Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| the impact of a computerized clinical decision support tool on inappropriate clostridium difficile testing. | objective to evaluate the effectiveness of a computerized clinical decision support intervention aimed at reducing inappropriate clostridium difficile testing design retrospective cohort study setting university of pennsylvania health system, comprised of 3 large tertiary-care hospitals patients all adult patients admitted over a 2-year period intervention providers were required to use an order set integrated into a commercial electronic health record to order c. difficile toxin testing. the or ... | 2017 | 28760168 |
| nonantimicrobial drug targets for clostridium difficile infections. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a major public health problem worldwide. treatment has become complicated due to the emergence of strains with increased toxigenicity and sporulation rate, together with rampant antibiotics use that disrupts colonization resistance of the colonic microbiota. as a result, there is a critical need for nonantibiotic treatments. therapies based on inhibiting the toxins, bacterial structures responsible for colonization, virulence and restoration of the gut mi ... | 2017 | 28759258 |
| acute appendicitis: an extracolonic manifestation of clostridium difficile colitis. | the current report is the case of a 30-year-old male patient who presented with symptomatology suggestive of appendicitis. however, careful history-taking and laboratory tests led to the diagnosis of clostridium difficile colitis, resulting in successful nonsurgical management of this patient. although both appendicitis and c. difficile colitis are common conditions, they are rarely diagnosed concurrently. this is reflected by paucity of literature describing this manifestation. given this curre ... | 2017 | 28757875 |
| associations between antimicrobial stewardship program elements and clostridium difficile infection performance. | hospitals are categorized as better, no different, or worse at a national level based on their clostridium difficile infection performance. institutional antimicrobial stewardship programs seek to decrease the occurrence of c difficile by implementing strategies to address antibiotic usage; however, optimal structure and strategies for accomplishing this remain largely unknown. we found that a higher proportion of hospitals with either a worse or no different rank used a postprescription audit a ... | 2017 | 28757087 |
| underutilization of norovirus testing in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients at a large cancer center. | the development of a new laboratory-developed norovirus assay provided an opportunity to assess testing patterns, incidence, and outcomes of norovirus among hematopoietic cell transplant (hct) recipients. clostridium difficile and norovirus tests from 1,393 hct recipients were compared in these analyses. in this population of high-risk patients, norovirus appeared to occur seasonally, but testing was infrequent despite a correlation with more severe disease when compared with patients with c dif ... | 2017 | 28757083 |
| burden of clostridium difficile infections in french hospitals in 2014 from the national health insurance perspective. | objective to describe the hospital stays of patients with clostridium difficile infection (cdi) and to measure the hospitalization costs of cdi (as primary and secondary diagnoses) from the french national health insurance perspective design burden of illness study setting all acute-care hospitals in france methods data were extracted from the french national hospitalization database (pmsi) for patients covered by the national health insurance scheme in 2014. hospitalizations were selected using ... | 2017 | 28756805 |
| antibiotic overuse is a major risk factor for clostridium difficile infection in surgical patients. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is associated with increased cost, morbidity, and mortality in postoperative patients. variable rates of postoperative cdi are reported among 4 surgical specialties during the 30-month study period. risk factors for cdi include antibiotic use, increased asa score, and increased admissions in the past year. | 2017 | 28756789 |
| organoid culture systems to study host-pathogen interactions. | recent advances in host-microbe interaction studies in organoid cultures have shown great promise and have laid the foundation for much more refined future studies using these systems. modeling of zika virus (zikv) infection in cerebral organoids have helped us understand its association with microcephaly. similarly, the pathogenesis of bacterial (helicobacter pylori, clostridium difficile) and viral (norovirus, rotaviruses) infections have been precisely dissected in organoid cultures. addition ... | 2017 | 28756233 |
| outcomes of clostridium difficile-infected patients managed in a common isolation unit compared with isolation in their bed of diagnosis. | cohorting clostridium difficile infection (cdi) patients is a strategy which has not been thoroughly evaluated. we compared clinical characteristics and outcomes of cdi patients treated in a common isolation unit (ciu) versus those treated in their bed of diagnosis. patients treated in the ciu showed lower mortality rates and antibiotic usage; however, a higher recurrence rate was reported. | 2017 | 28754222 |
| evaluation of viral surrogate markers for study of pathogen dissemination during simulations of patient care. | during patient care simulations, cauliflower mosaic virus dna and bacteriophage ms2 performed similarly as surrogate markers of pathogen dissemination. these markers disseminated to the environment in a manner similar to clostridium difficile spores but were more frequently detected on skin and clothing of personnel after personal protective equipment removal. | 2017 | 28752103 |
| performance evaluation of the verigene(®)clostridium difficile nucleic acid test, an automated multiplex molecular testing system for detection of c. difficile toxin. | the verigene(®)clostridium difficile nucleic acid test (verigene(®) cdf test) is an automatic and rapid detection system for the genes encoding tcda, tcdb, binary toxin, and the single nucleotide deletion at base pair 117 in the tcdc based on microarray and pcr amplification. we compared the performance of the verigene(®) cdf test to that of two enzyme immunoassays, c. diff quik chek complete and x/pect toxin a/b, using 118 specimens. we found overall concordance rates of 81.4% and 78.8% between ... | 2017 | 28751156 |
| isolation of six novel 7-oxo- or urso-type secondary bile acid-producing bacteria from rat cecal contents. | understanding the dynamics of secondary bile acid (sba) formation in the gut by sba-producing bacteria is important for host health, as sbas have been shown to affect host pathophysiology and gut microbiota composition. however, our knowledge of sba producers is limited in light of the diversity of gut microbes. here, we isolated six novel sba-producing bacteria from rat cecal contents, all of which were members of known species of gut microbes. anaerostipes caccae d10, bacteroides nordii c5, cl ... | 2017 | 28751127 |
| susceptibilities of clinical clostridium difficile isolates to antimicrobials: a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies since 1970. | although exposure to antibiotics can cause c. difficile infection, certain antibiotics are used to treat c. difficile. the measurements of antimicrobial clostridium difficile activity could help identifying antibiotic risk and emergent resistance. here, we describe publication patterns relating to c. difficile susceptibilities and estimate minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) for antibiotic classes in the published literature between january, 1970 and june, 2014. | 2017 | 28750918 |
| the present status of fecal microbiota transplantation and its value in the elderly. | purpose of review: this article will review current literature describing fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) in the treatment of various diseases, and its potential role in elderly patients (age ≥ 65 years). | 2017 | 28748314 |
| beneficial effect of bifidobacterium longum atcc 15707 on survival rate of clostridium difficile infection in mice. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is the main cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea that can cause colitis or even death. the medical-treatment cost and deaths caused by cdi are increasing annually worldwide. new approaches for prevention and treatment of these infections are needed, such as the use of probiotics. probiotics, including bifidobacterium spp. and lactobacillus, are microorganisms that confer a health benefit to the host when administered in adequate amounts. the effect of bifidob ... | 2017 | 28747822 |
| anaerobic bacteria growth in the presence of cathelicidin ll-37 and selected ceragenins delivered as magnetic nanoparticles cargo. | cationic antibacterial peptides (caps) and synthetic molecules mimicking the amphiphilic structure of caps, such as ceragenins, are promising compounds for the development of new antimicrobials. | 2017 | 28747178 |
| fecal transplantation as a treatment for clostridium difficile infection in patients with ulcerative colitis. | clostridium difficile (cd) infection is currently the most frequent etiology of nosocomial diarrhea. besides, its incidence is progressively increasing in ambulatory patients. inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) is a risk factor of cd infection itself, but also due to the regular immunosuppressive treatment used in these patients. at the present time, fecal transplantation (ft) is a safe and cost-effective alternative if the previous antibiotic treatments have failed. similar outcomes between patie ... | 2017 | 28747056 |
| bezlotoxumab: a new drug for the toxic effects of clostridium difficile. | 2017 | 28746120 | |
| bezlotoxumab: a new drug for the toxic effects of clostridium difficile. | 2017 | 28746119 | |
| magnitude and direction of the association between clostridium difficile infection and proton pump inhibitors in adults and pediatric patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a cause of increased morbidity and health care costs among hospitalized patients. proton pump inhibitors (ppis) are mainly used for the treatment of acid-related upper gastrointestinal diseases. the aim of the study was to assess the risks associated with initial and recurrent cdi in adult and pediatric patients treated with ppis. | 2017 | 28744822 |
| protection of hamsters from mortality by reducing fecal moxifloxacin concentration with dav131a in a model of moxifloxacin-induced clostridium difficile colitis. | lowering the gut exposure to antibiotics during treatments can prevent microbiota disruption. we evaluated the effect of an activated charcoal-based adsorbent, dav131a, on fecal free moxifloxacin concentration and mortality in a hamster model of moxifloxacin-induced c. difficile infection. | 2017 | 28739791 |
| molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of clostridium difficile isolated from the chinese people's liberation army general hospital in china. | clostridium difficile is a gram-positive, spore-forming obligate anaerobe responsible for antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. its virulence is associated with the production of endotoxins a and b and endospores, which can cause symptoms, such as diarrhoea, toxic megacolon, and pseudomembranous colitis. given the increasing elderly population and the well-recognized problem of over-prescribing of broad-spectrum antibiotics, it is critical to have an understanding of molecular epidemiology and antimi ... | 2017 | 28736259 |
| [recovery from episodes of clostridium difficile infection following the implementation of a consensus document]. | 2017 | 28734905 | |
| response to letter of k. singh, 'role of silver nitrate in the efficacy of hydrogen peroxide aerial decontamination systems' regarding s. ali et al. 'efficacy of two hydrogen peroxide vapour aerial decontamination systems for enhanced disinfection of meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, klebsiella pneumoniae and clostridium difficile in single isolation rooms'. | 2017 | 28734723 | |
| clostridium perfringens and c. difficile in parvovirus-positive dogs. | the aim of this study was to investigate clostridium difficile and clostridium perfringens in 82 diarrheic dogs positive for canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv). enterotoxigenic c. perfringens type a was isolated from three (3.6%) dogs. one (1.2%) strain was also positive for nete- and netf-encoding genes, which are commonly associated with diarrhea in dogs. toxigenic c. difficile was isolated from one animal (1.2%), which was also positive for a/b toxins. the present study identified c. difficile an ... | 2017 | 28733230 |
| what do visitors know and how do they feel about contact precautions? | patients with clostridium difficile infection (cdi) are placed in contact precautions. we surveyed 31 visitors of cdi patients to understand their compliance, knowledge, and perceptions of contact precautions. although most visitors knew where to find the required personal protective equipment, only 42% were fully compliant with gown and gloves. family members accounted for 90% of visitors, and roughly half of the reasons given for not gowning were related to a lack of perceived risk for family ... | 2017 | 28732742 |
| impact of simultaneous glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) and toxin a/b rapid immunoassay on clostridium difficile diagnosis and treatment in hospitalized patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea in a university hospital of brazil. | clostridium difficile is a major cause of health care-associated infection, but disagreement between diagnostic tests is an ongoing barrier to clinical decision making. conventional enzyme immunoassay (eia) for toxin detection is currently the most frequently used technique for cdi diagnosis, but its low sensitivity makes the development of an alternative strategy necessary for improving the diagnosis in developing countries. | 2017 | 28730697 |
| bezlotoxumab: a novel agent for the prevention of recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | over the last decade, the incidence and severity of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) have significantly increased, leading to a rise in cdi-associated hospitalizations, health care costs, and mortality. although treatment options exist for cdi, recurrence is frequent following treatment. furthermore, patients with at least one cdi recurrence are at an increased risk of developing additional recurrences. a novel approach to the prevention of recurrent cdi is the use of monoclonal antibodies ... | 2017 | 28730660 |
| clinical characteristics and ultrasonographic findings of acute bacterial enterocolitis in children. | this study clarified the bacterial pathogens currently causing acute infectious enterocolitis (aie) in children and evaluated the clinical characteristics and ultrasonographic findings according to the different pathogens. | 2017 | 28730135 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of clostridium difficile isolates in israel. | an increase of clostridium difficile isolates with reduced susceptibility to various antimicrobial agents has been observed, including isolates that are non-susceptible to antibiotics that are routinely used for treatment of c. difficile, such as vancomycin and metronidazole. we determined the susceptibility rates of c. difficile isolates from hospitals in northern israel to various antibiotics including tigecycline, which was not previously reported from israel. | 2017 | 28729205 |
| perceptions of clostridium difficile infections among infection control professionals in taiwan. | high clostridium difficile colonization and infection rates among hospitalized patients had been noted in taiwan. nevertheless, the cognition about clinical diagnosis and management of cdi among infection control professionals in taiwan is not clear. | 2017 | 28728905 |
| detection of clostridium difficile antigen and toxin in stool specimens: comparison of the c. difficile quik chek complete enzyme immunoassay and genexpert c. difficile polymerase chain reaction assay. | accurate and rapid laboratory diagnosis of clostridium difficile infections (cdi) remains a significant challenge. a two-step algorithm for detection of toxigenic c. difficile in stool based on initial screening for glutamate dehydrogenase assay followed by confirmation by toxin a+b detection using an enzyme immunoassay (eia) or molecular assay has been proposed. we aimed to evaluate the c. difficile quik chek complete® (qcc-eia) versus the genexpert® c. difficile polymerase chain reaction (pcr) ... | 2017 | 28721981 |
| clinicians should assess the benefits and risks of using bezlotoxumab for reducing the risk of recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | 2017 | 28716810 | |
| gemcitabine associated pseudocellulitis: a missed diagnosis. | we report a case of a 51-year-old male with past medical history significant for cholangiocarcinoma presented with two weeks of worsening bilateral lower extremity swelling and erythema. patient has been on active chemotherapy for his cholangiocarcinoma with gemcitabine weekly infusions. physical exam was significant for bilaterally petechial rash coalescing into ecchymoses over the dorsum of the feet, sparing soles and toes, which dissipated into thinning petechiae more proximally. on labs he d ... | 2017 | 28714381 |
| gender differences in non-toxigenic clostridium difficile colonization and risk of subsequent c. difficile infection. | previous studies suggest that colonization with non-toxigenic clostridium difficile may protect against toxigenic c. difficile infection (cdi), yet most of the studies were conducted in men. therefore, we conducted a study to examine this hypothesis in both genders. | 2015 | 28713874 |
| excess mortality between 2007 and 2014 among patients with clostridium difficile infection: a french health insurance database analysis. | the impact of cdi (clostridium difficile infections) on mortality is controversial. | 2017 | 28712548 |
| vaccines in development for the primary prevention of clostridium difficile infection. | 2017 | 28712463 | |
| multicenter collaboration study on the β-lactam resistant enterobacteriaceae in japan - the 65th anniversary public interest purpose project of the japanese society of chemotherapy. | this study was conducted using the same method of the "1-day multicenter collaborative research for clostridium difficile infectious". this surveillance study was performed by 38 participating medical facilities across japan. of the 268 fecal specimens collected in this study, 5 (1.9%) carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (cre) were judged carbapenem resistant by the criteria of the infectious disease act, japan (2 mg/l or more and 64 mg/l or more mics for imipenem and cefmetazole, respective ... | 2017 | 28709901 |
| chemical genomics, structure elucidation, and in vivo studies of the marine-derived anticlostridial ecteinamycin. | a polyether antibiotic, ecteinamycin (1), was isolated from a marine actinomadura sp., cultivated from the ascidian ecteinascidia turbinata. (13)c enrichment, high resolution nmr spectroscopy, and molecular modeling enabled elucidation of the structure of 1, which was validated on the basis of comparisons with its recently reported crystal structure. importantly, ecteinamycin demonstrated potent activity against the toxigenic strain of clostridium difficile nap1/b1/027 (mic = 59 ng/μl), as well ... | 2017 | 28708379 |
| systematic review with meta-analysis: the efficacy of faecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of recurrent and refractory clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is the commonest nosocomial cause of diarrhoea. faecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is an approved treatment for recurrent or refractory cdi but there is uncertainty about its use. | 2017 | 28707337 |
| clostridium difficile, colitis, and colonoscopy: pediatric perspective. | review tests available for detection of clostridium difficile (c. diff) induced disease, including when such tests should be done in children and how they should be interpreted. | 2017 | 28707191 |
| use of a neutralizing antibody helps identify structural features critical for binding of clostridium difficile toxin tcda to the host cell surface. | clostridium difficile is a clinically significant pathogen that causes mild-to-severe (and often recurrent) colon infections. disease symptoms stem from the activities of two large, multi-domain toxins known as tcda and tcdb. the toxins can bind, enter, and perturb host cell function through a multi-step mechanism of receptor binding, endocytosis, pore formation, autoproteolysis, and glucosyltransferase-mediated modification of host substrates. monoclonal antibodies that neutralize toxin activit ... | 2017 | 28705932 |
| prevalence and risk factors for colonization by clostridium difficile and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae in rehabilitation clinics in germany. | rehabilitation clinics may vary widely in terms of type of care provided, duration of hospital stay, and case severity. few data are available on prevalence of clostridium difficile or extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae (esbl-e) colonization in rehabilitation clinics in germany. | 2017 | 28705583 |
| intestinal calcium and bile salts facilitate germination of clostridium difficile spores. | clostridium difficile (c. difficile) is an anaerobic gram-positive pathogen that is the leading cause of nosocomial bacterial infection globally. c. difficile infection (cdi) typically occurs after ingestion of infectious spores by a patient that has been treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics. while cdi is a toxin-mediated disease, transmission and pathogenesis are dependent on the ability to produce viable spores. these spores must become metabolically active (germinate) in order to cause dis ... | 2017 | 28704538 |
| treatment of decubitis ulcer stage iv in the patient with polytrauma and vertical share pelvic fracture, diagnosed entherocollitis and deep wound infection with clostridium difficile with combined negative pressure wound therapy (npwt) and faecal management system: case report. | the aim of this paper was to present a case with the successful treatment of decubitis ulcer stage iv in the patient with polytrauma and vertical share pelvic fracture and diagnosed entherocollitis combined with deep wound infection with clostridium difficile treated with combined negative pressure wound therapy (npwt) and faecal management system. | 2017 | 28698756 |
| high in vitro activity of fidaxomicin against clostridium difficile isolates from a university teaching hospital in china. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in both the acute care setting and the wider healthcare system. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of fidaxomicin against c.difficile isolates from a university teaching hospital in china. | 2017 | 28693926 |
| acquisition of clostridium difficile colonization and infection after transfer from a veterans affairs hospital to an affiliated long-term care facility. | background clostridium difficile infection (cdi) and asymptomatic carriage of toxigenic c. difficile are common in long-term care facilities (ltcfs). however, whether c. difficile is frequently acquired in the ltcf versus during acute-care admissions remains unknown. objective to test the hypothesis that ltcf residents often acquire c. difficile colonization and infection in the ltcf design this 5-month cohort study was conducted to determine the incidence of acquisition of c. difficile coloniza ... | 2017 | 28693636 |
| risk of surgical site infection, acute kidney injury, and clostridium difficile infection following antibiotic prophylaxis with vancomycin plus a beta-lactam versus either drug alone: a national propensity-score-adjusted retrospective cohort study. | the optimal regimen for perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis is controversial. use of combination prophylaxis with a beta-lactam plus vancomycin is increasing; however, the relative risks and benefits associated with this strategy are unknown. thus, we sought to compare postoperative outcomes following administration of 2 antimicrobials versus a single agent for the prevention of surgical site infections (ssis). potential harms associated with combination regimens, including acute kidney inju ... | 2017 | 28692690 |
| detection of toxigenic clostridium difficile in paediatric patients. | our main objective was a revision of clinical, microbiological and epidemiological results of clostridium difficile-associated infection in paediatric patients (2010-2015). we compared the diagnoses performed by detection of toxins in feces and those performed by real-time pcr. | 2017 | 28689671 |
| room occupancy-associated transmission of mdro, clostridium difficile, or norovirus: results from a room surveillance project. | 2017 | 28689514 | |
| description and validation of a new automated surveillance system for clostridium difficile in denmark. | the surveillance of clostridium difficile (cd) in denmark consists of laboratory based data from departments of clinical microbiology (dcms) sent to the national registry of enteric pathogens (nrep). we validated a new surveillance system for cd based on the danish microbiology database (miba). miba automatically collects microbiological test results from all danish dcms. we built an algorithm to identify positive test results for cd recorded in miba. a cd case was defined as a person with a pos ... | 2017 | 28689506 |
| clostridium difficile infection in contemporary urologic practice. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a high-impact hospital acquired condition and chief driver of excess morbidity, mortality, and treatment cost. diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of clostridium difficile infection is key component of any hospital based practice. urologists see a small percentage of all patients with cdi, however they traditionally utilize antibiotic agents that put patients at risk for cdi. urologic procedures making use of bowel have a significantly higher rate of cdi ... | 2017 | 28688849 |
| adrenal crisis in metastatic breast cancer. | a female patient with oestrogen receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (her2)-positive invasive lobular breast cancer presented with progressive disease on ct scan. some days after initiation of antineoplastic chemotherapy and anti-her2 targeted antibody therapy, the patient presented with profuse diarrhoea, neutropaenia, nausea and weakness. although clostridium difficile was rapidly tackled as a causative agent of gastrointestinal complaints, clinical situation did not ... | 2017 | 28687693 |
| prevalence and characteristics of clostridium perfringens and clostridium difficile in dogs and cats attended in diverse veterinary clinics from the madrid region. | despite extensive research on the epidemiology of pathogenic clostridia in dogs and cats, most published studies focus on a selected animal population and/or a single veterinary medical centre. we assessed the burden of clostridium perfringens and c. difficile shedding by small animals in 17 veterinary clinics located within the madrid region (spain) and differing in size, number and features of animals attended and other relevant characteristics. in addition, we studied the genetic diversity an ... | 2017 | 28687280 |
| antimicrobial stewardship approaches in the intensive care unit. | antimicrobial stewardship programs aim to monitor, improve, and measure responsible antibiotic use. the intensive care unit (icu), with its critically ill patients and prevalence of multiple drug-resistant pathogens, presents unique challenges. this article reviews approaches to stewardship with application to the icu, including the value of diagnostics, principles of empirical and definitive therapy, and measures of effectiveness. there is good evidence that antimicrobial stewardship results in ... | 2017 | 28687210 |
| recreational sandboxes for children and dogs can be a source of epidemic ribotypes of clostridium difficile. | different studies have suggested that the sand of public playgrounds could have a role in the transmission of infections, particularly in children. furthermore, free access of pets and other animals to the playgrounds might increase such a risk. we studied the presence of clostridium difficile in 20 pairs of sandboxes for children and dogs located in different playgrounds within the madrid region (spain). clostridium difficile isolation was performed by enrichment and selective culture procedure ... | 2017 | 28686001 |
| present and past perspectives on clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile is a gram-positive bacillus that has become one of the main hospital-acquired human gastrointestinal infections in recent years. its incidence is on the rise, involving more virulent strains, affecting new and previously uncontemplated groups of patients, and producing changes in clinical presentation and treatment response that influence disease outcome. early diagnosis and disease stratification based on the severity of c.difficile infection are essential for therapeutic ... | 2017 | 28684034 |
| gut microbiota in health, diverticular disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and inflammatory bowel diseases: time for microbial marker of gastrointestinal disorders? | few data exist on differences in gut microbiota composition among principal gastrointestinal (gi) diseases. we evaluated the differences in gut microbiota composition among uncomplicated diverticular disease (dd), irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) and inflammatory bowel diseases (ibd) patients. dd, ibs, and ibd patients along with healthy controls (ct) were enrolled in our italian gi outpatient clinic. stool samples were collected. microbiota composition was evaluated through a metagenomic gene-tar ... | 2017 | 28683448 |
| vancomycin vs metronidazole for clostridium difficile infection: focus on recurrence and mortality. | 2017 | 28681270 | |
| increasing incidence of clostridium difficile ribotype 001 associated with severe course of the infection and previous fluoroquinolone use in the czech republic, 2015. | the aim of the study was to provide an update on the epidemiology of c. difficile infection (cdi) in a representative number of hospitals within the czech republic in 2015. in 2015, twenty-eight czech hospitals were invited to participate in a cdi study. laboratories sent the first 20 consecutive c. difficile isolates for characterization by capillary-electrophoresis (ce) ribotyping and the presence of toxin genes and collected patient data on previous hospitalization, antibiotic treatment, the ... | 2017 | 28681203 |
| outcome after discontinuation of proton pump inhibitors at a residential care site: quality improvement project. | increased prescribing of proton pump inhibitors (ppis) in the past few decades can be attributed mainly to long-term use of this type of therapy. recent evidence indicates signals of harm associated with long-term use of ppis, such as increased risk of clostridium difficile infection, recurrence of c. difficile infection, and fracture. a few studies have assessed the effectiveness of step-down management of patients receiving long-term ppi therapy in ambulatory care settings. however, it is unkn ... | 2017 | 28680175 |
| cwp2 from clostridium difficile exhibits an extended three domain fold and cell adhesion in vitro. | colonization of the gut by clostridium difficile requires the adhesion of the bacterium to host cells. a range of cell surface located factors have been linked to adhesion including the s-layer protein lmw slp and the related protein cwp66. as well as these proteins, the s-layer of c. difficile may contain many others. one such protein is cwp2. here, we demonstrate the production of a c. difficile strain 630 cwp2 knockout mutant and assess the effect on the bacterium. the mutant results in incre ... | 2017 | 28677344 |
| update on intestinal microbiota in crohn's disease 2017: mechanisms, clinical application, adverse reactions and outlook. | the pathogenesis of cd is complex and it is thought to be associated with the environment, immune, hereditary, microbe and other factors. if the balance between the host and the intestinal microbes in cd patients was broken, immune-inflammatory response of susceptible individuals might be triggered. probiotics could improve the intestinal microbial flora balance and treat human effectively. there are several new mechanisms which might explain the role of probiotics. fecal microbiota transplantat ... | 2017 | 28677158 |
| [antimicrobials : some practical considerations]. | antibiotics are frequently prescribed in hospitalized and in outpatients. we review four important aspects for their daily prescription. in elderly patients, the prescription should take into account changes in the volume of distribution and the usual decline in renal function even in the absence of chronic kidney disease. particular antibiotics can trigger infection with clostridium difficile. we discuss actual and novel strategies for its prevention. renal toxicity of antibiotics includes acut ... | 2016 | 28675267 |
| fool me thrice: the evolving story of multiply recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | 2017 | 28672286 | |
| increasing incidence of multiply recurrent clostridium difficile infection in the united states: a cohort study. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi), the most common health care-associated infection, often recurs. fecal microbiota transplantation is increasingly used to treat multiply recurrent cdi (mrcdi). | 2017 | 28672282 |
| assessment of automating safety surveillance from electronic health records: analysis for the quality and safety review system. | in an effort to improve and standardize the collection of adverse event data, the agency for healthcare research and quality is developing and testing a patient safety surveillance system called the quality and safety review system (qsrs). its current abstraction from medical records is through manual human coders, taking an average of 75 minutes to complete the review and abstraction tasks for one patient record. with many healthcare systems across the country adopting electronic health record ... | 2017 | 28671914 |
| is clostridium difficile infection a risk factor for subsequent bloodstream infection? | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a common nosocomial diarrheal illness increasingly associated with mortality in united states. the underlying factors and mechanisms behind the recent increases in morbidity from cdi have not been fully elucidated. murine models suggest a mucosal barrier breakdown leads to bacterial translocation and subsequent bloodstream infection (bsi). this study tests the hypothesis that cdi is associated with subsequent bsi in humans. | 2017 | 28669864 |
| clostridium difficile chimeric toxin receptor binding domain vaccine induced protection against different strains in active and passive challenge models. | clostridium difficile is the number one cause of nosocomial antibiotic-associated diarrhea in developed countries. historically, pathogenesis was attributed two homologous glucosylating toxins, toxin-a (tcda) and toxin-b (tcdb). over the past decade, however, highly virulent epidemic strains of c. difficile (b1/nap1/027) have emerged and are linked to an increase in morbidity and mortality. increased virulence is attributed to multiple factors including: increased production of a- and b-toxins; ... | 2017 | 28669616 |
| the effect of ultraviolet light on clostridium difficile spore recovery versus bleach alone. | 2017 | 28669367 | |
| reducing fluoroquinolone use is a key step in controlling the burden of clostridium difficile infection. | 2017 | 28668696 | |
| anesthetic agents, neurodevelopmental risk and the connection to bacterial infections. | this short communication identifies a significant flaw in research investigating the neurodevelopmental consequences of general anesthesia exposure. we have identified that chronic environmental exposure to pervasive air pollutants that are also widely used as anesthetic agents, specifically nitrous oxide (n2o), may contribute to the rising prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders. consistent with the emerging link between microbes and psychiatric illness risk, this epidemiological analysis ex ... | 2017 | 28666807 |
| impact of moving to a new hospital build, with a high proportion of single rooms, on healthcare-associated infections and outbreaks. | clostridium difficile infection, meticillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus (mssa) and escherichia coli bacteraemia rates, and bed-days lost during norovirus outbreaks at north bristol nhs trust were analysed over a five-year period to determine whether moving to a new-build hospital with 75% single rooms reduced healthcare-associated infection rates. c. difficile, mssa bacteraemia and e. coli bacteraemia showed no change in the rate of decline after the move. bed-days lost due to norovirus were ... | 2017 | 28666780 |
| a cfr-like gene cfr(c) conferring linezolid resistance is common in clostridium difficile. | clostridium difficile t10 and clostridium bolteae 90b3 were co-resistant to phenicols, lincosamides, oxazolidinones, pleuromutilins and streptogramin a (phlopsa) and harbored an unreported cfr-like determinant that may alter the 23s rrna by m(8)a2503 methylation. the cfr-like cfr(c) gene was cloned in c. difficile 630δerm in which it conferred phlopsa resistance. in c. bolteae 90b3: (i) qrt-pcr analysis indicated that cfr(c) was similarly expressed in the absence or presence of either chloramphe ... | 2017 | 28663118 |
| fatal course of takotsubo cardiomyopathy in a female with recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | among diverse triggering factors of stress-induced takotsubo cardiomyopathy (tc), a viral or bacterial infection is rarely observed. sepsis is an exception, regardless of the etiologic pathogen, in which case an excess of catecholamines may result in acute left ventricular dysfunction. tc precipitated by clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has been reported only in two patients so far. | 2017 | 28662012 |
| the role of antimicrobial sutures in preventing surgical site infection. | introduction healthcare associated infections (hcais) are falling following widespread and enforced introduction of guidelines, particularly those that have addressed antibiotic resistant pathogens such as methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus or emergent pathogens such as clostridium difficile, but no such decline has been seen in the incidence of surgical site infection (ssi), either in the uk, the eu or the us. ssi is one of the hcais, which are all avoidable complications of a surgical ... | 2017 | 28660816 |
| moxifloxacin versus levofloxacin or ciprofloxacin prophylaxis in acute myeloid leukemia patients receiving chemotherapy. | patients receiving intensive chemotherapy regimens are at high risk for infectious complications due to prolonged neutropenia and hospital stay. fluoroquinolone antibiotics, mainly levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, are the mainstay of prophylactic therapy for these patients. there is limited data regarding the utilization of other quinolone antibiotics including moxifloxacin in this setting. | 2017 | 28660351 |
| clostridium difficile toxin biology. | clostridium difficile is the cause of antibiotics-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. the pathogen produces three protein toxins: c. difficile toxins a (tcda) and b (tcdb), and c. difficile transferase toxin (cdt). the single-chain toxins tcda and tcdb are the main virulence factors. they bind to cell membrane receptors and are internalized. the nterminal glucosyltransferase and autoprotease domains of the toxins translocate from low-ph endosomes into the cytosol. after activation ... | 2017 | 28657883 |
| the remedy within: will the microbiome fulfill its therapeutic promise? | the last decade of research has witnessed a tremendous upsurge in our understanding of the intestinal microbiome and its role in a large range of human diseases, which has incited hopes for a rapid clinical utilization of the new insights for the development of microbiome-based therapies. nonetheless, only a single microbiome-targeted therapy has so far found its way into clinical routine: fecal microbiota transplantation for patients suffering from recurrent clostridium difficile infections. he ... | 2017 | 28656322 |
| clostridium difficile infection and the role of adaptive immunity in the microbiome. | 2017 | 28656028 | |
| clinical and molecular characteristics of community-acquired clostridium difficile infections in comparison with those of hospital-acquired c. difficile. | community-acquired clostridium difficile infection (ca-cdi) is a growing concern. ca-cdi differs from hospital-acquired c. difficile infection (ha-cdi) in its epidemiology, risk factors, severity, and outcomes. in this study, we investigated c. difficile infections in a tertiary care hospital in seoul, korea, and compared the ca-cdi and ha-cdi cases diagnosed in the same period. total 593 cases were confirmed as cdi in 2014, of which ca-cdi accounted for 68 (11.5%) of the total cdi cases. compar ... | 2017 | 28655581 |
| tobacco use as a screener for clostridium difficile infection outcomes. | we conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the utility of self-reported tobacco use for developing a clinical prediction rule for poor outcomes of clostridium difficile infection. we found that patients with any history of smoking were significantly less likely than never smokers to be cured of their infection within two weeks. disease recurrence, readmission within thirty days, death before treatment completion, and the severity of clostridium difficile infection were not associated ... | 2017 | 28655511 |
| a nutrient-regulated cyclic diguanylate phosphodiesterase controls clostridium difficile biofilm and toxin production during stationary phase. | the signaling molecule cyclic diguanylate (c-di-gmp) mediates physiological adaptation to extracellular stimuli in a wide range of bacteria. the complex metabolic pathways governing c-di-gmp synthesis and degradation are highly regulated, but the specific cues that impact c-di-gmp signaling are largely unknown. in the intestinal pathogen clostridium difficile, c-di-gmp inhibits flagellar motility and toxin production and promotes pilus-dependent biofilm formation, but no specific biological func ... | 2017 | 28652311 |
| probiotic containing lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus bulgaricus, and streptococcus thermophiles (actimel) for the prevention of clostridium difficile associated diarrhoea in the elderly with proximal femur fractures. | the incidence of clostridium difficile associated diarrhoea (cdad) is greater in elderly patients. probiotics may have a beneficial effect in the prevention of cdad. however, their effect in elderly orthopaedic patients has not been previously reported. between april 2013 and april 2014, 105 patients admitted with femoral neck fractures, and who required 3days of antibiotics for infection of any cause, were prescribed the probiotic actimel until 3days after the last antibiotic dose. the incidenc ... | 2017 | 28652125 |
| clostridium difficile-associated colitis post-transplant is not associated with elevation of tacrolimus concentrations. | diarrhea is a common condition after solid organ transplant (sot); clostridium difficile-associated colitis (cdac) is one of the most common infections after sot. we documented previously that some types of enteritis are associated with an elevation of tacrolimus (tac) trough concentrations by interfering with the drug's complex metabolism. | 2017 | 28650734 |
| identification of donor microbe species that colonize and persist long term in the recipient after fecal transplant for recurrent clostridium difficile. | fecal microbiota transplantation has been shown to be an effective treatment for patients with recurrent c. difficile colitis. although fecal microbiota transplantation helps to re-establish a normal gut function in patients, the extent of the repopulation of the recipient microbial community varies. to further understand this variation, it is important to determine the fate of donor microbes in the patients following fecal microbiota transplantation. we have developed a new method that utilizes ... | 2017 | 28649413 |
| use of antibiotics and the prevalence of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in patients with spinal cord injuries: an international, multi-centre study. | little is known about the use of antibiotics and the extent of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (aad) in patients with spinal cord injuries (scis). | 2017 | 28647425 |
| fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent clostridium difficile infection in children. | fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is a relatively simple, promising treatment for recurrent clostridium difficile infection. while there are a wide variety of approaches including mode of delivery, the results are nonetheless encouraging, even amongst younger children. experience with fmt in the pediatric population is increasing, showing similar success compared to adults. this article will provide an overview of c. difficile infection along with review of the rationale, methods and compli ... | 2017 | 28646951 |
| impact of end stage kidney disease on costs and outcomes of clostridium difficile infection. | to assess the impact of end stage kidney disease (eskd) on the outcomes of clostridium difficile infection (cdi), including complications of infection, length of hospital stay, overall mortality, and healthcare burden. | 2017 | 28645569 |
| impact of the nap-1 strain on disease severity, mortality, and recurrence of healthcare-associated clostridium difficile infection. | studies are conflicting regarding the association of the north american pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type 1 (nap1) strain in clostridium difficile infection (cdi) and outcomes. we evaluated the association of nap1 with healthcare-associated cdi disease severity, mortality, and recurrence at our academic medical center. | 2017 | 28645479 |
| poorer outcomes among cancer patients diagnosed with clostridium difficile infections in united states community hospitals. | cancer predisposes patients to clostridium difficile infection (cdi) due to health care exposures and medications that disrupt the gut microbiota or reduce immune response. despite this association, the national rate of cdi among cancer patients is unknown. furthermore, it is unclear how cdi affects clinical outcomes in cancer. the objective of this study was to describe cdi incidence and health outcomes nationally among cancer patients in the united states (u.s.). | 2017 | 28645266 |
| predictors of mortality in cirrhosis inpatients with clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile is a bacterial pathogen associated with significant morbidity and mortality in patients with cirrhosis. | 2017 | 28644310 |
| the effects of fasting and massive diarrhea on absorption of enteral vancomycin in critically ill patients: a retrospective observational study. | although vancomycin (vcm) is not absorbed from healthy intestinal mucosa, elevations in the serum vcm concentrations have been reported in some cases. the aims of this study are to evaluate the necessity of therapeutic drug monitoring (tdm) during enteral vcm administration in critically ill patients. | 2017 | 28642864 |
| the role of tigecycline in the management of clostridium difficile infection: a retrospective cohort study. | we aimed to compare the outcomes of patients with c.difficile infection (cdi) treated either with tigecycline associated with vancomycin, or with vancomycin alone. | 2017 | 28642147 |
| increasing rates of clostridium difficile infection in mexican hospitals. | the epidemiology of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has changed in the last two decades. there is a lack of information regarding incidence and severity of cdi, especially in the developing world. | 2017 | 28641091 |
| using probiotics in clinical practice: where are we now? a review of existing meta-analyses. | the scientific literature has demonstrated that probiotics have a broad spectrum of activity, although often the results are contradictory. this study provides a critical overview of the current meta-analyses that have evaluated the efficacy of probiotics in physiologic and pathological conditions, such as metabolic disease, antibiotic-associated and clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, ibs, constipation, ibd, chemotherapy-associated diarrhea, respiratory tract infection, ventilator-associ ... | 2017 | 28640662 |
| the effect of hospital biocide sodium dichloroisocyanurate on the viability and properties of clostridium difficile spores. | clostridium difficile is the primary cause of healthcare-associated diarrhoea globally and produces spores which are resistant to commonly used biocides and are able persist on contaminated surfaces for months. this study examined the effect of sublethal concentrations of the biocide sodium dichloroisocyanurate (nadcc) on the viability of spores produced by 21 clinical isolates of c. difficile representing a range of pcr ribotypes. spores exposed to 500 ppm nadcc for 10 min exhibited between a 4 ... | 2017 | 28639362 |
| economic barriers in the treatment of clostridium difficile infection with oral vancomycin. | vancomycin is an increasingly important option for the treatment of clostridium difficile infection, but economic barriers to its use remain significant in the outpatient setting. generic vancomycin capsules are still inexplicably expensive and not universally covered by insurers. this report highlights the potential adverse consequences of cost-related nonadherence to vancomycin therapy and the challenges that clinicians face when prescribing oral vancomycin. | 2017 | 28638841 |
| effects of liposomal-curcumin on five opportunistic bacterial strains found in the equine hindgut - preliminary study. | the horse intestinal tract is sensitive and contains a highly complex microbial population. a shift in the microbial population can lead to various issues such as inflammation and colic. the use of nutraceuticals in the equine industry is on the rise and curcumin is thought to possess antimicrobial properties that may help to minimize the proliferation of opportunistic bacteria. | 2017 | 28638626 |
| risk factors that predict recurrent clostridium difficile infections in surgical patients. | clostridium difficile (c. difficile) infection (cdi) is a serious problem mostly studied during patients' index infections. the aim of this study is to define the incidence of primary and recurrent postoperative (postop) cdi in a single institution's entire surgical population and to identify risk factors that influence disease recurrence. using electronic medical records from 2002 to 2012, charts were reviewed from all patients with laboratory-proven (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or polyme ... | 2017 | 28637570 |