Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| regulation of mir163 and its targets in defense against pseudomonas syringae in arabidopsis thaliana. | small rnas are important regulators for a variety of biological processes, including leaf development, flowering-time, embryogenesis and defense responses. mir163 is a non-conserved mirna and its locus has evolved recently through inverted duplication of its target genes to which they belong to the sabath family of related small-molecule methyltransferases (mts). in arabidopsis thaliana, previous study demonstrated that mir163 accumulation was induced by alamethicin treatment, suggesting its rol ... | 2017 | 28401908 |
| bacterial and plant natriuretic peptides improve plant defense responses against pathogens. | plant natriuretic peptides (pnps) are implicated in the regulation of ions and water homeostasis, and their participation in the plant immune response has been also proposed. xanthomonas citri subsp. citri contains a gene encoding a pnp-like protein (xacpnp) that has no homologues in other bacteria. xacpnp mimics its arabidopsis thaliana homolog atpnp-a by modifying host responses to create favorable conditions for pathogen survival. however, the ability of xacpnp to induce plant defense respons ... | 2017 | 28401640 |
| internalisation of escherichia coli o157:h7 gfp+ in rocket and swiss chard baby leaves as affected by abiotic and biotic damage. | internalisation of human pathogens in edible parts of vegetables eaten raw is a major concern, since once internalised they are protected from sanitising treatments. in this study, we examined invasion of gfp-labelled e. coli o157:h7 into intact and biotically (infection with xanthomonas campestris/pseudomonas syringae) and abiotically (grating with silicon carbide) damaged leaves of wild rocket (diplotaxis tenuifolia) and swiss chard (beta vulgaris subsp. cicla) using laser scanning confocal mi ... | 2017 | 28397273 |
| identification of circular rnas in kiwifruit and their species-specific response to bacterial canker pathogen invasion. | research studies have recently focused on circle rnas (circrnas) in relation to their regulatory functions in animals. however, the systematic identification of circrnas in plants, especially non-model plants, is limited. in addition, raw report on the prediction of the potential role of circrnas in plant response to pathogen invasion is currently available. we conducted the systematic identification of circrnas from four materials originating from three species belonging to genus actinidia unde ... | 2017 | 28396678 |
| four genes essential for recombination define gints, a new type of mobile genomic island widespread in bacteria. | integrases are a family of tyrosine recombinases that are highly abundant in bacterial genomes, actively disseminating adaptive characters such as pathogenicity determinants and antibiotics resistance. using comparative genomics and functional assays, we identified a novel type of mobile genetic element, the gint, in many diverse bacterial groups but not in archaea. integrated as genomic islands, gints show a tripartite structure consisting of the ginabcd operon, a cargo dna region from 2.5 to a ... | 2017 | 28393892 |
| virulence of pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000 is influenced by the catabolite repression control protein crc. | pseudomonas syringae infects diverse plant species and is widely used as a model system in the study of effector function and the molecular basis of plant diseases. although the relationship between bacterial metabolism, nutrient acquisition, and virulence has attracted increasing attention in bacterial pathology, it is largely unexplored in p. syringae. the crc (catabolite repression control) protein is a putative rna-binding protein that regulates carbon metabolism as well as a number of other ... | 2017 | 28384054 |
| origin and evolution of the kiwifruit canker pandemic. | recurring epidemics of kiwifruit (actinidia spp.) bleeding canker disease are caused by pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (psa). in order to strengthen understanding of population structure, phylogeography and evolutionary dynamics, we isolated pseudomonas from cultivated and wild kiwifruit across six provinces in china. based on the analysis of eighty sequenced psa genomes we show that china is the origin of the pandemic lineage but that strain diversity in china is confined to just a single ... | 2017 | 28369338 |
| the bacterial effector avrb-induced rin4 hyperphosphorylation is mediated by receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase complex in arabidopsis. | bacterial pathogen pseudomonas syringae delivers diverse type iii effectors into host cells to interfere with their immune responses. one of the effectors avrb targets a host guardee protein rin4 and induces rin4 phosphorylation in arabidopsis. phosphorylated rin4 activates the immune receptor rpm1 to mount defense. avrb-induced rin4 phosphorylation depends on ripk, a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase (rlck). in this study, we found several other rlcks that were also able to phosphorylate rin4. w ... | 2017 | 28353399 |
| population-genomic insights into emergence, crop adaptation and dissemination of pseudomonas syringae pathogens. | many bacterial pathogens are well characterized but, in some cases, little is known about the populations from which they emerged. this limits understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying disease. the crop pathogen pseudomonas syringae sensu lato has been widely isolated from the environment, including wild plants and components of the water cycle, and causes disease in several economically important crops. here, we compared genome sequences of 45 p. syringae crop pathogen outbreak strai ... | 2016 | 28348830 |
| rin4 recruits the exocyst subunit exo70b1 to the plasma membrane. | the exocyst is a conserved vesicle-tethering complex with principal roles in cell polarity and morphogenesis. several studies point to its involvement in polarized secretion during microbial pathogen defense. in this context, we have found an interaction between the arabidopsis exo70b1 exocyst subunit, a protein which was previously associated with both the defense response and autophagy, and rpm1 interacting protein 4 (rin4), the best studied member of the noi protein family and a known regulat ... | 2017 | 28338727 |
| bivariate genomic analysis identifies a hidden locus associated with bacteria hypersensitive response in arabidopsis thaliana. | multi-phenotype analysis has drawn increasing attention to high-throughput genomic studies, whereas only a few applications have justified the use of multivariate techniques. we applied a recently developed multi-trait analysis method on a small set of bacteria hypersensitive response phenotypes and identified a single novel locus missed by conventional single-trait genome-wide association studies. the detected locus harbors a minor allele that elevates the risk of leaf collapse response to the ... | 2017 | 28338080 |
| diversity and abundance of ice nucleating strains of pseudomonas syringae in a freshwater lake in virginia, usa. | the bacterium pseudomonas syringae is found in a variety of terrestrial and aquatic environments. some strains of p. syringae express an ice nucleation protein (hereafter referred to as ice+) allowing them to catalyze the heterogeneous freezing of water. though p. syringae has been sampled intensively from freshwater sources in france, little is known about the genetic diversity of p. syringae in natural aquatic habitats in north america. we collected samples of freshwater from three different d ... | 2017 | 28337177 |
| biochemical principles and functional aspects of pipecolic acid biosynthesis in plant immunity. | the non-protein amino acid pipecolic acid (pip) regulates plant systemic acquired resistance (sar) and basal immunity to bacterial pathogen infection. in arabidopsis thaliana, the lys aminotransferase agd2-like defense response protein1 (ald1) mediates the pathogen-induced accumulation of pip in inoculated and distal leaf tissue. here we show that ald1 transfers the alpha-amino group of l-lys to acceptor oxoacids. combined mass spectrometric and infrared spectroscopic analyses of in vitro assays ... | 2017 | 28330936 |
| use of rna-seq data to identify and validate rt-qpcr reference genes for studying the tomato-pseudomonas pathosystem. | the agronomical relevant tomato-pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato pathosystem is widely used to explore and understand the underlying mechanisms of the plant immune response. transcript abundance estimation, mainly through reverse transcription-quantitative pcr (rt-qpcr), is a common approach employed to investigate the possible role of a candidate gene in certain biological process under study. the accuracy of this technique relies heavily on the selection of adequate reference genes. initially, ... | 2017 | 28317896 |
| controlled ice nucleation using freeze-dried pseudomonas syringae encapsulated in alginate beads. | the control of ice nucleation is of fundamental significance in many process technologies related to food and pharmaceutical science and cryobiology. mechanical perturbation, electromagnetic fields and ice-nucleating agents (inas) have been known to induce ice nucleation in a controlled manner. but these ice-nucleating methods may suffer from cumbersome manual operations, safety concerns of external fields, and biocompatibility and recovery issues of ina particles, especially when used in living ... | 2017 | 28315320 |
| specificity of induced resistance in the tomato, lycopersicon esculentum. | specificity in the induced responses of tomato foliage to arthropod herbivores was investigated. we distinguished between two aspects of specificity: specificity of effect (the range of organisms affected by a given induced response), and specificity of elicitation (ability of the plant to generate distinct chemical responses to different damage types). specificity of effect was investigated by examining the effect of restricted feeding by helicoverpa zea on the resistance of tomato plants to an ... | 1997 | 28307296 |
| diverse mechanisms of resistance to pseudomonas syringae in a thousand natural accessions of arabidopsis thaliana. | plants are continuously threatened by pathogen attack and, as such, they have evolved mechanisms to evade, escape and defend themselves against pathogens. however, it is not known what types of defense mechanisms a plant would already possess to defend against a potential pathogen that has not co-evolved with the plant. we addressed this important question in a comprehensive manner by studying the responses of 1041 accessions of arabidopsis thaliana to the foliar pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv ... | 2017 | 28295393 |
| induced systemic resistance against botrytis cinerea by bacillus cereus ar156 through a ja/et- and npr1-dependent signaling pathway and activates pamp-triggered immunity in arabidopsis. | induced resistance response is a potent and cost effective plant defense against pathogen attack. the effectiveness and underlying mechanisms of the suppressive ability by bacillus cereus ar156 to pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000 (pst dc3000) in arabidopsis has been investigated previously; however, the strength of induced systemic resistance (isr) activity against botrytis cinerea remains unknown. here, we show that root-drench application of ar156 significantly reduces disease incidence ... | 2017 | 28293243 |
| ghanamycins a and b, two novel γ-butyrolactones from marine-derived streptomyces ghanaensis txc6-16. | two novel γ-butyrolactones ghanamycins a (1) and b (2) were isolated from the fermentation broth of marine-derived streptomyces ghanaensis txc6-16. their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. these two novel compounds exhibited antimicrobial activities against some phytopathogens. the minimum ic (mic) of 2 against pseudomonas syringae and erwinia sp. were 50 μg ml(-1).the journal of antibiotics advance online publication, 15 march 2017; doi:10.1038/ja.2017.37. | 2017 | 28293035 |
| expanded type iii effector recognition by the zar1 nlr protein using zed1-related kinases. | nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat domain-containing (nlr) proteins are sentinels of plant immunity that monitor host proteins for perturbations induced by pathogenic effector proteins. here we show that the arabidopsis zar1 nlr protein requires the zrk3 kinase to recognize the pseudomonas syringae type iii effector (t3e) hopf2a. these results support the hypothesis that zar1 associates with an expanded zrk protein family to broaden its effector recognition spectrum. | 2017 | 28288096 |
| map kinase signaling pathways: a hub of plant-microbe interactions. | in 2007, we reported that a phytopathogen effector directly inhibits a map kinase cascade. in the decade since, many more effectors have been found to inhibit map kinase cascades, providing not only a mechanistic understanding of pathogenesis and immunity in plants, but also the identification of previously unknown enzymes. | 2017 | 28279328 |
| thienopyrimidine-type compounds protect arabidopsis plants against the hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen colletotrichum higginsianum and bacterial pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola. | plant activators activate systemic acquired resistance-like defense responses or induced systemic resistance, and thus protect plants from pathogens. we screened a chemical library composed of structurally diverse small molecules. we isolated six plant immune-inducing thienopyrimidine-type compounds and their analogous compounds. it was observed that the core structure of thienopyrimidine plays a role in induced resistance in plants. furthermore, we highlight the protective effect of thienopyrim ... | 2017 | 28277972 |
| analyses of natural variation indicates that the absence of rps4/rrs1 and amino acid change in rps4 cause loss of their functions and resistance to pathogens. | a pair of arabidopsis thaliana resistance proteins, rps4 and rrs1, recognizes the cognate avr effector from the bacterial pathogens pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato expressing avrrps4 (pst-avrrps4), ralstonia solanacearum, and the fungal pathogen colletotrichum higginsianum and leads to defense signaling activation against the pathogens. in the present study, we analyzed 14 a. thaliana accessions for natural variation in pst-avrrps4 and c. higginsianum susceptibility, and found new compatible and ... | 2017 | 28277970 |
| reconstruction of an immune dynamic model to simulate the contrasting role of auxin and cytokinin in plant immunity. | in order to increase our understanding of biological dependencies in plant immune signaling pathways, the known interactions involved in plant immune networks are modeled. this allows computational analysis to predict the functions of growth related hormones in plant-pathogen interaction. the squad (standardized qualitative dynamical systems) algorithm first determines stable system states in the network and then use them to compute continuous dynamical system states. our reconstructed boolean m ... | 2017 | 28265989 |
| microbial manipulation of auxins and cytokinins in plants. | microbial associations with plants are crucial for the survival of both the partners. beside other ways of establishing such associations, phytohormones enjoy a key role in plant-microbe interactions from initial dialog between the two to the establishment of a viable partnership. cytokinins (cks) and iaa are among the five classical groups of phytohormones implicated in plant immune response, early signaling, and deciding the fate of interactions between plant and microbes. here we describe a m ... | 2017 | 28265987 |
| chemical composition, antioxidant and biological activities of the essential oil and extract of the seeds of glycine max (soybean) from north iran. | glycine max (l.) merrill (soybean) is a major leguminous crop, cultivated globally as well as in iran. this study examines the chemical composition of soybean essential oil, and evaluates the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of seeds on various plant pathogens that commonly cause irreparable damages to agricultural crops. the essential oil of soybean seeds was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. antimicrobial activity was tested against 14 microorganisms, includi ... | 2017 | 28255785 |
| cytokinin-mediated regulation of reactive oxygen species homeostasis modulates stomatal immunity in arabidopsis. | stomata play an important role in preinvasive defense responses by limiting pathogen entry into leaves. although the stress hormones salicylic acid (sa) and abscisic acid (aba) are known to regulate stomatal immunity, the role of growth promoting hormones is far from understood. here, we show that in arabidopsis thaliana, cytokinins (cks) function in stomatal defense responses. the cytokinin receptor histidine kinase3 (ahk3) and response regulator2 (arr2) promote stomatal closure triggered by pa ... | 2017 | 28254779 |
| transposon insertion libraries for the characterization of mutants from the kiwifruit pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae. | pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (psa), the causal agent of kiwifruit canker, is one of the most devastating plant diseases of recent times. we have generated two mini-tn5-based random insertion libraries of psa icmp 18884. the first, a 'phenotype of interest' (poi) library, consists of 10,368 independent mutants gridded into 96-well plates. by replica plating onto selective media, the poi library was successfully screened for auxotrophic and motility mutants. lipopolysaccharide (lps) biosynt ... | 2017 | 28249011 |
| plasmid replicons from pseudomonas are natural chimeras of functional, exchangeable modules. | plasmids are a main factor for the evolution of bacteria through horizontal gene exchange, including the dissemination of pathogenicity genes, resistance to antibiotics and degradation of pollutants. their capacity to duplicate is dependent on their replication determinants (replicon), which also define their bacterial host range and the inability to coexist with related replicons. we characterize a second replicon from the virulence plasmid ppsv48c, from pseudomonas syringae pv. savastanoi, whi ... | 2017 | 28243228 |
| ethylene production with engineered synechocystis sp pcc 6803 strains. | metabolic engineering and synthetic biology of cyanobacteria offer a promising sustainable alternative approach for fossil-based ethylene production, by using sunlight via oxygenic photosynthesis, to convert carbon dioxide directly into ethylene. towards this, both well-studied cyanobacteria, i.e., synechocystis sp pcc 6803 and synechococcus elongatus pcc 7942, have been engineered to produce ethylene by introducing the ethylene-forming enzyme (efe) from pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola pk2 ... | 2017 | 28231787 |
| genome-wide analysis of chromatin accessibility in arabidopsis infected with pseudomonas syringae. | changes in chromatin accessibility are an important aspect of the molecular changes that occur in eukaryotic cells responding to stress, and they appear to play a critical role in stress-induced transcriptional activation/reprogramming and epigenetic changes. in plants, pathogen infection has been shown to induce rapid and drastic transcriptional reprogramming; growing evidence suggests that chromatin remodeling plays an essential role in this phenomenon. the recent development of genomic tools ... | 2017 | 28220432 |
| characterizing the immune-eliciting activity of putative microbe-associated molecular patterns in tomato. | detection of conserved microbe-associated molecular patterns (mamps), such as bacterial flagellin, is the first line of active defense in plants against pathogenic invaders. successful pathogens must subvert this immune response to grow to high population density and cause disease. flagellin from the bacterial pathogen pseudomonas was the first identified bacterial mamp and many species across the plant kingdom have sensitive perception systems for detecting the 22-amino acid epitope known as fl ... | 2017 | 28220431 |
| quantitative evaluation of plant actin cytoskeletal organization during immune signaling. | high spatial and temporal resolution microscopy-based methods are valuable tools for the precise real-time imaging of changes in cellular organization in response to stimulus perception. here, we describe a quantitative method for the evaluation of the plant actin cytoskeleton during immune stimulus perception and the activation of defense signaling. as a measure of the biotic stress-induced changes in actin filament organization, we present methods for analyzing changes in actin filament organi ... | 2017 | 28220427 |
| measuring callose deposition, an indicator of cell wall reinforcement, during bacterial infection in arabidopsis. | the plant cell wall responds dynamically during interaction with various pathogens. upon recognition of "nonself" components, plant cells deploy a variety of immune responses including cell wall fortification. callose, a β-(1, 3)-d-glucan polymer, is a component of the material deposited at the site of infection between the plasma membrane and the preexisting cell wall that is hypothesized to serve as a physical barrier and platform for directed antimicrobial compound deposition. the defense-ass ... | 2017 | 28220426 |
| adaptation of the pathogen, pseudomonas syringae, during experimental evolution on a native vs. alternative host plant. | the specialization and distribution of pathogens among species has substantial impact on disease spread, especially when reservoir hosts can maintain high pathogen densities or select for increased pathogen virulence. theory predicts that optimal within-host growth rate will vary among host genotypes/species and therefore that pathogens infecting multiple hosts should experience different selection pressures depending on the host environment in which they are found. this should be true for patho ... | 2017 | 28207977 |
| lsu network hubs integrate abiotic and biotic stress responses via interaction with the superoxide dismutase fsd2. | in natural environments, plants often experience different stresses simultaneously, and adverse abiotic conditions can weaken the plant immune system. interactome mapping revealed that the low sulphur upregulated (lsu) proteins are hubs in an arabidopsis protein interaction network that are targeted by virulence effectors from evolutionarily diverse pathogens. here we show that lsu proteins are up-regulated in several abiotic and biotic stress conditions, such as nutrient depletion or salt stres ... | 2017 | 28207043 |
| ectopic expression of the wild grape wrky transcription factor vqwrky52 in arabidopsis thaliana enhances resistance to the biotrophic pathogen powdery mildew but not to the necrotrophic pathogen botrytis cinerea. | wrky transcription factors are known to play important roles in plant responses to biotic stresses. we previously showed that the expression of the wrky gene, vqwrky52, from chinese wild vitis quinquangularis was strongly induced 24 h post inoculation with powdery mildew. in this study, we analyzed the expression levels of vqwrky52 following treatment with the defense related hormones salicylic acid (sa) and methyl jasmonate, revealing that vqwrky52 was strongly induced by sa but not ja. we char ... | 2017 | 28197166 |
| characterization of pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, causal agent of citrus blast of mandarin in montenegro. | citrus blast caused by bacterium pseudomonas syringae is a very important disease of citrus occuring in many areas of the world, but with few data about genetic structure of the pathogen involved. considering the above fact, this study reports genetic characterization of 43 p. syringae isolates obtained from plant tissue displaying citrus blast symptoms on mandarin (citrus reticulata) in montenegro, using multilocus sequence analysis of gyrb, rpod, and gap1 gene sequences. gene sequences from a ... | 2017 | 28167885 |
| tomato photorespiratory glycolate oxidase-derived h2 o2 production contributes to basal defense against pseudomonas syringae. | despite being essential for c3 plants, photorespiration is believed to cause a significant crop yield loss even under future climates. however, how photorespiration affects plant basal defense still remains largely unknown. here, we studied the involvement of photorespiration in tomato-pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000 interaction focusing on three photorespiratory genes. inoculation with p. syringae increased photorespiration rate (pr) and expression of glycolate oxidase (gox2), serine gly ... | 2017 | 28164315 |
| microbial interactions in the phyllosphere increase plant performance under herbivore biotic stress. | the phyllosphere supports a tremendous diversity of microbes and other organisms. however, little is known about the colonization and survival of pathogenic and beneficial bacteria alone or together in the phyllosphere across the whole plant life-cycle under herbivory, which hinders our ability to understand the role of phyllosphere bacteria on plant performance. we addressed these questions in experiments using four genetically and biogeographically diverse accessions of arabidopsis thaliana, t ... | 2017 | 28163703 |
| transgenic arabidopsis thaliana containing increased levels of atp and sucrose is more susceptible to pseudomonas syringae. | disease resistance exerts a fitness cost on plants, presumably due to the extra consumption of energy and carbon. in this study, we examined whether transgenic arabidopsis thaliana with increased levels of atp and sucrose is more resistant or susceptible to pathogen infection. lines of a. thaliana over-expressing purple acid phosphatase 2 (atpap2) (oe lines) contain increased levels of atp and sucrose, with improved growth rate and seed production. compared to wild type (wt) and pap2 lines, the ... | 2017 | 28152090 |
| the arabidopsis elongator complex is required for nonhost resistance against the bacterial pathogens xanthomonas citri subsp. citri and pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola nps3121. | although in recent years nonhost resistance has attracted considerable attention for its broad spectrum and durability, the genetic and mechanistic components of nonhost resistance have not been fully understood. we used molecular and histochemical approaches including quantitative pcr, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and 3,3'-diaminobenzidine and aniline blue staining. the evolutionarily conserved histone acetyltransferase complex elongator was identified as a major component of nonhost resistan ... | 2017 | 28134437 |
| n-acylhomoserine lactone-regulation of genes mediating motility and pathogenicity in pseudomonas syringae pathovar tabaci 11528. | pseudomonas syringae pathovar tabaci 11528 (p. syringae 11528) is a phytopathogen that causes wild-fire disease in soybean and tobacco plants. it utilizes a cell density-dependent regulation system known as quorum sensing (qs). in its qs system, the psyi is responsible for the biosynthesis of n-acylhomoserine lactones (ahls). by comparing the transcripts from p. syringae 11528 wild-type strain with those of the δpsyi mutant using rna sequencing (rna-seq) technology, 1118 ahl-regulated genes were ... | 2017 | 28133926 |
| pseudomonas syringae type iii effector hopbb1 promotes host transcriptional repressor degradation to regulate phytohormone responses and virulence. | independently evolved pathogen effectors from three branches of life (ascomycete, eubacteria, and oomycete) converge onto the arabidopsis tcp14 transcription factor to manipulate host defense. however, the mechanistic basis for defense control via tcp14 regulation is unknown. we demonstrate that tcp14 regulates the plant immune system by transcriptionally repressing a subset of the jasmonic acid (ja) hormone signaling outputs. a previously unstudied pseudomonas syringae (psy) type iii effector, ... | 2017 | 28132837 |
| biofilm formation and cellulose expression by bordetella avium 197n, the causative agent of bordetellosis in birds and an opportunistic respiratory pathogen in humans. | although bacterial cellulose synthase (bcs) operons are widespread within the proteobacteria phylum, subunits required for the partial-acetylation of the polymer appear to be restricted to a few γ-group soil, plant-associated and phytopathogenic pseudomonads, including pseudomonas fluorescens sbw25 and several pseudomonas syringae pathovars. however, a bcs operon with acetylation subunits has also been annotated in the unrelated β-group respiratory pathogen, bordetella avium 197n. our comparison ... | 2017 | 28131895 |
| constitutive heterologous overexpression of a tir-nb-arc-lrr gene encoding a putative disease resistance protein from wild chinese vitis pseudoreticulata in arabidopsis and tobacco enhances resistance to phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria. | plants use resistance (r) proteins to detect pathogen effector proteins and activate their innate immune response against the pathogen. the majority of these proteins contain an nb-arc (nucleotide-binding adaptor shared by apaf-1, r proteins, and ced-4) domain along with a leucine-rich repeat (lrr), and some also bear a toll interleukin 1 receptor (tir) domain. in this study, we characterized a gene encoding a tir-nb-arc-lrr r protein (vptnl1) (genbank accession number kx649890) from wild chines ... | 2017 | 28131063 |
| functional display of ice nucleation protein inaz on the surface of bacterial ghosts. | in a concept study the ability to induce heterogeneous ice formation by bacterial ghosts (bgs) from escherichia coli carrying ice nucleation protein inaz from pseudomonas syringae in their outer membrane was investigated by a droplet-freezing assay of ultra-pure water. as determined by the median freezing temperature and cumulative ice nucleation spectra it could be demonstrated that both the living recombinant e. coli and their corresponding bgs functionally display inaz on their surface. under ... | 2017 | 28121482 |
| confocal microscopy reveals in planta dynamic interactions between pathogenic, avirulent and non-pathogenic pseudomonas syringae strains. | recent advances in genomics and single-cell analysis have demonstrated the extraordinary complexity that microbial populations may reach within their hosts. communities range from complex multispecies groups, to homogeneous populations differentiating into lineages through genetic or non-genetic mechanisms. diversity within bacterial populations is recognised as a key driver of the evolution of animal pathogens. in plants, however, little is known about how interactions between different pathoge ... | 2017 | 28120374 |
| negative autogenous control of the master type iii secretion system regulator hrpl in pseudomonas syringae. | the type iii secretion system (t3ss) is a principal virulence determinant of the model bacterial plant pathogen pseudomonas syringae t3ss effector proteins inhibit plant defense signaling pathways in susceptible hosts and elicit evolved immunity in resistant plants. the extracytoplasmic function sigma factor hrpl coordinates the expression of most t3ss genes. transcription of hrpl is dependent on sigma-54 and the codependent enhancer binding proteins hrpr and hrps for hrpl promoter activation. h ... | 2017 | 28119474 |
| paraburkholderia phytofirmans psjn protects arabidopsis thaliana against a virulent strain of pseudomonas syringae through the activation of induced resistance. | paraburkholderia phytofirmans psjn is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (pgpr) that stimulates plant growth and improves tolerance to abiotic stresses. this study analyzed whether strain psjn can reduce plant disease severity and proliferation of the virulent strain pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000, in arabidopsis plants, through the activation of induced resistance. arabidopsis plants previously exposed to strain psjn showed a reduction in disease severity and pathogen proliferation ... | 2017 | 28118091 |
| use of the soft-agar overlay technique to screen for bacterially produced inhibitory compounds. | the soft-agar overlay technique was originally developed over 70 years ago and has been widely used in several areas of microbiological research, including work with bacteriophages and bacteriocins, proteinaceous antibacterial agents. this approach is relatively inexpensive, with minimal resource requirements. this technique consists of spotting supernatant from a donor strain (potentially harboring a toxic compound(s)) onto a solidified soft agar overlay that is seeded with a bacterial test str ... | 2017 | 28117830 |
| subunit-selective proteasome activity profiling uncovers uncoupled proteasome subunit activities during bacterial infections. | the proteasome is a nuclear-cytoplasmic proteolytic complex involved in nearly all regulatory pathways in plant cells. the three different catalytic activities of the proteasome can have different functions, but tools to monitor and control these subunits selectively are not yet available in plant science. here, we introduce subunit-selective inhibitors and dual-color fluorescent activity-based probes for studying two of the three active catalytic subunits of the plant proteasome. we validate th ... | 2017 | 28117509 |
| identification of loci of pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae involved in lipolytic activity and their role in colonization of kiwifruit leaves. | bacterial canker disease caused by pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, an emerging pathogen of kiwifruit plants, has recently brought about major economic losses worldwide. genetic studies on virulence functions of p. syringae pv. actinidiae have not yet been reported and there is little experimental data regarding bacterial genes involved in pathogenesis. in this study, we performed a genetic screen in order to identify transposon mutants altered in the lipolytic activity because it is known t ... | 2017 | 28112597 |
| comprehensive analysis of draft genomes of two closely related pseudomonas syringae phylogroup 2b strains infecting mono- and dicotyledon host plants. | in recent years, the damage caused by bacterial pathogens to major crops has been increasing worldwide. pseudomonas syringae is a widespread bacterial species that infects almost all major crops. different p. syringae strains use a wide range of biochemical mechanisms, including phytotoxins and effectors of the type iii and type iv secretion systems, which determine the specific nature of the pathogen virulence. | 2016 | 28105943 |
| a highly active endo-levanase bt1760 of a dominant mammalian gut commensal bacteroides thetaiotaomicron cleaves not only various bacterial levans, but also levan of timothy grass. | bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, an abundant commensal of the human gut, degrades numerous complex carbohydrates. recently, it was reported to grow on a β-2,6-linked polyfructan levan produced by zymomonas mobilis degrading the polymer into fructooligosaccharides (fos) with a cell surface bound endo-levanase bt1760. the fos are consumed by b. thetaiotaomicron, but also by other gut bacteria, including health-promoting bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. here we characterize biochemical properties of b ... | 2017 | 28103254 |
| tomato slggp-like gene participates in plant responses to chilling stress and pathogenic infection. | plants are always exposed to abiotic and biotic stresses which can adversely affect their growth and development. as an important antioxidant, asa plays a vital role in plant defence against damage caused by stresses. in this study, we cloned a tomato gdp-l-galactose phosphorylase-like (slggp-like) gene and investigated its role in resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses by using antisense transgenic (as) tomato lines. the asa content in as plants was lower than that in wt plants. under chilli ... | 2017 | 28092850 |
| tomato slerf.a1, slerf.b4, slerf.c3 and slerf.a3, members of b3 group of erf family, are required for resistance to botrytis cinerea. | the ethylene-responsive factors (erfs) comprise a large family of transcriptional factors that play critical roles in plant immunity. gray mold disease caused by botrytis cinerea, a typical necrotrophic fungal pathogen, is the serious disease that threatens tomato production worldwide. however, littler is known about the molecular mechanism regulating the immunity to b. cinerea in tomato. in the present study, virus-induced gene silencing (vigs)-based functional analyses of 18 members of b3 grou ... | 2016 | 28083004 |
| the trojan horse coronatine: the coi1-jaz2-myc2,3,4-anac019,055,072 module in stomata dynamics upon bacterial infection. | 2017 | 28079932 | |
| the conserved hypothetical protein pspto_3957 is essential for virulence in the plant pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000. | the plant pathogen pseudomonas syringae accounts for substantial crop losses and is considered an important agricultural issue. to better manage disease in the field, it is important to have an understanding of the underlying genetic mechanisms that mediate virulence. there are a substantial number of genes in sequenced bacterial genomes, including p. syringae, that encode for conserved hypothetical proteins; some of these have been functionally characterized in other pseudomonads and have been ... | 2017 | 28073812 |
| nup82 functions redundantly with nup136 in a salicylic acid-dependent defense response of arabidopsis thaliana. | the nuclear pore complex (npc) comprises more than 30 nucleoporins (nups). npc mediates macromolecular trafficking between the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm, but specific roles of individual nups are poorly understood in higher plants. here, we show that the novel nucleoporin unique to angiosperm plants (designated as nup82) functions in a salicylic acid-dependent defense in a redundant manner with nup136, which is a component of the nuclear basket in the npc. arabidopsis thaliana nup82 had a si ... | 2017 | 28071978 |
| evolution of copper resistance in the kiwifruit pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae through acquisition of integrative conjugative elements and plasmids. | horizontal gene transfer can precipitate rapid evolutionary change. in 2010 the global pandemic of kiwifruit canker disease caused by pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (psa) reached new zealand. at the time of introduction, the single clone responsible for the outbreak was sensitive to copper, however, analysis of a sample of isolates taken in 2015 and 2016 showed that a quarter were copper resistant. genome sequences of seven strains showed that copper resistance - comprising czc/cusabc and c ... | 2017 | 28063194 |
| protein phosphatase ap2c1 negatively regulates basal resistance and defense responses to pseudomonas syringae. | mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks) mediate plant immune responses to pathogenic bacteria. however, less is known about the cell autonomous negative regulatory mechanism controlling basal plant immunity. we report the biological role of arabidopsis thaliana mapk phosphatase ap2c1 as a negative regulator of plant basal resistance and defense responses to pseudomonas syringae ap2c2, a closely related mapk phosphatase, also negatively controls plant resistance. loss of ap2c1 leads to enhanced ... | 2017 | 28062592 |
| evidence for a missing source of efficient ice nuclei. | it has been known for several decades that some bioaerosols, such as ice-nucleation-active (ina) bacteria, especially pseudomonas syringae strains, may play a critical potential role in the formation of clouds and precipitation. we investigated bacterial and fungal ice nuclei (in) in rainwater samples collected from the hulunber temperate grasslands in north china. the median freezing temperatures (t50) for three years' worth of unprocessed rain samples were greater than -10 °c based on immersio ... | 2017 | 28045124 |
| arabidopsis stress associated protein 9 mediates biotic and abiotic stress responsive aba signaling via the proteasome pathway. | arabidopsis thaliana stress associated protein 9 (atsap9) is a member of the a20/an1 zinc finger protein family known to play important roles in plant stress responses and in the mammalian immune response. although saps of several plant species were shown to be involved in abiotic stress responses, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown, and little is known about the involvement of saps in plant disease responses. expression of sap9 in arabidopsis is up-regulated in response to ... | 2017 | 28039858 |
| whop, a genomic region associated with woody hosts in the pseudomonas syringae complex contributes to the virulence and fitness of pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi in olive plants. | bacteria from the pseudomonas syringae complex belonging to phylogroups 1 and 3 (pg1 and pg3, respectively) isolated from woody hosts share a genomic region herein referred to as whop (from woody host and pseudomonas spp.), which is absent in strains infecting herbaceous organs. in this work, we show that this region is also encoded in p. syringae pv. actinidifoliorum (pg1) and six additional members of pg3, namely, pseudomonas savastanoi pv. retacarpa, three p. syringae pathovars, pseudomonas m ... | 2017 | 28027024 |
| profiling the extended phenotype of plant pathogens: challenges in bacterial molecular plant pathology. | one of the most fundamental questions in plant pathology is what determines whether a pathogen grows within a plant? this question is frequently studied in terms of the role of elicitors and pathogenicity factors in the triggering or overcoming of host defences. however, this focus fails to address the basic question of how the environment in host tissues acts to support or restrict pathogen growth. efforts to understand this aspect of host-pathogen interactions are commonly confounded by severa ... | 2017 | 28026146 |
| design, synthesis and biological evaluation of cyclic peptidotriazoles derived from bpc194 as novel agents for plant protection. | the search for novel antimicrobial agents to be used for plant protection has prompted us to design analogues incorporating non-natural amino acids. herein, we designed and synthesized cyclic peptidotriazoles derived from the lead antimicrobial cyclic peptide c(lys-lys-leu(3) -lys-lys(5) -phe-lys-lys-leu-gln) (bpc194). in particular, leu(3) and lys(5) were replaced by a triazolyl alanine, a triazolyl norleucine or a triazolyl lysine. these peptides were screened for their antibacterial activity ... | 2016 | 28026016 |
| coronatine inhibits stomatal closure through guard cell-specific inhibition of nadph oxidase-dependent ros production. | microbes trigger stomatal closure through microbe-associated molecular patterns (mamps). the bacterial pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (pst) synthesizes the polyketide toxin coronatine, which inhibits stomatal closure by mamps and by the hormone abscisic acid (aba). the mechanism by which coronatine, a jasmonic acid-isoleucine analog, achieves this effect is not completely clear. reactive oxygen species (ros) are essential second messengers in stomatal immunity, therefore we investigate ... | 2016 | 28018388 |
| jaz2 controls stomata dynamics during bacterial invasion. | coronatine (cor) facilitates entry of bacteria into the plant apoplast by stimulating stomata opening. cor-induced signaling events at stomata remain unclear. we found that the cor and jasmonate isoleucine (ja-ile) co-receptor jaz2 is constitutively expressed in guard cells and modulates stomatal dynamics during bacterial invasion we analyzed tissue expression patterns of atjaz genes and measured stomata opening and pathogen resistance in loss- and gain-of-function mutants. arabidopsis jaz2 muta ... | 2017 | 28005270 |
| the putative kinase substrate muse7 negatively impacts the accumulation of nlr proteins. | stringent modulation of immune signaling in plants is necessary to enable a rapid response to pathogen attack without spurious defense activation. to identify genes involved in plant immunity, a forward genetic screen for enhancers of the autoimmune snc1 (suppressor of npr1, constitutive 1) mutant was conducted. the snc1 mutant contains a gain-of-function mutation in a gene encoding a nod-like receptor (nlr) protein. the isolated muse7 (mutant, snc1-enhancing, 7) mutant was shown to confer a rev ... | 2017 | 28004865 |
| gaba (γ-aminobutyric acid) uptake via the gaba permease gabp represses virulence gene expression in pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000. | the nonprotein amino acid γ-aminobutyric acid (gaba) is the most abundant amino acid in the tomato (solanum lycopersicum) leaf apoplast and is synthesized by arabidopsis thaliana in response to infection by the bacterial pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000 (hereafter called dc3000). high levels of exogenous gaba have previously been shown to repress the expression of the type iii secretion system (t3ss) in dc3000, resulting in reduced elicitation of the hypersensitive response (hr) i ... | 2016 | 28001093 |
| erratum to: development of scar markers for rapid and specific detection of pseudomonas syringae pv. morsprunorum races 1 and 2, using conventional and real-time pcr. | 2017 | 27999901 | |
| image-based quantification of plant immunity and disease. | measuring the extent and severity of disease is a critical component of plant pathology research and crop breeding. unfortunately, existing visual scoring systems are qualitative, subjective, and the results are difficult to transfer between research groups, while existing quantitative methods can be quite laborious. here, we present plant immunity and disease image-based quantification (pidiq), a quantitative, semi-automated system to rapidly and objectively measure disease symptoms in a biolog ... | 2016 | 27996374 |
| characterization of two late-stage enzymes involved in fosfomycin biosynthesis in pseudomonads. | the broad-spectrum phosphonate antibiotic fosfomycin is currently in use for clinical treatment of infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative uropathogens. the antibiotic is biosynthesized by various streptomycetes, as well as by pseudomonads. notably, the biosynthetic strategies used by the two genera share only two steps: the first step in which primary metabolite phosphoenolpyruvate (pep) is converted to phosphonopyruvate (pnpy) and the terminal step in which 2-hydroxypropylpho ... | 2017 | 27977135 |
| sugarcane transcriptome analysis in response to infection caused by acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae. | sugarcane is an important tropical crop mainly cultivated to produce ethanol and sugar. crop productivity is negatively affected by acidovorax avenae subsp avenae (aaa), which causes the red stripe disease. little is known about the molecular mechanisms triggered in response to the infection. we have investigated the molecular mechanism activated in sugarcane using a rna-seq approach. we have produced a de novo transcriptome assembly (tr7) from sugarcane rna-seq libraries submitted to drought an ... | 2016 | 27936012 |
| characterization of the first double-stranded rna bacteriophage infecting pseudomonas aeruginosa. | bacteriophages (phages) are widely distributed in the biosphere and play a key role in modulating microbial ecology in the soil, ocean, and humans. although the role of dna bacteriophages is well described, the biology of rna bacteriophages is poorly understood. more than 1900 phage genomes are currently deposited in ncbi, but only 6 dsrna bacteriophages and 12 ssrna bacteriophages genome sequences are reported. the 6 dsrna bacteriophages were isolated from legume samples or lakes with pseudomon ... | 2016 | 27934909 |
| rna-seq transcriptome response of flax (linum usitatissimum l.) to the pathogenic fungus fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lini. | fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lini is a hemibiotrophic fungus that causes wilt in flax. along with rust, fusarium wilt has become an important factor in flax production worldwide. resistant flax cultivars have been used to manage the disease, but the resistance varies, depending on the interactions between specific cultivars and isolates of the pathogen. this interaction has a strong molecular basis, but no genomic information is available on how the plant responds to attempted infection, to inform ... | 2016 | 27933082 |
| accumulation and secretion of coumarinolignans and other coumarins in arabidopsis thaliana roots in response to iron deficiency at high ph. | root secretion of coumarin-phenolic type compounds has been recently shown to be related to arabidopsis thaliana tolerance to fe deficiency at high ph. previous studies revealed the identity of a few simple coumarins occurring in roots and exudates of fe-deficient a. thaliana plants, and left open the possible existence of other unknown phenolics. we used hplc-uv/vis/esi-ms(tof), hplc/esi-ms(ion trap) and hplc/esi-ms(q-tof) to characterize (identify and quantify) phenolic-type compounds accumula ... | 2016 | 27933069 |
| characterization of three novel sxt/r391 integrating conjugative elements icemfuind1a and icemfuind1b, and icemprchn1 identified in the genomes of marinomonas fungiae jcm 18476(t) and marinomonas profundimaris strain d104. | the genus marinomonas comprises gram negative bacteria which are widespread in the marine environment and there is no report on the genomic analysis of sxt/r391 ices derived from this group of bacteria. this study describes the genomic features of three new sxt/r391 integrating conjugating elements (ices) identified in the genome of marinomonas fungiae jcm 18476(t) (icemfuind1a and icemfuind1b) and in marinomonas profundimaris strain d104 (icemprchn1). structural organizations of the three ices ... | 2016 | 27933056 |
| microbes in the anthropocene: spillover of agriculturally selected bacteria and their impact on natural ecosystems. | soil microbial communities are enormously diverse, with at least millions of species and trillions of genes unknown to science or poorly described. soil microbial communities are key components of agriculture, for example, in provisioning nitrogen and protecting crops from pathogens, providing overall ecosystem services in excess of $1000bn per year. it is important to know how humans are affecting this hidden diversity. much is known about the negative consequences of agricultural intensificati ... | 2016 | 27928044 |
| insights into functional and evolutionary analysis of carbaryl metabolic pathway from pseudomonas sp. strain c5pp. | carbaryl (1-naphthyl n-methylcarbamate) is a most widely used carbamate pesticide in the agriculture field. soil isolate, pseudomonas sp. strain c5pp mineralizes carbaryl via 1-naphthol, salicylate and gentisate, however the genetic organization and evolutionary events of acquisition and assembly of pathway have not yet been studied. the draft genome analysis of strain c5pp reveals that the carbaryl catabolic genes are organized into three putative operons, 'upper', 'middle' and 'lower'. the seq ... | 2016 | 27924916 |
| overexpression of panax ginseng sesquiterpene synthase gene confers tolerance against pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato in arabidopsis thaliana. | sesquiterpenes are an abundant group belonging to the terpenoid family, with a c15 structure comprise of three isoprene units. many sesquiterpenes are volatile compounds and it act as chemical messenger in plant signalling, particularly in the defense mechanism against biotic and abiotic stresses. panax ginseng meyer is important medicinal herbs with various reported pharmacological efficacies in which its triterpenoid saponins, called ginsenosides, were mostly studied. however, there have been ... | 2016 | 27924121 |
| natural variation in arabidopsis cvi-0 accession reveals an important role of mpk12 in guard cell co2 signaling. | plant gas exchange is regulated by guard cells that form stomatal pores. stomatal adjustments are crucial for plant survival; they regulate uptake of co2 for photosynthesis, loss of water, and entrance of air pollutants such as ozone. we mapped ozone hypersensitivity, more open stomata, and stomatal co2-insensitivity phenotypes of the arabidopsis thaliana accession cvi-0 to a single amino acid substitution in mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase 12 (mpk12). in parallel, we showed that stomatal ... | 2016 | 27923039 |
| transcriptomic effects of the cell cycle regulator lgo in arabidopsis sepals. | endoreduplication is a specialized cell cycle in which dna replication occurs, but mitosis is skipped creating enlarged polyploid cells. endoreduplication is associated with the differentiation of many specialized cell types. in the arabidopsis thaliana sepal epidermis endoreduplicated giant cells form interspersed between smaller cells. both the transcription factor arabidopsis thaliana meristem layer1 (atml1) and the plant-specific cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor loss of giant cells from org ... | 2016 | 27920789 |
| the hemileia vastatrix effector hvec-016 suppresses bacterial blight symptoms in coffee genotypes with the sh 1 rust resistance gene. | a number of genes that confer resistance to coffee leaf rust (sh 1-sh 9) have been identified within the genus coffea, but despite many years of research on this pathosystem, the complementary avirulence genes of hemileia vastatrix have not been reported. after identification of h. vastatrix effector candidate genes (hvecs) expressed at different stages of its lifecycle, we established an assay to characterize hvec proteins by delivering them into coffee cells via the type-three secretion system ... | 2017 | 27918080 |
| nitric oxide responsive heavy metal-associated gene athmad1 contributes to development and disease resistance in arabidopsis thaliana. | exposure of plants to different biotic and abiotic stress condition instigates significant change in the cellular redox status; resulting in the elevation of reactive nitrogen species that play signaling role in mediating defense responses. heavy metal associated (hma) domain containing genes are required for spatio-temporal transportation of metal ions that bind with various enzymes and co-factors within the cell. to uncover the underlying mechanisms mediated by athma genes, we identified 14 ar ... | 2016 | 27917181 |
| role of the gacs sensor kinase in the regulation of volatile production by plant growth-promoting pseudomonas fluorescens sbw25. | in plant-associated pseudomonas species, the production of several secondary metabolites and exoenzymes is regulated by the gacs/gaca two-component regulatory system (the gac-system). here, we investigated if a mutation in the gacs sensor kinase affects the production of volatile organic compounds (vocs) in p. fluorescens sbw25 (pf.sbw25) and how this impacts on vocs-mediated growth promotion and induced systemic resistance of arabidopsis and tobacco. a total of 205 vocs were detected by gas chr ... | 2016 | 27917180 |
| hydrogen cyanide in the rhizosphere: not suppressing plant pathogens, but rather regulating availability of phosphate. | plant growth promoting rhizobacteria produce chemical compounds with different benefits for the plant. among them, hcn is recognized as a biocontrol agent, based on its ascribed toxicity against plant pathogens. based on several past studies questioning the validity of this hypothesis, we have re-addressed the issue by designing a new set of in vitro experiments, to test if hcn-producing rhizobacteria could inhibit the growth of phytopathogens. the level of hcn produced by the rhizobacteria in v ... | 2016 | 27917154 |
| cyanobacteria as chassis for industrial biotechnology: progress and prospects. | cyanobacteria hold significant potential as industrial biotechnology (ib) platforms for the production of a wide variety of bio-products ranging from biofuels such as hydrogen, alcohols and isoprenoids, to high-value bioactive and recombinant proteins. underpinning this technology, are the recent advances in cyanobacterial "omics" research, the development of improved genetic engineering tools for key species, and the emerging field of cyanobacterial synthetic biology. these approaches enabled t ... | 2016 | 27916886 |
| rna-seq-based digital gene expression analysis reveals modification of host defense responses by rice stripe virus during disease symptom development in arabidopsis. | virus infection induces and suppresses host gene expression on a global level. rice stripe virus (rsv) is the type species of the genus tenuivirus and infects rice and arabidopsis plants. microarray-based and next generation sequencing-based transcriptomic approaches have been used to study rice-rsv interactions. however, our knowledge of the response of arabidopsis plants to rsv infection is limited, and it requires further investigation to determine the similarities (or differences) in virus-h ... | 2016 | 27912765 |
| population scale mapping of transposable element diversity reveals links to gene regulation and epigenomic variation. | variation in the presence or absence of transposable elements (tes) is a major source of genetic variation between individuals. here, we identified 23,095 te presence/absence variants between 216 arabidopsis accessions. most te variants were rare, and we find these rare variants associated with local extremes of gene expression and dna methylation levels within the population. of the common alleles identified, two thirds were not in linkage disequilibrium with nearby snps, implicating these vari ... | 2016 | 27911260 |
| a subset of ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes is essential for plant immunity. | of the three classes of enzymes involved in ubiquitination, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (e2) have been often incorrectly considered to play merely an auxiliary role in the process, and few e2 enzymes have been investigated in plants. to reveal the role of e2 in plant innate immunity, we identified and cloned 40 tomato genes encoding ubiquitin e2 proteins. thioester assays indicated that the majority of the genes encode enzymatically active e2. phylogenetic analysis classified the 40 tomato e2 ... | 2017 | 27909045 |
| protein adp-ribosylation takes control in plant-bacterium interactions. | 2016 | 27907213 | |
| a new member of the growing family of contact-dependent growth inhibition systems in xenorhabdus doucetiae. | xenorhabdus is a bacterial symbiont of entomopathogenic steinernema nematodes and is pathogenic for insects. its life cycle involves a stage inside the insect cadaver, in which it competes for environmental resources with microorganisms from soil and the insect gut. xenorhabdus is, thus, a useful model for identifying new interbacterial competition systems. for the first time, in an entomopathogenic bacterium, xenorhabdus doucetiae strain frm16, we identified a cdi-like locus. the cdi loci encod ... | 2016 | 27907104 |
| current knowledge and perspectives of paenibacillus: a review. | isolated from a wide range of sources, the genus paenibacillus comprises bacterial species relevant to humans, animals, plants, and the environment. many paenibacillus species can promote crop growth directly via biological nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, production of the phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid (iaa), and release of siderophores that enable iron acquisition. they can also offer protection against insect herbivores and phytopathogens, including bacteria, fungi, nematodes, ... | 2016 | 27905924 |
| simultaneous detection of three bacterial seed-borne diseases in rice using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. | burkholderia glumae (bacterial grain rot), xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (bacterial leaf blight), and acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae (bacterial brown stripe) are major seedborne pathogens of rice. based on the 16s and 23s rdna sequences for a. avenae subsp. avenae and b. glumae, and transposase a gene sequence for x. oryzae pv. oryzae, three sets of primers had been designed to produce 402 bp for b. glumae, 490 bp for x. oryzae, and 290 bp for a. avenae subsp. avenae with the 63°c as an optimum ... | 2016 | 27904465 |
| overexpression of a pathogenesis-related protein 10 enhances biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in rice. | pathogenesis-related proteins play multiple roles in plant development and biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. here, we characterize a rice defense related gene named "jasmonic acid inducible pathogenesis-related class 10" (jiospr10) to gain an insight into its functional properties. semi-quantitative rt-pcr analysis showed up-regulation of jiospr10 under salt and drought stress conditions. constitutive over-expression jiospr10 in rice promoted shoot and root development in transgenic plants, h ... | 2016 | 27904462 |
| outbreak and spread of bacterial canker of kiwifruit caused by pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae biovar 3 in korea. | a bacterial pathogen, pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (psa), is a causal agent of kiwifruit bacterial canker worldwide. psa biovar 3 (psa3) was first detected in 2011 at an orchard in dodeok-myeon, goheunggun, jeonnam province in korea. in this study, we present the results of an epidemiological study regarding psa3 occurrence on kiwifruit orchards in korea for the period of 2013 to 2015. since the first detection of psa3 in 2011, there was no further case reported by 2013. however, psa3 was ... | 2016 | 27904461 |
| d-psa-k: a model for estimating the accumulated potential damage on kiwifruit canes caused by bacterial canker during the growing and overwintering seasons. | we developed a model, termed d-psa-k, to estimate the accumulated potential damage on kiwifruit canes caused by bacterial canker during the growing and overwintering seasons. the model consisted of three parts including estimation of the amount of necrotic lesion in a non-frozen environment, the rate of necrosis increase in a freezing environment during the overwintering season, and the amount of necrotic lesion on kiwifruit canes caused by bacterial canker during the overwintering and growing s ... | 2016 | 27904460 |
| arabidopsis thaliana methionine sulfoxide reductase b8 influences stress-induced cell death and effector-triggered immunity. | reactive oxygen species (ros) oxidize methionine to methionine sulfoxide (metso) and thereby inactivate proteins. methionine sulfoxide reductase (msr) enzyme converts metso back to the reduced form and thereby detoxifies the effect of ros. our results show that arabidopsis thaliana msr enzyme coding gene msrb8 is required for effector-triggered immunity and containment of stress-induced cell death in arabidopsis. plants activate pattern-triggered immunity (pti), a basal defense, upon recognition ... | 2017 | 27900506 |