no pathogenic archaea have been described. as some archaea live in close proximity to anaerobic bacteria, for instance, in the human gut system and in periodontal pockets, the aim of our study was to assess whether archaea might po ...	2006	16597851
anaerobic transformation of furfural by methanococcus deltae (delta)lh.	methanococcus deltae (delta)lh was grown on h(inf2)-co(inf2) in the presence of various concentrations of furfural. furfural at higher concentrations, namely, 20 and 25 mm, inhibited growth of this organism. at concentration of 5 and 10 mm, no inhibition of growth was observed. the other methanogens in this study were not inhibited by 10 mm furfural. among the methanogens tested, m. deltae was capable of transforming furfural, whereas methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum marburg, methanosarcina ...	1997	16535618
salt tolerance of archaeal extremely halophilic lipid membranes.	the membranes of extremely halophilic archaea are characterized by the abundance of a diacidic phospholipid, archaetidylglycerol methylphosphate (pgp-me), which accounts for 50-80 mol% of the polar lipids, and by the absence of phospholipids with choline, ethanolamine, inositol, and serine head groups. these membranes are stable in concentrated 3-5 m nacl solutions, whereas membranes of non-halophilic archaea, which do not contain pgp-me, are unstable and leaky under such conditions. by x-ray di ...	2006	16484230
16s rdna directed pcr primers and detection of methanogens in the bovine rumen.	to assess the diversity of ruminal methanogens in a grazing cow, and develop pcr primers targeting the predominant methanogens.	2006	16478508
h2 and acetate transfers during xylan fermentation between a butyrate-producing xylanolytic species and hydrogenotrophic microorganisms from the human gut.	the aim of this work was to investigate in vitro interrelationships during xylan fermentation between an h2 and butyrate-producing xylanolytic species recently isolated in our laboratory from human faeces and identified as roseburia intestinalis and the h2-utilizing acetogen ruminococcus hydrogenotrophicus or the methanogen methanobrevibacter smithii. h2 transfer between m. smithii or ru. hydrogenotrophicus and the xylanolytic species was evidenced, confirming the great potential of these h2-con ...	2006	16451188
anaerobic degradation of propionate by a mesophilic acetogenic bacterium in coculture and triculture with different methanogens.	a mesophilic acetogenic bacterium (mpob) oxidized propionate to acetate and co(2) in cocultures with the formate- and hydrogen-utilizing methanogens methanospirillum hungatei and methanobacterium formicicum. propionate oxidation did not occur in cocultures with two methanobrevibacter strains, which grew only with hydrogen. tricultures consisting of mpob, one of the methanobrevibacter strains, and organisms which are able to convert formate into h(2) plus co(2) (desulfovibrio strain g11 or the ho ...	1994	16349350
influence of metronidazole, co, co(2), and methanogens on the fermentative metabolism of the anaerobic fungus neocallimastix sp. strain l2.	the effects of metronidazole, co, methanogens, and co(2) on the fermentation of glucose by the anaerobic fungus neocallimastix sp. strain l2 were investigated. both metronidazole and co caused a shift in the fermentation products from predominantly h(2), acetate, and formate to lactate as the major product and caused a lower glucose consumption rate and cell protein yield. an increased lactate dehydrogenase activity and a decreased hydrogenase activity were observed in cells grown under both cul ...	1993	16349022
diversity and population dynamics of methanogenic bacteria in a granular consortium.	upflow anaerobic sludge blanket bioreactor granules were used as an experimental model microbial consortium to study the dynamics and distribution of methanogens. immunologic methods revealed a considerable diversity of methanogens that was greater in mesophilic granules than in the same granules 4 months after a temperature shift from 38 to 55 degrees c. during this period, the sizes of the methanogenic subpopulations changed with distinctive profiles after the initial reduction caused by the s ...	1991	16348508
quantitative microbiological analysis of bacterial community shifts in a high-rate anaerobic bioreactor treating sulfite evaporator condensate.	the bacterial population of a high-rate, anaerobic, fixed-bed loop reactor treating sulfite evaporator condensate from the pulp industry was studied over a 14-month period. this period was divided into seven cycles that included a startup at the beginning of each cycle. some 82% of the total biomass was immobilized on and between the porous glass rings filling the reactor. the range of the total number of microorganisms in these biofilms was 2 x 10 to 7 x 10 cells per ml. enumeration and charact ...	1990	16348253
effect of methanobrevibacter smithii on xylanolytic activity of anaerobic ruminal fungi.	three different ruminal anaerobic fungi, neocallimastix frontalis pnk2, sphaeromonas communis b7, and piromonas communis b19, were grown axenically or in coculture with methanobrevibacter smithii on xylan. n. frontalis and s. communis in monoculture and coculture accumulated xylobiose, xylose, and arabinose in the growth medium; arabinose was not metabolized, but xylobiose and xylose were subsequently used. the transient accumulation of xylose was much less evident in cocultures. both the rate a ...	1990	16348244
shifts in methanogenic subpopulations measured with antibody probes in a fixed-bed loop anaerobic bioreactor treating sulfite evaporator condensate.	a fixed-bed loop, high-rate anaerobic bioreactor treating sulfite evaporator condensate was sampled when it reached steady state and afterwards following perturbations during a 14-month period. by using immunotechnology, it was observed that shifts in methanogenic subpopulations occurred in association with perturbations, such as restarting and relocating the biomass into a different tank. methanogens related to methanobacterium bryantii mohg and methanobrevibacter smithii ali were numerous thro ...	1989	16347990
direct characterization of methanogens in two high-rate anaerobic biological reactors.	the methanogenic flora from two types of turbulent, high-rate reactors was studied by immunologic methods as well as by phase-contrast, fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy. the reactors were a fluidized sand-bed biofilm anitron reactor and an ultrafiltration membrane-associated suspended growth mars reactor (both trademarks of air products and chemicals, inc., allentown, pa.). conventional microscopic methods revealed complex mixtures of microbes of a range of sizes and shapes, among ...	1988	16347581
quantitative immunologic analysis of the methanogenic flora of digestors reveals a considerable diversity.	to determine which methanogens occur in digestors, we performed a quantitative immunologic analysis of a variety of samples. a comprehensive panel of calibrated polyclonal antibody probes of predefined specificity spectra was used. this allowed precise identification of bacteria by antigenic fingerprinting. a considerable diversity of methanogens was uncovered, much larger than previously reported, encompassing at least 14 strains of 11 species. strategies were developed to measure the load of a ...	1988	16347541
gelrite as an agar substitute for the cultivation of mesophilic methanobacterium and methanobrevibacter species.	gelrite was evaluated as a gelling agent for the growth of mesophilic methanobacterium and methanobrevibacter species. gelrite was shown to be superior to agar in its gel strength and clarity. viable cell counts and colony sizes of methanobacterium species were greater on gelrite-based medium compared with agar-based medium.	1985	16346906
fermentation of cellulose to methane and carbon dioxide by a rumen anaerobic fungus in a triculture with methanobrevibacter sp. strain ra1 and methanosarcina barkeri.	the fermentation of cellulose by a rumen anaerobic fungus in the presence of methanobrevibacter sp. strain ra1 and methanosarcina barkeri strain 227 resulted in the formation of 2 mol each of methane and carbon dioxide per mol of hexose fermented. coculture of the fungus with either methanobrevibacter sp. or m. barkeri produced 0.6 and 1.3 mol of methane per mol of hexose, respectively. acetate, formate, ethanol, hydrogen, and lactate, which are major end products of cellulose fermentation by th ...	1982	16346048
anaerobic degradation of lactate by syntrophic associations of methanosarcina barkeri and desulfovibrio species and effect of h(2) on acetate degradation.	when grown in the absence of added sulfate, cocultures of desulfovibrio desulfuricans or desulfovibrio vulgaris with methanobrevibacter smithii (methanobacterium ruminantium), which uses h(2) and co(2) for methanogenesis, degraded lactate, with the production of acetate and ch(4). when d. desulfuricans or d. vulgaris was grown in the absence of added sulfate in coculture with methanosarcina barkeri (type strain), which uses both h(2)-co(2) and acetate for methanogenesis, lactate was stoichiometr ...	1981	16345708
characterization of a 4-methylbenzoate-degrading methanogenic consortium as determined by small-subunit rdna sequence analysis.	a methanogenic consortium that degrades 4-methylbenzoate (mba) as the sole carbon and energy source was successfully enriched in an upflow anaerobic sludge bed bioreactor and studied. electron microscopic observation showed that long rods with a distinct collar feature resembling desulfomonile tiedjei rods were the predominant population, and that these rods formed a close spatial orientation with methanobrevibacter-like bacteria. in addition, thin filaments and bamboo-shaped filaments that high ...	2001	16233021
structure and topology of microbial communities in the major gut compartments of melolontha melolontha larvae (coleoptera: scarabaeidae).	physicochemical gut conditions and the composition and topology of the intestinal microbiota in the major gut compartments of the root-feeding larva of the european cockchafer (melolontha melolontha) were studied. axial and radial profiles of ph, o2, h2, and redox potential were measured with microsensors. terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (t-rflp) analysis of bacterial 16s rrna genes in midgut samples of individual larvae revealed a simple but variable and probably nonspecific c ...	2005	16085849
the first true obligately syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacterium, pelotomaculum schinkii sp. nov., co-cultured with methanospirillum hungatei, and emended description of the genus pelotomaculum.	a gram-positive, spore-forming, syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacterium, pelotomaculum schinkii sp. nov. strain hh(t), was isolated as a co-culture with methanospirillum hungatei jf-1(t) from anaerobic, freeze-dried granular sludge obtained from an upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor treating sugar beet wastewater. the bacterium converted propionate to acetate in co-culture with methanospirillum hungatei jf-1(t) or methanobacterium formicicum mf(nt), but not in co-culture with methanobrevibact ...	2005	16014504
development of methods for the detection and quantification of 7alpha-dehydroxylating clostridia, desulfovibrio vulgaris, methanobrevibacter smithii, and lactobacillus plantarum in human feces.	mounting evidence suggests a relationship between bacterial metabolism of certain dietary and endogenous factors and the development of colorectal cancer. deoxycholic acid (dca) is a well studied co-carcinogen and bio-transformation product of 7alpha-dehydroxylating clostridia. h2s is a cytotoxic metabolite produced primarily by sulfate-reducing bacteria (srb). the production of methane indicates low levels of active srb. lactic acid bacteria (lab) have received attention recently due to their p ...	2005	15963794
diversity of the human intestinal microbial flora.	the human endogenous intestinal microflora is an essential "organ" in providing nourishment, regulating epithelial development, and instructing innate immunity; yet, surprisingly, basic features remain poorly described. we examined 13,355 prokaryotic ribosomal rna gene sequences from multiple colonic mucosal sites and feces of healthy subjects to improve our understanding of gut microbial diversity. a majority of the bacterial sequences corresponded to uncultivated species and novel microorganis ...	2005	15831718
archaeosomes varying in lipid composition differ in receptor-mediated endocytosis and differentially adjuvant immune responses to entrapped antigen.	archaeosomes prepared from total polar lipids extracted from six archaeal species with divergent lipid compositions had the capacity to deliver antigen for presentation via both mhc class i and class ii pathways. lipid extracts from halobacterium halobium and from halococcus morrhuae strains 14039 and 16008 contained archaetidylglycerol methylphosphate and sulfated glycolipids rich in mannose residues, and lacked archaetidylserine, whereas the opposite was found in methanobrevibacter smithii, me ...	2003	15803661
detection of methanogens and proteobacteria from a single cell of rumen ciliate protozoa.	rumen ciliate-associated bacteria and methanogenic archaea were analyzed by a 16s rrna gene retrieved from a single cell of polyplastron multivesiculatum, isotricha intestinalis, and ophryoscolex purkynjei. rumen fluid was taken from a ruminally fistulated goat to prepare a ciliate fraction. ciliate mixtures were incubated under mixtures of antibiotics for 48 h to eliminate extracellular bacteria. individual cells of rumen ciliates were selected under microscopic observation after fixation with ...	2004	15754246
archaeosomes as adjuvants for combination vaccines.	the present study evaluated the potential of archaesomes, prepared from the total polar lipids extracted from methanobrevibacter smithii, as adjuvants for combination (multivalent) vaccines. groups of balb/c mice were immunized subcutaneously at day 0 and 21 with one of the following vaccines: trivalent vaccine formulated by the simultaneous co-encapsulation of bovine serum albumine (bsa), ovalbumin (ova) and hen egg lysozyme (hel) into archaeosomes (cec vaccine); an univalent archaeosome vaccin ...	2004	15676126
application of methanobrevibacter acididurans in anaerobic digestion.	to operate anaerobic digesters successfully under acidic conditions, hydrogen utilizing methanogens which can grow efficiently at low ph and tolerate high volatile fatty acids (vfa) are desirable. an acid tolerant hydrogenotrophic methanogen viz. methanobrevibacter acididurans isolated from slurry of an anaerobic digester running on alcohol distillery wastewater has been described earlier by this lab. this organism could grow optimally at ph 6.0. in the experiments reported herein, m. acididuran ...	2004	15536997
reducing methane emissions in sheep by immunization against rumen methanogens.	this work was conducted to determine if methane emissions from sheep immunized with an anti-methanogen vaccine were significantly lower than methane emissions from non-immunized sheep, to test the effectiveness of two different vaccine formulations (vf) on methane abatement, and to compare methane emissions measured using a closed-circuit respiration chamber and the sulphur-hexafluoride (sf6) tracer technique. thirty mature wether sheep were randomly allocated to three treatment groups (n = 10). ...	2004	15364447
f420h2 oxidase (fpra) from methanobrevibacter arboriphilus, a coenzyme f420-dependent enzyme involved in o2 detoxification.	cell suspensions of methanobrevibacter arboriphilus catalyzed the reduction of o(2) with h(2) at a maximal specific rate of 0.4 u (micromol/min) per mg protein with an apparent k(m) for o(2) of 30 microm. the reaction was not inhibited by cyanide. the oxidase activity was traced back to a coenzyme f(420)-dependent enzyme that was purified to apparent homogeneity and that catalyzed the oxidation of 2 f(420)h(2) with 1 o(2) to 2 f(420) and 2 h(2)o. the apparent k(m) for f(420) was 30 microm and th ...	2004	15340796
phylogenetic analysis of methyl coenzyme-m reductase detected from the bovine rumen.	the object of the present study is isolation of methyl coenzyme-m reductase (mcr) genes (mcra) from the bovine rumen fluid and determination of phylogenetical placements of the genes to investigate mechanisms of methanogenesis in the rumen from a point of view of mcra genes.	2004	15287871
effects of several inhibitors on pure cultures of ruminal methanogens.	to examine the effects of five inhibitors of methanogenesis, 2-bromoethanesulphonate (bes), 3-bromopropanesulphonate (bps), lumazine, propynoic acid and ethyl 2-butynoate, on ch4 production of the ruminal methanogens methanobrevibacter ruminantium, methanosarcina mazei and methanomicrobium mobile.	2004	15281932
microbial monitoring by molecular tools of a two-phase anaerobic bioreactor treating fruit and vegetable wastes.	microbial consortia in a two-phase, anaerobic bioreactor using a mixture of fruit and vegetable wastes were established. bacterial and archaeal communities obtained by a culture-independent approach based on single strand conformation polymorphism analysis of total 16s rdna showed the adaptation of the microflora to the process parameters. throughout the 90 d of the study, the species composition of the bacterial community changed significantly. bacterial 16s rdna showed at least 7 different maj ...	2004	15269562
comparison of euryarchaea strains in the guts and food-soil of the soil-feeding termite cubitermes fungifaber across different soil types.	termites are an important component of tropical soil communities and have a significant effect on the structure and nutrient content of soil. digestion in termites is related to gut structure, gut physicochemical conditions, and gut symbiotic microbiota. here we describe the use of 16s rrna gene sequencing and terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (t-rflp) analysis to examine methanogenic archaea (ma) in the guts and food-soil of the soil-feeder cubitermes fungifaber sjostedt across ...	2004	15240259
phosphatidylserine receptor-mediated recognition of archaeosome adjuvant promotes endocytosis and mhc class i cross-presentation of the entrapped antigen by phagosome-to-cytosol transport and classical processing.	archaeal isopranoid glycerolipid vesicles (archaeosomes) serve as strong adjuvants for cell-mediated responses to entrapped ag. we analyzed the processing pathway of ova entrapped in archaeosomes composed of methanobrevibacter smithii lipids, high in archaetidylserine (ova-archaeosomes). in vitro, ova-archaeosomes stimulated spleen cells from ova-tcr-transgenic mice, d011.10 (cd4(+) cells expressing ova(323-339) tcr) or ot1 (>90% cd8(+) ova(257-264) cells), indicating both mhc class i and ii pre ...	2004	15210818
archaeosomes as self-adjuvanting delivery systems for cancer vaccines.	archaeal ether glycerolipid vesicles (archaeosomes) efficiently deliver exogenous antigen for induction of humoral and cell-mediated immunity. because induction of cd8 cytotoxic t cells is critical for protective vaccination against tumors, we compared the ability of various archaeosome lipid compositions to evoke a strong cd8 ctl response to entrapped antigen. subcutaneous immunization of mice with ovalbumin (ova) entrapped in all archaeosome lipid compositions evoked a primary (day 10) splenic ...	2003	15203920
comparison of 16s rrna gene sequences of genus methanobrevibacter.	the phylogeny of the genus methanobrevibacter was established almost 25 years ago on the basis of the similarities of the 16s rrna oligonucleotide catalogs. since then, many 16s rrna gene sequences of newly isolated strains or clones representing the genus methanobrevibacter have been deposited. we tried to reorganize the 16s rrna gene sequences of this genus and revise the taxonomic affiliation of the isolates and clones representing the genus methanobrevibacter.	2004	15128464
[susceptibility of archaea to the antibiotic effect of the parasporal inclusion proteins from bacillus thuringiensis subspecies].	the proteins of parasporal inclusions from three bacillus thuringiensis subspecies (kurstaki, amagiensis, and monterrey) inhibited growth of methanogenic archaea of two species belonging to two genera, methanobrevibacter arboriphilus and methanosarcina barkeri. the minimal inhibitory concentrations of these proteins were 20 to 50 micrograms/ml. lysozyme exhibited similar bactericidal effect on archaea. the perspective of comparative studies on the effect of polyfunctional proteins on bacteria an ...	2004	15074036
methanogenic archaea and human periodontal disease.	archaea have been isolated from the human colon, vagina, and oral cavity, but have not been established as causes of human disease. in this study, we reveal a relationship between the severity of periodontal disease and the relative abundance of archaeal small subunit ribosomal rna genes (ssu rdna) in the subgingival crevice by using quantitative pcr. furthermore, the relative abundance of archaeal small subunit rdna decreased at treated sites in association with clinical improvement. archaea we ...	2004	15067114
molecular diversity of rumen methanogens from sheep in western australia.	the molecular diversity of rumen methanogens in sheep in australia was investigated by using individual 16s rrna gene libraries prepared from the rumen contents obtained from six merino sheep grazing pasture (326 clones), six sheep fed an oaten hay-based diet (275 clones), and five sheep fed a lucerne hay-based diet (132 clones). a total of 733 clones were examined, and the analysis revealed 65 phylotypes whose sequences (1,260 bp) were similar to those of cultivated methanogens belonging to the ...	2004	15006742
archaeobacterial ether lipid liposomes as vaccine adjuvants.		2003	14714403
improved strategy for presumptive identification of methanogens using 16s riboprinting.	the predicted 16s riboprint patterns of 10 restriction endonucleases for 26 diverse methanogens were compared to actual patterns produced on agarose gels. the observed patterns corroborated the expected riboprints. our analyses confirmed that the endonuclease haeiii gave the best results generating 15 different riboprint sets. six of these 15 riboprints represented more than one strain. of these, three riboprint sets were further differentiated: methanomicrobium mobile, methanolacinia paynteri, ...	2003	14529955
archaeosomes induce enhanced cytotoxic t lymphocyte responses to entrapped soluble protein in the absence of interleukin 12 and protect against tumor challenge.	archaeosome adjuvants formulated as archaeal ether glycerolipid vesicles induce strong cd4(+) as well as cd8(+) ctl responses to entrapped soluble antigens. immunization of mice with ovalbumin (ova) entrapped in archaeosomes composed of the total polar lipids of methanobrevibacter smithii resulted in a potent ova-specific cd8(+) t-cell response, and subsequently, the mice dramatically resisted solid tumor growth of ova-expressing eg.7 cells and lung metastasis of b16ova melanoma cells. prophylac ...	2003	12750276
safety of archaeosome adjuvants evaluated in a mouse model.	archaeosomes, liposomes prepared from the polar ether lipids extracted from archaea, demonstrate great potential as immunomodulating carriers of soluble antigens, promoting humoral and cell mediated immunity in the vaccinated host. the safety of unilamellar archaeosomes prepared from the total polar lipids (tpl) of halobacterium salinarum, methanobrevibacter smithii or thermoplasma acidophilum was evaluated in female balb/c mice using ovalbumin (ova) as the model antigen. groups of 6-8 mice were ...	2002	12519630
isolation of methanobrevibacter sp. as a ciliate-associated ruminal methanogen.		1999	12501401
modulation of decompression sickness risk in pigs with caffeine during h(2) biochemical decompression.	in h(2) biochemical decompression, h(2)-metabolizing intestinal microbes remove gas stored in tissues of animals breathing hyperbaric h(2), thereby reducing decompression sickness (dcs) risk. we hypothesized that increasing intestinal perfusion in pigs would increase the activity of intestinal methanobrevibacter smithii, lowering dcs incidence further. pigs (sus scrofa, 17-23 kg, n = 20) that ingested caffeine (5 mg/kg) increased o(2) consumption rate in 1 atm air by ~20% for at least 3 h. pigs ...	2002	12381741
methanobrevibacter acididurans sp. nov., a novel methanogen from a sour anaerobic digester.	a novel acid-tolerant, hydrogenotrophic methanogen, isolate atmt, was obtained from an enrichment performed at ph 5.0 using slurry from an acidogenic digester running on alcohol distillery waste. the original ph of the slurry was 5.7 and the volatile fatty acid concentration was 9000 p.p.m. cells of isolate atmt were gram-positive, non-motile and 0.3-0.5 microm in size. they did not form spores. the isolate could grow in the ph range 5.0-7.5, with maximum growth at ph 6.0. the optimum temperatur ...	2002	12148611
[catalase and superoxide dismutase in the cells of strictly anaerobic microorganisms].	strictly anaerobic microorganisms relating to various physiological groups were screened for catalase and superoxide dismutase (sod) activity. all of the investigated anaerobes possessed the sod activity, necessary for protection against toxic products of oxygen reduction. high specific activities of sod were found in acetobacterium woodii and acetobacterium wieringae. most of the investigated clostridia and acetogens were catalase-negative. a significant activity of catalase was found in thermo ...	2002	12138753
description of methanobrevibacter gottschalkii sp. nov., methanobrevibacter thaueri sp. nov., methanobrevibacter woesei sp. nov. and methanobrevibacter wolinii sp. nov..	formal nomenclature is proposed for five methanogens, isolated from horse, pig, cow, goose and sheep faeces, that represent four novel species of the genus methanobrevibacter. the four species, methanobrevibacter gottschalkii sp. nov., methanobrevibacter thaueri sp. nov., methanobrevibacter woesei sp. nov. and methanobrevibacter wolinii sp. nov., are distinguished from each other by a lack of genomic dna reassociation and from previously described members of the genus on the basis of differences ...	2002	12054244
degradation of fresh ryegrass by methanogenic co-cultures of ruminal fungi grown in the presence or absence of fibrobacter succinogenes.	the ability of five ruminal fungi in syntrophic co-culture with the methanogen methanobrevibacter smithii to degrade perennial ryegrass ( lolium perenne) stem fragments and leaf blades was studied to determine the susceptibilities of non-autoclaved fresh tissues to fungal degradation. autoclaving did not significantly increase fungal degradation of stem fragments but strongly increased degradation of leaf blades by a species of caecomyces. in methanogenic co-cultures, non-autoclaved stem fragmen ...	2002	12029527
the effect of polymer addition on granulation in an anaerobic baffled reactor (abr). part ii: compartmentalization of bacterial populations.	the microbial ecology of wastewater treatment plants remains one of the least understood aspects in both aerobic and anaerobic systems, despite the fact that both processes are ultimately dependent on an active biomass for operational efficiency. ultimately, future developments in anaerobic treatment processes will require a much greater understanding of the fundamental relationships between bacterial populations within the biomass if optimum process efficiency is to be fully realised. this stud ...	2002	11848365
interspecies h2 transfer in cellulose degradation between fibrolytic bacteria and h2-utilizing microorganisms from the human colon.	interspecies h2 transfer between two newly isolated fibrolytic strains (18p13 and 18p16) and h2-utilizing methanogen or acetogen from the human colon was investigated during in vitro cellulose degradation. both h2-consuming microorganisms utilized efficiently h2 produced from cellulose fermentation by the fibrolytic species. h2 utilization by methanobrevibacter smithii did not change the metabolism and the cellulolytic activity of strain 18p16 whereas it induced a metabolic shift in strain 18p13 ...	2001	11750804
increasing activity of h(2)-metabolizing microbes lowers decompression sickness risk in pigs during h(2) dives.	the risk of decompression sickness (dcs) was modulated by varying the biochemical activity used to eliminate some of the hydrogen (h(2)) stored in the tissues of pigs (19.4 +/- 0.2 kg) during hyperbaric exposures to h(2). treated pigs (n = 16) received intestinal injections of methanobrevibacter smithii, a microbe that metabolizes h(2) to water and ch(4). surgical controls (n = 10) received intestinal injections of saline, and an additional control group (n = 10) was untreated. pigs were placed ...	2001	11717238
characterization of a heme-dependent catalase from methanobrevibacter arboriphilus.	recently it was reported that methanogens of the genus methanobrevibacter exhibit catalase activity. this was surprising, since methanobrevibacter species belong to the order methanobacteriales, which are known not to contain cytochromes and to lack the ability to synthesize heme. we report here that methanobrevibacter arboriphilus strains az and dh1 contained catalase activity only when the growth medium was supplemented with hemin. the heme catalase was purified and characterized, and the enco ...	2001	11425719
inhibition of growth of methane-producing bacteria of the ruminant forestomach by hydroxymethylglutaryl-scoa reductase inhibitors.	two hydroxymethylglutaryl-scoa (hmg-coa) reductase inhibitors, mevastatin and lovastatin, inhibited the in vitro growth and production of ch4 of strains of methanobrevibacter isolated from the rumen. mevastatin or lovastatin did not inhibit growth of species of rumen bacteria that are essential for fermenting cellulose, starch and other plant polysaccharides to acetate, propionate, and butyrate. approximately 4 nmol of lovastatin per milliliter resulted in 50% growth inhibition of methanobreviba ...	2001	11417704
phylogenetic analysis of archaeal 16s rrna libraries from the rumen suggests the existence of a novel group of archaea not associated with known methanogens.	molecular diversity of rumen archaea was analyzed by pcr amplification and sequencing of two 16s rrna clone libraries prepared from the bovine rumen fluid using two different archaea-specific primer sets. the first library of 19 clones which was generated with primers d30 and d33, produced essentially two groups of sequences, one affiliated with methanomicrobium mobile (21% of clones) and the other -- with the uncultured archaeal sequences from anaerobic digester, which are distantly associated ...	2001	11410351
phylogenetic analysis of methanogens from the bovine rumen.	interest in methanogens from ruminants has resulted from the role of methane in global warming and from the fact that cattle typically lose 6 % of ingested energy as methane. several species of methanogens have been isolated from ruminants. however they are difficult to culture, few have been consistently found in high numbers, and it is likely that major species of rumen methanogens are yet to be identified.	2001	11384509
steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopy of f420 extracted from methanogen cells and its utility as a marker for fecal contamination.	methanogenic bacteria, which are common inhabitants of the animal digestive tract, contain the fluorescent compound f420 (coenzyme 420), a 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin chromophore. f420 was characterized as an initial step in determining if this compound would be useful as a fluorescent marker for the detection of fecal and ingesta contamination. using a single anion exchange chromatographic process, f420 was separated from other cell components of a methanobrevibacter sp. cell cul ...	2001	11312822
isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of fecal strains of the archaeon methanobrevibacter smithii.	the archaeon methanobrevibacter smithii is regarded as part of the indigenous microflora of the human intestine but may be connected with pathological conditions. the microbe is extremely oxygen intolerant and is not detectable by anaerobic culture techniques for bacteria. accordingly, to date quantitative antimicrobial susceptibility data of human isolates are missing.	2001	11306786
identification of archaeal rdna from subgingival dental plaque by pcr amplification and sequence analysis.	a pcr assay for the amplification of small subunit ribosomal dna (ssu rdna) of euryarchaea was developed and used to detect archaeal rdna in 37 (77%) out of 48 pooled subgingival plaque samples from 48 patients suffering from periodontal disease. one major group of cloned periodontal sequences was identical to methanobrevibacter oralis and a second minor group to methanobrevibacter smithii. these two groups and a third novel group were found to be more than 98% similar to each other over an 0.65 ...	2001	11267768
molecular phylogeny of methanogens associated with flagellated protists in the gut and with the gut epithelium of termites.	the molecular phylogeny of methanogenic archaea associated with the flagellated protist species dinenympha and microjoenia in the gut of termites, reticulitermes speratus and hodotermopsis sjoestedti, and those attached to the gut epithelium was examined based on pcr-amplified small-subunit ribosomal rna genes. the sequences identified were classified into six groups within the genus methanobrevibacter, including groups of yet uncharacterized novel species. closely related methanogens were share ...	2000	11098074
anaerobic bioconversion of cellulose by ruminococcus albus, methanobrevibacter smithii, and methanosarcina barkeri.	a system is described that combines the fermentation of cellulose to acetate, ch4, and co2 by ruminococcus albus and methanobrevibacter smithii with the fermentation of acetate to ch4 and co2 by methanosarcina barkeri to convert cellulose to ch4 and co2. a cellulose-containing medium was pumped into a co-culture of the cellulolytic r. albus and the h2-using methanogen, mb. smithii. the effluent was fed into a holding reservoir, adjusted to ph 4.5, and then pumped into a culture of ms. barkeri ma ...	2000	11092623
phylogenetic analysis of methanogens in sheep rumen ecosystem and detection of methanomicrobium mobile by fluorescence in situ hybridization.	the population of methanogens in the sheep rumen microbial ecosystem was studied by using 16s rdna cloning analysis, epifluorescence microscopy (which detects autofluorescence of a specific cofactor f420 in methanogens) and the 16s rrna-targeted in situ hybridization technique. the 16s rdna clone libraries were constructed by pcr amplification with an archaea-specific primer set and partial sequencing of the clonal 16s rdnas was done. phylogenetic analysis indicated that the clones were affiliat ...	2000	10993166
effects of the fusarium spp. mycotoxins fusaric acid and deoxynivalenol on the growth of ruminococcus albus and methanobrevibacter ruminantium.	the fusarium spp. mycotoxins fusaric acid and deoxynivalenol (don) were tested for antimicrobial activity against ruminococcus albus and methanobrevibacter ruminantium. the growth of both organisms was inhibited by fusaric acid as low as 15 micrograms/ml (84 microm) but not by don, at levels as high as 100 micrograms/ml (338 microm). no synergistic inhibitory effect was observed with don plus fusaric acid. neither organism was able to adapt to the fusaric acid and responses of each organism to t ...	2000	10941514
the effect of a methanogen, methanobrevibacter smithii, on the growth rate, organic acid production, and specific atp activity of three predominant ruminal cellulolytic bacteria.	three predominant ruminal cellulolytic organisms, fibrobacter succinogenes s85, ruminococcus albus 8, and r. flavefaciens fd-1, were cultured with a methanogen, methanobrevibacter smithii. growth rates, bacterial protein, organic acids, and methane production were measured. when grown in diculture with the methanogen, a fermentative advantage was observed with f. succinogenes s85 as seen by an increase in specific rate of atp production and organic acid concentration. the introduction of the met ...	2000	10679049
a structural comparison of the total polar lipids from the human archaea methanobrevibacter smithii and methanosphaera stadtmanae and its relevance to the adjuvant activities of their liposomes.	mice were immunized with bovine serum albumin (bsa) entrapped within archaeosomes (i.e. liposomes) composed of the total polar lipids (tpl) from the two methanogenic archaea common to the human digestive tract. methanobrevibacter smithii archaeosomes boosted serum anti-bsa antibody to titers comparable to those achieved with freund's adjuvant, whereas methanosphaera stadtmanae archaeosomes were relatively poor adjuvants. an explanation for this difference was sought by analysis of the polar lipi ...	1999	10521711
phylogenetic diversity of methanogenic archaea in swine waste storage pits.	total dna was isolated from swine feces and a swine waste storage pit and used as templates for pcr amplification of archaeal 16 rdna using specific primers. only the sample from the center of the waste pit produced a pcr product. dna sequence analyses of random clones demonstrated a variety of methanogenic archaea. six groups of sequences were identified, including those similar to methanobrevibacter sp., methanocorpusculum sp., and methanoculleus sp. three groups of sequences represented unide ...	1999	10518719
phylogenetic study of methanogens associated with rumen ciliates.	the phylogeny of methanogenic archaea associated with ciliate protozoa in a sheep rumen was investigated. ruminal ciliate protozoa were exhaustively washed and mixtures of genomic dna extracted. archaea-specific nested pcr amplification was conducted with the ciliate genomic mixture. the resultant small subunit (16s) ribosomal rna gene (ssu rdna) was cloned into escherichia coli jm 109. many methanogens were still observed on and/or in ciliate cells by fluorescent microscopy even after exhaustiv ...	1999	10441724
phylogenetic relationships of symbiotic methanogens in diverse termites.	termites harbor symbiotic microorganisms in their gut which emit methane. the phylogeny of the termite methanogens was inferred without cultivation based on nucleotide sequences of pcr-amplified 16s ribosomal rna genes. seven methanogen sequences from four termite species were newly isolated, and together with those previously published, these sequences were phylogenetically compared. the termite methanogen sequences were divided into three clusters. two clusters of sequences, derived from the g ...	1999	10077839
phylogenetic diversity of symbiotic methanogens living in the hindgut of the lower termite reticulitermes speratus analyzed by pcr and in situ hybridization.	a phylogenetic analysis of the sequences of 60 clones of archaeal small-subunit rrna genes amplified from the termite reticulitermes speratus revealed that most of them (56 clones) clustered in the genus methanobrevibacter. three clones were classified in the order thermoplasmales. the methanobrevibacter-related symbionts were detected by in situ hybridization analysis.	1999	9925625
decompression sickness risk in rats by microbial removal of dissolved gas.	we present a method for reducing the risk of decompression sickness (dcs) in rats exposed to high pressures of h2. suspensions of the human colonic microbe methanobrevibacter smithii were introduced via a colonic cannula into the large intestines of the rats. while the rats breathed h2 in a hyperbaric chamber, the microbe metabolized some of the h2 diffusing into the intestine, converting h2 and co2 to methane and water. rate of release of methane from the rats, which was monitored by gas chroma ...	1998	9728062
methanogenic bacteria: presence in foodstuffs.	methanogenic bacteria are anaerobic, oxygen-intolerant microorganisms, and it is only by studying the different habitats of such bacteria that fundamental information about their ecology becomes available. this research has evaluated methanogenic bacteria in apparently aerobic ecosystems, in foodstuffs not subjected to chemical-physical reclamation processes, where the presence of methanogenic bacteria has never been investigated. methanogenic bacteria, ascribable to the methanogenium, methanoba ...	1998	9637008
phylogenetic analysis of methanobrevibacter isolated from feces of humans and other animals.	comparative 16s rrna gene sequence and genomic dna reassociation analyses were used to assess the phylogenetic relationships of methanobrevibacter fecal isolates. the 16s rrna gene sequences of methanobrevibacter smithii strain ps and the human fecal isolates b181 and ali were essentially identical, and their genomic dna reassociated at values greater than 94%. the analysis of 16s rrna sequences of the horse, pig, cow, rat, and goose fecal isolates confirm that they are members of the genus meth ...	1998	9560420
methanobrevibacter filiformis sp. nov., a filamentous methanogen from termite hindguts.	a morphologically distinct, filamentous methanogen was isolated from hindguts of the subterranean termite, reticulitermes flavipes (kollar) (rhinotermitidae), wherein it was part of the microbiota colonizing the hindgut wall. individual filaments of strain rfm-3 were 0.23-0.28 micron in diameter and usually > 50 micron in length and aggregated into flocs that were often >/= 0.1 mm in diameter. optimal growth of strain rfm-3 was obtained at ph 7.0-7.2 and 30 degrees c with a yeast-extract-supplem ...	1998	9531629
archaeosomes as novel antigen delivery systems.	the humoral immune response mounted in balb/c mice against bovine serum albumin or cholera toxin b subunit was compared when the antigens were associated with liposomes composed of either archaeal ether lipids or conventional lipids. antibody titres in sera from mice immunised intraperitoneally were elevated to an extent comparable to those achieved with freund's adjuvant by encapsulating bovine serum albumin in archaeal lipid vesicles (archaeosomes) of about 200 nm diameter. comparison among si ...	1997	9297816
the role of ciliate protozoa in the lysis of methanogenic archaea in rumen fluid.	predation by ciliate protozoa can account for 90% of the eubacterial protein turnover in the rumen. however, little is known about the factors affecting the lysis of archaea in rumen fluid. bacterial lysis was followed from the release of acid-soluble 14c from 14c leucine-labelled bacteria. the rumen methanogen methanobrevibacter mf1 was broken down more rapidly than other non-ruminal archaea in rumen fluid withdrawn from sheep harbouring either a mixed protozoa population or monofaunated with p ...	1996	8987902
physiological ecology of methanobrevibacter cuticularis sp. nov. and methanobrevibacter curvatus sp. nov., isolated from the hindgut of the termite reticulitermes flavipes.	two morphologically distinct, h2- and co2-utilizing methanogens were isolated from gut homogenates of the subterranean termite, reticulitermes-flavipes (kollar) (rhinotermitidae). strain rfm-1 was a short straight rod (0.4 by 1.2 micron), whereas strain rfm-2 was a slightly curved rod (0.34 by 1.6 microns) that possessed polar fibers. their morphology, gram-positive staining reaction, resistance to cell lysis by chemical agents, and narrow range of utilizable substracts were typical of species b ...	1996	8837417
role of formate and hydrogen in the degradation of propionate and butyrate by defined suspended cocultures of acetogenic and methanogenic bacteria.	the butyrate-degrading syntrophospora bryantii degrades butyrate and a propionate-degrading strain (mpob) degrades propionate in coculture with the hydrogen- and formate-utilizing methanospirillum hungatii or methanobacterium formicicum. however, the substrates are not degraded in constructed cocultures with two methanobrevibacter arboriphilus strains which are only able to consume hydrogen. pure cultures of the acetogenic bacteria form both hydrogen and formate during butyrate oxidation with pe ...	1995	8821782
the effects of co-cultivation with the acetogen acetitomaculum ruminis on the fermentative metabolism of the rumen fungi neocallimastix patriciarum and neocallimastix sp. strain l2.	the effects of co-cultivation with the hydrogen-utilizing acetogenic bacterium acetitomaculum ruminis on the fermentative activities of the rumen fungi neocallimastix patriciarum or neocallimastix sp. l2 were investigated. in both co-cultures acetate production increased, making it the predominant fermentation product, as the accumulation of lactate, formate, ethanol, h2 and (in the case of neocallimastix sp. l2) succinate all decreased. the effects of co-cultivation with methanobrevibacter smit ...	1995	8566705
cofactor contents of methanogenic bacteria reviewed.	the content of specific methanogenic cofactors was assessed for a range of hydrogenotrophic and methylotrophic methanogenic bacteria grown on different substrates using high performance liquid chromatography. in general, all methanogens were found to contain coenzyme f420 analogues, methanopterin (mpt) analogues and 5-hydroxybenzimidazolylcobamide (vitamin b12-hbi). in hydrogenotrophic methanogens of the genera methano-bacterium and methanobrevibacter, as a rule, coenzymes f420-2 and f420-3 as w ...	1994	7916957
nickel requirement and factor f430 content of methanogenic bacteria.	methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum has been reported to require nickel for growth and to contain high concentrations of a nickel tetrapyrrole designated factor f430. in this communication it is shown that all methanogenic bacteria investigated incorporated nickel during growth and also synthesized factor f430. this was also true for methanobrevibacter smithii, which is dependent on acetate as a carbon source, and for methanosarcina barkeri growing on acetate or methanol as energy sources. othe ...	1981	7298577
syntrophic association of a butyrate-degrading bacterium and methanosarcina enriched from bovine rumen fluid.	an anaerobic butyrate-degrading bacterium, morphologically similar to syntrophomonas wolfei, was isolated in coculture with desulfovibrio strain g11 from an enrichment of bovine rumen fluid. a methanosarcina species was the major h2-using organism in the enrichment. the results are discussed in relationship to the absence of methanospirillum hungatei, the h2-using methanogen usually found in association with s. wolfei, and the finding of methanosarcina rather than methanobrevibacter ruminantium ...	1981	7224635
enumeration of methanobrevibacter smithii in human feces.	a plating medium containing cephalothin and clindamycin was developed for enumeration and isolation of methanogens in human feces. specimens from nine ch4-producing subjects had total anaerobe counts of 1-8 x 1011/g dry weight. methanogen counts on the antibiotic medium ranged from 0.001 - 12.6% of the total anaerobe count. there was no correlation between age, sex or percent dry fecal weight and the ratio of methanogens to total counts. specimens from eight non-ch4-producing individuals contain ...	1982	7065811
stability of methanobrevibacter smithii populations in the microbial flora excreted from the human large bowel.	total anaerobic bacteria and methanobrevibacter smithii populations were enumerated in fecal specimens from two individuals over 10- and 13-month periods. the ratio of m. smithii to total anaerobic count varied between the individuals, but it was a relatively constant proportion of the large-bowel microbial flora within each individual. neither a barium enema examination of one subject nor a radical change in the diet of the other had any long-term effect on the methanogen populations.	1983	6824322
isolation of methanobrevibacter smithii from human feces.	fecal specimens from nine adults were examined for the presence of methanogenic bacteria. enrichment cultures of five specimens produced methane in 5 days. of these five specimens, three were tested and produced methane during a short-term incubation. four specimens did not produce methane in either short-term incubation or in enrichment culture. each methanogenic culture contained methanogens similar in morphology to organisms of the genus methanobrevibacter and showed factor-420 fluorescence b ...	1982	6798932
antigenic analysis of methanomicrobiales and methanobrevibacter arboriphilus.	preparation of new antisera has permitted more comprehensive immunological analyses of the two families of methanomicrobiales. methanomicrobiaceae and methanosarcinaceae, and the species methanobrevibacter arboriphilus. immunological analysis was carried out with antibody probes against 23 strains, including almost all genera and species of methanogens. the absence of cross-reactions between families of methanogens was confirmed. methanomicrobium and methanogenium were found to be immunologicall ...	1982	6752119
evidence for a nickel-containing carbon monoxide dehydrogenase in methanobrevibacter arboriphilicus.	in growing cultures of methanobrevibacter arboriphilicus (methanobrevibacter arboriphilus), the synthesis of active carbon monoxide dehydrogenase required nickel. the 21-fold-purified enzyme from 63ni-labeled cells of m. arboriphilicus comigrated with 63ni during gel filtration. these results provide evidence that the carbon monoxide dehydrogenase of methanogens is a nickel protein.	1984	6546569
methanogens and anaerobes in a colon segment isolated from the normal fecal stream.	methanogens were in the isolated sigmoid colon but not in the colostomy bag of a woman with a left hemicolectomy with end colostomy and mucous fistula. the predominant methanogen was methanobrevibacter smithii. an anaerobic bacterial community supported by nondietary substrates was present in the isolated sigmoid colon.	1984	6486788
rapidly growing rumen methanogenic organism that synthesizes coenzyme m and has a high affinity for formate.	methanogenic bacteria with a coccobacillus morphology similar to methanobrevibacter ruminantium were isolated from the bovine rumen. one isolate, 10-16b, represented a previously undescribed rumen population that, unlike m. ruminantium, synthesized coenzyme m, grew rapidly (mu = 0.24 h-1) on h2-co2 in a complex medium, had simple nutritional requirements, and metabolized formate at reported rumen concentrations. h2 was metabolized to partial pressures 10-fold lower than those reported for the ru ...	1984	6433795
characteristics of methanogens isolated from bovine rumen.	six strains of methanogens were isolated from 10(-8) and 10(-9) ml of bovine rumen contents. all strains had the morphologic and physiologic characteristics of methanobrevibacter spp. four strains required coenzyme m; two did not. growth of all strains either depended on or was stimulated by a mixture of isobutyric, isovaleric, 2-methylbutyric, and valeric acids. none of the strains reacted with antiserum against the type strain of methanobrevibacter ruminantium.	1986	3954338
sequence divergence of an archaebacterial gene cloned from a mesophilic and a thermophilic methanogen.	a 1.6-kb fragment of dna from the thermophilic, methane-producing, anaerobic archaebacterium methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum delta h has been cloned and sequenced. this dna complements mutations in both the pure1 and pure2 loci of escherichia coli. the sequence of the m. thermoautotrophicum dna predicts that complementation in e. coli results from the synthesis of a polypeptide with a molecular weight of 36,249. a polypeptide apparently of this molecular weight is synthesized in e. coli min ...	1985	3936936
is coenzyme m bound to factor f430 in methanogenic bacteria? experiments with methanobrevibacter ruminantium.	coenzyme m (2-mercaptoethane sulfonic acid) and factor f430 (a nickel porphinoid) are coenzymes found in methanogenic bacteria. recently it has been proposed that in these bacteria a coenzyme mf430 also exists which plays a key role in methane formation and in which coenzyme m and f430 are bound to each other. to test this hypothesis methanobrevibacter ruminantium, which requires coenzyme m as a vitamin, was grown in the presence of [2-14c]comsh. f430 and 'com' (mixture of comsh and its disulfid ...	1985	3920049