Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| development of a multilocus sequence typing scheme for the study of anaplasma marginale population structure over space and time. | bovine anaplasmosis caused by anaplasma marginale is a worldwide disease prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions where rhipicephalus microplus is considered the most significant biological vector. molecular markers previously applied for a. marginale typing are efficient for isolate discrimination but they are not a suitable tool for studying population structure and dynamics. here we report the development of an mlst scheme based on the study of seven genes: dnaa, ftsz, groel, lipa, reca, ... | 2015 | 25550150 |
| problem of ticks and tick-borne diseases in india with special emphasis on progress in tick control research: a review. | ticks, as vectors of several zoonotic diseases, are ranked second only to mosquitoes as vectors. the diseases spread by ticks are a major constraint to animal productivity while causing morbidity and mortality in both animals and humans. a number of tick species have been recognised since long as vectors of lethal pathogens, viz. crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv), kyasanur forest disease virus (kfdv), babesia spp, theileria, rickettsia conorii, anaplasma marginale, etc. and the dama ... | 2014 | 25540956 |
| characterization of two strains of anaplasma marginale isolated from cattle in rio de janeiro, brazil, after propagation in tick cell culture. | ide8 tick cell cultures have been used for the isolation and propagation of several isolates of anaplasma marginale. the genetic heterogeneity of a. marginale strains in cattle is diverse in endemic regions worldwide and the analyses of msp1α (major surface protein 1 alpha) gene sequences have allowed the identification of different strains. this study reports the isolation and propagation of two new isolates of a. marginale in ide8 cells from blood of two cattle and their morphological and mole ... | 2015 | 25468764 |
| species distribution modelling for rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae) in benin, west africa: comparing datasets and modelling algorithms. | rhipicephalus microplus is one of the most widely distributed and economically important ticks, transmitting babesia bigemina, b. bovis and anaplasma marginale. it was recently introduced to west africa on live animals originating from brazil. knowing the precise environmental suitability for the tick would allow veterinary health officials to draft vector control strategies for different regions of the country. to test the performance of modelling algorithms and different sets of environmental ... | 2015 | 25466219 |
| evaluation of the immune response to anaplasma marginale msp5 protein using a hsv-1 amplicon vector system or recombinant protein. | anaplasma marginale is an intraerythrocytic vector-borne infectious agent of cattle. immunization with the current vaccine, based on parasitized erythrocytes with live anaplasma centrale, shows some constraints and confers partial protection, suggesting the feasibility for the development of new generation of vaccines. the aim of the present study was to assess the effect of sequential immunization of balb/c mice, with herpesvirus amplicon vector-based vaccines combined with protein-based vaccin ... | 2014 | 25458492 |
| study of vitellogenin in boophilus annulatus tick larvae and its immunological aspects. | boophilus annulatus is an important one-host tick in the mediterranean regions and iran. it can transmit the babesia bigemina, babesia bovis and anaplasma marginale to cattle. nowadays, immunization programs by tick proteins is one of the potential methods for the control and prevention of tick infestations. therefore, the characterization and identification of various tick proteins are necessary. vitellogenin is a precursor of vitellin that is produced in mid gut cells and fat bodies in ticks. ... | 2014 | 25382465 |
| genetic diversity of tick-borne rickettsial pathogens; insights gained from distant strains. | the ability to capture genetic variation with unprecedented resolution improves our understanding of bacterial populations and their ability to cause disease. the goal of the pathogenomics era is to define genetic diversity that results in disease. despite the economic losses caused by vector-borne bacteria in the order rickettsiales, little is known about the genetic variants responsible for observed phenotypes. the tick-transmitted rickettsial pathogen anaplasma marginale infects cattle in tro ... | 0 | 25364572 |
| detection and assessment of risk factors associated with natural concurrent infection of trypanosoma evansi and anaplasma marginale in dairy animals by duplex pcr in eastern punjab. | duplex pcr consisting of two primer sets within a single mixture for the simultaneous detection of anaplasma marginale and trypanosoma evansi was standardized and employed on 219 blood samples collected from cattle (165) and buffaloes (54) from eastern punjab to evaluate the status of concurrent infection and associated risk factors. the reaction produced 257- and 407-bp amplification products targeting repetitive nucleotide sequence of t. evansi and msp1β gene of a. marginale, respectively. the ... | 2015 | 25358242 |
| first evaluation of an outbreak of bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis in southern brazil using multiplex pcr. | outbreaks of tick-borne disease cases in santa catarina, brazil are known, but the presence of the pathogen dna has never been determined. in this study, the first survey of anaplasma marginale, babesia bigemina, and babesia bovis dna on blood samples of 33 cattle from an outbreak in ponte alta municipality, santa catarina, brazil, has been carried out. a multiplex pcr detected 54.5% of animals were co-infected with 2 or 3 parasites, while 24.2% were infected with only 1 species. the most preval ... | 2014 | 25352699 |
| anaplasma marginale superinfection attributable to pathogen strains with distinct genomic backgrounds. | strain superinfection occurs when a second pathogen strain infects a host already infected with a primary strain. the selective pressures that drive strain divergence, which underlies superinfection, and allow penetration of a new strain into a host population are critical knowledge gaps relevant to shifts in infectious disease epidemiology. in regions of endemicity with a high prevalence of infection, broad population immunity develops against anaplasma marginale, a highly antigenically variant ... | 2014 | 25287920 |
| bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis complex: diagnosis and evaluation of the risk factors from bahia, brazil. | direct diagnoses were made by using - blood smears and nested pcr (npcr) tests on 309 blood samples from crossbred dairy cattle in the municipality of ibicaraí, bahia. from diagnostic blood smear slides, the observed parasitic frequencies were 31.1% for anaplasma marginale and 20.4% for babesia sp. from npcr diagnoses, they were 63% for a. marginale, 34% for babesia bigemina and 20.4% for babesia bovis. there were significant differences (p <0.01) between the two diagnostic methods (npcr and blo ... | 2016 | 25271452 |
| infection of water buffalo in rio de janeiro brazil with anaplasma marginale strains also reported in cattle. | anaplasma marginale is the most prevalent pathogen of cattle in tropical and subtropical regions of the world and causes the disease bovine anaplasmosis. the importance of water buffalo in the world economy is increasing. in addition, while water buffalo may serve as a reservoir host for a. marginale, the susceptibility of this host for a. marginale cattle strains in brazil has not been reported. the major surface protein 1 alpha (msp1α) gene has been shown to be a stable genetic marker for iden ... | 2014 | 25260335 |
| the dynamics of erythrocyte infection in bovine anaplasmosis: a flow cytometry-based analysis. | anaplasma marginale (a. marginale) is an obligate intracellular bacterium that infects bovine erythrocytes causing extravascular hemolysis and anemia. in the present work, we combine syto16 labeling of parasitized cells with the statistical power of flow cytometry to study the evolution of erythrocyte infection during bovine anaplasmosis. | 2014 | 25219763 |
| re-emergence of bovine piroplasmosis in hungary: has the etiological role of babesia divergens been taken over by b. major and theileria buffeli? | the prevalence of bovine babesiosis caused by babesia divergens has been declining during the past decades in northeastern hungary, and no cases have been observed since 2008. infections of cattle with b. major and theileria buffeli were hitherto reported in southern and western europe. in other parts of the globe, there is evidence of emergence and a growing clinical importance of t. buffeli and closely related genotypes of the t. orientalis complex. | 2014 | 25212410 |
| low genetic diversity associated with low prevalence of anaplasma marginale in water buffaloes in marajó island, brazil. | the rickettsia anaplasma marginale is the etiologic agent of bovine anaplasmosis, an important tick-borne disease affecting cattle in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. in endemic regions, the genetic diversity of this pathogen is usually related to the high prevalence of the disease in cattle. the major surface protein 1 alpha (msp1a) has been used as a marker to characterize the genetic diversity and for geographical identification of a. marginale strains. the present study reports ... | 2014 | 25108778 |
| understanding anaplasmataceae pathogenesis using "omics" approaches. | this paper examines how "omics" approaches improve our understanding of anaplasmataceae pathogenesis, through a global and integrative strategy to identify genes and proteins involved in biochemical pathways key for pathogen-host-vector interactions. the anaplasmataceae family comprises obligate intracellular bacteria mainly transmitted by arthropods. these bacteria are responsible for major human and animal endemic and emerging infectious diseases with important economic and public health impac ... | 2014 | 25072029 |
| infectious pathogens potentially transmitted by semen of the black variety of the manchega sheep breed: health constraints for conservation purposes. | conservation of genetic resources from endangered breeds may be conducted through germinal banks. preservation of healthy samples is paramount to avoid preserving pathogens shed with germinal products. the black variety of manchega sheep (bms), and endangered breed endemic to south-central spain, is the subject of a conservation program; a germinal bank has been recently established. however, several pathogens circulating in bms flocks may be shed with semen and threaten bms preservation. theref ... | 2014 | 25066603 |
| epidemiology and evolution of the genetic variability of anaplasma marginale in south africa. | bovine anaplasmosis caused by infection of cattle with anaplasma marginale has been considered to be endemic in south africa, an assumption based primarily on the distribution of the tick vectors of a. marginale and serological studies on the prevalence of anaplasmosis in limpopo, free state, and north west. however, molecular evidence of the distribution of anaplasmosis has only been reported in the free state province. in order to establish effective control measures for anaplasmosis, epidemio ... | 2014 | 25024014 |
| immunization-induced anaplasma marginale-specific t-lymphocyte responses impaired by a. marginale infection are restored after eliminating infection with tetracycline. | infection of cattle with anaplasma marginale fails to prime sustained effector/memory t-cell responses, and high bacterial load may induce antigen-specific cd4 t exhaustion and deletion. we tested the hypothesis that clearance of persistent infection restores the exhausted t-cell response. we show that infection-induced t-cell exhaustion, characterized as loss of antigen-specific proliferation, and gamma interferon (ifn-γ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-α) production are partially restored ... | 2014 | 25008904 |
| development and assessment of a latex agglutination test based on recombinant msp5 to detect antibodies against anaplasma marginale in cattle. | the recombinant protein msp5 has been established as an important antigen for serological diagnosis of anaplasma marginale by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). however, due to the high cost of specialized equipment, this technique is not accessible to all laboratories, especially in developing countries in areas where the disease is endemic. the present study describes the standardization of a latex agglutination test (lat) to detect antibodies against a. marginale based on recombinant ... | 2014 | 24948931 |
| seroprevalence of anaplasma marginale in texas cattle. | to our knowledge the seroprevalence of anaplasma marginale in texas has not been reported. the objective of this study was to estimate the point seroprevalence and spatial distribution of texas cattle persistently infected with a. marginale. this was a cross-sectional observational study examining serum collected from 12,000 adult cattle marketed in 23 selected texas auction markets during the second week of july 2011. a random subset of those cattle comprising 1835 individuals was evaluated for ... | 2014 | 24931130 |
| knockdown of the rhipicephalus microplus cytochrome c oxidase subunit iii gene is associated with a failure of anaplasma marginale transmission. | rhipicephalus microplus is an obligate hematophagous ectoparasite of cattle and an important biological vector of anaplasma marginale in tropical and subtropical regions. the primary determinants for a. marginale transmission are infection of the tick gut, followed by infection of salivary glands. transmission of a. marginale to cattle occurs via infected saliva delivered during tick feeding. interference in colonization of either the tick gut or salivary glands can affect transmission of a. mar ... | 2014 | 24878588 |
| use of percoll gradients to purify anaplasma marginale (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae) from tick cell cultures. | anaplasma marginale (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae) is an obligate intracellular bacterium that multiplies exclusively within membrane-bound vacuoles in the cytoplasm of host cells. a number of a. marginale isolates can be propagated in the ixodes scapularis ide8 tick cell line, which provides a reliable source of antigens for a wide variety of studies. however, because of its intracellular nature, separation of bacteria from host cell materials remains an important constraint for researchers. ... | 2014 | 24877977 |
| a longitudinal assessment of the serological response to theileria parva and other tick-borne parasites from birth to one year in a cohort of indigenous calves in western kenya. | tick-borne diseases are a major impediment to improved productivity of livestock in sub-saharan africa. improved control of these diseases would be assisted by detailed epidemiological data. here we used longitudinal, serological data to determine the patterns of exposure to theileria parva, theileria mutans, babesia bigemina and anaplasma marginale from 548 indigenous calves in western kenya. the percentage of calves seropositive for the first three parasites declined from initial high levels d ... | 2014 | 24838078 |
| subclinical anaplasmosis in camel (camelus dromedarius) and its successful therapeutic management. | on the indian sub continent, dromedarian camel -'the ship of the desert' is an important constituent of the socio economic life style of nomadic owners in the semi arid to arid ecosystems. the animal suffers from a few parasitic diseases viz. surra, coccidiosis, sarcocystis, gastro intestinal concurrent metazoan infections, mange, nasal bots and ticks infestations. however, anaplasmosis in camel has not been reported so far from the indian subcontinent. systematic investigations of a 7 year male ... | 2012 | 24808644 |
| global transcriptional analysis reveals surface remodeling of anaplasma marginale in the tick vector. | pathogens dependent upon vectors for transmission to new hosts undergo environment specific changes in gene transcription dependent on whether they are replicating in the vector or the mammalian host. differential gene transcription, especially of potential vaccine candidates, is of interest in anaplasma marginale, the tick-borne causative agent of bovine anaplasmosis. | 2014 | 24751137 |
| tabanids: neglected subjects of research, but important vectors of disease agents! | tabanids are nuisance pests for people and livestock because of their painful and irritating bite, persistent biting behavior, and blood ingestion. about 4400 tabanid species have been described; they are seasonally present in all kinds of landscapes, latitudes, and altitudes. high populations have a significant economic impact on outdoor activities, tourism, and livestock production. tabanids are also vectors of animal disease agents, including viruses, bacteria and parasites. however, tabanids ... | 2014 | 24727644 |
| knockout of an outer membrane protein operon of anaplasma marginale by transposon mutagenesis. | the large amounts of data generated by genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics have increased our understanding of the biology of anaplasma marginale. however, these data have also led to new assumptions that require testing, ideally through classical genetic mutation. one example is the definition of genes associated with virulence. here we describe the molecular characterization of a red fluorescent and spectinomycin and streptomycin resistant a. marginale mutant generated by himar1 transposo ... | 2014 | 24725301 |
| high genetic diversity of anaplasma marginale detected from philippine cattle. | a total of 658 cattle in 6 provinces in the philippines were screened for anaplasma marginale infection by using a diagnostic heat-shock operon (groel) gene-pcr assay. the screening-positive samples were further tested using the major surface antigen protein 1a (msp1a) gene-pcr assay. screening pcr results showed 130 cattle (19.8%) were positive for the a. marginale infection. subsequent amplification using the msp1a gene only showed 93 samples (14.1%) to be positive. in addition, 37 tandem-repe ... | 2014 | 24717413 |
| retrospective study of hemoparasites in cattle in southern italy by reverse line blot hybridization. | tick-borne diseases are widespread in tropical and temperate regions and are responsible for important economic losses in those areas. in order to assess the presence and prevalence of various pathogens in southern italy, we retrospectively analyzed cattle blood samples collected for a previous study in 2000 using reverse line blot (rlb) hybridization. the study had been carried out in three regions of southern italy on 1,500 randomly selected and apparently healthy adult cattle. rlb showed that ... | 2014 | 24614604 |
| identification of rhipicephalus microplus genes that modulate the infection rate of the rickettsia anaplasma marginale. | arthropod vectors transmit a diversity of animal and human pathogens, ranging from rna viruses to protozoal parasites. chemotherapeutic control of pathogens has classically focused either on insecticides that kill the vector itself or antimicrobials for infected patients. the limitation of the former is that it targets both infected and uninfected vectors and selects for resistant populations while the latter requires prompt and accurate diagnosis. an alternative strategy is to target vector mol ... | 2014 | 24608654 |
| evaluation of humoral and cellular immune response of balb/c mice immunized with a recombinant fragment of msp1a from anaplasma marginale using carbon nanotubes as a carrier molecule. | bovine anaplasmosis is a disease caused by the intraerythrocytic rickettsia anaplasma marginale. surface proteins (msps) of a. marginale are important in the interaction of the pathogen with the host and constitute potential vaccine targets against this pathogen. currently, there is no commercial inactivated vaccine against bovine anaplasmosis that can generate a protective immune response that effectively prevents the development of clinical disease. the objective of this study was to evaluate ... | 2014 | 24606864 |
| a molecular survey of anaplasma spp., rickettsia spp., ehrlichia canis and babesia microti in foxes and fleas from sicily. | fleas (insecta: siphonaptera) are obligate bloodsucking insects, which parasitize birds and mammals, and are distributed throughout the world. several species have been implicated in pathogen transmission. this study aimed to monitor red foxes and the fleas isolated from them in the palermo and ragusa provinces of sicily, italy, as these organisms are potential reservoirs and vectors of pathogens. thirteen foxes (vulpes vulpes) and 110 fleas were analysed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to de ... | 2013 | 24589112 |
| development of a real-time pcr assay for detection and quantification of anaplasma ovis infection. | anaplasma ovis is a tick-borne intra-erythrocytic rickettsial pathogen of small ruminants. real-time pcr possesses merits of rapidity, accuracy, reliability, automation and ease of standardization, but has not been used for detection of a. ovis, to the best of our knowledge. in this study, a real-time pcr assay was developed for detection and quantification of a. ovis. species-specific primers and taqman probe were designed based on the glta gene. no cross-reactions were observed with anaplasma ... | 2013 | 24589111 |
| cross-protection between geographically distinct anaplasma marginale isolates appears to be constrained by limited antibody responses. | the rickettsia anaplasma marginale causes the haemolytic disease bovine anaplasmosis, an economic problem in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide. the closely related but less pathogenic anaplasma centrale is commonly used as a live vaccine to prevent anaplasmosis, but it can only be produced from infected blood. ufmg1 is a low pathogenic brazilian strain of a. marginale, which has been shown to protect cattle against a high pathogenic brazilian isolate. as ufmg1 can be grown in tick cells, ... | 2013 | 24589108 |
| prevalence survey of selected bovine pathogens in water buffaloes in the north region of brazil. | although the largest buffalo herd in the occident is in the north region of brazil, few studies have been conducted to assess the prevalence of selected parasitic diseases in buffalo herd. the present study was therefore conducted to investigate the epidemiological of toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum, anaplasma marginale, babesia bigemina, and babesia bovis in water buffaloes in the north region of brazil. a total of 4796 buffalo blood samples were randomly collected from five provinces and s ... | 2014 | 24563780 |
| identification and characterization of a trypanosoma congolense 46 kda protein as a candidate serodiagnostic antigen. | trypanosoma congolense is a major livestock pathogen in africa, causing large economic losses with serious effects on animal health. reliable serodiagnostic tests are therefore urgently needed to control t. congolense infection. in this study, we have identified one t. congolense protein as a new candidate serodiagnostic antigen. the 46.4 kda protein (tcp46, gene id: tcil3000.0.25950) is expressed 5.36 times higher in metacyclic forms than epimastigote forms. the complete nucleotide sequences of ... | 2014 | 24492330 |
| tick capillary feeding for the study of proteins involved in tick-pathogen interactions as potential antigens for the control of tick infestation and pathogen infection. | ticks represent a significant health risk to animals and humans due to the variety of pathogens they can transmit during feeding. the traditional use of chemicals to control ticks has serious drawbacks, including the selection of acaricide-resistant ticks and environmental contamination with chemical residues. vaccination with the tick midgut antigen bm86 was shown to be a good alternative for cattle tick control. however, results vary considerably between tick species and geographic location. t ... | 2014 | 24450836 |
| a proline racemase based pcr for identification of trypanosoma vivax in cattle blood. | a study was conducted to develop a trypanosoma vivax (t. vivax) specific pcr based on the t. vivax proline racemase (tvprac) gene. forward and reverse primers were designed that bind at 764-783 bp and 983-1002 bp of the gene. to assess its specificity, tvprac pcr was conducted on dna extracted from different haemotropic pathogens: t. vivax from nigeria, ethiopia and venezuela, t. congolense savannah type, t. brucei brucei, t. evansi, t. equiperdum, t. theileri, theileria parva, anaplasma margina ... | 2014 | 24416292 |
| control of tick infestations and pathogen prevalence in cattle and sheep farms vaccinated with the recombinant subolesin-major surface protein 1a chimeric antigen. | despite the use of chemical acaricides, tick infestations continue to affect animal health and production worldwide. tick vaccines have been proposed as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative for tick control. vaccination with the candidate tick protective antigen, subolesin (sub), has been shown experimentally to be effective in controlling vector infestations and pathogen infection. furthermore, escherichia coli membranes containing the chimeric antigen composed of sub fused ... | 2014 | 24398155 |
| risk factors for anaplasmosis in dairy cows during the peripartum. | anaplasma marginale is endemic in tropical and subtropical areas around the world. some studies have suggested that cows during peripartum may present a transient immunosuppression state and development of clinical signs of anaplasmosis. the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between some risk factors and the seroprevalence of a. marginale in dairy cows during peripartum in rio de janeiro, brazil. the risk factors analyzed in association with the prevalence of antibodies again ... | 2014 | 24307390 |
| detection of genetic diversity of anaplasma marginale isolates in minas gerais, brazil. | bovine anaplasmosis, caused by the tick-borne rickettsia anaplasma marginale, is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions of the world and results in economic losses in the cattle industry. major surface proteins (msps) have been used as markers for the genetic characterization of a. marginale strains and demonstrate that many isolates may occur in a given geographic area. however, in brazil, little is known about the genetic diversity of a. marginale isolates within individual herds. this st ... | 2013 | 24252959 |
| molecular and serological prevalence of anaplasma marginale in water buffaloes in northern brazil. | bovine anaplasmosis, caused by anaplasma marginale, occurs in tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world and is a major constraint on cattle production in many countries. approximately 60% of the buffalo herds in south america are located in northern brazil. however, compared with the research on cattle, research on buffaloes has been neglected. therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the distribution of a. marginale in water buffaloes in northern brazil. a total of ... | 2014 | 24246707 |
| molecular investigation and phylogeny of anaplasma spp. in mediterranean ruminants reveal the presence of neutrophil-tropic strains closely related to a. platys. | few data are available on the prevalence and molecular typing of species belonging to the genus anaplasma in mediterranean ruminants. in this study, pcr analysis and sequencing of both 16s rrna and groel genes were combined to investigate the presence, prevalence, and molecular traits of anaplasma spp. in ruminants sampled on the island of sardinia, chosen as a subtropical representative area. the results demonstrate a high prevalence of anaplasma spp. in ruminants, with animals infected by at l ... | 2013 | 24162569 |
| immunogenicity of hypothetical highly conserved proteins as novel antigens in anaplasma marginale. | anaplasma marginale is a tick-transmitted gram-negative intraerythrocytic bacterium and the etiological agent of bovine anaplasmosis. even though considerable research efforts have been undertaken, anaplasmosis vaccine development remains a challenging field. outer-membrane-specific antigens responsible for the ability of more complex immunogens could have a significant role in the protective response. thus, the identification of outer-membrane antigens represents a major goal in the development ... | 2014 | 24126603 |
| vaccination with proteins involved in tick-pathogen interactions reduces vector infestations and pathogen infection. | tick-borne pathogens cause diseases that greatly impact animal health and production worldwide. the ultimate goal of tick vaccines is to protect against tick-borne diseases through the control of vector infestations and reducing pathogen infection and transmission. tick genetic traits are involved in vector-pathogen interactions and some of these molecules such as subolesin (sub) have been shown to protect against vector infestations and pathogen infection. based on these premises, herein we cha ... | 2013 | 24084474 |
| prevalence of parasitic infections in cattle of ludhiana district, punjab. | a total of 862 cattle were sampled for both haematological (703) and coprological (159) investigations at the large animal clinics, gadvasu, ludhiana, punjab, india. examination of giemsa-stained peripheral blood smears exhibited that 22.9 % (161/703) of cattle were infected with haematozoa comprising theileria annulata (14.65 %), trypanosoma evansi (0.28 %), babesia bigemina (1.56 %) and anaplasma marginale (8.53 %) while mixed infection appeared in 2.13 % (15/703) animals. the prevalence of to ... | 2012 | 24082538 |
| morphology of colonies of anaplasma marginale in nymphal dermacentor andersoni. | colonies of anaplasma marginale theiler were studied in midgut epithelial cells of nymphal dermacentor andersoni stiles that had become infected by feeding on splenectomized calves with anaplasmosis. colonies of a marginale were not observed in nymphal ticks killed during the 6-day feeding period, but were present in sections of midgut epithelial cells of ticks killed as early as 5 days after repletion. colonies of a marginale also were present in ticks examined throughout development to the adu ... | 1984 | 24049913 |
| characterization of recombinant msp5 anaplasma marginale havana isolate. | anaplasma marginale is the causative agent of bovine anaplasmosis, a disease of worldwide economic importance. major surface proteins (msps) are involved in host-pathogen and tick-pathogen interactions and they have been used as markers for the genetic characterization of a. marginale strains and phylogenetic studies. the major surface protein 5 (msp5) is highly conserved in the genus anaplasma and in all isolates of a. marginale. the aim of the present work was to carry out the cloning, sequenc ... | 2009 | 24031449 |
| in vitro establishment and propagation of a brazilian strain of anaplasma marginale with appendage in ide8 (ixodes scapularis) cells. | a brazilian isolate of anaplasma marginale with appendage was successfully established and maintained in vitro in a tick cell line (ide8). infection was confirmed by optical and transmission electron microscopy. in addition, primers msp1anf2 and msp1anr2 amplified products from dna extracted from infected ide8 cells. comparisons with partial sequences of the msp1α gene and the complete genome of a. marginale confirmed that the sequences of amplified fragments were from the a. marginale genome. t ... | 2009 | 24031379 |
| parasite co-infections show synergistic and antagonistic interactions on growth performance of east african zebu cattle under one year. | the co-occurrence of different pathogen species and their simultaneous infection of hosts are common, and may affect host health outcomes. co-infecting pathogens may interact synergistically (harming the host more) or antagonistically (harming the host less) compared with single infections. here we have tested associations of infections and their co-infections with variation in growth rate using a subset of 455 animals of the infectious diseases of east africa livestock (ideal) cohort study surv ... | 2013 | 24001119 |
| blood parasites of livestock in certain regions in saudi arabia. | blood samples from camels, sheep, goats and cattle from six regions in saudi arabia were examined for blood parasites. asir region camels were disinfected while those of the eastern, jazan, northern frontiers, riyadh and tabouk regions were infected with trypanosoma evansi (5-40%), those of riyadh and the eastern regions were infected with dipetalonema evansi (1-6%) and those of the eastern, jazan and riyadh regions were infected with eperythrozoon species (8-20%). sheep and goats of all tested ... | 0 | 23961044 |
| antigenic variation and transmission fitness as drivers of bacterial strain structure. | shifts in microbial strain structure underlie both emergence of new pathogens and shifts in patterns of infection and disease of known agents. understanding the selective pressures at a population level as well as the mechanisms at the molecular level represent significant gaps in our knowledge regarding microbial epidemiology. highly antigenically variant pathogens, which are broadly represented among microbial taxa, are most commonly viewed through the mechanistic lens of how they evade immune ... | 2013 | 23941262 |
| transplacental transmission of anaplasma marginale in beef cattle chronically infected in southern brazil. | in this study, we have investigated the incidence of transplacental transmission of anaplasma marginale in chronically infected cows with no history of acute anaplasmosis during gestation. in addition, we evaluated various techniques for detection of transplacental transmission of a. marginale. blood samples were collected from 30 cows at three different periods: at the time of artificial insemination, at gestational diagnosis, and after calving. also, blood was collected from the newborn calves ... | 2013 | 23856734 |
| immune response of calves inoculated with proteins of anaplasma marginale bound to an immunostimulant complex. | despite our current knowledge of the immunology, pathology, and genetics of anaplasma marginale, prevention in cattle is currently based on old standbys, including live attenuated vaccines, antibiotic treatment, and maintaining enzootic stability in cattle herds. in the present study, we evaluated the use of an immunostimulant complex (iscomatrix) adjuvant, associated with a pool of recombinant major surface proteins (rmsp1a, rmsp1b, rmsp4 and rmsp5) to improve the humoral immune response trigge ... | 2013 | 23856733 |
| maternal antibody uptake, duration and influence on survival and growth rate in a cohort of indigenous calves in a smallholder farming system in western kenya. | the passive transfer of antibodies from dams to offspring via colostrum is believed to play an important role in protecting neonatal mammals from infectious disease. the study presented here investigates the uptake of colostrum by 548 calves in western kenya maintained under smallholder farming, an important agricultural system in eastern africa. serum samples collected from the calves and dams at recruitment (within the first week of life) were analysed for the presence of antibodies to four ti ... | 2013 | 23838470 |
| seroprevalence and risk factors for cattle anaplasmosis, babesiosis, and trypanosomiasis in a brazilian semiarid region. | the seroprevalence of anaplasma marginale, babesia bigemina, babesia bovis and trypanosoma vivax and the risk factors for these infections were investigated in 509 cows on 37 farms in the semiarid region of paraíba, northeastern brazil. cow serum samples were tested by means of immunofluorescence assay (ifa) against each specific antigen. the mean seroprevalence values per farm were 15.0% (range: 0-75%) for a. marginale, 9.5% (range: 0-40%) for b. bigemina and 26.9% (range: 0-73.7%) for b. bovis ... | 2013 | 23802235 |
| functional and immunological relevance of anaplasma marginale major surface protein 1a sequence and structural analysis. | bovine anaplasmosis is caused by cattle infection with the tick-borne bacterium, anaplasma marginale. the major surface protein 1a (msp1a) has been used as a genetic marker for identifying a. marginale strains based on n-terminal tandem repeats and a 5'-utr microsatellite located in the msp1a gene. the msp1a tandem repeats contain immune relevant elements and functional domains that bind to bovine erythrocytes and tick cells, thus providing information about the evolution of host-pathogen and ve ... | 2013 | 23776456 |
| a report on the high prevalence of anaplasma sp. in buffaloes from two provinces in pakistan. | the present study was designed to use a pcr-rflp protocol for the molecular detection of anaplasma sp. and to compare its prevalence in blood samples from buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) from 2 provinces of pakistan and to determine the risk factors associated with the spread of anaplasma infection. a total of 281 blood samples were collected from adults and calves of buffaloes from 4 sampling sites in southern punjab (bahawalnagar, burewala, layyah, and multan districts) and 2 in khyber pukhtoon kh ... | 2013 | 23743023 |
| bovine carriers of anaplasma marginale and anaplasma bovis in south india. | carriers of bovine anaplasmosis in northern kerala, south india were detected using conventional microscopical and molecular techniques. pcr-rflp and nested pcr techniques were used for detection of anaplasma marginale and anaplasma bovis respectively and the pcr products were confirmed by sequencing. out of 150 samples tested, 25 were detected positive for a. marginale and five for a. bovis based on molecular tests. the inclusion bodies of a. marginale could be detected by microscopy in two blo ... | 2013 | 23665715 |
| protective immunity induced by immunization with a live, cultured anaplasma marginale strain. | despite significant economic losses resulting from infection with anaplasma marginale, a tick-transmitted rickettsial pathogen of cattle, available vaccines provide, at best, only partial protection against clinical disease. the green-fluorescent protein expressing mutant of the a. marginale st. maries strain is a live, marked vaccine candidate (amstm-gfp). to test whether amstm-gfp is safe and provides clinical protection, a group of calves was vaccinated, and clinical parameters, including per ... | 2013 | 23664994 |
| detection of anaplasma marginale in hyalomma asiaticum ticks by pcr assay. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was performed in this study to amplify the major surface protein 5 (msp5) gene from the genomic dna of anaplasma marginale in hyalomma asiaticum ticks by species-specific primers. sequence analysis showed that the msp5 gene was 643 bases long and that the pcr products from the samples had an identical sequence (jx507127). moreover, the blast showed that the sequence was identical to the msp5 sequences of a. marginale and most closely related to the a. marg ... | 2013 | 23636309 |
| transcriptional pathways associated with the slow growth phenotype of transformed anaplasma marginale. | the ability to genetically manipulate bacteria has been fundamentally important for both basic biological discovery and translational research to develop new vaccines and antibiotics. experimental alteration of the genetic content of prokaryotic pathogens has revealed both expected functional relationships and unexpected phenotypic consequences. slow growth phenotypes have been reported for multiple transformed bacterial species, including extracellular and intracellular pathogens. understanding ... | 2013 | 23607288 |
| epitope-based vaccines with the anaplasma marginale msp1a functional motif induce a balanced humoral and cellular immune response in mice. | bovine anaplasmosis is a hemoparasitic disease that causes considerable economic loss to the dairy and beef industries. cattle immunized with the anaplasma marginale msp1 outer membrane protein complex presents a protective humoral immune response; however, its efficacy is variable. immunodominant epitopes seem to be a key-limiting factor for the adaptive immunity. we have successfully demonstrated that critical motifs of the msp1a functional epitope are essential for antibody recognition of inf ... | 2013 | 23579784 |
| association of bola-drb3 alleles with tick-borne disease tolerance in dairy cattle in a tropical environment. | tick-borne disease is one of the most harmful tropical diseases in dairy production. selection of dairy cows for tolerance to tick-borne disease is a challenging concept for dairy breeders in the tropics. the objectives of this study were (1) to detect specific tick-borne pathogen in cattle of different genetics and (2) to examine the polymorphisms of drb3.2 alleles in thai dairy cattle and find the allelic association with tick-borne disease tolerance. specific primers to anaplasma marginale (a ... | 2013 | 23571121 |
| identification of multilocus genetic heterogeneity in anaplasma marginale subsp. centrale and its restriction following tick-borne transmission. | anaplasma marginale subsp. centrale was the first vaccine used to protect against a rickettsial disease and is still in widespread use a century later. as its use preceded development of either cryopreservation or cell culture, the vaccine strain was maintained for decades by sequential passage among donor animals, excluding the natural tick-borne transmission cycle that provides a selective pressure or population "bottleneck." we demonstrated that the vaccine strain is genetically heterogeneous ... | 2013 | 23509140 |
| molecular survey of bovine vector-borne pathogens in cebu, philippines. | vector-borne diseases (vbds) continue to threaten the worldwide livestock industry, but comprehensive epidemiological surveys on such diseases have not been conducted in the philippines. in the present study, we screened 408 bovine blood samples from 9 areas in cebu, philippines, for various vbd pathogens using specific pcr assays. the results revealed prevalences of 54.7, 15.4, 10.0, and 12.0% for anaplasma spp., babesia bigemina, babesia bovis, and trypanosoma (tr.) theileri, respectively. in ... | 2013 | 23499481 |
| linkage between anaplasma marginale outer membrane proteins enhances immunogenicity but is not required for protection from challenge. | the prevention of bacterial infections via immunization presents particular challenges. while outer membrane extracts are often protective, they are difficult and expensive to isolate and standardize and thus are often impractical for development and implementation in vaccination programs. in contrast, individual proteins, which are easily adapted for use in subunit vaccines, tend to be poorly protective. consequently, identification of the specific characteristics of outer membrane-based immuno ... | 2013 | 23446216 |
| red deer (cervus elaphus) as a host for the cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae) in yucatan, mexico. | rhipicephalus microplus is the most economically important cattle tick in the mexican tropics. wild ungulate species, including red deer (cervus elaphus), are gaining popularity in diversified livestock ranching operations in mexico. however, there is no information available on the susceptibility of red deer to infestation with the cattle tick, r. microplus, under hot, subhumid tropical conditions in mexico. biological data on r. microplus as an ectoparasite of cattle and red deer in a farm in ... | 2013 | 23423423 |
| prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in adult dermacentor spp. ticks from nine collection sites in france. | the importance of dermacentor spp. in the transmission of tick-borne pathogens is not well recognized in europe. to investigate the role of dermacentor spp. in the transmission of tick-borne pathogens, questing ticks were collected in 9 sites from southern to northwestern france (camargue delta to eastern brittany) where dermacentor spp. exist and tick-borne diseases had occurred previously. three tick species were collected during the spring and autumn of 2009. collected ticks (both males and f ... | 2013 | 23421886 |
| prevalence and haemato-biochemical profile of anaplasma marginale infection in dairy animals of punjab (india). | to do the systematic comparison of prevalence of anaplasmosis by pcr and giemsa stained thin blood smear (gstbs) based parasitological assays in dairy cattle of punjab, which has not been reported yet. to analyse the haematobiochemical alterations in infected animals to arrive at the conclusion regarding the pathogenicity induced by anaplasma marginale (a. marginale) in latent and patent infection. | 2013 | 23339917 |
| epidemiological perspectives of ticks and tick-borne diseases in south sudan: cross-sectional survey results. | a cross-sectional study was conducted between september and october 2010 in five states of south sudan that were selected on the basis of the perceived risk of tick-borne diseases. the purpose was to investigate epidemiological parameters of tick-borne diseases in south sudan and their uses in future control strategies. a total of 805 calves were assessed by clinical, microscopic and serological examination and tick counts. the indirect enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (elisa) was used to dete ... | 2012 | 23327317 |
| development of a multiplex pcr assay for simultaneous detection of theileria annulata, babesia bovis and anaplasma marginale in cattle. | tropical theileriosis, bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis are tick-borne protozoan diseases that impose serious constraints on the health and productivity of domestic cattle in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. a common feature of these diseases is that, following recovery from primary infection, animals become persistent carriers of the pathogen and continue to play a critical role in disease epidemiology, acting as reservoirs of infection. this study describes development and eva ... | 2012 | 23183165 |
| development and validation of two pcr tests for the detection of and differentiation between anaplasma ovis and anaplasma marginale. | anaplasma ovis and anaplasma marginale are tick-transmitted bacteria that cause anaplasmosis in domestic and wild animals. recent results show that some domestic and wild animals and ticks are susceptible to both a. ovis and a. marginale, thus supporting the need to differentiate between these species in hosts and ticks diagnosed with anaplasma infection. however, although anaplasmosis is one of the most common diseases of grazing animals worldwide, rapid and effective tests are not available fo ... | 2012 | 23182548 |
| comparative genomics and transcriptomics of trait-gene association. | the order rickettsiales includes important tick-borne pathogens, from rickettsia rickettsii, which causes rocky mountain spotted fever, to anaplasma marginale, the most prevalent vector-borne pathogen of cattle. although most pathogens in this order are transmitted by arthropod vectors, little is known about the microbial determinants of transmission. a. marginale provides unique tools for studying the determinants of transmission, with multiple strain sequences available that display distinct a ... | 2012 | 23181781 |
| specific molecular detection and characterization of anaplasma marginale in mongolian cattle. | anaplasma marginale is an etiologic agent of bovine anaplasmosis. this study aimed to molecularly detect and characterize a. marginale that is prevalent in mongolian cattle populations. a highly specific and sensitive nested pcr (npcr) method based on the msp5 gene was developed to detect a. marginale (msp5 npcr). the method detected a. marginale from the positive dna samples obtained from different countries, while no amplicons were observed from dna samples of several other bovine blood pathog ... | 2013 | 23149483 |
| lice outbreak in buffaloes: evidence of anaplasma marginale transmission by sucking lice haematopinus tuberculatus. | lice infestations are commonly seen in buffaloes, causing damage directly to the animal, i.e., itching, skin lesions, and anemia. in addition, these insects can also be vectors for infectious diseases. the present study describes an outbreak of lice in buffaloes as well as evidence for haematopinus tuberculatus acting as a vector of anaplasmosis. lice and blood were collected from 4 young buffaloes (2- to 4-mo-old) and a molecular analysis for the presence of anaplasma marginale was conducted. d ... | 2013 | 23050728 |
| subdominant antigens in bacterial vaccines: am779 is subdominant in the anaplasma marginale outer membrane vaccine but does not associate with protective immunity. | identification of specific antigens responsible for the ability of complex immunogens to induce protection is a major goal in development of bacterial vaccines. much of the investigation has focused on highly abundant and highly immunodominant outer membrane proteins. recently however, genomic and proteomic approaches have facilitated identification of minor components of the bacterial outer membrane that have previously been missed or ignored in immunological analyses. immunization with anaplas ... | 2012 | 23029498 |
| rapid identification and differentiation of theileria sergenti and theileria sinensis using a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay. | the present study developed and validated a species-specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay for the rapid detection and discrimination of two benign bovine theileria species -t. sergenti and t. sinensis. the lamp assay is inexpensive and easy to perform and involves a rapid reaction-the amplification can be performed in 55 min or 50 min under isothermal conditions of 61°c or 63°c, respectively, by employing a set of four species-specific primer mixtures. the results can be c ... | 2013 | 22947247 |
| first molecular characterization of anaplasma marginale in cattle and rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus ticks in cebu, philippines. | anaplasma marginale has been detected in the philippines only by peripheral blood smear examination and serological methods. this study generally aimed to molecularly detect and characterize a. marginale in cattle and ticks in cebu, philippines. a total of 12 bovine blood samples and 60 rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus ticks were collected on the cebu island in 2011. 16s rrna-based screening-pcr and dna sequencing revealed 8 cattle (66.7%) and 8 ticks (13.3%) to be positive for a. marginale, ... | 2013 | 22878542 |
| loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) method based on two species-specific primer sets for the rapid identification of chinese babesia bovis and b. bigemina. | bovine babesiosis is a tick-transmitted hemoprotozoan disease that is mainly caused by babesia bovis and/or babesia bigemina and is characterized by significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. this disease is widespread in most parts of china. however, it is difficult to rapidly discriminate between the b. bovis and b. bigemina species. to detect and distinguish these species, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) platform that targets specific sequences of the internal transcribed ... | 2012 | 22849831 |
| evaluating the effectiveness of an inactivated vaccine from anaplasma marginale derived from tick cell culture. | the protective efficacy of an inactivated vaccine from anaplasma marginale that was cultured in tick cells (ide8) for use against bovine anaplasmosis was evaluated. five calves (group 1) were inoculated subcutaneously, at 21-day intervals, with three doses of vaccine containing 3 × 10(9) a. marginale initial bodies. five control calves received saline solution alone (group 2). thirty-two days after the final inoculation, all the calves were challenged with approximately 3 × 10(5) erythrocytes in ... | 2013 | 22832750 |
| in vitro cultivation of anaplasma marginale and a. phagocytophilum in tick cell lines: a review. | continuous cell lines have been established from several ixodid and argasid tick species, representing an excellent tool suitable for the isolation of pathogens and their subsequent propagation, which in turn allows the production of antigenic material for diagnostic tests, antibody and vaccine production, and also for studies on host-vector-pathogen relationships. this paper reviews the use of tick cells for culture initiation and maintenance of two obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens, a ... | 2013 | 22832744 |
| sensitivity and specificity of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay relative to quantitative reverse transcriptase pcr for detection of anaplasma marginale and a. phagocytophilum. | 2012 | 22829635 | |
| detection of parasites and parasitic infections of free-ranging wildlife on a game ranch in zambia: a challenge for disease control. | ex-situ conservancies are expanding alternatives to livestock production in zambia albeit the lack of information on circulating infectious parasites from wildlife. therefore, 12 wildlife species were examined on a game ranch were all species were found to be infected by rhipecephalus spp. haemoparasite infections were estimated at 7.37% (n = 95) with babesia spp. detected in bushbuck (tragelaphus scriptus); anaplasma marginale in impala (aepyceros melampus) and puku (kobus vardonii) for the fir ... | 2012 | 22701163 |
| expansion of variant diversity associated with a high prevalence of pathogen strain superinfection under conditions of natural transmission. | superinfection occurs when a second, genetically distinct pathogen strain infects a host that has already mounted an immune response to a primary strain. for antigenically variant pathogens, the primary strain itself expresses a broad diversity of variants over time. thus, successful superinfection would require that the secondary strain express a unique set of variants. we tested this hypothesis under conditions of natural transmission in both temperate and tropical regions where, respectively, ... | 2012 | 22585962 |
| determining the repertoire of immunodominant proteins via whole-genome amplification of intracellular pathogens. | culturing many obligate intracellular bacteria is difficult or impossible. however, these organisms have numerous adaptations allowing for infection persistence and immune system evasion, making them some of the most interesting to study. recent advancements in genome sequencing, pyrosequencing and phi29 amplification, have allowed for examination of whole-genome sequences of intracellular bacteria without culture. we have applied both techniques to the model obligate intracellular pathogen anap ... | 2012 | 22558468 |
| expression patterns of anaplasma marginale msp2 variants change in response to growth in cattle, and tick cells versus mammalian cells. | antigenic variation of major surface proteins is considered an immune-evasive maneuver used by pathogens as divergent as bacteria and protozoa. likewise, major surface protein 2 (msp2) of the tick-borne pathogen, anaplasma marginale, is thought to be involved in antigenic variation to evade the mammalian host immune response. however, this dynamic process also works in the tick vector in the absence of immune selection pressure. we examined msp2 variants expressed during infection of four tick a ... | 2012 | 22558307 |
| comparative seroprevalences of bovine trypanosomiasis and anaplasmosis in five states of malaysia. | a comparative seroprevalence study on bovine trypanosomiasis and anaplasmosis was conducted. sera of adult cattle and buffaloes of different breeds from farms from five different states in malaysia were collected and tested for the presence of trypanosoma evansi antibodies by catt and anaplasma marginale antibodies by c-elisa. of the 116 samples, 14.7% tested positive for bovine trypanosomiasis and 77.6% for bovine anaplasmosis. | 2012 | 22543604 |
| effectiveness of enrofloxacin for the treatment of experimentally-induced bovine anaplasmosis. | four groups of six holstein calves were inoculated with 3.6 × 10(7) erythrocytes parasitized with anaplasma marginale. the criteria for treatment of calves were increasing a. marginale rickettsemia and 30% reduction of baseline packed cell volume (pcv) of each animal. group 1 (g1) received 7.5 mg.kg(-1) of enrofloxacin in a single dose; group 2 (g2) 7.5 mg.kg(-1) of enrofloxacin twice every three days; group 3 (g3) 20 mg.kg(-1) of long-acting oxytetracycline in a single dose; and group 4 (g4) a ... | 2014 | 22534942 |
| molecular and serological prevalence of anaplasma marginale in cattle of north central morocco. | a cross sectional study was conducted to investigate the epidemiological distribution of anaplasma marginale in north central morocco. blood samples from five provinces of morocco were collected from apparently healthy cattle (n=668) and simultaneously analyzed by a nested polymerase chain reaction (npcr) assay and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (celisa). the overall prevalence of a. marginale was 21.9% by npcr and 16.5% by celisa. the kappa coefficient between npcr and celisa ind ... | 2012 | 22465306 |
| prevalence and molecular detection of anaplasma marginale, babesia bovis and babesia bigemina in cattle from puntarenas province, costa rica. | a study was conducted in 2008 to determine the prevalence of anaplasma and babesia infections in cattle in the puntarenas province of costa rica. blood samples were taken from a total of 449 cattle during the month of march at 30 farms in the region of espiritu santu, costa rica. commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) were used to determine presence of antibodies to babesia bigemina and anaplasma marginale, and real-time pcr was used to determine the presence of dna fr ... | 2012 | 22465150 |
| the twin-arginine translocation pathway in α-proteobacteria is functionally preserved irrespective of genomic and regulatory divergence. | the twin-arginine translocation (tat) pathway exports fully folded proteins out of the cytoplasm of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. although much progress has been made in unraveling the molecular mechanism and biochemical characterization of the tat system, little is known concerning its functionality and biological role to confer adaptive skills, symbiosis or pathogenesis in the α-proteobacteria class. a comparative genomic analysis in the α-proteobacteria class confirmed the presenc ... | 2012 | 22438962 |
| functional epitope core motif of the anaplasma marginale major surface protein 1a and its incorporation onto bioelectrodes for antibody detection. | anaplasmosis, a persistent intraerythrocytic infection of cattle by anaplasma marginale, causes severe anemia and a higher rate of abortion, resulting in significant loss to both dairy and beef industries. clinical diagnosis is based on symptoms and confirmatory laboratory tests are required. currently, all the diagnostic assays have been developed with whole antigens with indirect elisa based on multiple epitopes. in a pioneer investigation we demonstrated the use of critical motifs of an epito ... | 2012 | 22427942 |
| serological cross-reactivity between anaplasma marginale and an ehrlichia species in naturally and experimentally infected cattle. | seroconversion and cross-reactivity in cattle infected with anaplasma marginale or a recently described ehrlichia species (bov2010 from british columbia, canada) were investigated. the study used 76 samples from 20 animals, a commercially available competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (celisa) for bovine anaplasmosis, and an indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat). blood smear examination and/or polymerase chain reaction assay were performed to confirm or rule out the presence of anap ... | 2011 | 22362799 |
| breadth of the cd4+ t cell response to anaplasma marginale virb9-1, virb9-2 and virb10 and mhc class ii dr and dq restriction elements. | mhc class ii molecules influence antigen-specific cd4+ t lymphocyte responses primed by immunization and infection. cd4+ t cell responses are important for controlling infection by many bacterial pathogens including anaplasma marginale and are observed in cattle immunized with the protective a. marginale outer membrane (om) vaccine. immunogenic proteins that comprise the protective om vaccine include type iv secretion system (t4ss) proteins virb9-1, virb9-2 and virb10, candidates for inclusion i ... | 2012 | 22361828 |
| comparison of microscopy and pcr-rflp for detection of anaplasma marginale in carrier cattle. | in iran, anaplasmosis is normally diagnosed with traditional giemsa staining method. this is not applicable for identification of the carrier animals. the aim of this study was to compare the detection of anaplasma marginale in two different numbers of microscopic fields (50 and 100) using conventional giemsa staining method compared with the pcr-rflp technique. | 2010 | 22347555 |
| fatal congenital anaplasmosis associated with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) infection in a crossbred calf. | clinical disease resulting from the vertical transmission of anaplasma marginale has only been reported on 5 occasions despite studies demonstrating successful in utero transmission. during the reported experimental induction of congenital anaplasmosis in calves, the outcome was variable but mostly led to inapparent or mild infection. there are previous case reports of fatal congenital anaplasmosis following natural infection. the clinical findings in a 2-day-old calf presented to the onderstepo ... | 2011 | 22332304 |
| pathogen prevalence in ticks collected from the vegetation and livestock in nigeria. | ticks are important disease vectors that can cause considerable economic losses by affecting animal health and productivity, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. in this study, we investigated the prevalence and diversity of bacterial and protozoan tick-borne pathogens in ticks collected from the vegetation and cattle in nigeria by pcr. the infection rates of questing ticks were 3.1% for rickettsia species, 0.1% for coxiella burnetii and 0.4% for borrelia species. other pathogens, suc ... | 2012 | 22327584 |
| molecular identification of tick-borne pathogens in nigerian ticks. | a molecular epidemiology investigation was undertaken in two nigerian states (plateau and nassarawa) to determine the prevalence of pathogens of veterinary and public health importance associated with ticks collected from cattle and dogs using pcr, cloning and sequencing or reverse line blot techniques. a total of 218 tick samples, amblyomma variegatum (n=153), rhipicephalus (boophilus) decoloratus (n=45), and rhipicephalus sanguineus (n=20) were sampled. pathogens identified in ticks included p ... | 2012 | 22326937 |