Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| decreased colonization of chicks by salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum expressing mannose-sensitive fimh adhesin from salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis. | to investigate the role of non-hemagglutinating type 1 fimbriae in the pathogenesis of salmonella gallinarum, the isogenic mutant elaborating type 1 fimbriae with mannose-sensitive (ms) variant of the fimh adhesin from salmonella enteritidis and the mutant strain with no fimh expression were constructed. their binding to chicken leukocytes in vitro and invasiveness in 1-day-old chicks were studied. our results demonstrated that s. gallinarum type 1 fimbriae with an endogenous variant of the fimh ... | 2012 | 22364838 |
| comparison of 2 culture methods and pcr assays for salmonella detection in poultry feces. | the present work compared 2 culture methods and the combinations of pre-enrichment and enrichment culture methods with pcr assays [buffered peptone water-pcr and tetrathionate-pcr or modified semisolid rappaport-vassiliadis (msrv)-pcr] for motile and nonmotile salmonella strain detection using artificially contaminated poultry feces. the specificity and positive predictive values were equal to one in both culture methods. specificity and positive predictive values, accuracy, sensitivity, and neg ... | 2012 | 22334736 |
| Multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis for subtyping Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum. | Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum causes a severe systemic disease, fowl typhoid, primarily in chickens and turkeys, and it remains a disease of worldwide significance. Multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) has proved to be very useful for subtyping other Salmonella serovars. We describe the development of a simple MLVA assay for S. enterica serovar Gallinarum that is comparable with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) in resolution. The genome sequence of S. enterica ... | 2011 | 22107089 |
| efficacy of bacteriophage therapy on horizontal transmission of salmonella gallinarum on commercial layer chickens. | a salmonella gallinarum (sg)-specific bacteriophage isolated from sewage effluent was used to prevent horizontal transmission of sg in commercial layer chickens. six-week-old chickens, each challenged with 5 x 10(8) colony-forming units of sg, cohabited with contact chickens treated with 10(6) plaque-forming units/kg of bacteriophage, prepared in feed additives, for 7 days before, and 21 days after challenge with sg. mortality was observed for 3 wk after challenge and sg was periodically reisola ... | 2011 | 22017042 |
| Comparison of the safety and efficacy of a new live Salmonella Gallinarum vaccine candidate, JOL916, with the SG9R vaccine in chickens. | We evaluated a recently developed live vaccine candidate for fowl typhoid (FT)-JOL916, a lon/cpxR mutant of Salmonella Gallinarum (SG)-by comparing its safety and efficacy with that of the well-known rough mutant strain SG9R vaccine in 6-wk-old Hy-Line hens. Forty-five chickens were divided into three groups of 15 chickens each. The chickens were then intramuscularly inoculated with 2 x 10(7) colony-forming units (CFUs) of JOL916 (JOL916 group), 2 x 10(7) CFUs of SG9R (SG9R group), or phosphate- ... | 2011 | 22017038 |
| oxygenated drinking water enhances immune activity in broiler chicks and increases survivability against salmonella gallinarum in experimentally infected broiler chicks. | it has been suggested that drinking oxygenated water may improve oxygen availability, which may increase vitality and improving immune activity. the present study evaluated the immune enhancing effects of oxygenated drinking water in broiler chicks and demonstrated the protective efficacy of oxygenated drinking water against salmonella gallinarum in experimentally infected broiler chicks. continuous drinking of oxygenated water markedly increased serum lysozyme activity, peripheral blood mononuc ... | 2011 | 21997234 |
| safety evaluation and immunogenicity of arabinose-based conditional lethal salmonella gallinarum mutant unable to survive ex vivo as a vaccine candidate for protection against fowl typhoid. | in seeking to develop a safe fowl typhoid (ft) vaccine, a novel candidate lacking cpxr, lon, and asd salmonella gallinarum (sg) genes was constructed with the plasmid-containing arac::p(arabad)::asd system. a balanced-lethal host-vector system based on the essential bacterial gene for aspartate beta-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (asd) was used to construct the sg mutant strain. a plasmid (p15a ori) with an arac::p(arabad)::asd cassette was introduced into an auxotrophic mutant to prevent ex vivo su ... | 2011 | 21793429 |
| safety and efficacy of a virulence gene-deleted live vaccine candidate for fowl typhoid in young chickens. | the safety and efficacy of a live lon-and-cpxr-deleted salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum (sg) vaccine candidate (jol916) was evaluated in young layer chickens. vaccinated (n=25) and unvaccinated (n=25) groups were organized, respectively, at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks of age. one-week-old and 2-week-old chickens were orally inoculated with 2+ù10(7) colony-forming units of jol916, and orally challenged with 2 x 10(6) colony-forming units of a wild-type sg strain at the third week post vaccination ... | 2011 | 21711190 |
| comprehensive analysis of salmonella sequence polymorphisms and development of a ldr-ua assay for the detection and characterization of selected serotypes. | salmonella is a major cause of food-borne disease, and salmonella enterica subspecies i includes the most clinically relevant serotypes. salmonella serotype determination is important for the disease etiology assessment and contamination source tracking. this task will be facilitated by the disclosure of salmonella serotype sequence polymorphisms, here annotated in seven genes (sefa, safa, safc, biga, inva, fima, and phsb) from 139 s. enterica strains, of which 109 belonging to 44 serotypes of s ... | 2011 | 21611799 |
| population dynamics of salmonella enterica serotypes in commercial egg and poultry production. | fresh and processed poultry have been frequently implicated in cases of human salmonellosis. furthermore, increased consumption of meat and poultry has increased the potential for exposure to salmonella. while advances have been made in reducing the prevalence and frequency of salmonella contamination in processed poultry, there is mounting pressure on commercial growers to prevent and/or eliminate these human pathogens in preharvest production facilities. several factors contribute to salmonell ... | 2011 | 21571882 |
| pullorum disease and fowl typhoid--new thoughts on old diseases: a review. | fowl typhoid and pullorum disease are two distinct septicaemic diseases largely specific to avian species and caused by salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum, respectively. they were first described more than one century ago. since their discovery, many efforts have been made to control and prevent their occurrence in commercial farming of birds. however, they remain a serious economic problem to livestock in countries where measures of control are not efficient or in those where the cli ... | 2011 | 21331943 |
| molecular epidemiology and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of salmonella isolated from poultry in kashmir. | a total of 480 samples, comprising 429 faecal samples from healthy adult birds and 51 tissue samples from dead birds, were collected from four government poultry farms in the kashmir valley from september 2007 to april 2008. in all, 33 salmonella isolates were obtained. of these, 28 (84.85%) isolates were salmonella gallinarum, 3 (9.09%) were salmonella enteritidis and the remaining 2 (6.06%) were salmonella typhimurium. all the isolates harboured the inva, sefa, stn and spvc virulence-specific ... | 2010 | 21309466 |
| validation of a seminested pcr approach for rapid detection of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum (s. gallinarum) is the causative agent of fowl typhoid, one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity on poultry farms. even though it has been substantially eradicated in many developed countries, the disease still remains endemic in central and south america, in africa and in the mediterranean countries of europe. this leads to the routine screening of flocks, mainly by cultivation and serological techniques, which are expensive, as w ... | 2011 | 21256889 |
| multilocus variable-number of tandem-repeats analysis of salmonella enterica serotype gallinarum and comparison with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis genotyping. | salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum is the causative agent of fowl typhoid, a severe disease of poultry, responsible for heavy economic losses. epidemiologic investigation of fowl typhoid significantly benefits from molecular typing tools, rapd and pfge have been proposed for this purpose. pfge, a well established technique, is still the gold standard among typing methods for most bacteria, including salmonella. nevertheless, it has some limitations regarding execution and reproducibility, in ... | 2010 | 21208755 |
| pathogenicity of sg 9r, a rough vaccine strain against fowl typhoid. | sg 9r, a rough vaccine strain of salmonella gallinarum, has been used for the prevention of fowl typhoid and paratyphoid in the world despite the presence of residual virulence. sg 9r-like rough strains have been recently isolated from fowl typhoid cases; however, molecular markers to differentiate sg 9r from field strains are not well-characterized and the molecular mechanisms of sg 9r residual virulence are unclear. therefore, we analyzed lps biosynthesis (rfa gene cluster) and virulence genes ... | 2010 | 21134445 |
| evaluation of safety and protection efficacy on cpxr and lon deleted mutant of salmonella gallinarum as a live vaccine candidate for fowl typhoid. | we evaluated a recently developed live fowl typhoid (ft) vaccine candidate, jol916, the cpxr/lon mutant of salmonella gallinarum (sg), for safety and protection efficacy in 5-week-old layer chickens. intramuscular vaccination with jol916 revealed no or very few lesions in livers and spleens of the animals until the fourth week post-vaccination (wpv). this candidate clearly induced cellular immune responses in 5 of 5 chickens on the first and second wpv based on the peripheral lymphocyte prolifer ... | 2010 | 21115058 |
| differential identification of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum biovars gallinarum and pullorum based on polymorphic regions of glgc and spec genes. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum biovars gallinarum and pullorum cause fowl typhoid and pullorum disease in avian species, respectively, and have been of considerable economic importance to the poultry industry in parts of the world. the definitive diagnosis of these diseases can be made only by isolation and identification of the causative agent. however, rapid identification of biovars gallinarum and pullorum is not easily feasible due to their common antigenic structure ... | 2010 | 21111918 |
| immune response induced by ppgpp-defective salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum in chickens. | to protect chickens from typhoid caused by salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum (s. gallinarum), the attenuated 9r strain has been used in the field as a vaccine. however, safety concerns have been raised because the mutations in 9r are undefined while its efficacy is still a question under debate. a global regulator, ppgpp, synthesized by rela and spot, has been shown to induce various virulence genes in s. gallinarum (jeong et al., 2008). in this study, two mutant strains defective in ppgpp- ... | 2010 | 21046347 |
| fowl typhoid; certain aspects of the experimentally produced disease. | 1946 | 20990794 | |
| dietary supplementation with a probiotic fermented four-herb combination enhances immune activity in broiler chicks and increases survivability against salmonella gallinarum in experimentally infected broiler chicks. | herbs including curcuma longa, houttuynia cordata, prunus mume and rubus coreanus have potential immune enhancing and antimicrobial effects. probiotics also have antibacterial effects, and some are important in regulating the immune system. the aims of the present study were to evaluate the immune enhancing effects of a probiotic fermented four-herb combination (pfh) in broiler chicks and to demonstrate the prophylactic effect of pfh against salmonella gallinarum in experimentally infected broil ... | 2010 | 20675965 |
| contribution of the type vi secretion system encoded in spi-19 to chicken colonization by salmonella enterica serotypes gallinarum and enteritidis. | salmonella gallinarum is a pathogen with a host range specific to poultry, while salmonella enteritidis is a broad host range pathogen that colonizes poultry sub-clinically but is a leading cause of gastrointestinal salmonellosis in humans and many other species. despite recent advances in our understanding of the complex interplay between salmonella and their hosts, the molecular basis of host range restriction and unique pathobiology of gallinarum remain largely unknown. type vi secretion syst ... | 2010 | 20661437 |
| characterization of antimicrobial resistance of recent salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum isolates from chickens in south korea. | salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum isolates (n=105) from chickens in south korea between 2002 and 2007 were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by determining minimum inhibitory concentrations of 16 antimicrobials, and their predominant resistance profiles were genetically characterized. most isolates (99/105; 94.3%) were resistant to nalidixic acid and resistant/intermediately resistant to fluoroquinolones, and 63.8% (67/105) of the isolates were resistant to three or more antimicrobial ... | 2010 | 20544426 |
| physiology, pathogenicity and immunogenicity of lon and/or cpxr deleted mutants of salmonella gallinarum as vaccine candidates for fowl typhoid. | to construct a novel live vaccine candidate for fowl typhoid (ft) caused by salmonella gallinarum (sg), the lon and cpxr genes that are related to host-pathogen interaction were deleted from a wild type sg using the allelic exchange method. the mutants were grown normally, as was the wild type. the biochemical properties of the mutants remained very similar to those of the wild-type, while jol914 (deltalon) and jol916 (deltalondeltacpxr) were mucoid. extracellular polysaccharide increased 30.6-, ... | 2010 | 20487719 |
| isolation of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in blue-fronted amazon parrot (amazona aestiva). | avian salmonellosis is a disease caused by bacteria of the genus salmonella that can cause three distinct diseases in birds: pullorum diseases, fowl typhoid, and paratyphoid infection. various wildlife species are susceptible to infections by salmonella, regardless of whether they live in captivity or freely in the wild. the present study verified the presence of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in three captive specimens of amazona aestiva. the study involved a total of 103 birds undergo ... | 2010 | 20408416 |
| the agglutination test as a means of detecting fowl typhoid infection. | 1947 | 20290832 | |
| [not available]. | 1946 | 20287118 | |
| humoral immune response in breeding hens and protective immunity provided by administration of purified salmonella gallinarum porins. | the current studies were undertaken to assess the ability of humoral immune response in breeding hens to provide protective maternal antibody in the progeny. a highly purified outer membrane protein, 34 kda, was isolated from a virulent strain of salmonella gallinarum. cross-reactivity was observed between this protein and salmonella typhi porins; thus we consider this outer membrane protein as a salmonella gallinarum porin. to evaluate passive immunity against salmonella gallinarum, 200 broiler ... | 2010 | 20181865 |
| control of salmonella enteritidis and salmonella gallinarum in birds by using live vaccine candidate containing attenuated salmonella gallinarum mutant strain. | the ideal live vaccine to control salmonella in commercial chicken flocks should engender protection against various strains. the purpose of the present study was to confirm the attenuation of a salmonella gallinarum (sg) mutant strain with deletion on genes cobs and cbia, that are involved in the biosynthesis of cobalamin. furthermore, evaluate its use as a live vaccine against salmonella. for the evaluation of the vaccine efficacy, two experiments were conducted separately. birds from a commer ... | 2010 | 20153354 |
| prevalence and characterization of salmonella gallinarum in the chicken in korea during 2000 to 2008. | salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum (salmonella gallinarum) is the causative agent of fowl typhoid (ft), a severe systemic disease of chickens that results in high mortality. since 1992, ft has become one of the most serious bacterial diseases in poultry in korea. the purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of ft during 2000 to 2008 and characterize the phenotype and genetic diversity of salmonella gallinarum isolates before and after adopting national-wide vaccination with a ... | 2010 | 20075274 |
| antibacterial activity of ecklonia cava against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and salmonella spp. | ecklonia cava is a brown alga (laminariales, phaeophyta) growing on the subtidal rocky shores of korea. it has antioxidant, antidiarrhea, and anticoagulant effects. in this study, the antimicrobial activity of e. cava etoh extract and its fractions (n-hexane, ch2cl2, etoac, n-buoh, and h2o) were investigated against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and salmonella spp. the e. cava etoac fraction showed good antibacterial activity against all bacteria. eckol isolated from e. cava etoac ... | 2010 | 20001325 |
| a note on the relation between b. pullorum (rettger) and the fowl typhoid bacillus (moore). | 1915 | 19972219 | |
| the pathogenic action of the fowl typhoid bacillus with special reference to certain toxins. | 1915 | 19972218 | |
| agglutination affinities of a pathogenic bacillus from fowls (fowl typhoid) (bacterium sanguinarium, moore) with the typhoid bacillus of man. | 1915 | 19972217 | |
| efficacy of several vaccination programmes in commercial layer and broiler breeder hens against experimental challenge with salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis. | two experiments were performed to evaluate the protective effect of various vaccination combinations given at 5 and 9 weeks of age against experimental challenge with salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (se) phage type 4 at 12 weeks of age. in experiment 1, groups of commercial layers were vaccinated by one of the following programmes: group 1, two doses of a se bacterin (layermune se); group 2, one dose of a live salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum vaccine (cevac sg9r) followed by one do ... | 2009 | 19937524 |
| identification of salmonella pullorum genomic sequences using suppression subtractive hybridization. | pullorum disease affecting poultry is caused by salmonella enterica serovar pullorum and results in severe economic loss every year, especially in countries with a developing poultry industry. the pathogenesis of s. pullorum is not yet well defined, as the specific virulence factors still need to be identified. thus, to isolate specific dna fragments belonging to s. pullorum, this study used suppression subtractive hybridization. as such, the genome of the s. pullorum c79-13 strain was subtracte ... | 2009 | 19809245 |
| seroprevalence of antibodies against salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum-pullorum in wild doves (zenaida asiatica and zenaida macroura) from the northeast of mexico. | a cross-sectional survey was conducted in order to determine the seroprevalence and to identify some factors associated with the presence of antibodies against salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum-pullorum in white-winged (zenaida asiatica) and mourning doves (zenaida macroura) from hunting areas of northeast mexico. from september to october 2006, 201 serum samples were analyzed with the seroagglutination test. the overall seroprevalence of s. enterica subsp. enterica serovar ... | 2010 | 19800701 |
| towards the selection of chickens resistant to salmonella and campylobacter infections. | resistance to infection with enteric pathogens such as salmonella and campylobacter can be at many levels and include both non-immune and immune mechanisms. immune resistance mechanisms can be specific, at the level of the adaptive immune response, or non-specific, at the level of the innate immune response. whilst we can extrapolate to some degree in birds from what is known about immune responses to these pathogens in mammals, chickens are not "feathered mice", but have a different repertoire ... | 2009 | 19718951 |
| prevalence of salmonella in vegetables from mexico. | the present study is an overview of the role of vegetables as a transmission vehicle of salmonella in mexico. one hundred samples of each of 17 different vegetables were analyzed during a period of 18 months. salmonella was isolated from 98 samples. salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium was isolated from the highest percentage of samples with typeable salmonella isolates (23.9%), followed by s. enterica subsp. arizonae and salmonella choleraesuis each from 16.9%, salmonella gallinarum from 11. ... | 2009 | 19610340 |
| assessment of antimicrobial usage and residues in commercial chicken eggs from smallholder poultry keepers in morogoro municipality, tanzania. | occurrence of antimicrobial residues in commercial chicken eggs was determined in morogoro municipality between january and february 2007. twenty smallholder farmers were interviewed on the types of antimicrobials, reasons of use and their awareness on antimicrobial withdrawal period. seventy egg samples were collected for qualitative antimicrobial drug residues analysis by use of agar well diffusion and delvotest sp assays. it was found that farmers use antimicrobial drugs as prophylaxis and tr ... | 2010 | 19486498 |
| comparative proteomic analysis on salmonella gallinarum and salmonella enteritidis exploring proteins that may incorporate host adaptation in poultry. | comparative proteomics analysis of the cytosolic proteins of salmonella gallinarum (sg) and salmonella enteritidis (se) isolated from poultry was performed. the constantly detected spots of serovar sg with concomitant absence in se serovar as well as those markedly over expressed in serovar se were selected for maldi-tof-ms identification. the ncbi-matched proteins that show overregulation were then further confirmed on the mrna level by quantitative real time pcr. identified proteins were repre ... | 2009 | 19477309 |
| host-specificity of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum: insights from comparative genomics. | in this study, we have identified the possible genetic factors responsible for fowl-adaptation of salmonella entericaserovar gallinarum (s. gallinarum). by comparing the genes related to salmonella pathogenicity islands (spi) of s. gallinarum with those of salmonella entericaserovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis) we have identified twenty-four positively selected genes. our results suggest that the genes encoding the structural components of spi-2 encoded type three secretion apparatus (ttss) and ... | 2009 | 19454277 |
| observations on the persistence and vertical transmission of salmonella enterica serovars pullorum and gallinarum in chickens: effect of bacterial and host genetic background. | commercial laying hens inoculated with a strain of salmonella enterica ser. pullorum when they were 4 days old showed no morbidity, but harboured infection until they came into lay, and then produced s. pullorum-contaminated eggs and infected progeny. there was limited evidence of transmission of maternal immunity to the progeny. attempts were made to set up similar infections in hens with salmonella gallinarum, but without success. infection either resulted in clinical disease or elimination of ... | 2001 | 19184904 |
| molecular epidemiology of salmonella gallinarum in chickens in tanzania. | a molecular epidemiological investigation of salmonella gallinarum infection in scavenging local chickens and commercial layers in tanzania was conducted between august 1997 and april 1998. a total of 1152 chickens were randomly selected from 10 villages and seven commercial farms. for serological and cultural prevalence studies, 1152 blood samples and 912 cloacal swabs were collected. in scavenging local chickens, the individual serological and cultural prevalences were 6.3 and 0%, while the pr ... | 2000 | 19184838 |
| protection against experimental fowl typhoid by parenteral administration of live sl5828, an aroa-serc (aromatic dependent) mutant of a wild-type salmonella gallinarum strain made lysogenic for p22 sie. | a wild-type strain of salmonella enterica serotype gallinarum, lysogenized with p22 sie (superinfection-exclusion defective) was greatly attenuated for newly hatched or 21-day-old chickens. an aroa transductant of the lysogenic strain and an aroa-serc tetracycline-sensitive deletion or deletioninversion mutant of the latter were equally attenuated. intramuscular administration of the aroa-serc strain to 21-day-old chickens protected them against oral challenge with 10(6) colony forming units of ... | 2000 | 19184834 |
| capillary and microchip gel electrophoresis for simultaneous detection of salmonella pullorum and salmonella gallinarum by rfbs allele-specific pcr. | we report the use of capillary gel electrophoresis (cge) based on a rfbs allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the analysis and simultaneous detection of salmonella pullorum and salmonella gallinarum, which are the major bacterial pathogens in poultry. rfbs allele-specific pcr was used to concurrently amplify two specific 147- and 187-bp dna fragments for the simultaneous detection of s. pullorum and s. gallinarum at an annealing temperature of 54+/-1 degrees c and an mgcl(2) conce ... | 2007 | 19073049 |
| the immunobiology of avian systemic salmonellosis. | avian systemic salmonellosis is primarily caused by salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum and serovar pullorum causing the diseases fowl typhoid and pullorum disease respectively. during infection interaction with the immune system occurs in three main phases. first is invasion via the gastrointestinal tract. infection with s. pullorum or s. gallinarum does not cause substantial inflammation, unlike s. typhimurium or s. enteritidis. through in vitro models it was found that s. gallinarum does n ... | 2009 | 19070366 |
| distribution trends of salmonella serovars in india (2001-2005). | a total of 3079 samples were received and identified at the national salmonella and escherichia centre (nsec), central research institute, kasauli, india during 2001-2005. out of these, 2098 samples were from humans, 250 from animals, and 726 from meat, vegetables, seafood and the environment. the salmonella strains isolated were distributed among 35 different salmonella serovars. the most common serovars from humans were salmonella typhi (73%) and salmonella paratyphi a (24%) among typhoidal se ... | 2009 | 18950825 |
| characterization of a t7-like lytic bacteriophage (phisg-jl2) of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovar gallinarum. | phisg-jl2 is a newly discovered lytic bacteriophage infecting salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovar gallinarum but is nonlytic to a rough vaccine strain of serovar gallinarum biovar gallinarum (sg-9r), s. enterica serovar enteritidis, s. enterica serovar typhimurium, and s. enterica serovar gallinarum biovar pullorum. the phisg-jl2 genome is 38,815 bp in length (gc content, 50.9%; 230-bp-long direct terminal repeats), and 55 putative genes may be transcribed from the same strand. functio ... | 2008 | 18820072 |
| observations on some changes during acute s. gallinarum infection in chicks. | haematological, serological, morbid anatomical and bacteriological observations were made daily for the 9 consecutive days that followed oral infection of chicks aged 15 days with salmonella gallinarum. the pathological changes among chicks fed with a nutritionally adequate diet containing only fish meal as the protein supplement were similar to, but in some respects more marked than, those in chicks fed with a corresponding meat-meal diet. the gradual development of a microcytic anaemia in all ... | 1976 | 18777333 |
| the effect of dietary supplements of copper, zinc and iron sulphates alone or with a chelator on survival in experimental fowl typhoid in the chick. | nutritionally adequate diet supplemented with an extra 200 mg/kg of copper (cu), zinc (zn) or iron (fe), each as the sulphate, or with 1 g/kg of disodium dihydrogen ethylenediaminetetra-acetate (na.edta), and all combinations of these substances, was given to groups of chicks (gallus domesticus) from the 12-26th days of age. the birds were infected orally when they were 15 days old with 10(6a) living salmonella gallinarum and those which gained at least 10 g in weight between the 8th and 11th da ... | 1977 | 18770351 |
| biliverdin production in chickens infected with the malarial parasite plasmodium gallinaceum. | chickens infected with the malarial parasite plasmodium gallinceum produced green droppings: the predominant pigment was biliverdin. droppings of identical appearance were produced by chicks injected with phenylhydrazine, a haemolytic agent: it is concluded that the catabolism of haemoglobin resulting at least in part from malarial haemolysis produces excess bile pigments which appear in the droppings. other chicken diseases in which green droppings are "a characteristic objective symptom are fo ... | 1985 | 18766933 |
| [a short history of phage therapy]. | from 1920 to 1940, phage therapy was extensively used to treat various infectious diseases. in 1915, félix d'herelle followed cases of bacillary dysentery in the institut pasteur hospital. he observed "clear spots" on bacteria culture. in 1917, d'herelle presented a note to the "académie des sciences de paris" entitled: "on an invisible microbe, an antagonist of the dysentery bacillus". d'herelle named this microbial agent bactériophage. in 1919, there was an epidemic of "fowl typhoid" in france ... | 2008 | 18692974 |
| the use of two live attenuated vaccines to immunize egg-laying hens against salmonella enteritidis phage type 4. | laying hens aged 24 weeks were vaccinated twice, separated by a 2-week interval, with spectinomycin-resistant mutants of either the salmonella gallinarum 9r vaccine or a rough, aroa insertion mutant of a s. enteritidis phage type 4 strain. the 9r strain was given intramuscularly, the rough, aroa mutant both intramuscularly and orally. two weeks after the second vaccination the immunized and a control group of unimmunized birds were challenged with a nalidixic acid-resistant mutant of a fully vir ... | 1991 | 18680065 |
| a comparison of the oral application and injection routes using the onderstepoort biological products fowl typhoid vaccine, its safety, efficacy and duration of protection in commercial laying hens. | this study was undertaken to establish whether the onderstepoort biological products fowl typhoid (obpft) vaccine registered as an injectable vaccine was effective and safe when administered orally to commercial layers. its efficacy and duration of protection were compared with application by intramuscular injection. commercial brown layer hens were used as they were found to be highly susceptible to salmonella gallinarum infections. in the vaccine safety trial birds were euthanased at timed int ... | 2008 | 18678191 |
| salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovar gallinarum in layers: epidemiological investigations of a recent outbreak in denmark. | despite the fact that no firm evidence was obtained, epidemiological investigations of a recent danish outbreak of fowl typhoid indicated that the infection might have been introduced by contaminated crates from a german slaughterhouse. fourteen danish and five german isolates of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovar gallinarum obtained from recent outbreaks in denmark and germany were characterized by phenotypic and genomic methods. phenotypic characters, plasmid profiling, plasmid rest ... | 1994 | 18671116 |
| ribotypes of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovars gallinarum and pullorum. | ninety-four isolates of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovar pullorum and forty-one isolates of biovar gallinarum were ribotyped using the enzymes, hindiii, ecori and smai, and a digoxigenin-labelled e. coli-derived rrna probe. using hindiii, 13 profile types were observed within biovar gallinarum and 12 within biovar pullorum. the most common types accounted for 39% of biovar pullorum isolates and 47% for biovar gallinarum. ecori digests revealed two profile types within biovar pulloru ... | 1993 | 18671057 |
| salmonella control--past, present and future. | the perception of salmonella infection as a problem to the poultry industry has changed as the industry itself has changed. other factors include increasing awareness of health and food quality. acquisition of more information on the microbiology of salmonella and the epidemiology of infection in poultry and man, have not, with a few exceptions, enabled us to eliminate salmonella from poultry and from the food chain. control of the poultry pathogens s. pullorum and s. gallinarum, the major patho ... | 1993 | 18671051 |
| characterization of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovars gallinarum and pullorum by plasmid profiling and biochemical analysis. | one-hundred-and-five strains of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum, biovar pullorum and 43 strains of biovar gallinarum were characterized by biochemical reactions, and 95 strains of biovar pullorum and 32 strains of biovar gallinarum were examined for plasmid content. twenty-one (66%) of the strains classified as biovar gallinarum contained a 85-kb virulence plasmid. six of these strains also contained a 2.5-kb plasmid. ten strains (31%) were without plasmids. ninety-three strains (98%) bel ... | 1992 | 18670961 |
| fowl typhoid: assessment of a disinfectant oral dose to reduce horizontal spread and mortality. | to determine the most appropriate dose in drinking water of the disinfectant n-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (timsen), a fowl typhoid challenge trial was carried out using 21-day-old salmonella-free chickens. in a pretrial, performed with six groups of 10 chickens each, it was shown that the disinfectant was atoxic and safe when administered during 15 days at doses of 0 ppm, 200 ppm, 400 ppm, 800 ppm, 1600 ppm, or 3200 ppm. thereafter, a challenge trial was performed with 390 chickens ... | 2008 | 18646464 |
| correlation between viable counts of salmonella gallinarum in spleen and liver and the development of anaemia in chickens as seen in experimental fowl typhoid. | isogenic strains of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovar gallinarum harbouring rflp variants of the virulence plasmid and the parent strains, were given orally to 1-week-old white leghorn cockerels. differences in viability and pattern of behaviour of the strains in the tissues were observed during the course of infection. viable counts from the spleen and liver, the development of haematological changes in the form of anaemia, and pathological lesions were shown to be correlated. none ... | 1996 | 18645897 |
| examination by elisa of sera obtained from chicken breeder and layer flocks showing evidence of fowl typhoid or pullorum disease. | an indirect elisa using soluble whole cell antigen was used to screen serum samples obtained from breeder and layer flocks some of which had shown clinical or bacteriological evidence of infection with salmonella gallinarum or s. pullorum. there was good correlation between salmonella infection and the presence of serum samples showing high optical density (od) values. sera from seven flocks showing high values were retested using group d (0-1, 9, 12) lipopolysaccharide (lps) and g,m-h flagella ... | 1995 | 18645798 |
| salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum requires ppgpp for internalization and survival in animal cells. | to elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum, we examined the expression of the genes encoded primarily in salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi-1) and spi-2. these genes were found to be induced as cultures entered stationary phase under high- and low-oxygen growth conditions, as also observed for salmonella serovar typhimurium. in contrast, salmonella serovar gallinarum in the exponential growth phase most efficiently internalized cultured animal cells. anal ... | 2008 | 18621899 |
| comparative genome analysis of salmonella enteritidis pt4 and salmonella gallinarum 287/91 provides insights into evolutionary and host adaptation pathways. | we have determined the complete genome sequences of a host-promiscuous salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis pt4 isolate p125109 and a chicken-restricted salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum isolate 287/91. genome comparisons between these and other salmonella isolates indicate that s. gallinarum 287/91 is a recently evolved descendent of s. enteritidis. significantly, the genome of s. gallinarum has undergone extensive degradation through deletion and pseudogene formation. comparison of the ... | 2008 | 18583645 |
| individual and combined effects of ochratoxin a and salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum infection on pathological changes in broiler chickens. | a study was conducted to evaluate the individual and combined effects of ochratoxin a (oa) and salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum (s. gallinarum) on gross and histopathological changes in broiler chickens. one hundred and seventy-six 1-day-old broiler chicks were divided into two groups of 88 chicks each; one group was fed a control mash diet, and the other group was fed a mash diet containing 2 parts/10(6) oa. on day 14, each group was further subdivided into two groups, with one group inoc ... | 2008 | 18568652 |
| molecular diagnosis of salmonella species in captive psittacine birds. | cloacal swabs were collected from 280 captive psittacine birds belonging to 13 species. samples of dna were tested by pcr using a pair of primers that amplify a 284 base pair fragment of the salmonella genus inva gene, and the pcr-positive samples were tested by standard microbiological techniques. thirteen per cent of the samples were positive by pcr, but negative by microbiological techniques. the infection rates were significantly different among the 13 species, the most commonly infected bei ... | 2008 | 18567929 |
| reproduction of fowl typhoid by respiratory challenge with salmonella gallinarum. | fowl typhoid is a disease of adult chickens and is caused by salmonella gallinarum infection via the alimentary tract. the experimental reproduction of fowl typhoid per os (po) requires artificial conditions to minimize the effect of gastric acid, and several salmonella serovars have been known to be transmitted via the respiratory route. therefore, we have hypothesized the existence of a respiratory route for salmonella gallinarum infection and have attempted to reproduce fowl typhoid via intra ... | 2008 | 18459315 |
| physiological factors associated with genetic resistance to fowl typhoid. | 1949 | 18137142 | |
| physiological factors associated with genetic resistance to fowl typhoid. | 1948 | 18100292 | |
| protective efficacy of live salmonella gallinarum 9r vaccine in commercial layer flocks. | salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum (s. gallinarum) is the causative agent of fowl typhoid, a severe systemic disease of chickens that results in high mortality. in this study we re-evaluated the ability of live s. gallinarum 9r vaccine to protect from wild-type s. gallinarum challenge. in laboratory trials, there was a significant difference between the vaccinated and unvaccinated control groups in mortality and the re-isolation rate of the challenge strain from the tissues (p<0.05). in fiel ... | 2007 | 17994329 |
| pathologic changes in extrahepatic organs and agglutinin response to salmonella gallinarum infection in japanese quail fed fusarium verticillioides culture material containing known levels of fumonisin b1. | three hundred 1-day-old japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) were divided into two groups of 150 each. one group was maintained on quail mash alone, whereas fusarium verticillioides culture material (fcm) was added to quail mash in the second group from 5 days of age and supplied 150 mg fb1/kg mash. at day 21, each group was further subdivided into two groups, yielding four groups with 75 birds apiece, which served as the control (group cx), the salmonella gallinarum alone group (group cs ... | 2007 | 17992930 |
| gastrointestinal microbial ecology and the safety of our food supply as related to salmonella. | salmonella causes an estimated 1.3 million human foodborne illnesses and more than 500 deaths each year in the united states, representing an annual estimated cost to the economy of approximately $2.4 billion. salmonella enterica comprises more than 2,500 serotypes. with this genetic and environmental diversity, serotypes are adapted to live in a variety of hosts, which may or may not manifest with clinical illness. thus, salmonella presents a multifaceted threat to food production and safety. s ... | 2008 | 17878279 |
| structural characterization and serological specificities of lipopolysaccharides from salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovar pullorum standard, intermediate and variant antigenic type strains. | the structure and serological specificities of the lipopolysaccharides (lpss) from salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovar pullorum were studied to provide an improved basis for the distinction between antigenic types and the development of improved diagnostic tests. the structure of the lps o-polysaccharide (o-ps) from s. pullorum standard, intermediate and variant antigenic type strains was determined by mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and chemical analysis. th ... | 2008 | 17855026 |
| systemic translocation of salmonella enterica serovar dublin in cattle occurs predominantly via efferent lymphatics in a cell-free niche and requires type iii secretion system 1 (t3ss-1) but not t3ss-2. | salmonella enterica is an important diarrheal pathogen, and infections may involve severe systemic sequelae depending on serovar- and host-specific factors. the molecular mechanisms underlying translocation of host-restricted and -specific serovars of s. enterica from the intestines to distal organs are ill defined. by surgical cannulation of lymph and blood vessels draining the distal ileum in cattle, s. enterica serovar dublin was observed to translocate predominantly via mesenteric lymph node ... | 2007 | 17724072 |
| control of salmonella gallinarum in swiss fancy breed flocks. | 2007 | 17720967 | |
| nitrofuran production efficiency in chickens. | two nitrofuran feed additives, 0.011% nihydrazone and a combination of 0.0055% nitrofurazone and 0.0008% furazolidone, improved weight gains and feed conversions in chickens with "air sac infection." both nitrofurans caused a significant reduction in the total chickens condemned at the dressing plant from this disease, but nihydrazone gave the best results. nihydrazone(*), a new nitrofuran feed additive for chickens, was found by wolfgang et al. (1) to be effective against coccidiosis due to eim ... | 1962 | 17649352 |
| fowl typhoid: ii. agglutinin reactions in an artificially infected flock of chickens. | 1951 | 17648524 | |
| fowl typhoid: report of a recent outbreak in ontario. | 1946 | 17648207 | |
| characterization of a broad range antibacterial substance from a new bacillus species isolated from amazon basin. | a bacillus sp. strain producing a bacteriocin-like substance was characterized by biochemical profiling and 16s rdna sequencing. the phylogenetic analysis indicated that this strain has low sequence similarity with most bacillus spp., suggesting a new species was isolated. the antimicrobial activity was detected starting at the exponential growth phase, and maximum activity was observed at stationary phase. the substance was inhibitory to a broad range of indicator strains, including pathogenic ... | 2007 | 17534601 |
| effects of crp deletion in salmonella enterica serotype gallinarum. | salmonella enterica serotype gallinarum (s. gallinarum) remains an important pathogen of poultry, especially in developing countries. there is a need to develop effective and safe vaccines. in the current study, the effect of crp deletion was investigated with respect to virulence and biochemical properties and the possible use of a deletion mutant as vaccine candidate was preliminarily tested. | 2007 | 17488512 |
| fowl typhoid in a small backyard laying flock. | 2007 | 17351184 | |
| molecular typing by random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd) and detection of virulence genes of salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar gallinarum biovar gallinarum. | salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar gallinarum biovar gallinarum is the causative agent of fowl typhoid in chickens, outbreaks of which have devastated poultry populations in korea since 1992. in order to identify genetic differences among s. gallinarum isolates, bacteria were examined using the random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) method. of 13 arbitrary primers screened initially, the primer designated as universal rice primer-6 (urp-6) was selected for subsequent typing assays ... | 2006 | 17213701 |
| effect of metc mutation on salmonella gallinarum virulence and invasiveness in 1-day-old white leghorn chickens. | salmonella enterica serotype gallinarum (s. gallinarum) is the causative agent of fowl typhoid (ft) in chickens. ft is a severe systemic disease of chickens causing heavy economic losses to the poultry industry through mortality, reduced egg production and culling of precious breeding stocks. in this study, a metc (encoding cystathionine beta lyase) mutant was produced from a virulent strain of s. gallinarum by mini-tn5 insertional inactivation. the mutant was significantly attenuated in virulen ... | 2007 | 17046177 |
| protection conferred by a live salmonella enteritidis vaccine against fowl typhoid in laying hens. | fowl typhoid is under control in poultry farms of developed countries, but it still endemically subsists in commercial laying hen farms of some countries. it has been demonstrated that salmonella live vaccines can elicit cross-immunity against members of the same kauffmann-white scheme serogroup. in this work, we explored the protection conferred by tad salmonella vac e, a live salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis vaccine, against fowl typhoid. three groups of laying hens were vaccinated with ... | 2006 | 16863082 |
| differences in resistance to salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum infection among indigenous local chicken ecotypes in tanzania. | a study was conducted to evaluate the disease resistance potential in 105 chickens of six indigenous local chicken ecotypes in tanzania by orally challenging 1-week-old chicks with 2.5 x 10(8) colony-forming units of virulent s. gallinarum. for 14 days post infection, clinical signs, necropsy findings, antibody titres, packed cell volume, leukocyte population count, and viable bacterial cell counts in the liver and spleen were recorded. clinical signs were recorded daily but other parameters wer ... | 2006 | 16854638 |
| pulsed-field gel electrophoresis genotyping of salmonella gallinarum and comparison with random amplified polymorphic dna. | salmonella gallinarum is gram-negative bacteria that cause fowl typhoid (ft) in chickens. since the first outbreak of ft reported in 1992 in korea, it has widely spread throughout the country. today, ft is one of the most devastating diseases of poultry. the aim of the present study was to ascertain a genetic relationship among s. gallinarum isolates collected from different regions of korea over a 10-year period. we examined a total of 38 isolates of s. gallinarum obtained in 29 regions of kore ... | 2006 | 16584852 |
| [rapid identification of riemerella anatipestifer on the basis of specific pcr amplifying 16s rdna]. | riemerella anatipestifer (ra) infection is the main disease causing severe losses in duck production. because ra is characterized more by the absence than by the presence of specific phenotypic properties and different scholar had the different results of biochemical detection, it can't always be identified quickly and correctly only by the phenotypic properties or biochemical characteristics. the research object was to develop a species specific pcr method for ra detection. because of the conse ... | 2006 | 16579457 |
| cytotoxic and antimicrobial benzophenones from the leaves of tovomita longifolia. | bioassay-guided fractionation of the chloroform and ethanol extracts of tovomita longifolia leaves using cytotoxic and antimicrobial assays resulted in the isolation of four new benzophenones, (e)-3-(2-hydroxy-7-methyl-3-methyleneoct-6-enyl)-2,4,6-trihydroxybenzophenone (1), (e)-3-(6-hydroxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2,7-dienyl)-2,4,6-trihydroxybenzophenone (2), 8-benzoyl-2-(4-methylpenten-3-yl)chromane-3,5,7-triol (3), and 5-benzoyl-1,1,4a-trimethyl-2,3,4,4a,9,9a-hexahydro-1h-xanthene-6,8-diol (4), and ... | 2006 | 16562847 |
| a comparative study of the nutritional requirements of salmonella typhosa, salmonella pullorum and salmonella gallinarum. | 1943 | 16560616 | |
| the reduction of nitrates to nitrites by salmonella pullorum and salmonella gallinarum. | 1930 | 16559426 | |
| employment of a double sugar medium for routine diagnosis of bacillary white diarrhea, fowl typhoid, and fowl cholera. | 1927 | 16559286 | |
| cultural and antigenic studies on salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum. | 1927 | 16559234 | |
| cell-mediated and humoral immune responses to a virulent plasmid-cured mutant strain of salmonella enterica serotype gallinarum in broiler chickens. | one-week-old salmonella-free broiler chicks were subcutaneously immunized and subsequently boosted two weeks later with 2x10(7)cfu 0.5ml(-1) of an 85-kb virulent plasmid-cured spectinomycin-resistant mutant strain (sg9vp(-)spc(r)) of salmonella gallinarum 9 (s. enterica serotype gallinarum 9) along with a control group of mock-immunized chickens. the chicks were subcutaneously challenged at 5 weeks of age with 5x10(10)cfu 0.5ml(-1) (5xld(50)) of wild-type s. gallinarum var. duisburg (s. enterica ... | 2006 | 16510254 |
| individual and combined effects of fusarium moniliforme culture material, containing known levels of fumonisin b1, and salmonella gallinarum infection on liver of japanese quail. | three hundred day-old japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) were divided into two groups with 150 quail in each group. one group was maintained on quail mash alone, while fusarium moniliforme culture material was added to quail mash in the second group from day 5 of age and was supplied at a rate of 150 ppm fumonisin b1 (fb1)/kg mash. at day 21, each group was further subdivided into two groups, yielding four groups with 75 birds apiece, which served as the control (group cx), the salmonel ... | 2005 | 16405006 |
| efficacies of novel n-halamine disinfectants against salmonella and pseudomonas species. | six novel n-halamine compounds of potential importance as disinfectants to the food-processing industry were tested against salmonella enteritidis, salmonella gallinarum, salmonella typhimurium, and pseudomonas fluorescens in aqueous solution. inactivation times for 10-fold reductions were determined as a function of water quality at ph 6.5 and 25 degrees c. phenol coefficients for the efficacies of the compounds against s. enteritidis have been reported also. when both stability and efficacy da ... | 1992 | 16348692 |
| identification of salmonella gallinarum virulence genes in a chicken infection model using pcr-based signature-tagged mutagenesis. | salmonella gallinarum (sg) is a non-motile host-adapted salmonella that causes fowl typhoid, a severe systemic disease responsible for significant economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. this study describes the application of a pcr-based signature-tagged mutagenesis system to identify in vivo-essential genes of sg. ninety-six pools representing 1152 sg mutants were screened in a natural-host chicken infection model. twenty presumptive attenuated mutants were identified and examined f ... | 2005 | 16339940 |
| [the antibiotic sensitivity patterns of salmonella pullorum and salmonella gallinarum in in vitro studies]. | the antibiotic sensitivity patterns of 100 strains of s. pullorum and 24 strains of s. gallinarum against 19 antibiotics and 3 antibiotic mixtures were determined by the broth dilution method. the strains studied were isolated from enzootic outbreaks of pullorum disease and fowl typhoid. it was found that all the strains were sensitive to ampicillin, streptomycin, neomycin, kanamycin, oxytetracycline, chloromycetin, gentamycin, signamycin, polzomycin, and neotarchocin. besides, s. pullorum was s ... | 1975 | 16296026 |
| effect of ochratoxin a on broiler chicks challenged with salmonella gallinarum. | 1. a study was conducted to evaluate the effects of ochratoxin a (oa) on broiler chicks challenged with salmonella gallinarum. 2. one hundred and seventy-six 1-d-old broiler chicks were divided into two groups of 88 chicks each, with one group fed on a control mash diet and the other given a mash diet containing 2 ppm oa. on d 14, each group was further subdivided into two groups with one group infected with s. gallinarum and the other uninfected. 3. following s. gallinarum inoculation on d 14, ... | 2005 | 16268101 |
| oral infection with the salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum 9r attenuated live vaccine as a model to characterise immunity to fowl typhoid in the chicken. | salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum (s. gallinarum) is the causative agent of fowl typhoid, a severe systemic disease of chickens that results in high mortality amongst infected flocks. due to its virulence, the immune response to s. gallinarum is poorly characterised. in this study we have utilised infection by the live attenuated s. gallinarum 9r vaccine strain in inbred chickens to characterise humoral, cellular and cytokine responses to systemic salmonellosis. | 2005 | 16221297 |
| [specified pathogen-free poultry flocks: the current situation]. | before the implementation of strategies to establish specified pathogen-free commercial poultry flocks, the ultimate goals need to be identified: 1) consumer protection by minimizing the risk for zoonotic diseases and food-borne pathogens, and/or 2) animal health protection against primary and secondary pathogens. the success for the establishment of specific pathogen-free poultry flocks depends on the biological characteristics, the epidemiological distribution and the transmission route of eac ... | 2005 | 16218186 |
| safety and efficacy of salmonella gallinarum 9r vaccine in young laying chickens. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum (s. gallinarum) is the agent of fowl typhoid, and the 9r vaccine is a commercially available, live vaccine for the prevention of fowl typhoid. the aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of the 9r vaccine in young chickens. the mean weights of 5-week-old chickens vaccinated with one and 10 doses at 2 weeks old were 450.3+/-33.83 g and 446.8+/-35.68 g, respectively, which were statistically lower (p<0.05) than the mean weight ... | 2005 | 16147574 |