Publications

TitleAbstractYear
Filter
PMID(sorted descending)
Filter
multiple lines of evidence to identify sewage as the cause of water quality impairment in an urbanized tropical watershed.indicator bacteria, which are conventionally used to evaluate recreational water quality, can originate from various non-human enteric and extra-enteric sources, hence they may not be indicative of human health risk nor do they provide information on the sources of contamination. in this study we utilized traditional (enterococci and escherichia coli) and alternative (clostridium perfringens) indicator bacteria, f(+)-specific coliphage, molecular markers for microorganisms associated with human ...201728292677
the tcp conjugation system of clostridium perfringens.the gram-positive pathogen clostridium perfringens possesses a family of large conjugative plasmids that is typified by the tetracycline resistance plasmid pcw3. since these plasmids may carry antibiotic resistance genes or genes encoding extracellular or sporulation-associated toxins, the conjugative transfer of these plasmids appears to be important for the epidemiology of c. perfringens-mediated diseases. sequence analysis of members of this plasmid family identified a highly conserved 35kb r ...201728286218
infrarenal infected aneurysm of abdominal aorta caused by clostridium perfringens. 201728281993
toxins as biological weapons for terror-characteristics, challenges and medical countermeasures: a mini-review.toxins are hazardous biochemical compounds derived from bacteria, fungi, or plants. some have mechanisms of action and physical properties that make them amenable for use as potential warfare agents. currently, some toxins are classified as potential biological weapons, although they have several differences from classic living bio-terror pathogens and some similarities to manmade chemical warfare agents. this review focuses on category a and b bio-terror toxins recognized by the centers for dis ...201628265441
preparation and characterization of a human scfv against the clostridium perfringens type a alpha-toxin.alpha-toxin produced by clostridium perfringens is an important virulence factor, causing food poisoning and gas gangrene in humans. as such, it is considered a potential bioterrorism threat. to date, there is still no human effective therapeutic drug against alpha-toxin. in this study, a human single chain antibody against alpha-toxin was produced from synthetic (tomlinson i + j) naive phage display libraries, and its preventive and therapeutic efficacy in mice was examined. to prove the neutra ...201728259756
clostridium innocuum is a significant vancomycin-resistant pathogen for extra-intestinal clostridial infection.extra-intestinal clostridial infection (eici) is rare but can be fatal. traditional phenotypic methods can only assign many of the clostridium species to the genus level.201728254687
cyclic-di-gmp binding by an assembly atpase (pilb2) and control of type iv pilin polymerization in the gram-positive pathogen clostridium perfringens.the gram-positive pathogen clostridium perfringens possesses type iv pili (tfp), which are extracellular fibers that are polymerized from a pool of pilin monomers in the cytoplasmic membrane. two proteins that are essential for pilus functions are an assembly atpase (pilb) and an inner membrane core protein (pilc). two homologues each of pilb and pilc are present in c. perfringens, called pilb1/pilb2 and pilc1/pilc2, respectively, along with four pilin proteins, pila1-pila4. the gene encoding pi ...201728242722
multilocus sequence typing analyses of clostridium perfringens type a strains harboring tpel and netb genes.clostridium perfringens is an anaerobic bacterium ubiquitous in various environments, especially in soil and the gastrointestinal tract of healthy humans and animals. in this study, multilocus sequence typing protocol was used to investigate genotypic relationships among 40 c. perfringens strains isolated from humans and broiler chicken with necrotic enteritis [ne]. the results indicated a few clonal populations, mainly observed in human strains, with 32.5% of all strains associated with one of ...201728238845
clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin induces permanent neuronal degeneration and behavioral changes.clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin (etx), the most potent toxin produced by this bacteria, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of enterotoxaemia in ruminants, causing brain edema and encephalomalacia. studies of animals suffering from etx intoxication describe severe neurological disorders that are thought to be the result of vasogenic brain edemas and indirect neuronal toxicity, killing oligodendrocytes but not astrocytes, microglia, or neurons in vitro. in this study, by means of intraveno ...201728237716
an assessment of the microbiological quality of lightly cooked food (including sous-vide) at the point of consumption in england.this observational study aims to investigate the microbiological quality of commercially prepared lightly cooked foods with a major component of food of animal origin and collected as would be served to a consumer. a total of 356 samples were collected from catering (92%), retail (7%) or producers (1%) and all were independent of known incidents of foodborne illness. using standard methods, all samples were tested for: the presence of campylobacter spp. and salmonella spp. and enumerated for lev ...201728236815
infrarenal infected aneurysm of abdominal aorta caused by clostridium perfringens. 201728228190
metataxonomics reveal vultures as a reservoir for clostridium perfringens.the old world vulture may carry and spread pathogens for emerging infections since they feed on the carcasses of dead animals and participate in the sky burials of humans, some of whom have died from communicable diseases. therefore, we studied the precise fecal microbiome of the old world vulture with metataxonomics, integrating the high-throughput sequencing of almost full-length small subunit ribosomal rna (16s rrna) gene amplicons in tandem with the operational phylogenetic unit (opu) analys ...201728223683
immunoactive clostridial membrane vesicle production is regulated by a sporulation factor.recently, many gram-positive bacteria as well as gram-negative bacteria have been reported to produce mvs, but little is known regarding the regulators involved in mv formation. we found that a gram-positive anaerobic pathogen, clostridium perfringens, produces mvs predominantly containing membrane proteins and cell wall components. these mvs stimulated pro-inflammatory cytokine production in mouse macrophage-like cells. we suggested that mvs induced il-6 production through the tlr2 signaling pa ...201728223348
mapping of the continuous epitopes displayed on the clostridium perfringens type d epsilon-toxin.the epsilon toxin, produced by clostridium perfringens, is responsible for enterotoxemia in ruminants and is a potential bioterrorism agent. in the present study, 15 regions of the toxin were recognized by antibodies present in the serum, with different immunodominance scales, and may be antigen determinants that can be used to formulate subunit vaccines.201728223027
a clostridioides difficile bacteriophage genome encodes functional binary toxin-associated genes.pathogenic clostridia typically produce toxins as virulence factors which cause severe diseases in both humans and animals. whereas many clostridia like e.g., clostridium perfringens, clostridium botulinum or clostridium tetani were shown to contain toxin-encoding plasmids, only toxin genes located on the chromosome were detected in clostridioides difficile so far. in this study, we determined, annotated, and analyzed the complete genome of the bacteriophage phisemix9p1 using single-molecule rea ...201728216103
detection of clostridium perfringens toxin genes in the gut microbiota of autistic children.we studied stool specimens from 33 autistic children aged 2-9 years with gastrointestinal (gi) abnormalities and 13 control children without autism and without gi symptoms. we performed quantitative comparison of all clostridium species and clostridium perfringens strains from the fecal microbiota by conventional, selective anaerobic culture methods. we isolated c. perfringens strains and performed pcr analysis for the main c. perfringens toxin genes, alpha, beta, beta2, epsilon, iota and c. per ...201728215985
effect of continuous sub-culturing on infectivity of clostridium perfringens atcc13124 in mouse gas gangrene model.clostridium perfringens is a validated biological agent and a pathogen of medical, veterinary, and military significance. gas gangrene is the most destructive of all the clostridial diseases and is caused by c. perfringens type a strains wherein the infection spreads quickly (several inches per hour) with production of gas. influence of repeated in vitro cultivation on the infectivity of c. perfringens was investigated by comparing the surface proteins of laboratory strain and repository strains ...201728213749
chitosan inhibits enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens type a in growth medium and chicken meat.clostridium perfringens is a spore-forming bacterium and a major cause of bacterial food-borne illness. in this study, we evaluated the inhibitory effects of chitosan against spore germination, spore outgrowth and vegetative growth of c. perfringens food poisoning (fp) isolates. chitosan of differing molecular weights inhibited germination of spores of all tested fp isolates in a kcl germinant solution containing 0.1 mg/ml chitosan at ph 4.5. however, higher level (0.25 mg/ml) of chitosan was re ...201728213020
cloning and expression of clostridium perfringens type d vaccine strain epsilon toxin gene in e. coli as a recombinant vaccine candidate.clostridium perfringens, a gram-positive obligate anaerobic bacterium, is able to form resistant spores which are widely distributed in the environment. c. perfringens is subdivided into five types a to e based on its four major alpha, beta, epsilon and iota toxins. the aim of the present study was cloning and expression of c. perfringens type d vaccine strain epsilon toxin gene.201628210460
rethinking the role of alpha toxin in clostridium perfringens-associated enteric diseases: a review on bovine necro-haemorrhagic enteritis.bovine necro-haemorrhagic enteritis is an economically important disease caused by clostridium perfringens type a strains. the disease mainly affects calves under intensive rearing conditions and is characterized by sudden death associated with small intestinal haemorrhage, necrosis and mucosal neutrophil infiltration. the common assumption that, when causing intestinal disease, c. perfringens relies upon specific, plasmid-encoded toxins, was recently challenged by the finding that alpha toxin, ...201728209206
enteric pathogens and their toxin-induced disruption of the intestinal barrier through alteration of tight junctions in chickens.maintaining a healthy gut environment is a prerequisite for sustainable animal production. the gut plays a key role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients and constitutes an initial organ exposed to external factors influencing bird's health. the intestinal epithelial barrier serves as the first line of defense between the host and the luminal environment. it consists of a continuous monolayer of intestinal epithelial cells connected by intercellular junctional complexes which shrink the s ...201728208612
crystal structure and structure-based mutagenesis of actin-specific adp-ribosylating toxin cpile-a as novel enterotoxin.unusual outbreaks of food poisoning in japan were reported in which clostridium perfringens was strongly suspected to be the cause based on epidemiological information and fingerprinting of isolates. the isolated strains lack the typical c. perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) but secrete a new enterotoxin consisting of two components: c. perfringens iota-like enterotoxin-a (cpile-a), which acts as an enzymatic adp-ribosyltransferase, and cpile-b, a membrane binding component. here we present the cryst ...201728199340
rapid eradication of colon carcinoma by clostridium perfringens enterotoxin suicidal gene therapy.bacterial toxins have evolved to an effective therapeutic option for cancer therapy. the clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) is a pore-forming toxin with selective cytotoxicity. the transmembrane tight junction proteins claudin-3 and -4 are known high affinity cpe receptors. their expression is highly upregulated in human cancers, including breast, ovarian and colon carcinoma. cpe binding to claudins triggers membrane pore complex formation, which leads to rapid cell death. previous studie ...201728193196
an assessment of the microbiological quality of liver-based pâté in england 2012-13: comparison of samples collected at retail and from catering businesses.the purpose of this study was to investigate the microbiological quality of liver pâté. during 2012-13, a total of 870 samples, unrelated to the investigation of food-poisoning outbreaks, were collected either at retail (46%), catering (53%) or the point of manufacture (1%) and were tested using standard methods to detect salmonella spp. or campylobacter spp., and to enumerate for listeria spp., including listeria monocytogenes, clostridium perfringens, coagulase-positive staphylococci including ...201728190406
seeds of the wild progenitor of maize possess bacteria that antagonize foodborne pathogens.endophytes are microorganisms that inhabit plant tissues without causing disease. some endophytes help their hosts to combat pathogens. here we explored the hypothesis that the plant-derived foods consumed by humans and other animals host endophytes that also antagonize foodborne pathogens or food-rotting agents. our laboratory previously cultured a library of bacterial endophytes from different members of the maize/corn family (zea) including wild relatives. here, 190 of these endophytes were s ...201728186422
exposure to β-lactams results in the alteration of penicillin-binding proteins in clostridium perfringens.clostridium perfringens causes a variety of mild to severe infections in humans and other animals. a decrease in the affinity of penicillin-binding protein (pbp) transpeptidases for β-lactams is considered one of the mechanisms of β-lactam resistance in bacteria. two strains of c. perfringens isolated from bovines and one isolated from a chicken, which had decreased susceptibility to β-lactams, had variations in the amino acid sequences of the central penicillin-binding regions of the pbps. β-la ...201728185856
controlling of growth performance, lipid deposits and fatty acid composition of chicken meat through a probiotic, lactobacillus johnsonii during subclinical clostridium perfringens infection.meat is considered as a major source of polyunsaturated fatty acid (pufa) which is essential for humans, therefore its lipid level and fatty acid composition have drawn great attention. as no clinical sign can be found in chicks subclinically infected by clostridium perfringens (cp), the meat may be purchased and eaten. the objective of the present study was to determine whether lactobacillus johnsonii (lj) can control the cp-caused impact on growth, lipid levels, fatty acid composition and othe ...201728183305
oral multiple sclerosis drugs inhibit the in vitro growth of epsilon toxin producing gut bacterium, clostridium perfringens.there are currently three oral medications approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (ms). two of these medications, fingolimod, and teriflunomide, are considered to be anti-inflammatory agents, while dimethyl fumarate (dmf) is thought to trigger a robust antioxidant response, protecting vulnerable cells during an ms attack. we previously proposed that epsilon toxin from the gut bacterium, clostridium perfringens, may initiate newly forming ms lesions due to its tropism for blood-brain ba ...201728180112
branimycins b and c, antibiotics produced by the abyssal actinobacterium pseudonocardia carboxydivorans m-227.two new antibiotics, branimycins b (2) and c (3), were produced by fermentation of the abyssal actinobacterium pseudonocardia carboxydivorans m-227, isolated from deep seawater of the avilés submarine canyon. their structures were elucidated by hrms and nmr analyses. these compounds exhibit antibacterial activities against a panel of gram-positive bacteria, including corynebacterium urealyticum, clostridium perfringens, and micrococcus luteus, and against the gram-negative bacterium neisseria me ...201728169531
toxicoses of the ruminant nervous system.this article discusses the etiology, mechanism of action, clinical signs, and diagnostic tests used to identify toxic agents that affect the nervous system of ruminants. the article is not intended to be an exhaustive review of each agent, but a reference for establishing a differential diagnosis when toxic agents are suspected as the cause of central nervous system disease in ruminants. the initial focus of the article is on agents that cause brain lesions consistent with polioencephalomalacia. ...201728166935
regulatory/modulatory effect of prune essence concentrate on intestinal function and blood lipids.prunus domestica linn (rosaceae) has been considered a functional food, owing to its various pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and anticancer.201728164731
an active principle of nigella sativa l., thymoquinone, showing significant antimicrobial activity against anaerobic bacteria.thymoquinone (tq) is the major active principle of nigella sativa seed (black seed) and is known to control many fungi, bacteria, and some viruses. however, the activity of tq against anaerobic bacteria is not well demonstrated. anaerobic bacteria can cause severe infections, including diarrhea, aspiration pneumonia, and brain abscess, particularly in immunodeficient individuals. the present study aimed to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of tq against some anaerobic pathogens in ...201728163966
prevalence and molecular typing of clostridium perfringens in captive wildlife in india.the prevalence of clostridium perfringens in captive wildlife in india has not been reported. the objective of the study was to determine the fecal prevalence of c. perfringens in captive wildlife in india. the prevalence in captive wild ruminants, non-ruminants, birds and caretakers were 34.1%, 36%, 22.5% and 6.7%, respectively. toxinotyping of c. perfringens indicated that the predominant type was type a with a prevalence rate of 69.7%, followed by type a with cpb2 gene (28.3%) and type b (2.% ...201728159707
diverse modes of galacto-specific carbohydrate recognition by a family 31 glycoside hydrolase from clostridium perfringens.clostridium perfringens is a commensal member of the human gut microbiome and an opportunistic pathogen whose genome encodes a suite of putative large, multi-modular carbohydrate-active enzymes that appears to play a role in the interaction of the bacterium with mucin-based carbohydrates. among the most complex of these is an enzyme that contains a presumed catalytic module belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 31 (gh31). this large enzyme, which based on its possession of a gh31 module is a p ...201728158290
application of the maldi-tof for identification of clostridium perfringens strains.the anaerobic bacilli closfridium perfringens are commonly found in soil and sewage and are also part of the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. food poisoning caused by c. perfringens are regarded the most common diseases transmitted by contaminated food in the world. bacteria of this species due to their pathogenic properties sustain the constant object of studies in order to elucidate mechanisms of toxinogenesis, to determine the roads of transmission and to develop better diagnosti ...201728146618
the antibacterial activities of aditoprim and its efficacy in the treatment of swine streptococcosis.aditoprim (adp) has potential use as an antimicrobial agent in animals. however, its pharmacodynamic properties have not been systematically studied yet. in this study, the in vitro antibacterial activities of adp and its main metabolites were assayed, and the in vivo antibacterial efficacy of adp for the treatment of swine streptococcosis was evaluated. it was shown that salmonella and streptococcus from swine, escherichia coli and salmonella from chickens, e. coli, streptococcus, mannheimia, p ...201728145487
bacterial microbiota in harbor seals (phoca vitulina) from the north sea of schleswig-holstein, germany, around the time of morbillivirus and influenza epidemics.we present microbiologic findings in harbor seal (phoca; phoca vitulina ) carcasses collected from the north sea of schleswig-holstein, germany, 1996-2014, and interpret results in relation to potential variations caused by phocine distemper virus and influenza a virus mass mortalities. we conducted microbiologic investigations on 2,124 tissue samples from lung, liver, kidney, spleen, intestine, and mesenteric lymph nodes from 549 dead harbor seals of the german north sea. a large variety of bac ...201728139956
influence of pcp1netb ancillary genes on the virulence of clostridium perfringens poultry necrotic enteritis strain cp1.necrotic enteritis (ne) is an economically important disease of poultry caused by certain clostridium perfringens type a strains. the netb toxin plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of ne. we previously demonstrated that netb is located within a 42 kb plasmid-encoded pathogenicity locus (neloc-1), which also encodes 36 additional genes. although netb clearly plays a role in pathogenesis, the involvement of the other neloc-1 genes has not yet been established. the current study was to provid ...201728127404
effects of the dietary protein and carbohydrate ratio on gut microbiomes in dogs of different body conditions.obesity has become a health epidemic in both humans and pets. a dysbiotic gut microbiota has been associated with obesity and other metabolic disorders. high-protein, low-carbohydrate (hplc) diets have been recommended for body weight loss, but little is known about their effects on the canine gut microbiome. sixty-three obese and lean labrador retrievers and beagles (mean age, 5.72 years) were fed a common baseline diet for 4 weeks in phase 1, followed by 4 weeks of a treatment diet, specifical ...201728119466
enteric pathogens and coinfections in foals with and without diarrhea.diarrhea is a major clinical problem affecting foals up to 3 months of age. the aim of this study was to identify enteric microorganisms involved in monoinfections and coinfections and the associated virulence factors in healthy and diarrheic foals. diarrheic (d) (n = 56) and nondiarrheic (nd) foals (n = 60) up to three months of age were studied. fecal samples were analyzed for identification of infectious agents (microbiological culturing, molecular techniques, and microscopic analyses). esche ...201628116290
the safe enterocin dd14 is a leaderless two-peptide bacteriocin with anti-clostridium perfringens activity.enterococcus faecalis 14, a strain previously isolated from meconium, displayed activity against four clostridium perfringens isolates when co-cultured on agar plates. the anti-clostridium activity was ascribed to the production of enterocin dd14, which was subsequently purified. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of enterocin dd14 against one collection strain and one clinical c. perfringens strain was determined at 50 µg/ml. furthermore, using the intestinal epithelial cell line ipec-1 ...201728104423
lipidomic profile of gm95 cell death induced by clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin.clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin (atx) is considered as a prototype of cytotoxic bacterial phospholipases c, and is the major virulence factor in c. perfringens-induced gas gangrene. it is known that, depending on the dose, atx causes membrane disruption and cytolysis or only limited hydrolysis of its substrates. in the latter case, toxin activity leads to the unregulated generation of bioactive lipids that can ultimately induce cell death. we have characterized apoptosis and necrosis in high ...201728104376
bacterial toxins for oncoleaking suicidal cancer gene therapy.for suicide gene therapy, initially prodrug-converting enzymes (gene-directed enzyme-producing therapy, gdept) were employed to intracellularly metabolize non-toxic prodrugs into toxic compounds, leading to the effective suicidal killing of the transfected tumor cells. in this regard, the suicide gene therapy has demonstrated its potential for efficient tumor eradication. numerous suicide genes of viral or bacterial origin were isolated, characterized, and extensively tested in vitro and in vivo ...201628101690
ancient bacteria of the ötzi's microbiome: a genomic tale from the copper age.ancient microbiota information represents an important resource to evaluate bacterial evolution and to explore the biological spread of infectious diseases in history. the soft tissue of frozen mummified humans, such as the tyrolean iceman, has been shown to contain bacterial dna that is suitable for population profiling of the prehistoric bacteria that colonized such ancient human hosts.201728095919
a case of fatal clostridium perfringens bacteremia and sepsis following ct-guided liver biopsy of a rare neuroendocrine hepatic tumor. 201728093692
structural pierce into molecular mechanism underlying clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin function.epsilon toxin of the clostridium perfringens garnered a lot of attention due to its potential for toxicity in humans, extreme potency for cytotoxicity in mice and lack of any approved therapeutics prescribed for human. however, the intricacies of the epsilon toxin action mechanism are yet to be understood. in this regard, various in silico tools have been exploited to model and refine the 3d structure of the toxin and its two receptors. the receptor proteins were embedded into designed lipid mem ...201728089770
pathogen characterization of fresh and stored mesophilic anaerobically digested biosolids.culturable bacterial pathogens (campylobacter, salmonella, listeria, yersinia) and indicators (e. coli, enterococci, clostridium perfringens) were quantified at six wastewater treatment plants that land apply anaerobically digested biosolids in ontario, canada. cryptosporidium parvum and giardia lamblia were also quantified by pcr. salmonella and listeria were frequently detected in sludge and liquid biosolids (70-100% of samples) but less often in fresh dewatered cake biosolids (50-60%); with l ...201728087921
isolation of clostridium perfringens type a from wild bharals (pseudois nayaur) following sudden death in tibet, china.dozens of wild bharals died suddenly in tibet. necropsy showed severe congestion and hemorrhage in multiple organs, with large numbers of gram-positive bacilli. strains of clostridium perfringens type a were isolated from the different organs and the intestinal contents. the other possible pathogens were ruled out by pcr.201728082244
application of nuclear magnetic resonance to detect toxigenic clostridium difficile from stool specimens: a proof of concept.we evaluated the performance of an early prototype core molecular mirroring nuclear magnetic resonance detection platform (mentor-100) to detect toxigenic clostridium difficile from stool. this technology uses customized nanoparticles bound to target specific oligonucleotide probes that form binaries in the presence of nucleic acid from the target microorganism. liquid patient stool specimens were seeded with c. difficile or other clostridium species to determine the analytical sensitivity and s ...201728081922
stress hormone epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) effects on the anaerobic bacteria.microbial endocrinology is a relatively new research area that already encompasses the anaerobes. stress hormones, epinephrine and norepinephrine, can affect the growth of anaerobic bacteria such as fusobacterium nucleatum, prevotella spp., porhyromonas spp., tanerella forsythia and propionibacterium acnes and can increase virulence gene expression, iron acquisition and many virulence factors of some anaerobic species such as clostridium perfringens, porphyromonas gingivalis and brachyspira pilo ...201728077337
netf-producing clostridium perfringens: clonality and plasmid pathogenicity loci analysis.clostridium perfringens is an important cause of foal necrotizing enteritis and canine acute hemorrhagic diarrhea. a major virulence determinant of the strains associated with these diseases appears to be a beta-sheet pore-forming toxin, netf, encoded within a pathogenicity locus (netf locus) on a large tcp-conjugative plasmid. strains producing netf also produce the putative toxin nete, encoded within the same pathogenicity locus, as well as cpe enterotoxin and cpb2 on a second plasmid, and som ...201728062388
effect of trehalose and trehalose transport on the tolerance of clostridium perfringens to environmental stress in a wild type strain and its fluoroquinolone-resistant mutant.trehalose has been shown to protect bacterial cells from environmental stress. its uptake and osmoprotective effect in clostridium perfringens were investigated by comparing wild type c. perfringens atcc 13124 with a fluoroquinolone- (gatifloxacin-) resistant mutant. in a chemically defined medium, trehalose and sucrose supported the growth of the wild type but not that of the mutant. microarray data and qrt-pcr showed that putative genes for the phosphorylation and transport of sucrose and treh ...201628058047
effects of soybean oligosaccharides on intestinal microbial communities and immune modulation in mice.soybean oligosaccharides (sboss) are potential prebiotics that may be used to improve immune function. here, we investigated the effects of intragastric administration of sboss in mice to determine the effects on autochthonous intestinal microbial communities and immunological parameters. results e: after 22-day administration, 4.0 g kg body weight (bw)(-)(1) sboss significantly enhanced the proliferation of bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria (lab) as compared to the control. this dose of s ...201728053580
cody promotes sporulation and enterotoxin production by clostridium perfringens type a strain sm101.clostridium perfringens type d strains cause enterotoxemia and enteritis in livestock via epsilon toxin production. in type d strain cn3718, cody was previously shown to increase the level of epsilon toxin production and repress sporulation. c. perfringens type a strains producing c. perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) cause human food poisoning and antibiotic-associated diarrhea. sporulation is critical for c. perfringens type a food poisoning since spores contribute to transmission and resistance in ...201728052992
epidemiology of bacterial toxin-mediated foodborne gastroenteritis outbreaks in australia, 2001 to 2013.bacterial toxin-mediated foodborne outbreaks, such as those caused by clostridium perfringens, staphylococcus aureus and bacillus cereus, are an important and preventable cause of morbidity and mortality. due to the short incubation period and duration of illness, these outbreaks are often under-reported. this is the first study to describe the epidemiology of bacterial toxin-mediated outbreaks in australia. using data collected between 2001 and 2013, we identify high risk groups and risk factor ...201628043220
microbiological characterization of vegetables and their rhizosphere soil in eastern poland.the aim of this study was to investigate the bacteriological quality of 5 kinds of vegetables (lettuce, dill, radish, beetroot, carrot) and their rhizosphere soil, originating from conventional farms located in the lublin province of eastern poland. a total number of 35 samples of fresh vegetables (fv) taken immediately from soil, 35 samples of soil from rhizosphere of these vegetables (sr) and 35 samples of vegetables sold at retail in the markets in lublin (vr) were examined. the samples were ...201628030923
computational design of experiment unveils the conformational reaction coordinate of gh125 α-mannosidases.conformational analysis of enzyme-catalyzed mannoside hydrolysis has revealed two predominant conformational itineraries through b2,5 or (3)h4 transition-state (ts) conformations. a prominent unassigned catalytic itinerary is that of exo-1,6-α-mannosidases belonging to cazy family 125. a published complex of clostridium perfringens gh125 enzyme with a nonhydrolyzable 1,6-α-thiomannoside substrate mimic bound across the active site revealed an undistorted (4)c1 conformation and provided no insigh ...201728026180
multiple-reaction monitoring for multiplex detection of three bacterial toxins using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin, staphylococcal enterotoxin b and shiga toxin are implicated in a number of diseases and food-borne intoxications and are considered potential agents for bioterrorism and warfare. artificially generated aerosol is the likely mode of delivery of these for nefarious uses, potentially capable of causing mass destruction to human and animal health by inhalation of toxic bioaerosol. multiplex and unambiguous detection of these agents is of paramount importance fo ...201728024103
mechanisms of antibacterial action of quinoxaline 1,4-di-n-oxides against clostridium perfringens and brachyspira hyodysenteriae.quinoxaline 1,4-di-n-oxides (qdnos) are a class of bioreductive compounds, however, their antibacterial mechanisms are still unclarified. the aim of this study was to assess the ability of two representative qdno drugs, cyadox (cya) and olaquindox (ola), to produce reactive oxide species (ros) in gram-positive anaerobe clostridium perfringens cvcc1125 and gram-negative anaerobe brachyspira hyodysenteriae b204. in addition, the effects of qdnos on the integrity of bacterial cell walls and membran ...201628018297
a proteomics assay to detect eight cbrn-relevant toxins in food.a proteomics assay was set up to analyze food substrates for eight toxins of the cbrn (chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear) threat, namely ricin, clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin (etx), staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins (sea, seb and sed), shigatoxins from shigella dysenteriae and entero-hemorragic escherichia coli strains (stx1 and stx2) and campylobacter jejuni cytolethal distending toxin (cdt). the assay developed was based on an antibody-free sample preparation followed by b ...201728008711
evaluation of clinical safety and beneficial effects of stachyose-enriched α-galacto-oligosaccharides on gut microbiota and bowel function in humans.deshipu stachyose granules (dsg) is a mixture of α-galacto-oligosaccharides derived from the dietary roots of lycopus lucidus turcz. our previous study showed that dsg could improve the faecal microbial composition, and facilitate intestinal peristalsis and fecal excretion in mice. this study was designed to investigate the effect of dsg on gut microbiota and bowel function in humans. two human intervention studies were conducted. in the first study, 100 healthy adults were treated without or wi ...201728001151
mechanical stability of a high-affinity toxin anchor from the pathogen clostridium perfringens.the opportunistic pathogen clostridium perfringens assembles its toxins and carbohydrate-active enzymes by the high-affinity cohesin-dockerin (coh-doc) interaction. coh-doc interactions characterized previously have shown considerable resilience toward mechanical stress. here, we aimed to determine the mechanics of this interaction from c. perfringens in the context of a pathogen. using atomic force microscopy based single-molecule force spectroscopy (afm-smfs) we probed the mechanical propertie ...201627991799
remodeling of the gut microbiota and structural shifts in preeclampsia patients in south china.preeclampsia (pe) is one of the pregnancy metabolic diseases. since gut microbiota play important roles in the hosts' metabolism, it is necessary to investigate the gut microbiota in pe patients, so that some intestinal dysbiosis might be detected as a biomarker for pe early diagnosis or as a target for intervention. one hundred subjects were categorized into four groups: 26 pe patients in late pregnancy, healthy individuals in early, middle, and late pregnancy (26/24/24 women). gut microbiota w ...201727988814
a comparative study of the effects of escherichia coli and clostridium perfringens upon boar semen preserved in liquid storage.the present study compares the sperm quality of boar seminal doses artificially inoculated with escherichia coli and clostridium perfringens, and maintained in liquid storage at 15°c for a 9-day period. seminal doses from 10 sexually mature piétrain boars were diluted in a beltsville thawing solution (bts)-based extender and infected either with e. coli or c. perfringens, with bacterial loads ranging from 10(1) to 10(7)cfuml(-1). during storage, the changes in sperm quality were determined by as ...201727988080
the optimisation of pseudotyped viruses for the characterisation of immune responses to equine influenza virus.pseudotyped viruses (pvs) produced by co-transfecting cells with plasmids expressing lentiviral core proteins and viral envelope proteins are potentially powerful tools for studying various aspects of equine influenza virus (eiv) biology. the aim of this study was to optimise production of equine influenza pvs. co-transfection of the hat protease to activate the haemagglutinin (ha) yielded a higher titre pv than tmprss2 with the ha from a/equine/richmond/1/2007 (h3n8), whereas for a/equine/newma ...201627983716
experimental induction of necrotic enteritis in chickens by a netb-positive japanese isolate of clostridium perfringens.necrotic enteritis (ne) is one of the most important bacterial diseases in terms of economic losses. clostridium perfringens necrotic enteritis toxin b, netb, was recently proposed as a new key virulent factor for the development of ne. the goal of this work was to develop a necrotic enteritis model in chickens by using a japanese isolate of c. perfringens. the japanese isolate has been found to contain netb gene, which had the same nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences as those of prototy ...201727980252
clostridium perfringens: a rare cause of spondylodiscitis case report and review of the literature.presented is a case of a 64-year old male with a unique and yet unreported case of a spondylodiscitis caused by clostridium perfringens. becoming symptomatic with massive neurological deficits. computed tomography (ct) revealed typical signs of spondylodiscitis involving the vertebral body l5 with extensive vacuum phenomenon.201627967243
bystander host cell killing effects of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin.clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) binds to claudin receptors, e.g., claudin-4, and then forms a pore that triggers cell death. pure cultures of host cells that do not express claudin receptors, e.g., fibroblasts, are unaffected by pathophysiologically relevant cpe concentrations in vitro however, both cpe-insensitive and cpe-sensitive host cells are present in vivo therefore, this study tested whether cpe treatment might affect fibroblasts when cocultured with cpe-sensitive claudin-4 fib ...201627965452
neuraminidase as an enzymatic marker for detecting airborne influenza virus and other viruses.little information is available regarding the effectiveness of air samplers to collect viruses and regarding the effects of sampling processes on viral integrity. the neuraminidase enzyme is present on the surface of viruses that are of agricultural and medical importance. it has been demonstrated that viruses carrying this enzyme can be detected using commercial substrates without having to process the sample by methods such as rna extraction. this project aims at evaluating the effects of 3 ae ...201727958763
dual-targeting nanoparticles for in vivo delivery of suicide genes to chemotherapy-resistant ovarian cancer cells.ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic cancer. claudin-3 and -4, the receptors for clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe), are overexpressed in more than 70% of these tumors. here, we synthesized and characterized poly(lactic-co-glycolic-acid) (plga) nanoparticles (nps) modified with the carboxy-terminal-binding domain of cpe (c-cpe-np) for the delivery of suicide gene therapy to chemotherapy-resistant ovarian cancer cells. as a therapeutic payload, we generated a plasmid encoding for ...201727956521
removal of pollutants and pathogens by a simplified treatment scheme for municipal wastewater reuse in agriculture.the availability of high quality water has become a constraint in several countries. agriculture represents the main water user, therefore, wastewater reuse in this area could increase water availability for other needs. this research was aimed to provide a simplified scheme for treatment and reuse of municipal and domestic wastewater based on sequencing batch biofilter granular reactors (sbbgrs). the activity was conducted at pilot-scale and particular attention was dedicated to the microbiolog ...201727951439
structure and inhibition of n-acetylneuraminate lyase from methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus.n-acetylneuraminate lyase is the first committed enzyme in the degradation of sialic acid by bacterial pathogens. in this study, we analyzed the kinetic parameters of n-acetylneuraminate lyase from methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa). we determined that the enzyme has a relatively high km of 3.2 mm, suggesting that flux through the catabolic pathway is likely to be controlled by this enzyme. our data indicate that sialic acid alditol, a known inhibitor of n-acetylneuraminate lyase ...201627943302
distinct presence of the tight junction protein claudin-3 in olfactory bulb and fila olfactoria of the mouse.the tight junction protein claudin-3 is overexpressed in diverse epithelial tumours and is associated with increased survival, progression and motility of tumour cells. claudin-3 expression profiles are being increasingly used for diagnostic and prognostic tumour classification. claudin-3 has been identified as a receptor for clostridium perfringens enterotoxin, which is under consideration for selective lysis of claudin-3-expressing tumours, particularly brain metastases, and other translationa ...201627943232
the adherent abilities of clostridium perfringens strains are critical for the pathogenesis of avian necrotic enteritis.necrotic enteritis of poultry is an emerging disease of substantial economic importance, but aspects of the pathogenesis of this multi-factorial disease are still unclear. we recently demonstrated that the ability of avian strains of the causative bacterium, clostridium perfringens, to bind to specific collagen types correlated strongly with their virulence and we postulated that binding of the pathogen to collagen types iv and v and gelatin may involve the putative adhesin-encoding gene cnaa, w ...201627938683
a canine-specific probiotic product in treating acute or intermittent diarrhea in dogs: a double-blind placebo-controlled efficacy study.a double-blind placebo-controlled intervention study on 60 dogs recruited from a pool of canine patients visiting a veterinary practice and diagnosed with acute diarrhea was conducted. the dogs received in randomized manner either a sour-milk product containing three canine-derived lactobacillus sp. probiotics in combination of lactobacillus fermentum vet 9a, l. rhamnosus vet 16a, and l. plantarum vet 14a (2×10(9)cfu/ml), or placebo. stool consistency, general well-being, and the numbers of spec ...201627938673
microscale measurements of michaelis-menten constants of neuraminidase with nanogel capillary electrophoresis for the determination of the sialic acid linkage.phospholipid nanogels enhance the stability and performance of the exoglycosidase enzyme neuraminidase and are used to create a fixed zone of enzyme within a capillary. with nanogels, there is no need to covalently immobilize the enzyme, as it is physically constrained. this enables rapid quantification of michaelis-menten constants (km) for different substrates and ultimately provides a means to quantify the linkage (i.e., 2-3 versus 2-6) of sialic acids. the fixed zone of enzyme is inexpensive ...201727936604
in vitro selective growth-inhibitory effect of 8-hydroxyquinoline on clostridium perfringens versus bifidobacteria in a medium containing chicken ileal digesta.clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis is generally controlled by antibiotics. however, because of increasing antibiotic resistance, other antibacterial agents are required, preferably ones that do not affect the beneficial intestinal microbiota of the host. this study evaluated the in vitro selective growth-inhibitory effect of 8-hydroxyquinoline (8hq) on c. perfringens vs. bifidobacteria in a medium containing chicken ileal digesta. prior to the experiments, the minimum inhibitory ...201627936245
fulminant clostridium perfringens sepsis in kidney transplant: a case report.infections, particularly urinary tract infections, and cardiovascular accidents are the main causes of morbidity and mortality during the 1st year after kidney transplantation (kt). bacteria and viruses, such as escherichia coli, enteroccoci, and polyoma bk virus are common in the 1st 6 months, so they are controlled routinely. on the other hand, clostridium perfringens infection is a rare life-threatening condition, associated with a high mortality rate especially in the transplant population, ...201627932159
structural and biochemical characterization of the clostridium perfringens autolysin catalytic domain.bacterial autolysins can partially hydrolyze cell wall peptidoglycans into small sections to regulate cell separation/division and the growth phase. clostridium perfringens autolysin (acp) has an n-terminal cell wall-binding domain and a c-terminal catalytic domain with glucosaminidase activity that belongs to the glycoside hydrolase 73 family. here, we determined the x-ray structure of the acp catalytic domain (acpcd) at 1.76 å resolution. acpcd has a unique crescent-shaped structure, forming a ...201727926788
a chicken intestinal ligated loop model to study the virulence of clostridium perfringens isolates recovered from antibiotic-free chicken flocks.necrotic enteritis (ne) is a major problem in antibiotic-free (abf) chicken flocks and specific strains of clostridium perfringens are known to induce ne. the objective of this study was to develop a chicken intestinal ligated loop model in order to compare the virulence of various c. perfringens strains recovered from consecutive abf flocks with and without ne. intestinal loops were surgically prepared in 10 anaesthetized specific-pathogen-free chickens and alternately inoculated with c. perfri ...201727917645
broad-spectrum of antimicrobial properties of commercial wines from different vitis vinifera l. varieties.fifteen commercial wines produced from international and autochthonic varieties of vitis vinifera l. cultivation of different balkan winegrowing subregions were studied for their antimicrobial activity against six gram-positive (clostridium perfringens, bacillus subtilis, staphylococcus aureus, listeria inocua, sarcina lutea and micrococcus flavus) and six gram-negative (escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella enteritidis, shigella sonnei, klebsiella pneumonia and proteus vulgaris) ...201727905092
tolerance of clostridium perfringens biofilms to disinfectants commonly used in the food industry.clostridium perfringens is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause food poisoning in humans and various enterotoxemia in animal species. recently, it was shown to form mono-species biofilms, a structured community of bacterial cells enclosed in a self-produced extracellular matrix. biofilms have been associated with tolerance to antibiotics, disinfectants, and physical and environmental stresses. very little is known about the tolerance of c. perfringens biofilm toward disinfectants. in the pre ...201727889162
the microbiota of marketed processed edible insects as revealed by high-throughput sequencing.entomophagy has been linked to nutritional, economic, social and ecological benefits. however, scientific studies on the potential safety risks in eating edible insects need to be carried out for legislators, markets and consumers. in this context, the microbiota of edible insects deserves to be deeply investigated. the aim of this study was to elucidate the microbial species occurring in some processed marketed edible insects, namely powdered small crickets, whole dried small crickets (acheta d ...201727889142
massive haemolysis, gas-forming liver abscess and sepsis due to clostridium perfringens bacteraemia.clostridial soft tissue infections are infrequent, but can be life-threatening when associated with certain underlying conditions, such as immunosuppression or malignancy. when bacteraemia occurs, it can be accompanied by haemolysis. only surgical removal of the focus of infection and early onset of antibiotic therapy can prevent a very poor outcome. we describe the case of a man aged 65 years who presented with sepsis, haemolysis and rapid worsening. the identification of a gas-forming liver ab ...201627888224
design and expression of a chimeric vaccine candidate for avian necrotic enteritis.necrotic enteritis is an economically important disease of poultry mainly caused by clostridium perfringens the bacteria release multiple toxins of which netb, alpha toxin and tpel have been reported to play important roles in pathogenicity and/or severity of the disease. in this study, the sequence of clostridial toxins netb, alpha toxin and tpel were analyzed using bioinformatics tools to determine protein domains with high immunogenicity factor. several chimeric trivalent proteins consisting ...201727887025
notes from the field: clostridium perfringens gastroenteritis outbreak associated with a catered lunch - north carolina, november 2015.during november 2015, the north carolina division of public health was notified by the pitt county health department (pchd) that approximately 40 persons who attended a catered company thanksgiving lunch the previous day were ill with diarrhea and abdominal pain. the north carolina division of public health and pchd worked together to investigate the source of illness and implement control measures. within hours of notification, investigators developed and distributed an online survey to all lun ...201627880750
recombinant alpha, beta, and epsilon toxins of clostridium perfringens: production strategies and applications as veterinary vaccines.clostridium perfringens is a spore-forming, commensal, ubiquitous bacterium that is present in the gastrointestinal tract of healthy humans and animals. this bacterium produces up to 18 toxins. the species is classified into five toxinotypes (a-e) according to the toxins that the bacterium produces: alpha, beta, epsilon, or iota. each of these toxinotypes is associated with myriad different, frequently fatal, illnesses that affect a range of farm animals and humans. alpha, beta, and epsilon toxi ...201627879630
enterocin b3a-b3b produced by lab collected from infant faeces: potential utilization in the food industry for listeria monocytogenes biofilm management.enterococcus faecalis b3a-b3b produces the bacteriocin b3a-b3b with activity against listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and clostridium perfringens, but apparently not against fungi or gram-negative bacteria, except for salmonella newport. b3a-b3b enterocin has two different nucleotides but similar amino acid composition to the class iib mr10a-mr10b enterocin. b3a-b3b consists of two peptides of predicted molecular mass of 5176.31 da ...201727878401
clostridium perfringens sialidases: potential contributors to intestinal pathogenesis and therapeutic targets.clostridium perfringens is a major cause of histotoxic and intestinal infections of humans and other animals. this gram-positive anaerobic bacterium can produce up to three sialidases named nanh, nani, and nanj. the role of sialidases in histotoxic infections, such as gas gangrene (clostridial myonecrosis), remains equivocal. however, recent in vitro studies suggest that nani may contribute to intestinal virulence by upregulating production of some toxins associated with intestinal infection, in ...201627869757
spatial and temporal microbial pollution patterns in a tropical estuary during high and low river flow conditions.spatial and temporal patterns of coastal microbial pollution are not well documented. our study examined these patterns through measurements of fecal indicator bacteria (fib), nutrients, and physiochemical parameters in hilo bay, hawai'i, during high and low river flow. >40% of samples tested positive for the human-associated bacteroides marker, with highest percentages near rivers. other fib were also higher near rivers, but only clostridium perfringens concentrations were related to discharge. ...201727866724
targeting and alteration of tight junctions by bacteria and their virulence factors such as clostridium perfringens enterotoxin.the integrity of tight junctions, which regulate paracellular permeability, is challenged by many bacterial pathogens. this is caused by inflammatory responses triggered by pathogens and direct interaction of bacteria or their toxins with host epithelial cells. in some cases, tight junction proteins represent receptors for cell surface proteins or toxins of the pathogen, such as clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe). cpe causes diarrhea and cramps-the symptoms of a common foodborne illness, ...201727864644
isolation and molecular characterization of clostridium perfringens from healthy merino lambs in patagonia region, argentina.the presence and molecular characterization of clostridium perfringens in healthy merino lambs over a six-month period was investigated in this study. overall, a high prevalence of c. perfringens was detected, even in day-old lambs. even though the majority of the isolates were characterized as being of type a, types c and d were also isolated. furthermore, a high genetic diversity was observed by pfge among the type a isolates.201727847333
fecal microbiota in pouchitis and ulcerative colitis.to investigate the changes in microbiota in feces of patients with ulcerative colitis (uc) and pouchitis using genomic technology.201627833384
genomic diversity of clostridium perfringens strains isolated from food and human sources.clostridium perfringens is a serious pathogen which causes enteric diseases in domestic animals and food poisoning in humans. spores can survive cooking processes and play an important role in the possible onset of disease. in this study, rapd-pcr and rep-pcr were used to examine the genetic diversity of 49 isolates of c. perfringens type a from three different sources. the results of rapd-pcr revealed the most genetic diversity among poultry isolates, while human isolates showed the least genet ...201627822244
role of rnase y in clostridium perfringens mrna decay and processing.rnase y is a major endoribonuclease that plays a crucial role in mrna degradation and processing. we study the role of rnase y in the gram-positive anaerobic pathogen clostridium perfringens, which until now has not been well understood. our study implies an important role for rnase y-mediated rna degradation and processing in virulence gene expression and the physiological development of the organism. we began by constructing an rnase y conditional knockdown strain in order to observe the impor ...201727821608
receptor-binding and uptake of binary actin-adp-ribosylating toxins.binary actin-adp-ribosylating toxins (e.g., clostridium botulinum c2 toxin or clostridium perfringens iota toxin ) consist of two separate proteins: an adp-ribosyltransferase, which modifies actin thereby inhibiting actin polymerization, and a binding component that forms heptamers after proteolytic activation. while c2 toxin interacts with carbohydrate structures on host cells, the group of iota-like toxins binds to lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (lsr). here, we review lsr and discus ...201627817176
plasma membrane origin of the steroidogenic pool of cholesterol used in hormone-induced acute steroid formation in leydig cells.hormone-sensitive acute steroid biosynthesis requires trafficking of cholesterol from intracellular sources to the inner mitochondrial membrane. the precise location of the intracellular cholesterol and its transport mechanism are uncertain. perfringolysin o, produced by clostridium perfringens, binds cholesterol. its fourth domain (d4) retains cholesterol-binding properties but not cytotoxicity. we transfected steroidogenic ma-10 cells of mouse leydig cell tumors with the mcherry-d4 plasmid. ta ...201627815506
dissemination of clostridium difficile in food and the environment: significant sources of c. difficile community-acquired infection?clostridium difficile is a significant pathogen with over 300 000 cases reported in north america annually. previously, it was thought that c. difficile was primarily a clinically associated infection. however, through the use of whole genome sequencing it has been revealed that the majority of cases are community acquired. the source of community-acquired c. difficile infections (cdi) is open to debate with foodborne being one route considered. clostridium difficile fits the criteria of a foodb ...201727813268
non-toxic perfringolysin o and α-toxin derivatives as potential vaccine candidates against bovine necrohaemorrhagic enteritis.bovine necrohaemorrhagic enteritis is a fatal clostridium perfringens type a-induced disease that is characterised by sudden death. recently the involvement of perfringolysin o and α-toxin in the development of necrohaemorrhagic lesions in the gut of calves was suggested, and thus derivatives of these toxins are potentially suitable as vaccine antigens. in the current study, the perfringolysin o derivative pfo(l491d), alone or in combination with α-toxin derivative gst-cpa247-370, was evaluated ...201627810219
microbiological and chemical evaluation of helix spp. snails from local and non-eu markets, utilised as food in sardinia.with this study, 28 pools of snails of the genus helix, respectively helix aspersa (n=24) and helix vermiculata (n=4) were analysed. they were taken from snail farming and stores. the snails were from sardinia, other regions of italy, and from abroad. all the samples were examined as pool looking for these microbiological target: salmonella spp., listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli o157, clostridium perfringens, norovirus and hepatitis a virus (hav). in the same pools, the concentration of ...201427800346
Refresh
firstprev
12345678910...
nextlast
Displaying items 101 - 200 of 8688