Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| characterization and identification of proteolytic bacteria from the gut of the velvetbean caterpillar (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | the characterization and identification of proteolytic bacteria from the gut of the velvetbean caterpillar (anticarsia gemmatalis) were the objectives of this study. twelve aerobic and anaerobic isolates of proteolytic bacteria were obtained from the caterpillar gut in calcium caseinate agar. the number of colony forming units (cfus) of proteolytic bacteria was higher when the bacteria were extracted from caterpillars reared on artificial diet rather than on soybean leaves (1.73 +/- 0.35 x 10(3) ... | 2009 | 19689886 |
| molecular epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in singapore. | to characterise the mechanism of glycopeptide resistance, genetic relatedness, and pathogenicity factors in isolates of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) in singapore. | 2009 | 19670074 |
| proteolytic bacteria in the lower digestive tract of poultry may affect avian influenza virus pathogenicity. | proteolytic cleavage of hemagglutinin is required for cell entry by receptor-mediated endocytosis and plays a key role in pathogenicity of the influenza virus. despite several studies describing relationships between bacterial proteases and influenza a viral activation in mammals, very little is known about the role of the normal bacterial flora of birds on hemagglutinin activation. we examined the indigenous intestinal microflora of 100 mixed-sex, 27-d-old ross chickens from a commercial poultr ... | 2009 | 19531708 |
| [glycopeptide-resistant enterococci carriage: are actual isolation and identification techniques sufficient?] | the monitoring of infection by glycopeptide-resistant enterococci (gre) is one of the main elements of hospital hygiene policy. it involves systematic rectal swabs in clinics at risk (asymptomatic carriage). aim: we compare two gre screening methods and evaluate a new kit associating multiplex pcr and hybridization (génotype((r)) enterococcus, hain lifescience) on a panel of 448 samples collected over a 4-month period. patients and methods: the first method is based on direct inoculation of the ... | 2009 | 19477606 |
| bio-hydrogen production from cellulose by sequential co-culture of cellulosic hydrogen bacteria of enterococcus gallinarum g1 and ethanoigenens harbinense b49. | microbial conversion of lignocellulose to hydrogen is a fascinating way to provide a renewable energy source. a mesophilic bacterium strain g1 that had high cellulose degradation and hydrogen production activity (2.38 mmol h(2) g(-1) cellulose) was isolated from rumen fluid and identified as the enterococcus gallinarum. hydrogen production from cellulose by using sequential co-cultures of a cellulosic-hydrolysis bacterium g1 and ethanoigenens harbinense b49 was investigated. with an initial avic ... | 2009 | 19466556 |
| prevalence and antibiotic-resistance characteristics of enterococcus spp. isolated from free-living and captive raptors in central illinois. | due to their predatory nature, raptor species may serve as important indicators of environmental contamination with antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. raptors prey on small rodents and birds that have diverse habitat ranges, including urban and rural environments, and their intestinal microflora can reflect that of the animals on which they feed. enterococcus spp. were selected as target organisms because they have been isolated from the avian gastrointestinal tract, can be conferred by prey item ... | 2009 | 19395740 |
| enterococcus faecalis with the gelatinase phenotype regulated by the fsr operon and with biofilm-forming capacity are common in the agricultural environment. | the prevalence of gelatinase activity and biofilm formation among environmental enterococci was assessed. in total, 396 enterococcal isolates from swine and cattle faeces and house flies from a cattle farm were screened for gelatinase activity. the most prevalent phenotype on todd-hewitt agar with 1.5% skim milk was the weak protease (wp) (72.2% of isolates), followed by the strong protease (sp) 18.7%, and no protease (np) (9.1%). the majority of wp isolates was represented by enterococcus hirae ... | 2009 | 19222538 |
| the homogeneity of vanb gene cluster among enterococcal isolates in iran. | this study aimed to analyse the diversity of the vanb gene cluster in enterococcal species isolated from sewage treatment plants (stp) in tehran, iran. | 2009 | 19141035 |
| identification and tracing of enterococcus spp. by rapd-pcr in traditional fermented sausages and meat environment. | four local small-scale factories were studied to determine the sources of enterococci in traditional fermented sausages. | 2009 | 19120623 |
| bacteremia caused by vanc-type enterococci in a university hospital in japan: a 6-year survey. | we retrospectively examined the clinical and microbiological characteristics of bacteremia caused by intrinsically vancomycin-resistant (vanc-type) enterococci in a university hospital in japan. five cases of enterococcus gallinarum and four of enterococcus casseliflavus bacteremia were identified during the 6 years of the survey. of the nine cases, five were related to neutropenic states with hematologic diseases and four were related to biliary tract infection with hepatobiliary or pancreatic ... | 2008 | 19089554 |
| emergence of the vana genotype among enterococcus gallinarum isolates colonising the intestinal tract of patients in a university hospital in rio de janeiro, brazil. | we describe the characteristics of seven unusual isolates of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) carrying both the vanc1 and vana genes that were detected during a 3-month survey carried out to investigate the occurrence of faecal carriage of vre. the isolates were identified as enterococcus gallinarum and showed high-level resistance to both vancomycin and teicoplanin (minimum inhibitory concentrations >256 microg/ml and 64-96 microg/ml, respectively). all seven isolates were also resistant ... | 2009 | 19010645 |
| nosocomial outbreak of enteroccocus gallinarum: untaming of rare species of enterococci. | an unusual increase in infections caused by vancomycin-resistant enterococcus gallinarum (vreg) was identified in may 2004, in a colombian tertiary care teaching hospital. a case-control study was subsequently designed to identify risk factors associated with the development of infections due to these organisms. all vreg isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, vancomycin resistance gene detection and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) typing. additionally, the prese ... | 2008 | 18799242 |
| prevalence and characterization of enterococcus spp. isolated from brazilian foods. | enterococci can be used in the food industry as starter or probiotic cultures. however, enterococci are also implicated in severe multi-resistant nosocomial infections. in this study, the prevalence of enterococci in selected brazilian foodstuffs (raw and pasteurized milk, meat products, cheeses and vegetables) was evaluated. phenotypic and pcr protocols were used for species identification. tests for production of gelatinase, haemolysin, bacteriocin and bile salt hydrolysis were done with all e ... | 2008 | 18541165 |
| outbreak of enterococcus gallinarum infections after total knee arthroplasty. | in september 2006, we investigated a cluster of 9 patients who developed enterococcus gallinarum infection after total knee arthroplasty. isolates recovered from these patients were from the same outbreak strain. although all 9 patients were monitored by the same healthcare personnel, were given spinal anesthesia, and had the same specific type of wound irrigation procedure performed during their hospitalization, the source or sources of these infections were not identified. | 2008 | 18462149 |
| enterococcus gallinarum endocarditis in a diabetic patient. | recent studies pointed out the increasing rate of infective endocarditis (ie) in diabetic patients. as diabetes mellitus (dm) prevalence is expected to increase in the coming years, infective endocarditis could be more frequently reported in these patients. we here describe a rare case of enterococcus gallinarum endocarditis developing on normal native heart valve in an elderly diabetic woman. therapeutic options were restricted due to resistance factors of the microorganism, limited guidance in ... | 2008 | 18457897 |
| a "retrocidal" plasmid in enterococcus faecalis: passage and protection. | enterococcus faecalis mc4 harbors a 130 kb conjugative, pheromone (ccf10)-responding plasmid, pams1, conferring chloramphenicol, streptomycin and tetracycline resistances. a plasmid-borne class iia bacteriocin (mc4-1) determinant and cognate immunity gene were present, but not expressed in mc4. however, pams1 transfer to e. faecalis jh2-2 (but not to the non-isogenic og1ss) generated the surprising ability to express bacteriocin activity against the plasmid donor, mc4. the bacteriocin target spe ... | 2008 | 18295881 |
| biological decolourization of c.i. direct black 38 by e. gallinarum. | in the present study, an enterococcus gallinarum strain was isolated from effluent treatment plant of a textile industry based on its ability to decolourize c.i. direct black 38 (db38), a benzidine-based azo dye. effects of dye concentration and medium composition on dye decolourization were studied. the strain was found to decolourize db38 even under aerobic conditions. kinetics of db38 decolourization was also examined, and v(max) and k(s) of decolourization were found to be higher in luria br ... | 2008 | 18280646 |
| purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of aminoglycoside-2''-phosphotransferase-ic [aph(2'')-ic] from enterococcus gallinarum. | bacterial resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics is primarily the result of deactivation of the drugs. three families of enzymes are responsible for this activity, with one such family being the aminoglycoside phosphotransferases (aphs). the gene encoding one of these enzymes, aminoglycoside-2''-phosphotransferase-ic [aph(2'')-ic] from enterococcus gallinarum, has been cloned and the wild-type protein (comprising 308 amino-acid residues) and three mutants that showed elevated minimum inhibitor ... | 2008 | 18259066 |
| detoxification of benzidine-based azo dye by e. gallinarum: time-course study. | direct black 38 (db38) dye is a well-established toxic and carcinogenic compound. present investigation reports isolation of an enterococcus gallinarum strain capable of decolorizing and degrading it. changes in toxicity and mutagenicity of db38 and its metabolites were also determined using a battery of carefully selected tests (cytotoxicity, respiration inhibition test and ames test). toxicity assays were carried out on e. gallinarum itself as this also gave information about suitability of th ... | 2009 | 18206233 |
| bacteraemia associated with a vancomycin-resistant enterococcus gallinarum strain harbouring both the vana and vanc1 genes. | a case of a post-surgical patient who developed a fatal bloodstream infection caused by high-level vancomycin-resistant enterococcus gallinarum is reported. the isolate was found to carry both the vanc1 and vana genes. this is the first report of an invasive infection associated with a vana e. gallinarum isolate in brazil. | 2008 | 18201994 |
| comparative analysis of genetic diversity and incidence of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance among enterococcal populations from raw fruit and vegetable foods, water and soil, and clinical samples. | a comparative study was carried out among enterococci isolated from fruits and vegetable foods, water and soil, and clinical samples. results indicate strong differences in the numbers of enterococcal species found in different environments as well as their abundance. while enterococcus faecalis was clearly the predominant species in clinical samples, enterococcus faecium predominated in vegetables, and it slightly outnumbered e. faecalis in water samples. other species (enterococcus hirae, ente ... | 2008 | 18180067 |
| low prevalence of vre gastrointestinal colonization of hospitalized patients in manitoba tertiary care and community hospitals. | to determine the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) bowel colonization in hospitalized patients in manitoba who had stool specimens collected for clostridium difficile toxin and/or culture testing. | 2000 | 18159264 |
| first report of vatb and vgab from enterococcus gallinarum in the usa. | 2008 | 18006282 | |
| [a 6-year study of glycopeptides-resistant enterococci in 3 intensive care units of the university hospital of montpellier]. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of glycopeptides-resistant enterococci (gre) fecal carriage (species and resistance determinants). strains isolated between 1999 and 2005 during systematic screening for multiresistant bacteria in patients hospitalized in 3 intensive care units (icu) of the university hospital of montpellier were studied. | 2007 | 17905540 |
| high prevalence of tetracycline resistance in enterococcus isolates from broilers carrying the erm(b) gene. | a total of 73 isolates of enterococcus spp. carrying the erm(b) gene were obtained from cloacal swabs of broiler chickens derived from 13 different farms in belgium. the erm(b) gene encodes resistance to macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramin b antibiotics (mls(b)). the isolates belonged to eight different species: enterococcus avium (eight isolates), enterococcus casseliflavus (11 isolates), enterococcus cecorum (eight isolates), enterococcus durans (seven isolates), enterococcus faecalis ( ... | 2007 | 17899464 |
| epidemiology and molecular characterization of vancomycin resistant enterococci isolates in india. | little attention has been paid to the problem of the spread of vancomycin resistant enterococci (vre) in india. between august 2002 to march 2003, faecal and urine samples of patients from various wards of the postgraduate institute of medical education and research, chandigarh, india, were screened for vancomycin resistance. 36 vre were isolated (18 enterococcus gallinarum, 9 e. casseliflavus, 7 e. faecium and 2 e. faecalis). these isolates were characterized as low-, moderate- and high-level r ... | 2007 | 17654341 |
| vancomycin-resistant enterococci, colonizing the intestinal tract of patients in a university hospital in greece. | determine the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) colonizing the intestinal tract of hospitalized patients and define risk factors. | 2006 | 17568849 |
| a febrile neutropenic patient with enterococcus gallinarum sepsis treated with daptomycin and gentamicin. | gram-positive pathogens are increasingly implicated in today's changing epidemiology of hospital-acquired infections. staphylococci, streptococci, and enterococci are among the most frequently identified causes of surgical site, complicated skin-structure, and bloodstream infections. in accordance, the use of antimicrobial agents with gram-positive activity, especially those with activity against resistant organisms, has also increased. we describe a septic, neutropenic patient with bacteremia d ... | 2007 | 17542774 |
| molecular identification and diversity of enterococci isolated from slovak bryndza cheese. | three hundred and eight presumed enterococcal isolates were recovered from bryndza, a soft sheep milk cheese. the cheese samples were obtained from five different commercial distributors in slovakia and were taken at three different seasonal intervals. all isolates were identified to the species level using genotypic tools. species-specific pcr using ddl genes highlighted the predominance of enterococcus faecium (176 isolates) and assigned 50 isolates to the species enterococcus faecalis. the re ... | 2006 | 17325446 |
| isolation and identification of enterococci from seawater samples: assessment of their resistance to antibiotics and heavy metals. | a hundred enterococcus strains were isolated from seawater samples collected from coastal areas of istanbul. isolates were identified to the species level using standard biochemical tests specified by facklam and collins. the species distribution was as follows enterococcus faecalis (96%), enterococcus gallinarum (3%) and enterococcus solitarius (1%). the resistance of bacteria to both heavy metals (zinc [zn], iron [fe], cadmium [cd], chrome [cr], cobalt [co]) and antibiotics (ampicillin 10 micr ... | 2007 | 17171251 |
| vancomycin-resistant enterococci from animal sources in korea. | enterococci for which the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of vancomycin was >/=8 mg/l were isolated from meat, feces, and raw milk samples collected in korea from march to november 2003. among the 243 vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) that were identified the vana vancomycin resistance gene was carried by 51 enterococcus faecium and one enterococcus sp., vanc1 was carried by 151 enterococcus gallinarum, vanc2 was carried by 39 enterococcus casseliflavus, and one enterococcus sp. carr ... | 2007 | 17010464 |
| inhibitory effects of enterococcus strains obtained from a probiotic product on in vitro growth of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis strain ifo3313. | enterococcus faecium and enterococcus gallinarum strains were isolated from a commercial probiotic product and the effects of these strains on the growth of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis strain ifo3313 were investigated. viable cell counts of salmonella enteritidis in mixed cultures with the probiotic product isolate of e. faecium were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than those in pure cultures after 6, 8, and 24 h when the cultures were incubated in heart infusion broth at 37 and 41 de ... | 2006 | 16995534 |
| use of the phoenix automated system for identification of streptococcus and enterococcus spp. | the phoenix system (becton dickinson diagnostic systems, sparks, md) was evaluated for identification (id) to the species level of streptococci and enterococci. two hundred clinical isolates were investigated: beta-hemolytic streptococci (n = 50), streptococcus pneumoniae organisms (n = 46), viridans group streptococci (n = 31), enterococcus faecium (n = 36), enterococcus faecalis (n = 25), and other catalase-negative cocci (n = 12). the api system (biomérieux, marcy l'etoile, france) was used a ... | 2006 | 16954258 |
| granular layer in the periplasmic space of gram-positive bacteria and fine structures of enterococcus gallinarum and streptococcus gordonii septa revealed by cryo-electron microscopy of vitreous sections. | high-resolution structural information on optimally preserved bacterial cells can be obtained with cryo-electron microscopy of vitreous sections. with the help of this technique, the existence of a periplasmic space between the plasma membrane and the thick peptidoglycan layer of the gram-positive bacteria bacillus subtilis and staphylococcus aureus was recently shown. this raises questions about the mode of polymerization of peptidoglycan. in the present study, we report the structure of the ce ... | 2006 | 16952957 |
| prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in hospitalized patients and those living in the community in the czech republic. | between july 1, 2002 and december 31, 2003, rectal swabs from both hospitalized patients and community subjects in the czech republic were taken to ascertain the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre). the swabs were used for isolating and identifying enterococci and their susceptibility to antibiotics. vancomycin resistance phenotypes were verified by pcr detection of vana, vanb, vanc1 and vanc2 genes. a molecular biology analysis was performed in enterococcus faecium vana strains ... | 2006 | 16841552 |
| colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) in intensive care unit patients in cordoba city, argentina. | the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) among intensive care unit (icu) patients in a hospital in córdoba, argentina. we collected 235 rectal swab specimens from 147 icu patients. resistance to vancomycin was screened with the disk diffusion method, and mics were determined with the e-test method. vancomycin-resistant genotypes were determined by pcr. the vre strains were isolated from 18/147 patients (12.2%). the isol ... | 2006 | 16784130 |
| meningitis caused by enterococcus gallinarum after lumbar drainage of cerebrospinal fluid. | we report a rare case of meningitis caused by enterococcus gallinarum, a bacterium characterized by its ability to express low-level resistance to vancomycin. as in the three other previously reported cases, this one occurred in a patient with a cerebrospinal fluid drainage catheter and properly responded to antimicrobial therapy and removal of the drain. | 2006 | 16762785 |
| vanb-vanc1 enterococcus gallinarum, italy. | 2005 | 16673519 | |
| absence of vana- and vanb-containing enterococci in poultry raised on nonintensive production farms in brazil. | we examined cloacal samples from poultry raised on nonintensive production farms in brazil for the presence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. no vana- or vanb-containing enterococci were identified in a total of 200 cloacal swabs. the most prevalent species were enterococcus gallinarum (vanc1; 13.0%) and e. casseliflavus (vanc2/3; 5.5%). | 2006 | 16598023 |
| enterococcus gallinarum n04-0414 harbors a vand-type vancomycin resistance operon and does not contain a d-alanine:d-alanine 2 (ddl2) gene. | enterococcus gallinarum n04-0414 (mic for vancomycin, 256 microg/ml) harbored a vand-type vancomycin resistance operon as well as the intrinsic vanc1 operon. the d-ala:d-ala ligase 2 gene (ddl2) was not present in the strain, though it is found downstream of the vans gene from the vanc operon in e. gallinarum atcc 49573 and 19 other e. gallinarum strains tested. | 2006 | 16495270 |
| risk factors and outcomes associated with non-enterococcus faecalis, non-enterococcus faecium enterococcal bacteremia. | to compare risk factors, clinical features, and outcomes in patients with enterococcus avium, enterococcus casseliflavus, enterococcus durans, enterococcus gallinarum, and enterococcus mundtii bacteremia (cases) with those in patients with enterococcus faecalis bacteremia (controls). | 2006 | 16418983 |
| [case of congestive heart failure associated with hypereosinophilia developed during antibiotics treatment]. | a 92-year-old man with a history of bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis received antibiotics for sepsis by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and multidrug-resistant enterococcus gallinarum. during the antibiotics treatment, skin eruptions, liver dysfunction, and hypereosinophilia developed, followed by dyspnea, congestive heart failure, electrocardiographic abnormalities, and diffuse mild myocardial hypokinesis. after the discontinuation of the antibiotics and the administration of ... | 2005 | 16407668 |
| partial characterization of enterocin mr99 from a corn silage isolate of enterococcus faecalis. | to assess the inhibitory activity on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria of several species of enterococci recovered from a natural corn silage. | 2006 | 16405692 |
| the selective inhibition of nitric oxide production in the avian macrophage cell line hd11. | the production of reactive nitrogen, nitric oxide (no), has previously been demonstrated to be a major mechanism by which the innate immune system defends against microbial invasion. the induction of many antimicrobial mechanisms is regulated by numerous components during the transduction of the signal from the cell surface to the cell nucleus where response genes are upregulated. toll-like cell surface receptor activation often leads to sequential modulation of protein tyrosine kinases (ptk), m ... | 2006 | 16214221 |
| dissimilatory fe(iii) reduction by an electrochemically active lactic acid bacterium phylogenetically related to enterococcus gallinarum isolated from submerged soil. | the isolation and identification of a glucose-oxidizing fe(iii)-reducing bacteria (frb) with electrochemical activity from an anoxic environment, and characterization of the role of fe(iii) in its metabolism. | 2005 | 16162251 |
| [clinical and epidemiologic analysis of intestinal tract colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci in an intensive care unit]. | intestinal tract colonization with vancomycin resistant enterococci (vre) was studied during five months and 25 days. out of 171 patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit, 124 (73%) were included in this study. thirty five of them (28%) were recognized as colonized with vre. vre isolates (n = 35) were identified as enterococcus faecium (n = 18), enterococcus gallinarum (n = 16), and enterococcus raffinosus (n = 1). all of them were resistant to vancomycin (mic90 = 512 microg/ml) and to te ... | 2005 | 15991477 |
| [prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in hospital and community environment.] | aim of the study: the presented study aimed at determining the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) in rectal swabs taken from both patients in the teaching hospital in olomouc (tho), czech republic, and subjects from the community setting of the hospital's catchment area. materials and methods: between july 1, 2002 and july 1, 2003, rectal swabs were taken from the tho patients as well as individuals from the community catchment area to be utilized for isolating and identifying ... | 2005 | 15926119 |
| transcriptional analysis of the vanc cluster from enterococcus gallinarum strains with constitutive and inducible vancomycin resistance. | the vanc glycopeptide resistance gene cluster encodes enzymes required for synthesis of peptidoglycan precursors ending in d-ala-d-ser. enterococcus gallinarum bm4174 and sc1 are constitutively and inducibly resistant to vancomycin, respectively. analysis of peptidoglycan precursors in both strains indicated that udp-murnac-tetrapeptide and udp-murnac-pentapeptide[d-ser] were synthesized in e. gallinarum sc1 only in the presence of vancomycin (4 microg/ml), whereas the "resistance" precursors ac ... | 2005 | 15728903 |
| first report of vana enterococcus gallinarum dissemination within an intensive care unit in argentina. | enterococcusgallinarum is intrinsically resistant to low levels of vancomycin and has been described as a colonizing microorganism causing bacteraemia and infection among immunosupresed patients. between august 2000 and february 2001, 15 highly glycopeptide-resistant e. gallinarum isolates, one from blood and the remaining from rectal swabs, were recovered in a general hospital of buenos aires province, argentina. all isolates were characterized by biochemical assays, and displayed mics of vanco ... | 2005 | 15620826 |
| no regional spread of vancomycin-resistant enterococci with vana or vanb in kitakyushu, japan. | outbreaks of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) infection occur sporadically in japan, and their frequency has been gradually increasing. we experienced a nosocomial outbreak of vre in two hospitals in the city of kitakyushu, and the spread of vre strains was suspected in this area. to examine the prevalence rate of infection and colonization of vre in kitakyushu, we screened a total of 24 297 clinical samples from patients in hospitals and clinics in kitakyushu from october through december ... | 2004 | 15614456 |
| emergence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in a tertiary hospital in crete, greece: a cluster of cases and prevalence study on intestinal colonisation. | the aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of five consecutive cases of infection with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) and the prevalence of faecal carriage of vre among patients admitted to a 700-bed university hospital where no vre had been isolated previously. in a 2-month period, five consecutive patients infected with vre were detected. three vanb+ enterococcus faecium isolates were obtained from three patients, while two vana+ e. faeciu ... | 2004 | 15522003 |
| enterococcus gallinarum carrying the vana gene cluster: first report in brazil. | in 2000, enterococcus faecalis resistant to vancomycin was first reported at a tertiary hospital in porto alegre, southern brazil. the resistance spread to other hospitals and surveillance programs were established by hospital infection committees to prevent the spread of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. in february 2002, an isolate initially identified at the genus level as enterococcus was obtained by surveillance culture (rectal swab) from a patient admitted to a hospital for treatment of se ... | 2004 | 15517083 |
| [bacteremia due to enterococcus gallinarum in a patient with varicella and late sarcoidosis]. | 2004 | 15482722 | |
| biofuel cells select for microbial consortia that self-mediate electron transfer. | microbial fuel cells hold great promise as a sustainable biotechnological solution to future energy needs. current efforts to improve the efficiency of such fuel cells are limited by the lack of knowledge about the microbial ecology of these systems. the purposes of this study were (i) to elucidate whether a bacterial community, either suspended or attached to an electrode, can evolve in a microbial fuel cell to bring about higher power output, and (ii) to identify species responsible for the el ... | 2004 | 15345423 |
| evaluation of the prevalence and risk factors for colonization by vancomycin-resistant enterococcus among patients on dialysis. | vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (vre) has been reported among long-term dialysis patients, although risk factors for vre colonization are not well defined. this study aims to appraise the prevalence and risk factors for vre colonization among patients on long-term dialysis therapy, as well as the mechanisms for dissemination of vancomycin resistance. | 2004 | 15264193 |
| lack of correlation between phenotypic techniques and pcr-based genotypic methods for identification of enterococcus spp. | a total of 123 genetically-unrelated strains of enterococcus spp. strains (51 enterococcus faecalis, 57 enterococcus faecium, 10 enterococcus gallinarum, and 5 enterococcus casseliflavus) were phenotypically identified by biochemical profiles and by using an automated method. the strains were also analyzed by a pcr assay to assess the accuracy of the phenotypically-based methods for identification of enterococcus spp. with this aim, a pcr assay using different cell targets, which allows simultan ... | 2004 | 15246503 |
| molecular study of vancomycin-resistant enterococci isolated from humans and from food in a cattle-rearing area of france. | study possible links between vancomycin-resistant enterococci strains isolated from human stool samples and from pork or poultry food products. | 2004 | 15175270 |
| substantially increased faecal carriage of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in a tertiary greek hospital after a 4 year time interval. | in a tertiary greek hospital with no documented vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) infections, a cross-sectional study was conducted in order to determine the degree of vre faecal carriage among adult patients hospitalized in high-risk units. | 2004 | 15163658 |
| mechanism of intrinsic resistance to vancomycin in clostridium innocuum ncib 10674. | we have studied the basis for intrinsic resistance to low levels of vancomycin in clostridium innocuum ncib 10674 (mic = 8 microg/ml). analysis by high-pressure liquid chromatography (hplc) and mass spectrometry of peptidoglycan nucleotide precursors pools revealed the presence of two types of udp-murnac-pentapeptide precursors constitutively produced, an udp-murnac-pentapeptide with a serine at the c terminus which represented 93% of the pool and an udp-murnac-pentapeptide with an alanine at th ... | 2004 | 15150227 |
| analysis of gyra and parc mutations in enterococci from environmental samples with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. | the quinolone resistance determining regions of gyra and parc in four species of enterococci from environmental samples with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin were sequenced. the nucleotide sequence variations of parc could be related to the different enterococcal species. mutations in enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium related to reduced susceptibility were identical to mutations detected in e. faecalis and e. faecium of clinical origin. a minimal inhibitory concentration of 8 ... | 2004 | 14769469 |
| meningitis caused by enterococcus gallinarum in patients with ventriculoperitoneal shunts. | vancomycin-resistant enterococci have recently emerged as significant nosocomial pathogens. here we describe two japanese patients, a 57-year-old man and a 12-year-old boy, with ventriculoperitoneal shunts for hydrocephalus who developed meningitis caused by vancomycin-resistant enterococcus gallinarum. the infection of the central nervous system in these two patients may have been associated with e. gallinarum derived from the gut. removal of the shunts and antimicrobial treatment promoted appa ... | 2003 | 14691658 |
| clinical features and outcomes of bacteremia caused by enterococcus casseliflavus and enterococcus gallinarum: analysis of 56 cases. | the clinical significance and virulence potential of enterococcus casseliflavus/flavescens and enterococcus gallinarum are still uncertain. we retrospectively analyzed 56 cases of significant bacteremia caused by e. casseliflavus or e. gallinarum. of these cases, 25 (44.6%) were associated with polymicrobial bacteremia, and 43 (76.8%) were associated with entry via the biliary tract. resistance to vancomycin was observed in 17 (30.4%) of these 56 patients, and this resistance was significantly a ... | 2004 | 14679448 |
| in vitro activity of daptomycin against vancomycin-resistant enterococci of various van types and comparison of susceptibility testing methods. | the increasing prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococcal (vre) infections and the limited number of antimicrobial agents for their treatment emphasize a need for new, more effective agents. in this study, the in vitro activity of daptomycin was determined against a collection of 156 vre from seven different institutions. van types were characterized by pcr, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was performed to exclude isolates with >85% relatedness by dendrogram. included were 126 enteroco ... | 2003 | 14638478 |
| species distribution and antibiotic resistance patterns of enterococci isolated from food of animal origin in germany. | presently, enterococci take the third place of bacterial pathogens associated with nosocomial infections, after staphylococci and escherichia coli. especially, the resistances of enterococci to several available antibiotics are threatening. we attempted to determine which species of enterococci could be found in food of animal origin and their significance according to their antibiotic resistances for human beings. from november 2000 to may 2002 we investigated 155 samples of food of animal orig ... | 2003 | 14597003 |
| molecular analysis of tn1546-like elements mediating high-level vancomycin resistance in enterococcus gallinarum. | four enterococcus gallinarum isolates, all highly resistant to vancomycin, were studied in order to investigate their relationship and to gain insight into the molecular events responsible for their acquired resistance. | 2003 | 14519680 |
| mechanism of metronidazole-resistance by isolates of nitroreductase-producing enterococcus gallinarum and enterococcus casseliflavus from the human intestinal tract. | enterococcus casseliflavus and enterococcus gallinarum strains resistant to metronidazole, nitrofurantoin and nitrofurazone were isolated from fecal samples of a patient with recurrent ulcerative colitis treated with metronidazole. unlike other metronidazole-resistant bacteria, these strains produced nitroreductase but metabolized metronidazole to compounds that could not be detected by liquid chromatography with uv or mass spectral analysis. metronidazole-susceptible clostridium perfringens gre ... | 2003 | 12951241 |
| [bacteremia caused by enterococcus gallinarum with a high level of glycopeptide resistance: 1st documented cases in argentina]. | a case of bacteremia due to high-level-vancomycin- (mic = 64 micrograms/ml) and high-level-teicoplanin- (mic = 32 micrograms/ml) resistant enterococcus gallinarum is described. both genes, van c1 and van a, respectively conferring natural low-level resistance and acquired high-level resistance to vancomycin, were found in the enterococcal genoma. the present is the first report of an e. gallinarum isolate showing the van a genotype in argentina. | 2003 | 12920991 |
| asymptomatic bacteriuria in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. | chronic inflammatory state and chronic infections appear to be one of the most important risk factors of morbidity and mortality in patients (pts) on dialysis. the aim of our study was to determine the frequency of urinary tract infections (uti) in clinically asymptomatic patients on capd. the study included 43 (22f, 21m) clinically stable asymptomatic capd patients with diuresis ranged from 300 to 2500 ml per 24 h. clean catch urine specimen, was cultured and identified by standard technique. u ... | 2002 | 12898851 |
| susceptibility of gram-positive bacteria from icu patients in uk hospitals to antimicrobial agents. | microbiologists in 25 sentinel laboratories were each asked to refer up to 100 clinically-significant gram-positive bacteria isolated from consecutive intensive care unit (icu) patients. a total of 1595 isolates were collected from patients in 23 hospitals; these included staphylococcus aureus (47.6%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (cns) (30.6%), enterococci (14.3%), pneumococci (2.8%) and other streptococci (3.5%). a few coryneforms, other bacilli and a nocardia sp. were also collected. rate ... | 2003 | 12855232 |
| role of the transmembrane domain of the vant serine racemase in resistance to vancomycin in enterococcus gallinarum bm4174. | enterococcus gallinarum bm4175 (a vancomycin-susceptible derivative of bm4174 obtained by insertional inactivation of vanc-1) was transformed with plasmid constructs pca10 (containing the genes necessary for resistance, vanc-1-xyc-t), pjp1 (with a fragment lacking the dna encoding the transmembrane region of vant, -vanc-1-xyc-t((delta))(2-322)-) and with plasmids containing fragments encoding either the transmembrane (mvant(1-322)) or racemase (svant(323-698)) domains of vant under the control o ... | 2003 | 12615855 |
| phenotypes and genotypes of vancomycin-resistant enterococci isolated during long-term follow-up in a patient with recurrent bacteremia and colonization. | twenty-seven isolates of vancomycin-resistant enterococci were obtained at monthly intervals from a bed-ridden man with hypoxic encephalopathy. during the 28-month period of the patient's hospitalization, 3 episodes of bacteremia and one episode of catheter-related infection caused by vancomycin-resistant enterococci occurred. rectal swabs showed colonization of vancomycin-resistant enterococci for more than 2 years. three months after termination of antimicrobial therapy, the rectal colonizatio ... | 2002 | 12542250 |
| prevalence of streptogramin resistance genes among enterococcus isolates recovered from retail meats in the greater washington dc area. | the prevalence of streptogramin resistance genes in enterococci recovered from retail poultry in the greater washington dc area was examined. forty-three chicken and 32 turkey retail samples were analysed. thirty-one non-enterococcus faecalis enterococcal strains were isolated that displayed mics of quinupristin-dalfopristin and virginiamycin of > or = 4 mg/l. these included enterococcus faecium (turkey n = 4, chicken n = 23), enterococcus gallinarum (turkey n = 2, chicken n = 1) and enterococcu ... | 2002 | 12461007 |
| characterization of tn1546 in vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium isolated from canine urinary tract infections: evidence of gene exchange between human and animal enterococci. | thirty-five enterococcal isolates were recovered from dogs diagnosed with urinary tract infections at the michigan state university veterinary teaching hospital over a 2-year period (1996 to 1998). isolated species included enterococcus faecium (n = 13), enterococcus faecalis (n = 7), enterococcus gallinarum (n = 11), and enterococcus casseliflavus (n = 4). antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed several different resistance phenotypes, with the majority of the enterococcal isolates exhibi ... | 2002 | 12454168 |
| enterococcus gallinarum bacteriascites in a patient with active tuberculosis and hcv cirrhosis. | 2002 | 12385466 | |
| low prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in clinical samples from hospitalized patients of the canary islands, spain. | over the last decade vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) have emerged as nosocomial pathogens. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of vre in clinical samples from hospitalized patients in the canary islands. from april to november 2000, 437 enterococci were isolated from patients hospitalized at the four main health care centers in those islands. identification to the species level was performed with the gps-ta (vitek 1) or the wider i system. a pcr assay was used to determi ... | 2002 | 12207212 |
| cholesterol assimilation by lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria isolated from the human gut. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of human gut-derived lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria on cholesterol levels in vitro. continuous cultures inoculated with fecal material from healthy human volunteers with media supplemented with cholesterol and bile acids were used to enrich for potential cholesterol assimilators among the indigenous bacterial populations. seven potential probiotics were found: lactobacillus fermentum strains f53 and kc5b, bifidobacterium infantis at ... | 2002 | 12200334 |
| purification and characterization of vanxy(c), a d,d-dipeptidase/d,d-carboxypeptidase in vancomycin-resistant enterococcus gallinarum bm4174. | vanxy(c), a bifunctional enzyme from vanc-phenotype enterococcus gallinarum bm4174 that catalyses d,d-peptidase and d,d-carboxypeptidase activities, was purified as the native protein, as a maltose-binding protein fusion and with an n-terminal tag containing six histidine residues. the kinetic parameters of his(6)-vanxy(c) were measured for a variety of precursors of peptidoglycan synthesis involved in resistance: for d-ala-d-ala, the k(m) was 3.6 mm and k(cat), 2.5 s(-1); for udp-murnac-l-ala-d ... | 2002 | 12047383 |
| enterococcus gallinarum endocarditis occurring on native heart valves. | we report the first case of enterococcus gallinarum endocarditis developing on normal native heart valves. using phenotypic and molecular methods, a precise identification of this naturally vancomycin-resistant species allowed an optimal antibiotic therapy and the patient's recovery. | 2002 | 12037119 |
| molecular characterization of the vane gene cluster in vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis n00-410 isolated in canada. | the vane operon was characterized from enterococcus faecalis n00-410 (mic of vancomycin = 24 microg/ml). the organization of the vane operon was identical to that of the vanc1 operon from enterococcus gallinarum, with protein identities ranging from 46 to 63%. an open reading frame located downstream of the vane operon showed significant homology to a number of integrase genes, all of which are located downstream of the chromosomal gmp synthase gene guaa. | 2002 | 12019119 |
| in vitro activity of a new cephalosporin, rwj-54428, against streptococci, enterococci and staphylococci, including glycopeptide-intermediate staphylococcus aureus. | the need for new antimicrobial agents with activity against gram-positive organisms has become increasingly important because of emerging resistance. we compared the activity of a new b-lactam antimicrobial agent, rwj-54428 (mc-02 479), with representatives of other classes of antimicrobial agents against 76 staphylococcus aureus (including four glycopeptide- intermediate strains), 50 coagulase-negative staphylococci, 20 enterococcus faecalis, 20 enterococcus faecium, 10 enterococcus gallinarum/ ... | 2002 | 12003982 |
| comparison of agar-based media for primary isolation of glycopeptide-resistant enterococci. | objective: to compare four vancomycin-containing agar media for the isolation of glycopeptide-resistant enterococci (gre) from clinical fecal specimens: kanamycin---aesculin---azide (kaa) agar; bile---aesculin---polymixin (bap) agar; aztreonam---amphotericin blood (cbaa) agar; and neomycin blood (cbn) agar. methods: fecal specimens from 125 patients were inoculated onto each medium. media were examined for enterococci after incubation for up to 48 h. enterococci were identified to species level, ... | 1997 | 11864182 |
| colonization by vancomycin-resistant enterococci of the intestinal tract of patients in intensive care units from french general hospitals. | objective: to evaluate the prevalence of fecal carriage of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) by patients hospitalized in intensive care units from 24 french general hospitals. methods: rectal swabs were obtained from 647 patients hospitalized in intensive care units during the month of june 1994 and plated on agar medium selective for vancomycin-resistant enterococci. the glycopeptide resistance phenotypes and genotypes of the enterococci detected were characterized. results: thirty-two of ... | 1997 | 11864101 |
| enterococcus gallinarum spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in an hcv cirrhotic woman. | 2002 | 11808960 | |
| comparison of two commercially available selective media to screen for vancomycin-resistant enterococci. | campylobacter medium (campy, becton dickinson [bd] microbiology systems, cockeysville, md) and vancomycin screen agar (vsa, bd) were compared for their ability to screen for vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (vre) from primary plates. a microdilution minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) assay (pasco, bd) served as the reference vancomycin mic. in the random sample of 200 enterococcal clinical isolates tested, the distribution of isolates was as follows: enterococcus faecium, 113 (97 vre); ente ... | 2002 | 11789720 |
| d-ala:d-ala ligase gene flanking the vanc cluster: evidence for presence of three ligase genes in vancomycin-resistant enterococcus gallinarum bm4174. | an open reading frame located 230 nucleotides downstream from the stop codon of vans(c) and in the opposite direction relative to the other genes of the vanc cluster was identified in enterococcus gallinarum bm4174. this gene (designated ddl2) encoded a protein of 343 amino acids that had significant predicted structural similarity to d-ala:d-ala ligases and displayed 33 and 35% amino acid identity to vanc-1 and the previously reported partial sequence of ddl from e. gallinarum, respectively. bi ... | 2002 | 11751117 |
| [epidemiological study on vancomycin-resistant enterococci from fecal samples in the east area of japan]. | recently, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) have become important nosocomial pathogens in the world. in japan, the vre-infection was first reported in 1996. however, an epidemiological study on vre has not been aggressively done in japan. we conducted a survey study to explore the incidence and antimicrobial susceptibility of vancomycin-resistant enterococci isolated from fecal samples at 45 hospitals in the east area of japan (kanto, koshinetsu, tohoku, and hokkaido) during june 1998 to ma ... | 2001 | 11521276 |
| the in vitro activity of daptomycin against 514 gram-positive aerobic clinical isolates. | the in vitro activity of daptomycin was assessed in comparison with that of vancomycin and penicillin against a wide range of gram-positive aerobic clinical isolates. mics were determined by an agar dilution method on mueller-hinton agar (nccls/eucast) and on isotonic agar adjusted to contain 50 mg/l free calcium (bsac). both media were enriched with 5% horse blood for fastidious organisms. daptomycin mics for all 172 staphylococci, including methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant sta ... | 2001 | 11481291 |
| recovery from a single blood culture of two enterococcus gallinarum isolates carrying both vanc-1 and vana cluster genes and differing in glycopeptide susceptibility. | two enterococcus gallinarum isolates distinguished by different colony sizes were recovered from the same blood culture from a woman with acute myeloid leukemia. they were designated e31 (the one with larger colonies) and e32 (the one with smaller colonies). both isolates were glycopeptide resistant, but the mics of vancomycin and teicoplanin for e31 (32 and 2 microg/ml, respectively, consistent with the vanc phenotype) and e32 (128 and 16 microg/ml, respectively, consistent with the vana phenot ... | 2001 | 11453590 |
| identification of enterococcal isolates by temperature gradient gel electrophoresis and partial sequence analysis of pcr-amplified 16s rdna variable v6 regions. | based on partial sequence analysis of pcr-amplified 16s rdna variable v6 regions of 14 enterococcal type strains, enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus mundtii, enterococcus gallinarum, enterococcus avium, enterococcus raffinosus and enterococcus saccharolyticus showed characteristic sequence motifs which made it possible to separate them into six individual species lines. furthermore, two species cluster groups could be identified, including (i) enterococcus faecium, enterococcus durans, enteroco ... | 2001 | 11430498 |
| resistance to linezolid: characterization of mutations in rrna and comparison of their occurrences in vancomycin-resistant enterococci. | to assess the potential for emergence of resistance during the use of linezolid, we tested 10 clinical isolates of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) (four enterococcus faecalis, five enterococcus faecium, and one enterococcus gallinarum) as well as a vancomycin-susceptible control (atcc 29212) strain of e. faecalis. the enterococci were exposed to doubling dilutions of linezolid for 12 passes. after the final passage, the linezolid plate growing vre contained a higher drug concentration wit ... | 2001 | 11408243 |
| bile salt hydrolase activity of enterococci isolated from food: screening and quantitative determination. | one hundred seventeen enterococcal strains isolated from food (47 enterococcus faecium, 48 enterococcus faecalis, 16 enterococcus durans, 2 enterococcus gallinarum, 3 enterococcus casseliflavus, and 1 enterococcus malodoratus) were screened for bile salt hydrolase (bsh) activity on de man, rogosa, and sharpe agar medium containing taurocholic acid and calcium chloride. the highest incidence of bsh-active strains was observed for e. faecalis (81%) followed by e. faecium (50%) and e. durans (44%). ... | 2001 | 11348009 |
| clinical and epidemiological features of enterococcus casseliflavus/flavescens and enterococcus gallinarum bacteremia: a report of 20 cases. | the clinical significance of intrinsically vancomycin-resistant enterococci is not yet fully established, as these organisms are infrequently recovered from clinical specimens. we report our experience with 20 cases of enterococcus gallinarum and enterococcus casseliflavus/flavescens bacteremia in humans from 1992 through 1998. sixteen cases of bacteremia were caused by e. gallinarum. underlying conditions were present in 19 (95%) of the patients and included malignancy, receipt of transplant, a ... | 2001 | 11340524 |
| clostridium difficile toxins and enterococcal translocation in vivo and in vitro. | clostridium difficile toxins alter permeability in cultured enterocytes and may alter intestinal epithelial permeability to bacteria in vivo. experiments were designed to test the effects of c. difficile toxins on in vitro interactions of enterococcus gallinarum with cultured enterocytes, as well as on translocation of e. gallinarum in mice. | 2001 | 11319888 |
| antimicrobial resistance of enterococci in lebanon. | there is little information on the types of enterococcus spp and their antibiotic resistance patterns in lebanon. one hundred and fifty-three consecutive clinical enterococcal isolates collected between 1998 and 1999 were tested against 11 antimicrobial agents using disk diffusion and the etest. the isolates were identified by conventional methods and api-strep and were found to consist of enterococcus faecalis (72.5%), enterococcus faecium (22.9%), enterococcus avium (3.2%) and enterococcus gal ... | 2001 | 11282266 |
| in-vitro activity of fosfomycin against vancomycin-resistant enterococci. | the effect of fosfomycin against 69 vancomycin-resistant isolates of enterococcus faecium (vana), five of e. faecium (vanb), 11 of enterococcus faecalis (vana), three of e. faecalis (vanb), 10 of enterococcus gallinarum (vanc1) and two of enterococcus casseliflavus (vanc2) and glycopeptide-sensitive e. faecium (n = 8) and e. faecalis (n = 10) was tested in vitro. fosfomycin inhibited 97%, 94% and 96% of the vancomycin-resistant strains, according to results of agar dilution, broth microdilution, ... | 1999 | 11252326 |
| detection of a vanb determinant in enterococcus gallinarum in australia. | 2000 | 11184173 | |
| infection of central nervous system by motile enterococcus: first case report. | a 66-year-old man with four indwelling ventriculoperitoneal shunts for multiloculated hydrocephalus from a complicated case of meningitis a year before developed shunt infection based on a syndrome of fever, drowsiness, and cerebrospinal fluid neutrophil pleocytosis in the background of repeated surgical manipulation to relieve successive shunt blockages. the cerebrospinal fluid culture, which yielded a motile enterococcus species, was believed to originate from the gut. this isolate was lost in ... | 2001 | 11158162 |
| prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in europe. | the aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) in europe. overall, 49 laboratories in 27 countries collected 4,208 clinical isolates of enterococci. species identification, susceptibility testing, and van gene determination by polymerase chain reaction were performed in a central laboratory. overall, 18 vana and 5 vanb isolates of vre were found. the prevalence of vana vre was highest in the uk (2.7%), while the prevalence of vanb vre was h ... | 2000 | 11152305 |
| accuracy of the vitek 2 system to detect glycopeptide resistance in enterococci. | we evaluated the accuracy of the vitek 2 fully automated system to detect and identify glycopeptide-resistant enterococci (gre) compared to a reference agar dilution method. the sensitivity of vancomycin susceptibility testing with vitek 2 for the detection of vana, vanb, and vanc1 strains was 100%. the sensitivity of vancomycin susceptibility testing of vanc2 strains was 77%. the sensitivity of teicoplanin susceptibility testing of vana strains was 90%. of 80 vanc enterococci, 78 (98%) were cor ... | 2001 | 11136798 |
| nitrofurantoin is active against vancomycin-resistant enterococci. | the activity of nitrofurantoin was tested against 300 isolates of enterococcus faecium, enterococcus faecalis, and enterococcus gallinarum. no isolates tested were resistant to nitrofurantoin (mic, >/=128 microg/ml), including vancomycin-resistant e. faecium isolates with vana- and vanb-positive genotypes and vancomycin-resistant e. gallinarum isolates. we conclude that nitrofurantoin may provide effective treatment of urinary tract infections caused by vancomycin-resistant enterococci. | 2001 | 11120989 |