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correlation between gyra and cmer box polymorphism and fluoroquinolone resistance in campylobacter jejuni isolates in china.sequence analysis of 79 ciprofloxacin-resistant campylobacter jejuni isolates collected in china showed resistance-related sequence variations in gyra and cmer-box. all the isolates contain an identical thr-86-ile substitution in gyra. several novel cmer-box variations, including point substitutions, deletion, and insertion, were identified. the point insertion or deletion led to dramatically reduced binding of cmer to the cmeabc promoter, which significantly increases the expression of cmeabc a ...201728438942
multiple pathogen biomarker detection using an encoded bead array in droplet pcr.we present a droplet pcr workflow for detection of multiple pathogen dna biomarkers using fluorescent color-coded luminex® beads. this strategy enables encoding of multiple singleplex droplet pcrs using a commercially available bead set of several hundred distinguishable fluorescence codes. this workflow provides scalability beyond the limited number offered by fluorescent detection probes such as taqman probes, commonly used in current multiplex droplet pcrs. the workflow was validated for thre ...201728434824
[campylobacter jejuni o:19 serotype in argentine poultry meat supply chain].thermotolerant species of campylobacter have been focus of attention in the last years because they are the major agent causing zoonotic foodborne diseases. in addition, campylobacter jejuni o:19 serotype was associated with guillain barré syndrome. the aim of this study was to determine the proportion of c. jejuni o:19 serotype isolated at different stages of three poultry meat supply chain in santa fe, argentina. the analysis showed that 18% of isolated c. jejuni belong to serotype o:19. it wa ...201728431787
application of β-resorcylic acid as potential antimicrobial feed additive to reduce campylobacter colonization in broiler chickens.campylobacter is one of the major foodborne pathogens that result in severe gastroenteritis in humans, primarily through consumption of contaminated poultry products. chickens are the reservoir host of campylobacter, where the pathogen colonizes the ceca, thereby leading to contamination of carcass during slaughter. a reduction in cecal colonization by campylobacter would directly translate into reduced product contamination and risk of human infections. with increasing consumer demand for antib ...201728428779
newer insights into the antidiarrheal effects of acacia catechu willd. extract in guinea pig.acacia catechu willd. is a plant diffused in india and other asian countries, where it is used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of several ailments including diarrhea, one of the most common pathologies worldwide. in this study, we determined the chemical composition of acacia catechu willd. extract (ac) and evaluated its effect on spontaneous and induced contractility in isolated guinea pig ileum and proximal colon. preliminary data about its antimicrobial effect against some pathoge ...201728422543
amelioration of intestinal and systemic sequelae of murine campylobacter jejuni infection by probiotic vsl#3 treatment.the incidence of human campylobacter jejuni infections is progressively increasing worldwide. probiotic compounds might open up valuable tools to decrease pathogen burden and subsequent pro-inflammatory immune responses, but in vivo data are scarce.201728413453
the current state of macrolide resistance in campylobacter spp.: trends and impacts of resistance mechanisms.campylobacter spp., especially campylobacter jejuni and c. coli, are leading bacterial foodborne pathogens worldwide. in the united states, an estimated 0.8 million cases of campylobacteriosis occur annually, mostly involving c. jejuni campylobacteriosis is generally self-limiting, but in severe cases, treatment with antibiotics may be mandated. the increasing incidence of fluoroquinolone resistance in campylobacter has rendered macrolides such as erythromycin and azithromycin the drugs of choic ...201728411226
draft genome sequence of multidrug-resistant abortive campylobacter jejuni from northern california.campylobacter jejuni is an enteric bacterium that can cause abortion in livestock. this is the release of a multidrug-resistant campylobacter jejuni genome from an isolate that caused an abortion in a cow in northern california. this isolate is part of the 100k pathogen genome project.201728408683
accessory genetic content in campylobacter jejuni st21cc isolates from feces and blood.campylobacter jejuni is an important foodborne pathogen and the most commonly reported bacterial cause of gastroenteritis. c. jejuni is occasionally found in blood, although mechanisms important for invasiveness have remained unclear. c. jejuni is divided into many different lineages, of which the st21 clonal complex (cc) is widely distributed. here, we performed comparative genomic and in vitro analyses on 17c. jejuni st21cc strains derived from human blood and feces in order to identify featur ...201728408091
rv3634c from mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv encodes an enzyme with udp-gal/glc and udp-galnac 4-epimerase activities.a bioinformatics study revealed that mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv (mtb) contains sequence homologs of campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation enzymes. the orf rv3634c from mtb was identified as a sequence homolog of c. jejuni udp-gal/galnac 4-epimerase. this study reports the cloning of rv3634c and its expression as an n-terminal his-tagged protein. the recombinant protein was shown to have udp-gal/glc 4-epimerase activity by god-pod assay and by reverse phase hplc. this enzyme was shown ...201728403215
the periplasmic chaperone network of campylobacter jejuni: evidence that salc (cj1289) and ppid (cj0694) are involved in maintaining outer membrane integrity.the outer membrane (om) of gram-negative pathogenic bacteria is a key structure in host-pathogen interactions that contains a plethora of proteins, performing a range of functions including adhesion, nutrient uptake, export of effectors and interaction with innate and adaptive components of the immune system. in addition, the om can exclude drugs and thus contribute to antimicrobial resistance. the om of the food-borne pathogen campylobacter jejuni contains porins, adhesins and other virulence f ...201728400767
campylobacter jejuni survival in a poultry processing plant environment.campylobacteriosis is the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. consumption of poultry, especially chicken's meat is considered the most common route for human infection. the aim of this study was to determine if campylobacter spp. might persist in the poultry plant environment before and after cleaning and disinfection procedures and the distribution and their genetic relatedness. during one month from a poultry plant were analyzed a total of 494 samples -defeathering machin ...201728400001
evidence of campylobacter jejuni reduction in broilers with early synbiotic administration.c. jejuni is considered a food safety concern to both public health authorities and consumers since it is the leading bacterial cause of food-borne gastroenteritis in humans. a high incidence of c. jejuni in broiler flocks is often correlated to pathogen recovery in retail poultry meat, which is the main source of human infection. in this work broiler chickens were fed with a synbiotic product mixed with conventional feed using two different administration strategies. the synbiotic was formulate ...201728390936
microbiota composition and immune responses during campylobacter jejuni infection in conventionally colonized il-10(-/-) mice lacking nucleotide oligomerization domain 2.host immune responses are pivotal for combating enteropathogenic infections. we here assessed the impact of the innate receptor nucleotide oligomerization domain protein 2 (nod2) in murine campylobacter jejuni-infection. conventionally colonized il-10(-/-) mice lacking nod2 and il-10(-/-) controls were perorally challenged with c. jejuni strain 81-176 and displayed comparable pathogenic colonization of intestines until day 14 postinfection (p.i.). whereas overall intestinal microbiota compositio ...201728386467
current and potential treatments for reducing campylobacter colonization in animal hosts and disease in humans.campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacteria-derived gastroenteritis worldwide. in the developed world, campylobacter is usually acquired by consuming under-cooked poultry, while in the developing world it is often obtained through drinking contaminated water. once consumed, the bacteria adhere to the intestinal epithelium or mucus layer, causing toxin-mediated inhibition of fluid reabsorption from the intestine and invasion-induced inflammation and diarrhea. traditionally, severe or pr ...201728386253
interactions of the periplasmic binding protein ceue with fe(iii) n-licam(4-) siderophore analogues of varied linker length.bacteria use siderophores to mediate the transport of essential fe(iii) into the cell. in campylobacter jejuni the periplasmic binding protein ceue, an integral part of the fe(iii) transport system, has adapted to bind tetradentate siderophores using a his and a tyr side chain to complete the fe(iii) coordination. a series of tetradentate siderophore mimics was synthesized in which the length of the linker between the two iron-binding catecholamide units was increased from four carbon atoms (4-l ...201728383577
evaluation of usda approved antimicrobials on the reduction of salmonella and campylobacter in ground chicken frames and their effect on meat quality.the main objective of this study was to examine the efficacy of usda approved antimicrobials in reducing salmonella heidelberg (s. h.) and campylobacter jejuni (c. j.) in ground chicken frames and to determine the treatment effects on total aerobic counts and meat color. six antimicrobials (0.1% peracetic acid [paa], 0.6% cetylpyridinium chloride [cpc], 0.005% sodium hypochlorite, 1.5% acidified lactic acid [ala], 0.3% propionic acid, and 0.1% lauric arginate [lae]) applied as dip treatments wer ...201728379524
nonselective bottlenecks control the divergence and diversification of phase-variable bacterial populations.phase variation occurs in many pathogenic and commensal bacteria and is a major generator of genetic variability. a putative advantage of phase variation is to counter reductions in variability imposed by nonselective bottlenecks during transmission. genomes of campylobacter jejuni, a widespread food-borne pathogen, contain multiple phase-variable loci whose rapid, stochastic variation is generated by hypermutable simple sequence repeat tracts. these loci can occupy a vast number of combinatoria ...201728377533
prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolated from children and environmental sources in urban and suburban areas.campylobacteriosis is a dominant bacterial cause of foodborne infection and is considered the main public health problem in europe and many other countries worldwide. in the study lasting from 2011 to 2013 we compared the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolated from children, domestic animals, poultry meat and surface water in northern poland.201728376713
key role of capsular polysaccharide in the induction of systemic infection and abortion by hypervirulent campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter jejuni is a zoonotic pathogen, and a hypervirulent strain, named clone sa, has recently emerged as the predominant cause of ovine abortion in the united states. to induce abortion, orally ingested campylobacter must translocate across the intestinal epithelium, spread systemically in the circulation, and reach the fetoplacental tissue. bacterial factors involved in these steps are not well understood. c. jejuni is known to produce capsular polysaccharide (cps), but the specific rol ...201728373351
characterisation by multilocus sequence and pora and flaa typing of campylobacter jejuni isolated from samples of dog faeces collected in one city in new zealand.to investigate the prevalence of campylobacter spp. and c. jejuni in dog faecal material collected from dog walkways in the city of palmerston north, new zealand, and to characterise the c. jejuni isolates by multilocus sequence typing (mlst) and pora and flaa antigen gene typing.201728372482
faecal campylobacter shedding among dogs in animal shelters across texas.epidemiologic studies on faecal campylobacter shedding among dogs in the united states have been limited, despite evidence that the incidence of human campylobacteriosis has increased over the last decade. our objectives were to estimate the prevalence of faecal campylobacter shedding among shelter dogs in texas, to estimate the specific prevalence of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli shedding, and to identify risk factors for campylobacter-positive status. using a cross-sectional stud ...201728371319
lack of evidence that selenium-yeast improves chicken health and modulates the caecal microbiota in the context of colonization by campylobacter jejuni.faced with ever-increasing demand, the industrial production of food animals is under pressure to increase its production. in order to keep productivity, quality, and safety standards up while reducing the use of antibiotics, farmers are seeking new feed additives. in chicken production, one of these additives is selenium. this element is expected to confer some advantages in terms of animal health and productivity, but its impact on chicken intestinal microbiota as well as on the carriage of fo ...201728367146
prevalence, phenotypic and genetic diversity of campylobacter in poultry fresh meat and poultry products on retail sale in tuscany (italy).in this study, the prevalence of campylobacter spp. in poultry fresh meat and ready‑to‑cook products was evaluated. seventy‑three samples were collected at retail level from supermarkets and discount stores, obtaining 61.6% positivity. of 133 campylobacter isolates, 86 strains (campylobacter coli, 58.1% and campylobacter jejuni, 41.9%) were selected for characterisation on the basis of their smai and kpni pulsed field gel‑electrophoresis (pfge) profiles, to exclude clonal replicates. campylobact ...201728365923
outbreak of campylobacteriosis following a dairy farm visit: confirmation by genotyping.in april-may 2014, an outbreak of campylobacteriosis occurred after a preschool visit to a dairy farm in the south western part of sweden. during the visit, a meal, including unpasteurized milk, was served. a retrospective cohort study using a web-based questionnaire was performed among the participants (n = 30) of the farm visit. a total of 24 of the 30 (80%) cohort members completed the questionnaire. eleven cases were identified, and campylobacter jejuni was isolated from eight of them. seven ...201728350214
monomorphic genotypes within a generalist lineage of campylobacter jejuni show signs of global dispersion.the decreased costs of genome sequencing have increased the capability to apply whole-genome sequencing to epidemiological surveillance of zoonotic campylobacter jejuni. however, knowledge of the genetic diversity of this bacteria is vital for inferring relatedness between epidemiologically linked isolates and a necessary prerequisite for correct application of this methodology. to address this issue in c. jejuni we investigated the spatial and temporal signals in the genomes of a major clonal c ...201628348829
a comparative analysis of the lyve-set phylogenomics pipeline for genomic epidemiology of foodborne pathogens.modern epidemiology of foodborne bacterial pathogens in industrialized countries relies increasingly on whole genome sequencing (wgs) techniques. as opposed to profiling techniques such as pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, wgs requires a variety of computational methods. since 2013, united states agencies responsible for food safety including the cdc, fda, and usda, have been performing whole-genome sequencing (wgs) on all listeria monocytogenes found in clinical, food, and environmental samples ...201728348549
effects of campylobacter jejuni lipopolysaccharide on axonal injury in the spinal cord in rats.to explore the effects of campylobacter jejuni lipopolysaccharide (cj-lps) on axonal injury in the spinal cord. wistar rats were divided into the control (nc) group, model group (cj-lps), and lps antibody group (anti-lps). rats in the nc group were injected with a mixture of normal saline and complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) while those in cj-lps group were injected with cj-lps, composed of lps, cfa, and saline. rats were sacrificed at 4th week and 6th week after injection, and hematoxylin and e ...201728344123
further characterization and independent validation of a dna aptamer-quantum dot-based magnetic sandwich assay for campylobacter.previously reported dna aptamers developed against surface proteins extracted from campylobacter jejuni were further characterized by aptamer-based western blotting and shown to bind epitopes on proteins weighing ~16 and 60 kd from reduced c. jejuni and campylobacter coli lysates. proteins of these approximate weights have also been identified in traditional antibody-based western blots of campylobacter spp. specificity of the capture and reporter aptamers from the previous report was further va ...201728342148
prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity of campylobacter coli and campylobacter jejuni in ecuadorian broilers at slaughter age.thermotolerant campylobacter spp. are a major cause of foodborne gastrointestinal infections worldwide. the linkage of human campylobacteriosis and poultry has been widely described. in this study we aimed to investigate the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity of c. coli and c. jejuni in broilers from ecuador. caecal content from 379 randomly selected broiler batches originating from 115 farms were collected from 6 slaughterhouses located in the province of pichincha durin ...201728339716
selection for pro-inflammatory mediators produces chickens more resistant to campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter spp. are the second leading cause of bacterial-induced foodborne illnesses with an estimated economic burden of nearly $2b usd per year. most human illness associated with campylobacteriosis is due to infection by c. jejuni and chickens are recognized as a reservoir that could lead to foodborne illness in humans resulting from handling or consuming raw or undercooked chicken. we recently developed a novel breeding strategy based on identification and selection of chickens with an i ...201728339707
effect of butyrate and lactobacillus gg on a butyrate receptor and transporter during campylobacter jejuni exposure.campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni) frequently infects humans causing many gastrointestinal symptoms, fever, fatigue and several long-term debilitating diseases. current treatment for campylobacteriosis includes rehydration and in some cases, antibiotic therapy. probiotics are used to treat several gastrointestinal diseases. butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid known to promote intestinal health. interaction of butyrate with its respective receptor (hcar2) and transporter (slc5a8), both expressed i ...201728333199
b lymphocytes play a limited role in clearance of campylobacter jejuni from the chicken intestinal tract.campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis with contaminated poultry meat its main source. control of c. jejuni is a priority for the poultry industry but no vaccines are available and their development hampered by poor understanding of the immunobiology of c. jejuni infection. here we show the functional role of b lymphocytes in response to c. jejuni in the chicken through depletion of the b lymphocyte population (bursectomy) followed by challenge. b lympho ...201728332622
administration of lactobacillus johnsonii fi9785 to chickens affects colonisation by campylobacter jejuni and the intestinal microbiota.1. campylobacter jejuni is the most common bacterial cause of human foodborne gastroenteritis in the world largely from contaminated poultry meat. new control measures to reduce or eliminate this pathogen from the animal gastrointestinal tract are urgently required, and the use of probiotics as competitive exclusion agents is a promising biocontrol measure to reduce c. jejuni in the food chain. 2. in this study, we assessed the potential of lactobacillus johnsonii fi9785, which has shown efficac ...201728318296
pathogenic potential and genotypic diversity of campylobacter jejuni: a neglected food-borne pathogen in brazil.purpose and methodology.campylobacter jejuni is a major zoonotic pathogen that causes food-borne gastroenteritis worldwide. however, there are only a few studies available that have molecularly characterized c. jejuni strains isolated in brazil. the aim of this study was to genotype 111 c. jejuni strains isolated from sick humans (43), monkey faeces (19), chicken faeces (14), chicken meat (33) and sewage (2) between 1996 and 2016 in brazil using flaa-svr (short variable region) sequencing and pf ...201728317494
morphology heterogeneity within a campylobacter jejuni helical population: the use of calcofluor white to generate rod-shaped c. jejuni 81-176 clones and the genetic determinants responsible for differences in morphology within 11168 strains.campylobacter jejuni helical shape is important for colonization and host interactions with straight mutants having altered biological properties. passage on calcofluor white (cfw) resulted in c. jejuni 81-176 isolates with morphology changes: either a straight morphology from frameshift mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms in peptidoglycan hydrolase genes pgp1 or pgp2 or a reduction in curvature due a frameshift mutation in cjj81176_1105, a putative peptidoglycan endopeptidase. shape d ...201728316093
crystal structure of the minimal cas9 from campylobacter jejuni reveals the molecular diversity in the crispr-cas9 systems.the rna-guided endonuclease cas9 generates a double-strand break at dna target sites complementary to the guide rna and has been harnessed for the development of a variety of new technologies, such as genome editing. here, we report the crystal structures of campylobacter jejuni cas9 (cjcas9), one of the smallest cas9 orthologs, in complex with an sgrna and its target dna. the structures provided insights into a minimal cas9 scaffold and revealed the remarkable mechanistic diversity of the crisp ...201728306506
new approaches on quantification of campylobacter jejuni in poultry samples: the use of digital pcr and real-time pcr against the iso standard plate count method.campylobacteriosis is the most frequently reported bacterial food-borne illness in the european union and contaminated broiler meat is considered the most important source of infection in humans. the aim of the present study was to evaluate real-time pcr (qpcr) and digital pcr (dpcr) for quantification of campylobacter jejuni in 75 broiler neck-skin samples collected from a poultry slaughterhouse, and to compare them with the iso 10272-2 standard plate count method. for qpcr standard curve, c. j ...201728303130
bacteria associated with marginal zone lymphomas.in the last decades some bacteria have been associated with a various extent with marginal zone (extra nodal, nodal and splenic types) lymphomas are frequently associated with chronic infections, with important clinical, molecular, biological, and therapeutic implications. the well-known correlation between helicobacter pylori and gastric malt-lymphoma, the recently reported links between chlamydia psittaci and ocular adnexal malt-lymphoma and borrelia burgdorferi and cutaneous malt lymphoma con ...201728288714
strain-specific probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria and their interference with human intestinal pathogens invasion.one of the working mechanisms of probiotic bacteria is their ability to compete with pathogens. to define the probiotic properties of seven lactic acid bacteria (lab) strains, we tested them for survival in simulated gastro-intestinal conditions, antimicrobial activities, co-aggregative abilities, and interferences studies against five human intestinal pathogens (salmonella enteritidis atcc 13076, listeria monocytogenes atcc 7644, escherichia coli o157: h7 atcc 35150, cronobacter sakazakii atcc ...201728286570
a quantitative real-time pcr approach for assessing campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli colonization in broiler herds.human campylobacteriosis is a major public health concern in developed countries, with campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli from poultry recognized as the main source of human infection. identification of campylobacter-positive broiler herds before slaughter is essential for implementing measures to avoid carryover of pathogens via the slaughter process into the food chain. however, appropriate methods that have been validated for testing poultry flocks antemortem are lacking for campylob ...201728282226
quantitative microbial risk assessment for campylobacter foodborne illness in raw beef offal consumption in south korea.this study evaluated the risk of campylobacter foodborne illness caused by the intake of raw beef offal in south korea. the prevalence of campylobacter spp. in raw beef offal (liver and tripe) was investigated by plating samples on modified charcoal-cefoperazone-deoxycholate agar with preston enrichment broth. data were collected about storage temperature and length of storage of raw beef offal, and probabilistic distributions for the data were determined, using @risk software. predictive models ...201728282225
analysis of campylobacter jejuni infection in the gnotobiotic piglet and genome-wide identification of bacterial factors required for infection.to investigate how campylobacter jejuni causes the clinical symptoms of diarrhoeal disease in humans, use of a relevant animal model is essential. such a model should mimic the human disease closely in terms of host physiology, incubation period before onset of disease, clinical signs and a comparable outcome of disease. in this study, we used a gnotobiotic piglet model to study determinants of pathogenicity of c. jejuni. in this model, c. jejuni successfully established infection and piglets de ...201728281647
high prevalence and predominance of the aph(2″)-if gene conferring aminoglycoside resistance in campylobacter.campylobacter is a major foodborne pathogen and previous studies revealed that campylobacter isolates from food-producing animals are increasingly resistant to gentamicin in china. the molecular epidemiology and genetic mechanisms responsible for gentamicin resistance in china have not been well understood. in this study, 607 campylobacter isolates of chicken and swine origins collected in the year of 2014 were analyzed, revealing that 15.6% (25/160) of the c. jejuni isolates and 79.9% (357/447) ...201728264854
molecular architecture of an n-formyltransferase from salmonella enterica o60.n-formylated sugars are found on the lipopolysaccharides of various pathogenic gram negative bacteria including campylobacter jejuni 81116, francisella tularensis, providencia alcalifaciens o30, and providencia alcalifaciens o40. the last step in the biosynthetic pathways for these unusual sugars is catalyzed by n-formyltransferases that utilize n(10)-formyltetrahydrofolate as the carbon source. the substrates are dtdp-linked amino sugars with the functional groups installed at either the c-3' o ...201728263875
gastrointestinal disorders next to respiratory infections as leading symptoms of x-linked agammaglobulinemia in children - 34-year experience of a single center.respiratory tract infections constitute the most frequent manifestation of x-linked agammaglobulinemia (xla). there are not many papers elucidating gastrointestinal (gi) disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (ibd), in such patients. the aim of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of gastrointestinal disorders and ibd compared to respiratory tract infections in xla individuals.201728261296
guillain-barré syndrome.guillain-barré syndrome is an acute inflammatory immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy presenting typically with tingling, progressive weakness, and pain. variants and formes frustes may complicate recognition. the best known variant is the sensory ataxic form of miller fisher syndrome, which also affects the oculomotor nerves and the brain stem. divergent pathologic mechanisms lead to demyelinating, axonal, or mixed demyelinating-axonal damage. in the demyelinating form, yet to be identified a ...201728259232
whole-genome sequencing in the epidemiology of campylobacter jejuni infections.this review provides the current state of knowledge on the application of whole-genome sequencing (wgs) in the epidemiology of campylobacter jejuni, the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. we describe how wgs has increased our understanding of the evolutionary and epidemiological dynamics of this pathogen and how wgs has the potential to improve surveillance and outbreak detection. we have identified hurdles towards the full implementation of wgs in public health settings. howe ...201728249998
formation of biofilms by foodborne pathogens and development of laboratory in vitro model for the study of campylobacter genus bacteria based on these biofilms.we analyzed the formation of biofilms by 7 strains of campylobacter genus bacteria and 18 strains of enterobacteriaceae genus bacteria that were isolated from plant and animal raw materials, from finished products, and swabs from the equipment of the food industry. biofilm formation on glass plates, slides and coverslips, microtubes made of polymeric materials and petri dishes, and polystyrene plates of different profiles were analyzed. when studying the process of films formation, different eff ...201728243912
molecular typing of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolated from various retail meats by mlst and pfge.campylobacter species are one of the leading causes of foodborne disease in the united states. campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli are the two main species of concern to human health and cause approximately 95% of human infections. molecular typing methods, such as pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and multilocus sequence typing (mlst) are often used to source track foodborne bacterial pathogens. the aim of the present study was to compare pfge and mlst in typing strains of c. jeju ...201428234305
genomic sequence of campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni hs:19 penner serotype reference strain rm3420.campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni infections are a leading cause of foodborne gastroenteritis and the most prevalent antecedent to guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). penner serotype hs:19 is among several capsular types shown to be markers for gbs. this study describes the genome of c. jejuni subsp. jejuni hs:19 penner reference strain rm3420.201728232429
function and regulation of the c4-dicarboxylate transporters in campylobacter jejuni.c4-dicarboxylates are important molecules for the human pathogen c.jejuni, as they are used as carbon and electron acceptor molecules, as sugars cannot be utilized by this microaerophilic organism. based on the genome analysis, c. jejuni may possess five different c4-dicarboxylate transporters: dcta, dcua, dcub, and two homologs of dcuc. here, we investigated the regulation and function of various c4-dicarboxylate transporters in c. jejuni. transcription of the dcta and dcuc homologs is constitu ...201728223978
antimicrobial use for and resistance of zoonotic bacteria recovered from nonhuman primates.as a growing threat to human and animal health, antimicrobial resistance (amr) has become a central public-health topic. largescale surveillance systems, such as the national antimicrobial resistance monitoring system (narms), are now established to monitor and provide guidance regarding amr, but comprehensive literature on amr among nhp is sparse. this study provides data regarding current antimicrobial use strategies and the prevalence of amr in zoonotic bacteria recovered from nhp within biom ...201728222842
variation in campylobacter multilocus sequence typing subtypes from chickens as detected on three plating media.the objective of this study was to compare subtypes of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli detected on three selective campylobacter plating media to determine whether each medium selected for different subtypes. fifty ceca and 50 carcasses (representing 50 flocks) were collected from the evisceration line in a commercial broiler processing plant. campylobacter was cultured and isolated from cecal contents and carcass rinses on campy-cefex, campy line, and rf campylobacter jejuni/coli ag ...201628221919
in vivo genome editing with a small cas9 orthologue derived from campylobacter jejuni.several crispr-cas9 orthologues have been used for genome editing. here, we present the smallest cas9 orthologue characterized to date, derived from campylobacter jejuni (cjcas9), for efficient genome editing in vivo. after determining protospacer-adjacent motif (pam) sequences and optimizing single-guide rna (sgrna) length, we package the cjcas9 gene, its sgrna sequence, and a marker gene in an all-in-one adeno-associated virus (aav) vector and produce the resulting virus at a high titer. cjcas ...201728220790
enteric pathogens and their toxin-induced disruption of the intestinal barrier through alteration of tight junctions in chickens.maintaining a healthy gut environment is a prerequisite for sustainable animal production. the gut plays a key role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients and constitutes an initial organ exposed to external factors influencing bird's health. the intestinal epithelial barrier serves as the first line of defense between the host and the luminal environment. it consists of a continuous monolayer of intestinal epithelial cells connected by intercellular junctional complexes which shrink the s ...201728208612
the epiquant framework for computing the epidemiological concordance of microbial subtyping data.a fundamental assumption in the use and interpretation of microbial subtyping results for public health investigations is that isolates that appear to be related based on molecular subtyping data are expected to share commonalities with respect to their origin, history and distribution. critically, no approach currently exists for systematically assessing the underlying epidemiology of subtyping results. our aim was to develop a method for directly quantifying the similarity between bacterial is ...201728202797
oxidative and nitrosative stress defences of helicobacter and campylobacter species that counteract mammalian immunity.helicobacter and campylobacter species are gram-negative microaerophilic host-associated heterotrophic bacteria that invade the digestive tract of humans and animals. campylobacter jejuni is the major worldwide cause of foodborne gastroenteritis in humans, while helicobacter pylori is ubiquitous in over half of the world's population causing gastric and duodenal ulcers. the colonisation of the gastrointestinal system by helicobacter and campylobacter relies on numerous cellular defences to sense ...201628201757
temporal induction of pro-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli.campylobacter jejuni along with c. coli are major cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. so far, the human immune response against campylobacter is not entirely clear. we hypothesize that it is coordinated by an interaction between pro-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines which is influenced by bacterial and host-individual differences. accordingly, we used peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from healthy donors to study the primary systemic immune response to c. jejuni and c. coli. pb ...201728196097
genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance profiles of campylobacter coli and campylobacter jejuni isolated from broiler chicken in farms and at time of slaughter in central italy.genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter coli and campylobacter jejuni were investigated along the broiler chicken production chain in central italy.201728194914
erratum to: assays to study the interaction of campylobacter jejuni with the mucosal surface. 201728190242
increased glycosylation efficiency of recombinant proteins in escherichia coli by auto-induction.escherichia coli cells have been considered as promising hosts for producing n-glycosylated proteins since the successful production of n-glycosylated protein in e. coli with the pgl (n-linked protein glycosylation) locus from campylobacter jejuni. however, one hurdle in producing n-glycosylated proteins in large scale using e. coli is inefficient glycan glycosylation. in this study, we developed a strategy for the production of n-glycosylated proteins with high efficiency via an optimized auto- ...201728188786
emergence of a plasmid-borne multidrug resistance gene cfr(c) in foodborne pathogen campylobacter.to identify and characterize a novel cfr variant that recently emerged and confers multidrug resistance in campylobacter , a major foodborne pathogen.201728186558
targeting bacillosamine biosynthesis in bacterial pathogens: development of inhibitors to a bacterial amino-sugar acetyltransferase from campylobacter jejuni.the glycoproteins of selected microbial pathogens often include highly modified carbohydrates such as 2,4-diacetamidobacillosamine (dinacbac). these glycoconjugates are involved in host-cell interactions and may be associated with the virulence of medically significant gram-negative bacteria. in light of genetic studies demonstrating the attenuated virulence of bacterial strains in which modified carbohydrate biosynthesis enzymes have been knocked out, we are developing small molecule inhibitors ...201728182413
antimicrobial activities of phenolic extracts derived from seed coats of selected soybean varieties.soybean hulls or seed coats consist of complex carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and polyphenols such as anthocyanidins, proanthocyanidins, and isoflavones. the polyphenolics in the seed coats give them various colors such as black, brown, green, yellow, or even a mottled appearance. in this study, the antimicrobial effects of phenolic extracts from the seed coats of different colored soybeans (yellow, dark brown, brown, and black) were evaluated against foodborne pathogens such as salmonella typ ...201728178372
isolation, identification and differentiation of campylobacter spp. using multiplex pcr assay from goats in khartoum state, sudan.the aim of this study was to identify and characterize thermophilic campylobacter species in faecal samples from goats in khartoum state, sudan, by application of multiplex polymerase chain reaction. campylobacteriosis is a zoonotic disease of global concern, and the organisms can be transmitted to human via food, water and through contact with farm animals and pets. there are five clinically related campylobacter species: campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni). campylobacter coli, campylobacter lari, ...201728160162
campylobacter jejuni and associated immune mechanisms: short-term effects and long-term implications for infants in low-income countries.campylobacter jejuni is recognized as one of the most common causes of food-borne gastrointestinal illness worldwide, resulting in a self-limiting dysentery in developed countries. however, it is increasingly gaining attention due to its association with postinfectious complications such as guillain-barré syndrome and recently recognized importance in early childhood diarrhea in developing countries. we hypothesize that the inflammation mediated by c. jejuni infection causes environmental enteri ...201728157786
draft genome sequence of campylobacter jejuni 11168h.campylobacter jejuni is the most prevalent cause of food-borne gastroenteritis in the developed world. the reference and original sequenced strain c. jejuni nctc11168 has low levels of motility compared to clinical isolates. here, we describe the draft genome of the laboratory derived hypermotile variant named 11168h.201728153902
cj1199 affect the development of erythromycin resistance in campylobacter jejuni through regulation of leucine biosynthesis.the aim of this study was to reveal the biological function of cj1199 which was overexpressed in the laboratory induced erythromycin resistant strains. the cj1199 deletion mutant (φcj1199) was constructed via insertional inactivation from its parent strain campylobacter jejuni nctc11168. the φcj1199 and nctc11168 were then subjected to microarray and real-time pcr to find gene pathway of cj1199. the antimicrobial susceptibility, antimicrobial resistance development, growth characteristics and le ...201728144238
knowledge gaps in host-parasite interaction preclude accurate assessment of meat-borne exposure to toxoplasma gondii.toxoplasma gondii is recognized as a widely prevalent zoonotic parasite worldwide. although several studies clearly identified meat products as an important source of t. gondii infections in humans, quantitative understanding of the risk posed to humans through the food chain is surprisingly scant. while probabilistic risk assessments for pathogens such as campylobacter jejuni, listeria monocytogenes or escherichia coli have been well established, attempts to quantify the probability of human ex ...201628139250
health survey of free-ranging raccoons (procyon lotor) in central park, new york, new york, usa: implications for human and domestic animal health.we conducted health assessments on 113 free-ranging raccoons ( procyon lotor ) in central park, new york city, us, in february 2010, september 2010, and november 2011 in conjunction with a trap-vaccinate-release program to control a raccoon rabies epizootic. five individuals were sampled at two time points for 118 raccoon examinations in total. we tested 13 of 13 and 8 of 13 euthanized raccoons for rabies and canine distemper virus (cdv), respectively, by antigen testing on brain tissue; all wer ...201728135131
identification and initial characterisation of a protein involved in campylobacter jejuni cell shape.campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial food borne illness. while helical cell shape is considered important for c. jejuni pathogenesis, this bacterium is capable of adopting other morphologies. to better understand how helical-shaped c. jejuni maintain their shape and thus any associated colonisation, pathogenicity or other advantage, it is first important to identify the genes and proteins involved. so far, two peptidoglycan modifying enzymes pgp1 and pgp2 have been shown to be ...201728131954
antimicrobial use for and resistance of zoonotic bacteria recovered from nonhuman primates.as a growing threat to human and animal health, antimicrobial resistance (amr) has become a central public-health topic. largescale surveillance systems, such as the national antimicrobial resistance monitoring system (narms), are now established to monitor and provide guidance regarding amr, but comprehensive literature on amr among nhp is sparse. this study provides data regarding current antimicrobial use strategies and the prevalence of amr in zoonotic bacteria recovered from nhp within biom ...201728128070
campylobacter jejuni infection of conventionally colonized mice lacking nucleotide-oligomerization-domain-2.the nucleotide-binding oligomerisaton protein 2 (nod2) constitutes a pivotal sensor of bacterial muramyl dipeptide and assures expression of distinct antimicrobial peptides and mediators produced by enterocytes and immune cells directed against pathogens including campylobacter jejuni. we here elucidated the role of nod2 during murine c. jejuni infection in more detail.201728127403
complete annotated genome sequences of three campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from naturally colonized farm-raised chickens.campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterially derived foodborne illness. human illness is commonly associated with the handling and consumption of contaminated poultry products. three c. jejuni strains were isolated from cecal contents of three different naturally colonized farm-raised chickens. the complete genomes of these three isolates are presented here.201728126931
myocarditis associated with campylobacter jejuni infection. 201728126233
reply to "activity of fosfomycin on clinical isolates of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli of enteric origin". 201728119318
activity of fosfomycin on clinical isolates of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli of enteric origin. 201728119317
motility of campylobacter concisus isolated from saliva, feces, and gut mucosal biopsies.campylobacter concisus is an emerging pathogen associated with gastrointestinal disorders such as gastroenteritis and inflammatory bowel diseases (ibd), but the species is also found in healthy subjects. the heterogeneous genome of c. concisus increases the likelihood of varying virulence between strains. flagella motility is a crucial virulence factor for the well-recognized campylobacter jejuni; therefore, this study aimed to analyze the motility of c. concisus isolated from saliva, gut biopsi ...201728116789
prevalence of thermotolerant campylobacter spp. in chicken meat in croatia and multilocus sequence typing of a small subset of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates.in order to detect thermotolerant campylobacter spp., 241 samples of fresh chicken meat, at retail in croatia, were analysed according to a standard method, followed by biochemical test and molecular polymerase chain reaction/restriction enzyme analysis for exact species determination. campylobacter spp. prevalence was 73.86%. campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli were isolated from 53.53 and 15.35% of the samples, respectively. in 4.98% of isolates thermotolerant campylobacter spp. were n ...201628115906
genome-wide identification of host-segregating epidemiological markers for source attribution in campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter is among the most common worldwide causes of bacterial gastroenteritis. this organism is part of the commensal microbiota of numerous host species, including livestock, and these animals constitute potential sources of human infection. molecular typing approaches, especially multilocus sequence typing (mlst), have been used to attribute the source of human campylobacteriosis by quantifying the relative abundance of alleles at seven mlst loci among isolates from animal reservoirs an ...201728115376
characterization of gut microbiome dynamics in developing pekin ducks and impact of management system.little to no research has been conducted on the gut microbiome of the pekin duck, yet over 24.5 million ducks are raised for human consumption each year in the united states alone. knowledge of the microbiome could lead to an understanding of the effects of growing conditions such as the use of prebiotics, probiotics, and enzymes in feeding practices, the use of antibiotics, and the sources of pathogenic bacteria in diseased ducks. in order to characterize changes in the caecal microbiome that o ...201728101086
characterization of gut microbiome dynamics in developing pekin ducks and impact of management system.little to no research has been conducted on the gut microbiome of the pekin duck, yet over 24.5 million ducks are raised for human consumption each year in the united states alone. knowledge of the microbiome could lead to an understanding of the effects of growing conditions such as the use of prebiotics, probiotics, and enzymes in feeding practices, the use of antibiotics, and the sources of pathogenic bacteria in diseased ducks. in order to characterize changes in the caecal microbiome that o ...201728101086
relapsing-remitting severe bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis - case report and literature review.bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis (bbe) is a very rare disease of the central nervous system. aetiology of the disease is auto-immunological. however, it is not entirely understood. clinically bbe manifests in progressive ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and consciousness disturbances. clinical symptoms are usually preceded by an unidentified infection of the upper respiratory tract. usually, the disease has one phase, but individual relapses have also been described. despite quite severe clinical sym ...201628096906
characterization of the dtdp-fuc3n and dtdp-qui3n biosynthetic pathways in campylobacter jejuni 81116†.the gram-negative bacterium campylobacter jejuni 81116 (penner serotype hs:6) has a class e lipooligosaccharide (los) biosynthesis locus containing 19 genes, which encode for 11 putative glycosyltransferases, 1 lipid a acyltransferase and 7 enzymes thought to be involved in the biosynthesis of dideoxyhexosamine (ddhexn) moieties. although the los outer core structure of c. jejuni 81116 is still unknown, recent mass spectrometry analyses suggest that it contains acetylated forms of two ddhexn res ...201728096310
mplex: a method for simultaneous pathogen inactivation and extraction of samples for multi-omics profiling.the continued emergence and spread of infectious agents is of great concern, and systems biology approaches to infectious disease research can advance our understanding of host-pathogen relationships and facilitate the development of new therapies and vaccines. molecular characterization of infectious samples outside of appropriate biosafety containment can take place only subsequent to pathogen inactivation. herein, we describe a modified folch extraction using chloroform/methanol that facilita ...201728091625
formate simultaneously reduces oxidase activity and enhances respiration in campylobacter jejuni.the foodborne microaerophilic pathogen, campylobacter jejuni, possesses a periplasmic formate dehydrogenase and two terminal oxidases, which serve to metabolize formate and facilitate the use of oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor, respectively. formate, a primary energy source for c. jejuni, inhibits oxidase activity in other bacteria. here, we hypothesized that formate might affect both energy metabolism and microaerobic survival in c. jejuni. subsequently, we showed that c. jejuni 81-176 ( ...201728091524
pathophysiology of intestinal na(+)/h(+) exchange.several members of the slc9a family of na(+)/h(+) exchangers are expressed in the gut, with varying expression patterns and cellular localization. not only do they participate in the regulation of basic epithelial cell functions, including control of transepithelial na(+) absorption, intracellular ph (ph i ), cell volume, and nutrient absorption, but also in cellular proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. additionally, they modulate the extracellular milieu in order to facilitate other nutrien ...201728090568
diversity in rotavirus-host glycan interactions: a "sweet" spectrum.interaction with cellular glycans is a critical initial step in the pathogenesis of many infectious agents. technological advances in glycobiology have expanded the repertoire of studies delineating host glycan-pathogen interactions. for rotavirus, the vp8* domain of the outer capsid spike protein vp4 is known to interact with cellular glycans. sialic acid was considered the key cellular attachment factor for rotaviruses for decades. although this is true for many rotavirus strains causing infec ...201628090561
antimicrobial properties of plant essential oils against human pathogens and their mode of action: an updated review.a wide range of medicinal and aromatic plants (maps) have been explored for their essential oils in the past few decades. essential oils are complex volatile compounds, synthesized naturally in different plant parts during the process of secondary metabolism. essential oils have great potential in the field of biomedicine as they effectively destroy several bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens. the presence of different types of aldehydes, phenolics, terpenes, and other antimicrobial compounds ...201628090211
molecular epidemiological analysis of human- and chicken-derived isolates of campylobacter jejuni in japan using next-generation sequencing.in this research, we analyzed the main sequence types (st) and st complexes of human- and chicken-derived isolates of campylobacter jejuni in japan by using multilocus sequence typing (mlst). we also analyzed lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis locus classes (los locus classes) and the numbers of isolates carrying genes coding resistance factors against various antibiotics, and observed their relationships. st-21 complex was the main st complex in isolates from humans (n = 38) and chickens (n = 25) ...201728087306
the campylobacter jejuni oxidative stress regulator rrpb is associated with a genomic hypervariable region and altered oxidative stress resistance.campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial foodborne diarrhoeal disease worldwide. despite the microaerophilic nature of the bacterium, c. jejuni can survive the atmospheric oxygen conditions in the environment. bacteria that can survive either within a host or in the environment like c. jejuni require variable responses to survive the stresses associated with exposure to different levels of reactive oxygen species. the marr-type transcriptional regulators rrpa and rrpb have recently ...201628082970
campylobacter jejuni transducer like proteins: chemotaxis and beyond.chemotaxis, a process that mediates directional motility toward or away from chemical stimuli (chemoeffectors/ligands that can be attractants or repellents) in the environment, plays an important role in the adaptation of campylobacter jejuni to disparate niches. the chemotaxis system consists of core signal transduction proteins and methyl-accepting-domain-containing transducer like proteins (tlps). ligands binding to tlps relay a signal to chemotaxis proteins in the cytoplasm which initiate a ...201728080213
modeling diversity in structures of bacterial outer membrane lipids.lipopolysaccharides (lpss) are vital components of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, and they act as extremely strong stimulators of innate immunity in diverse eukaryotic species. the primary immunostimulatory center of the lps molecule is lipid a, a disaccharide-bound lipophilic domain. considering the broad diversity in bacterial species, there are variations in the lipid a structures and their immunogenic potencies. in this work, we model the lipid a structures of eight commensal ...201728080049
growth and morbidity of gambian infants are influenced by maternal milk oligosaccharides and infant gut microbiota.human milk oligosaccharides (hmos) play an important role in the health of an infant as substrate for beneficial gut bacteria. little is known about the effects of hmo composition and its changes on the morbidity and growth outcomes of infants living in areas with high infection rates. mother's hmo composition and infant gut microbiota from 33 gambian mother/infant pairs at 4, 16, and 20 weeks postpartum were analyzed for relationships between hmos, microbiota, and infant morbidity and growth. t ...201728079170
comparative genomics of h. pylori and non-pylori helicobacter species to identify new regions associated with its pathogenicity and adaptability.the genus helicobacter is a group of gram-negative, helical-shaped pathogens consisting of at least 36 bacterial species. helicobacter pylori (h. pylori), infecting more than 50% of the human population, is considered as the major cause of gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. however, the genetic underpinnings of h. pylori that are responsible for its large scale epidemic and gastrointestinal environment adaption within human beings remain unclear. core-pan genome analysis was performed ...201628078297
the helicobacter cinaedi antigen caip participates in atherosclerotic inflammation by promoting the differentiation of macrophages in foam cells.recent studies have shown that certain specific microbial infections participate in atherosclerosis by inducing inflammation and immune reactions, but how the pathogens implicated in this pathology trigger the host responses remains unknown. in this study we show that helicobacter cinaedi (hc) is a human pathogen linked to atherosclerosis development since at least 27% of sera from atherosclerotic patients specifically recognize a protein of the hc proteome, that we named cinaedi atherosclerosis ...201728074932
advances in ibs 2016: a review of current and emerging data.irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) is characterized by chronic intermittent abdominal pain and associated diarrhea (ibs-d), constipation (ibs-c), or both. ibs can significantly impact patient function and quality of life. the diagnosis of ibs is based on the presence of characteristic symptoms, the exclusion of concerning features, and selected tests to exclude organic diseases that can mimic ibs. the pathophysiology of ibs remains incompletely understood, and new contributing factors have been iden ...201628070176
bacterial serine protease htra as a promising new target for antimicrobial therapy?recent studies have demonstrated that the bacterial chaperone and serine protease high temperature requirement a (htra) is closely associated with the establishment and progression of several infectious diseases. htra activity enhances bacterial survival under stress conditions, but also has direct effects on functions of the cell adhesion protein e-cadherin and extracellular matrix proteins, including fibronectin and proteoglycans. although htra cannot be considered as a pathogenic factor per s ...201728069057
multiple cross displacement amplification combined with gold nanoparticle-based lateral flow biosensor for detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus.vibrio parahaemolyticus (v. parahaemolyticus) is a marine seafood-borne pathogen causing severe illnesses in humans and aquatic animals. in the present study, multiple cross displacement amplification was combined with a lateral flow biosensor (mcda-lfb) to detect the toxr gene of v. parahaemolyticus in dna extracts from pure cultures and spiked oyster homogenates. amplification was carried out at a constant temperature (62°c) for only 30 min, and amplification products were directly applied to ...201628066368
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