Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| mammalian cell entry (mce) protein of leptospira interrogans binds extracellular matrix components, plasminogen and β2 integrin. | a severe re-emergingzoonosis, leptospirosis, is caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the genus leptospira. several studies have identified leptospiral surface proteins with the ability to bind ecm and plasma components, which could mediate adhesion and invasion through the hosts. it has been shown that mce of pathogenic leptospira spp. is an rgd (arg-gly-asp)-motif-dependent virulence factor, responsible for infection of cells and animals. in the present article, we decided to further study the r ... | 2016 | 27468683 |
| whole genome sequencing allows better understanding of the evolutionary history of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. | the genome of a laboratory-adapted strain of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo was sequenced and analyzed. comparison of the sequenced genome with that recently published for a field isolate of the same serovar revealed relatively high sequence conservation at the nucleotide level, despite the different biological background of both samples. conversely, comparison of both serovar hardjo genomes with those of l. borgpetersenii serovar hardjo showed extensive differences between the correspond ... | 2016 | 27442015 |
| immunoreactivity of the aaa+ chaperone clpb from leptospira interrogans with sera from leptospira-infected animals. | leptospira interrogans is a spirochaete responsible for leptospirosis in mammals. the molecular mechanisms of the leptospira virulence remain mostly unknown. recently, it has been demonstrated that l. interrogans clpb (clpbli) is essential for bacterial survival under stressful conditions and also during infection. the aim of this study was to provide further insight into the role of clpb in l. interrogans and answer the question whether clpbli as a potential virulence factor may be a target of ... | 2016 | 27421882 |
| recent developments in detection and enumeration of waterborne bacteria: a retrospective minireview. | waterborne diseases have emerged as global health problems and their rapid and sensitive detection in environmental water samples is of great importance. bacterial identification and enumeration in water samples is significant as it helps to maintain safe drinking water for public consumption. culture-based methods are laborious, time-consuming, and yield false-positive results, whereas viable but nonculturable (vbncs) microorganisms cannot be recovered. hence, numerous methods have been develop ... | 2016 | 27397728 |
| micronutrients and leptospirosis: a review of the current evidence. | leptospirosis is one of the most widespread zoonoses and represents a major threat to human health. due to the high burden of disease, limitations in diagnostics, and limited coverage and availability of effective human and veterinary vaccines, leptospirosis remains an important neglected zoonotic disease. improved surveillance and identification of modifiable risk factors for leptospirosis are urgently needed to inform preventive interventions and reduce the risk and severity of leptospira infe ... | 2016 | 27387046 |
| detection of dengue, west nile virus, rickettsiosis and leptospirosis by a new real-time pcr strategy. | dengue virus (denv) infection causes sudden fever along with several nonspecific signs and symptoms and in severe cases, death. denv is transmitted to people by aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus mosquitoes, whose populations increase during rainy season. west nile virus (wnv), rickettsia spp. and leptospira spp. are fever-causing pathogens that share many of the initial symptoms of denv infection and also thrive in the rainy season. outbreaks in some regions may be due to any of these pathogens t ... | 2016 | 27350908 |
| costs of life - dynamics of the protein inventory of staphylococcus aureus during anaerobiosis. | absolute protein quantification was applied to follow the dynamics of the cytoplasmic proteome of staphylococcus aureus in response to long-term oxygen starvation. for 1,168 proteins, the majority of all expressed proteins, molecule numbers per cell have been determined to monitor the cellular investments in single branches of bacterial life for the first time. in the presence of glucose the anaerobic protein pattern is characterized by increased amounts of glycolytic and fermentative enzymes su ... | 2016 | 27344979 |
| ncbi prokaryotic genome annotation pipeline. | recent technological advances have opened unprecedented opportunities for large-scale sequencing and analysis of populations of pathogenic species in disease outbreaks, as well as for large-scale diversity studies aimed at expanding our knowledge across the whole domain of prokaryotes. to meet the challenge of timely interpretation of structure, function and meaning of this vast genetic information, a comprehensive approach to automatic genome annotation is critically needed. in collaboration wi ... | 2016 | 27342282 |
| phylogeny reconstruction with alignment-free method that corrects for horizontal gene transfer. | advances in sequencing have generated a large number of complete genomes. traditionally, phylogenetic analysis relies on alignments of orthologs, but defining orthologs and separating them from paralogs is a complex task that may not always be suited to the large datasets of the future. an alternative to traditional, alignment-based approaches are whole-genome, alignment-free methods. these methods are scalable and require minimal manual intervention. we developed slopetree, a new alignment-free ... | 2016 | 27336403 |
| transcriptome sequencing reveals wide expression reprogramming of basal and unknown genes in leptospira biflexa biofilms. | the genus leptospira is composed of pathogenic and saprophytic spirochetes. pathogenic leptospira is the etiological agent of leptospirosis, a globally spread neglected disease. a key ecological feature of some pathogenic species is their ability to survive both within and outside the host. for most leptospires, the ability to persist outside the host is associated with biofilm formation, a most important bacterial strategy to face and overcome hostile environmental conditions. the architecture ... | 2016 | 27303713 |
| temperature-responsive in vitro rna structurome of yersinia pseudotuberculosis. | rna structures are fundamentally important for rna function. dynamic, condition-dependent structural changes are able to modulate gene expression as shown for riboswitches and rna thermometers. by parallel analysis of rna structures, we mapped the rna structurome of yersinia pseudotuberculosis at three different temperatures. this human pathogen is exquisitely responsive to host body temperature (37 °c), which induces a major metabolic transition. our analysis profiles the structure of more than ... | 2016 | 27298343 |
| large-scale purification and in vitro characterization of the assembly of mreb from leptospira interrogans. | weil's syndrome is caused by leptospira interrogans infections, a gram negative bacterium with a distinct thin corkscrew cell shape. the molecular basis for this unusual morphology is unknown. in many bacteria, cell wall synthesis is orchestrated by the actin homolog, mreb. | 2016 | 27297907 |
| coevolution between stop codon usage and release factors in bacterial species. | three stop codons in bacteria represent different translation termination signals, and their usage is expected to depend on their differences in translation termination efficiency, mutation bias, and relative abundance of release factors (rf1 decoding uaa and uag, and rf2 decoding uaa and uga). in 14 bacterial species (covering proteobacteria, firmicutes, cyanobacteria, actinobacteria and spirochetes) with cellular rf1 and rf2 quantified, uaa is consistently over-represented in highly expressed ... | 2016 | 27297468 |
| comparative analyses of transport proteins encoded within the genomes of leptospira species. | select species of the bacterial genus leptospira are causative agents of leptospirosis, an emerging global zoonosis affecting nearly one million people worldwide annually. we examined two leptospira pathogens, leptospira interrogans serovar lai str. 56601 and leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo-bovis str. l550, as well as the free-living leptospiral saprophyte, leptospira biflexa serovar patoc str. 'patoc 1 (ames)'. the transport proteins of these leptospires were identified and compared us ... | 2016 | 27296707 |
| human leptospirosis on reunion island, indian ocean: are rodents the (only) ones to blame? | although leptospirosis is a zoonosis of major concern on tropical islands, the molecular epidemiology of the disease aiming at linking human cases to specific animal reservoirs has been rarely explored within these peculiar ecosystems. | 2016 | 27294677 |
| human leptospirosis in tanzania: sequencing and phylogenetic analysis confirm that pathogenic leptospira species circulate among agro-pastoralists living in katavi-rukwa ecosystem. | leptospirosis is a neglected zoonotic disease of worldwide public health importance. the disease affects humans, domestic animals and wildlife. however, leptospirosis is challenging in its diagnosis in humans. culture technique, which is time consuming, is not recommended for clinical diagnosis. for these reasons, serological and molecular techniques remain the test of choice. the major objective of this study was to explore the genetic characteristic of leptospira species which are prevalent am ... | 2016 | 27287703 |
| leptospira interrogans serovars bratislava and muenchen animal infections: implications for epidemiology and control. | strains of leptospira interrogans belonging to two very closely related serovars - bratislava and muenchen - have been associated with disease in domestic animals, in particular pigs, but also in horses and dogs. similar strains have also been recovered from various wildlife species. their epidemiology is poorly understood. two hundred and forty seven such isolates, from uk domestic animal and wildlife species, were examined by restriction endonuclease analysis in an attempt to elucidate their e ... | 2016 | 27283852 |
| molecular and serological characterization of the first leptospira santarosai strain isolated from a dog. | leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of global importance caused by pathogenic leptospira species. dogs can become asymptomatically infected, acting like reservoir hosts for pathogenic leptospira, notably leptospira interrogans serovar canicola. identification of such individuals and characterization of leptospires involved in chronic infections may unravel the role of dogs in the epidemiology of particular leptospiral strains. the aim of the present work was to describe the first leptospira sant ... | 2016 | 27282095 |
| decrease in antithrombin iii and prothrombin serum levels contribute to coagulation disorders during leptospirosis. | pathogenic bacteria of the genus leptospira are the causative agent of leptospirosis, an emergent infectious disease that affects humans and animals worldwide. severe forms of the disease in humans include jaundice, multiple organ failure and intense haemorrhage. up to now, mechanisms associated with the haemorrhage foci are poorly understood. we report in this work that, despite the low levels of antithrombin iii in convalescent human serum samples, virulent, culture-attenuated and saprophyte s ... | 2016 | 27260249 |
| the adaptor molecule trif contributes to murine host defense during leptospiral infection. | leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease and is caused by pathogenic species of the leptospira genus, including leptospira interrogans (l. interrogans). humans, domestic and wild animals are susceptible to acute or chronic infection. the innate immune response is a critical defense mechanism against leptospira interrogans, and has been investigated in mouse models. murine toll-like receptors (tlrs) have been shown to be key factors in sensing and responding to l. interrogans infection. specifically, ... | 2016 | 27259371 |
| a cross sectional study of leptospirosis and fetal death in yucatan, mexico. | leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease affecting mainly to low income human population. acute leptospiral infection during pregnancy has been associated with spontaneous abortion and fetal death during the first trimester and the abortion may occur as consequence of systemic failure. | 2016 | 27226658 |
| first molecular evidence of toxoplasma gondii in opossums (didelphis virginiana) from yucatan, mexico. | toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite recognized as a causal agent of toxoplasmosis; zoonotic disease endemic in many countries worldwide, including mexico. different species of animals participate in the wild cycle infection, including opossums of the species didelphis virginiana. thirteen d. virginiana were captured in yucatan, mexico. detection of t. gondii was achieved by polymerase chain reaction, which determined an infection of 76.9% (10/13) in brains. positive amplicons ... | 2016 | 27200271 |
| first genome sequence of leptospira interrogans serovar pomona, isolated from a bovine abortion. | leptospirosis is a widespread zoonosis and a re-emergent disease of global distribution with major relevance in veterinary production. here, we report the whole-genome sequence of leptospira interrogans serovar pomona strain akrfb, isolated from a bovine abortion during a leptospirosis outbreak in argentina. | 2016 | 27198013 |
| functional thioredoxin reductase from pathogenic and free-living leptospira spp. | low molecular mass thiols and antioxidant enzymes have essential functions to detoxify reactive oxygen and nitrogen species maintaining cellular redox balance. the metabolic pathways for redox homeostasis in pathogenic (leptospira interrogans) and free-living (leptospira biflexa) leptospires species were not functionally characterized. we performed biochemical studies on recombinantly produced proteins to in depth analyze kinetic and structural properties of thioredoxin reductase (lintrxr) and t ... | 2016 | 27178006 |
| isolation and molecular identification of mycoplasma equigenitalium from equine genital tracts in northern india. | although mycoplasma equigenitalium has been implicated in equine reproductive problems, its prevalence is largely unexplored due to the lack of specific diagnostic tests. to address this limitation, the authors developed and optimized species-specific primer pairs that target m. eguigenitalium rpob (rna polymerase b subunit) gene sequences. the specificity of the pcr assay developed in this study was determined using 12 field isolates including the type strain of m. equigenitalium and other myco ... | 2015 | 27175172 |
| molecular detection of leptospira spp. in the urine of cattle in northern iran. | leptospirosis is a zoonosis of worldwide distribution, caused by leptospira interrogans and is considered as an emerging global public health problem. transmission usually results from direct or indirect exposure to the urine or other body fluids of leptospiruric animals which may become a source of infection for human or other animals. having a humid climate with plenty of annual rainfall, guilan province is a suitable environment for maintaining leptospira spp. hence, early detection of leptos ... | 2014 | 27175139 |
| whole-genome sequencing reveals genetic variation in the asian house rat. | whole-genome sequencing of wild-derived rat species can provide novel genomic resources, which may help decipher the genetics underlying complex phenotypes. as a notorious pest, reservoir of human pathogens, and colonizer, the asian house rat, rattus tanezumi, is successfully adapted to its habitat. however, little is known regarding genetic variation in this species. in this study, we identified over 41,000,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, plus insertions and deletions, through whole-genome ... | 2016 | 27172215 |
| dual transcriptome profiling of leishmania-infected human macrophages reveals distinct reprogramming signatures. | macrophages are mononuclear phagocytes that constitute a first line of defense against pathogens. while lethal to many microbes, they are the primary host cells of leishmania spp. parasites, the obligate intracellular pathogens that cause leishmaniasis. we conducted transcriptomic profiling of two leishmania species and the human macrophage over the course of intracellular infection by using high-throughput rna sequencing to characterize the global gene expression changes and reprogramming event ... | 2016 | 27165796 |
| metabolic engineering of a synergistic pathway for n-butanol production in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | n-butanol has several favourable properties as an advanced fuel or a platform chemical. bio-based production of n-butanol is becoming increasingly important for sustainable chemical industry. synthesis of n-butanol can be achieved via more than one metabolic pathway. here we report the metabolic engineering of saccharomyces cerevisiae to produce n-butanol through a synergistic pathway: the endogenous threonine pathway and the introduced citramalate pathway. firstly, we characterized and optimize ... | 2016 | 27161023 |
| vaccine design for h5n1 based on b- and t-cell epitope predictions. | from 2003 to 2013, indonesia had the highest number of avian influenza a cases in humans, with 192 cases and 160 fatalities. avian influenza is caused by influenza virus type a, such as subtype h5n1. this virus has two glycoproteins: hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, which will become the primary target to be neutralized by vaccine. vaccine is the most effective immunologic intervention. in this study, we use the epitope-based vaccine design from hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of h5n1 indonesian ... | 2016 | 27147821 |
| real-time pcr reveals rapid dissemination of leptospira interrogans after intraperitoneal and conjunctival inoculation of hamsters. | the pathogen leptospira interrogans is a highly motile spirochete that causes acute and fulminant infections in humans and other accidental hosts. hematogenous dissemination is important for infection by the pathogen but remains poorly understood because few animal model studies have used sensitive tools to quantify the bacteria. we evaluated the kinetics of leptospiral infection in golden syrian hamsters by a sensitive quantitative real-time pcr (taqman) with lipl32 as the target gene. the diss ... | 2016 | 27141082 |
| evaluation of two novel leptospiral proteins for their interaction with human host components. | pathogenic species of the genus leptospira are the etiological agents of leptospirosis, the most widespread zoonosis. mechanisms involved in leptospiral pathogenesis are not well understood. by data mining the genome sequences of leptospira interrogans we have identified two proteins predicted to be surface exposed, lic10821 and lic10064. immunofluorescence and proteinase k assays confirmed that the proteins are exposed. reactivity of the recombinant proteins with human sera has shown that rlic1 ... | 2016 | 27129366 |
| exploring the secretomes of microbes and microbial communities using filamentous phage display. | microbial surface and secreted proteins (the secretome) contain a large number of proteins that interact with other microbes, host and/or environment. these proteins are exported by the coordinated activities of the protein secretion machinery present in the cell. a group of bacteriophage, called filamentous phage, have the ability to hijack bacterial protein secretion machinery in order to amplify and assemble via a secretion-like process. this ability has been harnessed in the use of filamento ... | 2016 | 27092113 |
| etiological agents causing leptospirosis in sri lanka: a review. | to systematically review the etiological agent causing human leptospirosis in sri lanka. | 2016 | 27086159 |
| draft genome of the leptospira interrogans strains, acegua, rca, prea, and capivara, obtained from wildlife maintenance hosts and infected domestic animals. | in the present paper, we announce new draft genomes of four leptospira interrogans strains named acegua, rca, prea, and capivara. these strains were isolated in the state of rio grande do sul, brazil, from cattle, dog, brazilian guinea pig, and capybara, respectively. | 2016 | 27074260 |
| caprine leptospirosis: hematobiochemical and urinalyses studies. | the present study was designed to evaluate clinicopathological alterations in naturally occurring leptospirosis in goats of south gujarat region, gujarat. | 2016 | 27057122 |
| seroprevalence of brucella abortus and leptospira hardjo in cattle. | the aim was to assess the seroprevalence of b. abortus and leptospira hardjo in the cattle population of bihar, this work was carried out. | 2015 | 27047076 |
| analysis of a spontaneous non-motile and avirulent mutant shows that flim is required for full endoflagella assembly in leptospira interrogans. | pathogenic leptospira strains are responsible for leptospirosis, a worldwide emerging zoonotic disease. these spirochetes are unique amongst bacteria because of their corkscrew-like cell morphology and their periplasmic flagella. motility is reported as an important virulence determinant, probably favoring entry and dissemination of pathogenic leptospira in the host. however, proteins constituting the periplasmic flagella and their role in cell shape, motility and virulence remain poorly describ ... | 2016 | 27044038 |
| comparison of mucosal, subcutaneous and intraperitoneal routes of rat leptospira infection. | leptospirosis is a zoonosis found worldwide that is caused by a spirochete. the main reservoirs of leptospira, which presents an asymptomatic infection, are wild rodents, including the brown rat (rattus norvegicus). experimental studies of the mechanisms of its renal colonization in rats have previously used an intraperitoneal inoculation route. however, knowledge of rat-rat transmission requires the use of a natural route of inoculation, such as a mucosal or subcutaneous route. we investigated ... | 2016 | 27031867 |
| prevalence and genotype allocation of pathogenic leptospira species in small mammals from various habitat types in germany. | small mammals serve as most important reservoirs for leptospira spp., the causative agents of leptospirosis, which is one of the most neglected and widespread zoonotic diseases worldwide. the knowledge about leptospira spp. occurring in small mammals from germany is scarce. thus, this study's objectives were to investigate the occurrence of leptospira spp. and the inherent sequence types in small mammals from three different study sites: a forest in southern germany (site b1); a national park in ... | 2016 | 27015596 |
| a two-year ecological study of norway rats (rattus norvegicus) in a brazilian urban slum. | the norway or brown rat (rattus norvegicus) is among the most ubiquitous of rodents. however, the lack of studies describing norway rat populations from tropical areas have limited our understanding regarding their demography and seasonal dynamics. in this study, we describe seasonal pattern in the abundance, reproductive parameters, and morphometrics of norway rat populations in salvador, brazil. rodents were trapped over four seasonal trapping periods (2013-2014) from three valleys. a total of ... | 2016 | 27015422 |
| prevalence of antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi, anaplasma phagocytophilum, and leptospira interrogans serovars in bernese mountain dogs. | bernese mountain dogs (bmd) have a higher prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (bbsl) antibodies than other breeds, but it is not known whether this is the case for other pathogens. therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the frequency and level of specific antibodies against members of the bbsl group, anaplasma phagocytophilum (ap), and leptospira (l.) interrogans serovars in bmd and compare the results with those found in dogs of other breeds. | 2016 | 27004451 |
| identification of protein secretion systems in bacterial genomes. | bacteria with two cell membranes (diderms) have evolved complex systems for protein secretion. these systems were extensively studied in some model bacteria, but the characterisation of their diversity has lagged behind due to lack of standard annotation tools. we built online and standalone computational tools to accurately predict protein secretion systems and related appendages in bacteria with lps-containing outer membranes. they consist of models describing the systems' components and genet ... | 2016 | 26979785 |
| seroprevalence of leptospiral infection in feline population in urban and dairy cattle herds in mashhad, iran. | the importance of cats in the leptospira epidemiology is due to the possibility of transferring leptospirosis to wild and domesticated animals. the purpose of this survey was to determine the prevalence of leptospira infection in shorthair cats in different location of mashhad, iran. totally, 147 blood samples were taken from 42 (28.57%), 52 (35.37%) and 53 (36.05%) households, stray and cats which lived in industrial dairy cattle herds of mashhad, iran, respectively. sera were tested with seven ... | 2015 | 26973765 |
| profiling of leptospira interrogans, l. santarosai, l. meyeri and l. borgpetersenii by se-aflp, pfge and susceptibility testing--a continuous attempt at species and serovar differentiation. | leptospirosis is a widespread systemic zoonosis, considered as reemerging in certain developing countries. although the cross agglutinin absorption test is still considered the standard method for leptospira identification, it presents several disadvantages. the aim of this study was to characterize leptospira spp. isolated from various hosts by genotyping and broth microdilution susceptibility testing in an attempt to differentiate leptospira species, serogroups and serovars. forty-seven isolat ... | 2016 | 26956446 |
| borrelia burgdorferi elongation factor ef-tu is an immunogenic protein during lyme borreliosis. | borrelia burgdorferi, the etiological agent of lyme disease, does not produce lipopolysaccharide but expresses a large number of lipoproteins on its cell surface. these outer membrane lipoproteins are highly immunogenic and have been used for serodiagnosis of lyme disease. recent studies have shown that highly conserved cytosolic proteins such as enolase and elongation factor tu (ef-tu) unexpectedly localized on the surface of bacteria including b. burgdorferi, and surface-localized enolase has ... | 2015 | 26954993 |
| [production of certain pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines during stimulation by live and inactivated leptospira pathogens in the model of human whole blood]. | study of the ability of clinical isolates of leptospira to cause production of certain pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines in the model of human whole blood. | 2016 | 26950985 |
| dual nuclease activity of a cas2 protein in crispr-cas subtype i-b of leptospira interrogans. | leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni strain fiocruz l1-130 carries a set of cas genes associated with crispr-cas subtype i-b. herein, we report for the first time active transcription of a set of cas genes (cas1 to cas8) of l. interrogans where cas4, cas1, cas2 and cas6, cas3, cas8, cas7, cas5 are clustered together in two independent operons. as an initial step toward comprehensive understanding of crispr-cas system in spirochete, the biochemical study of one of the core leptospira cas2 p ... | 2016 | 26950513 |
| first isolates of leptospira spp., from rodents captured in angola. | rodents play an important role in the transmission of pathogenic leptospira spp. however, in angola, neither the natural reservoirs of these spirochetes nor leptospirosis diagnosis has been considered. regarding this gap, we captured rodents in luanda and huambo provinces to identify circulating leptospira spp. rodent kidney tissue was cultured and dna amplified and sequenced. culture isolates were evaluated for pathogenic status and typing with rabbit antisera; polymerase chain reaction (pcr) a ... | 2016 | 26928840 |
| determination of leptospira borgpetersenii serovar javanica and leptospira interrogans serovar bataviae as the persistent leptospira serovars circulating in the urban rat populations in peninsular malaysia. | leptospirosis is an emerging infectious disease of global significance, and is endemic in tropical countries, including malaysia. over the last decade, a dramatic increase of human cases was reported; however, information on the primary vector, the rat, and the leptospira serovars circulating among the rat population is limited. therefore, the present study was undertaken to isolate leptospira and characterise the serovars circulating in the urban rat populations from selected main cities in pen ... | 2016 | 26927873 |
| biochemical characterization and complete conversion of coenzyme specificity of isocitrate dehydrogenase from bifidobacterium longum. | bifidobacterium longum is a very important gram-positive non-pathogenic bacterium in the human gastrointestinal tract for keeping the digestive and immune system healthy. isocitrate dehydrogenase (idh) from b. longum (blidh), a novel member in type ii subfamily, was overexpressed, purified and biochemically characterized in detail. the active form of blidh was an 83-kda homodimer. kinetic analysis showed blidh was a nadp⁺-dependent idh (nadp-idh), with a 567- and 193-fold preference for nadp⁺ ov ... | 2016 | 26927087 |
| isolation and molecular characterization of leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo strain hardjobovis in the urine of naturally infected cattle in brazil. | most epidemiologic studies on bovine leptospirosis are based on serological tests that use antibodies against several serotypes, including the serovar hardjo, which is widespread and considered to be the most adapted to bovine hosts. however, using only serological studies is not sufficient to identify and distinguish species of leptospires. the aim of this study was report the first isolation in brazil of two strains serovar hardjo obtained in urine samples from naturally infected cows in a sma ... | 2016 | 26909976 |
| what makes a bacterial species pathogenic?:comparative genomic analysis of the genus leptospira. | leptospirosis, caused by spirochetes of the genus leptospira, is a globally widespread, neglected and emerging zoonotic disease. while whole genome analysis of individual pathogenic, intermediately pathogenic and saprophytic leptospira species has been reported, comprehensive cross-species genomic comparison of all known species of infectious and non-infectious leptospira, with the goal of identifying genes related to pathogenesis and mammalian host adaptation, remains a key gap in the field. in ... | 2016 | 26890609 |
| impacts of climatic variability on vibrio parahaemolyticus outbreaks in taiwan. | this study aimed to investigate and quantify the relationship between climate variation and incidence of vibrio parahaemolyticus in taiwan. specifically, seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (arima) models (including autoregression, seasonality, and a lag-time effect) were employed to predict the role of climatic factors (including temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, ocean temperature and ocean salinity) on the incidence of v. parahaemolyticus in taiwan between 2000 and 2011. ... | 2016 | 26848675 |
| clinical evaluation of rapid diagnostic test kit using the polysaccharide as a genus-specific diagnostic antigen for leptospirosis in korea, bulgaria, and argentina. | leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease that is caused by many serovars which are more than 200 in the world, is an emerging worldwide disease. accurate and rapid diagnostic tests for leptospirosis are a critical step to diagnose the disease. there are some commercial kits available for diagnosis of leptospirosis, but the obscurity of a species- or genus-specific antigen of pathogenic leptospira interrogans causes the reduced sensitivity and specificity. in this study, the polysaccharide derived from ... | 2016 | 26839470 |
| marine mammals harbor unique microbiotas shaped by and yet distinct from the sea. | marine mammals play crucial ecological roles in the oceans, but little is known about their microbiotas. here we study the bacterial communities in 337 samples from 5 body sites in 48 healthy dolphins and 18 healthy sea lions, as well as those of adjacent seawater and other hosts. the bacterial taxonomic compositions are distinct from those of other mammals, dietary fish and seawater, are highly diverse and vary according to body site and host species. dolphins harbour 30 bacterial phyla, with 2 ... | 2016 | 26839246 |
| whole genome sequencing revealed host adaptation-focused genomic plasticity of pathogenic leptospira. | leptospirosis, caused by pathogenic leptospira spp., has recently been recognized as an emerging infectious disease worldwide. despite its severity and global importance, knowledge about the molecular pathogenesis and virulence evolution of leptospira spp. remains limited. here we sequenced and analyzed 102 isolates representing global sources. a high genomic variability were observed among different leptospira species, which was attributed to massive gene gain and loss events allowing for adapt ... | 2016 | 26833181 |
| risk factors for intensive care unit admission in patients with severe leptospirosis: a comparative study according to patients' severity. | the aim of this study is to investigate predictive factors for intensive care unit (icu) admission among patients with severe leptospirosis. | 2016 | 26830173 |
| risk factors for intensive care unit admission in patients with severe leptospirosis: a comparative study according to patients' severity. | the aim of this study is to investigate predictive factors for intensive care unit (icu) admission among patients with severe leptospirosis. | 2016 | 26830173 |
| exposure to viral and bacterial pathogens among soay sheep (ovis aries) of the st kilda archipelago. | we assessed evidence of exposure to viruses and bacteria in an unmanaged and long-isolated population of soay sheep (ovis aries) inhabiting hirta, in the st kilda archipelago, 65 km west of benbecula in the outer hebrides of scotland. the sheep harbour many metazoan and protozoan parasites but their exposure to viral and bacterial pathogens is unknown. we tested for herpes viral dna in leucocytes and found that 21 of 42 tested sheep were infected with ovine herpesvirus 2 (ohv-2). we also tested ... | 2016 | 26829883 |
| toward understanding the catalytic mechanism of human paraoxonase 1: site-specific mutagenesis at position 192. | human paraoxonase 1 (h-pon1) is a serum enzyme that can hydrolyze a variety of substrates. the enzyme exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-atherogenic, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial and organophosphate-hydrolyzing activities. thus, h-pon1 is a strong candidate for the development of therapeutic intervention against a variety conditions in human. however, the crystal structure of h-pon1 is not solved and the molecular details of how the enzyme hydrolyzes different substrates are not c ... | 2016 | 26829396 |
| development of a new real-time pcr system for simultaneous detection of bacteria and fungi in pathological samples. | a novel system for simultaneous detection of pathogenic bacteria and fungi in pathological samples was developed using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) system. this system, designated the "multi-microbial real-time pcr", has the potential to simultaneously detect 68 bacterial and 9 fungal species in a 96-well plate format. all probe-primer sets were designed to produce amplicons smaller than 210 bp using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples as input. the specificity and sensitivit ... | 2015 | 26823918 |
| plasmin cleaves fibrinogen and the human complement proteins c3b and c5 in the presence of leptospira interrogans proteins: a new role of liga and ligb in invasion and complement immune evasion. | plasminogen is a single-chain glycoprotein found in human plasma as the inactive precursor of plasmin. when converted to proteolytically active plasmin, plasmin(ogen) regulates both complement and coagulation cascades, thus representing an important target for pathogenic microorganisms. leptospira interrogans binds plasminogen, which is converted to active plasmin. leptospiral immunoglobulin-like (lig) proteins are surface exposed molecules that interact with extracellular matrix components and ... | 2016 | 26822552 |
| human leptospirosis infection in fiji: an eco-epidemiological approach to identifying risk factors and environmental drivers for transmission. | leptospirosis is an important zoonotic disease in the pacific islands. in fiji, two successive cyclones and severe flooding in 2012 resulted in outbreaks with 576 reported cases and 7% case-fatality. we conducted a cross-sectional seroprevalence study and used an eco-epidemiological approach to characterize risk factors and drivers for human leptospirosis infection in fiji, and aimed to provide an evidence base for improving the effectiveness of public health mitigation and intervention strategi ... | 2016 | 26820752 |
| detection of pathogenic leptospires by loop-mediated isothermal amplification targeting lipl32 gene. | leptospirosis is a worldwide re-emerging infectious disease caused by pathogenic leptospires including leptospira interrogans. | 2015 | 26817214 |
| erratum for eshghi et al., leptospira interrogans lpxd homologue is required for thermal acclimatization and virulence. | 2016 | 26810749 | |
| conserved patterns of microbial immune escape: pathogenic microbes of diverse origin target the human terminal complement inhibitor vitronectin via a single common motif. | pathogenicity of many microbes relies on their capacity to resist innate immunity, and to survive and persist in an immunocompetent human host microbes have developed highly efficient and sophisticated complement evasion strategies. here we show that different human pathogens including gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, as well as the fungal pathogen candida albicans, acquire the human terminal complement regulator vitronectin to their surface. by using truncated vitronectin fragments we ... | 2016 | 26808444 |
| recovery of leptospires in short- and medium-term cryopreservation using different glycerol and dimethyl sulfoxide concentrations. | cryopreservation is a recognized method for the maintenance of leptospira collections. although cryoprotectants are commonly used in order to prevent or reduce the adverse effects of freezing, there is no consensus regarding the protocols of cryopreservation. this study aimed to compare cryopreservation protocols for leptospira using different glycerol and dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) concentrations. leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae, l. interrogans serovar bratislava, and l. borgp ... | 2016 | 26808330 |
| an evaluation of the accuracy and speed of metagenome analysis tools. | metagenome studies are becoming increasingly widespread, yielding important insights into microbial communities covering diverse environments from terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems to human skin and gut. with the advent of high-throughput sequencing platforms, the use of large scale shotgun sequencing approaches is now commonplace. however, a thorough independent benchmark comparing state-of-the-art metagenome analysis tools is lacking. here, we present a benchmark where the most widely used to ... | 2016 | 26778510 |
| impact of mated female nonproductive days in breeding herd after porcine epidemic diarrhea virus outbreak. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is an important pathogen that has a significant economic impact on the swine industry by imposing a high rate of mortality in suckling piglets. however, limited information on the productivity values of gilts and sows infected with pedv is available. here, we evaluate the productivity index in gilts and sows during the 1-year period before (19 january 2013 to 18 january 2014) and after (19 january 2014 to 18 january 2015) a pedv outbreak from a 2000-sow bre ... | 2016 | 26771383 |
| analysis of lexa binding sites and transcriptomics in response to genotoxic stress in leptospira interrogans. | we determined the effects of dna damage caused by ultraviolet radiation on gene expression in leptospira interrogans using dna microarrays. these data were integrated with dna binding in vivo of lexa1, a regulator of the dna damage response, assessed by chromatin immunoprecipitation and massively parallel dna sequencing (chip-seq). in response to dna damage, leptospira induced expression of genes involved in dna metabolism, in mobile genetic elements and defective prophages. the dna repair genes ... | 2016 | 26762976 |
| first overall report of leptospira infections in wild boars in poland. | recently an increase in the population of wild boars (sus scrofa) in europe has been observed. this is important from a zoonotic perspective because it influences directly on the spread of many diseases. for the first time, an extensive survey on the prevalence of leptospira infections in polish wild boars was performed. during the hunting season 2012-2014, 3621 blood samples from wild boars were collected. the animals originated from different geographical areas across poland. serum samples wer ... | 2015 | 26754249 |
| first overall report of leptospira infections in wild boars in poland. | recently an increase in the population of wild boars (sus scrofa) in europe has been observed. this is important from a zoonotic perspective because it influences directly on the spread of many diseases. for the first time, an extensive survey on the prevalence of leptospira infections in polish wild boars was performed. during the hunting season 2012-2014, 3621 blood samples from wild boars were collected. the animals originated from different geographical areas across poland. serum samples wer ... | 2015 | 26754249 |
| direct and absolute quantification of over 1800 yeast proteins via selected reaction monitoring. | defining intracellular protein concentration is critical in molecular systems biology. although strategies for determining relative protein changes are available, defining robust absolute values in copies per cell has proven significantly more challenging. here we present a reference data set quantifying over 1800saccharomyces cerevisiaeproteins by direct means using protein-specific stable-isotope labeled internal standards and selected reaction monitoring (srm) mass spectrometry, far exceeding ... | 2016 | 26750110 |
| parasitic and bacterial infections of myocastor coypus in a metropolitan area of northwestern italy. | coypus (myocastor coypus) are widespread throughout europe. in northern italy, they are abundant in the flatland areas, and their high population densities can cause economic loss and ecosystem damage. we examined 153 coypus for selected parasitic and bacterial infections. we found strongyloides myopotami (63.4% prevalence), trichostrongylus duretteae (28.1%), eimeria coypi (86.3%), and eimeria seideli (6.8%), but did not find giardia duodenalis or cryptosporidium spp. we also isolated staphyloc ... | 2016 | 26745834 |
| comparison of immunoprotection of leptospira recombinant proteins with conventional vaccine in experimental animals. | leptospirosis is a bacterial disease caused by bacteria of the genus leptospira affecting humans and animals. untreated leptospirosis may result in severe kidney damage, meningitis, liver failure, respiratory distress, and even death. virulent leptospirosis can rapidly enter kidney fibroblasts and induce a programmed cell death. thus, it is a challenge for immunologists to develop an effective and safe leptospirosis vaccine. here, we compared the commercial canine leptospira vaccine and recombin ... | 2015 | 26742322 |
| whole genome shotgun sequencing shows selection on leptospira regulatory proteins during in vitro culture attenuation. | leptospirosis is the most common zoonotic disease worldwide with an estimated 500,000 severe cases reported annually, and case fatality rates of 12-25%, due primarily to acute kidney and lung injuries. despite its prevalence, the molecular mechanisms underlying leptospirosis pathogenesis remain poorly understood. to identify virulence-related genes in leptospira interrogans, we delineated cumulative genome changes that occurred during serial in vitro passage of a highly virulent strain of l. int ... | 2016 | 26711524 |
| strengthening public health laboratory capacity in thailand for international health regulations (ihr) (2005). | thailand conducted a national laboratory assessment of core capacities related to the international health regulations (ihr) (2005), and thereby established a baseline to measure future progress. the assessment was limited to public laboratories found within the thai bureau of quality and safety of food, national institute of health and regional medical science centres. | 2014 | 26693144 |
| heterogenic colonization patterns by leptospira interrogans in rattus norvegicus from urban slums. | we evaluated the renal colonization by leptospira interrogans in rattus norvegicus (rats), as it is the major natural reservoir of urban leptospirosis. we caught 72 r. norvegicus, out of which 32 were found to be positive for l. interrogans by immunofluorescence assay. from these rats, we selected 17 and divided them into six groups based on the mass-age/sex. we performed the immunohistochemistry test against l. interrogans in the kidney sections of the rats and systematically counted the coloni ... | 2015 | 26691476 |
| differential toll-like receptor-signalling of burkholderia pseudomallei lipopolysaccharide in murine and human models. | the gram-negative bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei causes melioidosis and is a cdc category b bioterrorism agent. toll-like receptor (tlr)-2 impairs host defense during pulmonary b.pseudomallei infection while tlr4 only has limited impact. we investigated the role of tlrs in b.pseudomallei-lipopolysaccharide (lps) induced inflammation. purified b.pseudomallei-lps activated only tlr2-transfected-hek-cells during short stimulation but both hek-tlr2 and hek-tlr4-cells after 24 h. in human blood, ... | 2015 | 26689559 |
| occurrence of antibodies anti -toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum and leptospira interrogans in a captive deer herd in southern brazil. | a large number of brazilian zoos keep many endangered species of deer, however, very few disease surveillance studies have been conducted among captive cervids. blood samples from 32 brazilian deer (blastocerus dichotomus, mazama nana and mazama americana) kept in captivity at bela vista biological sanctuary (foz do iguaçu, brazil) were investigated for 10 ruminant pathogens, with the aims of monitoring deer health status and evaluating any potential zoonotic risk. deer serum samples were tested ... | 2015 | 26689185 |
| pyrf as a counterselectable marker for unmarked genetic manipulations in treponema denticola. | the pathophysiology of treponema denticola, an oral pathogen associated with both periodontal and endodontic infections, is poorly understood due to its fastidious growth and recalcitrance to genetic manipulations. counterselectable markers are instrumental in constructing clean and unmarked mutations in bacteria. here, we demonstrate that pyrf, a gene encoding orotidine-5'-monophosphate decarboxylase, can be used as a counterselectable marker in t. denticola to construct marker-free mutants. t. ... | 2016 | 26682856 |
| dna prime-protein boost based vaccination with a conserved region of leptospiral immunoglobulin-like a and b proteins enhances protection against leptospirosis. | leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the leptospira genus. vaccination with bacterins has severe limitations. here, we evaluated the n-terminal region of the leptospiral immunoglobulin-like b protein (ligbrep) as a vaccine candidate against leptospirosis using immunisation strategies based on dna prime-protein boost, dna vaccine, and subunit vaccine. upon challenge with a virulent strain ofleptospira interrogans, the prime-boost and dna vaccine approaches induc ... | 2015 | 26676320 |
| multiple specificities of immunoglobulin m in equine fetuses infected with leptospira interrogans indicate a competent immune response. | foals of mares infected with leptospira interrogans serovar pomona type kennewicki (lk) may be aborted/stillborn or delivered as healthy foals. is fetal survival explained in part by the immune response of the fetus to leptospira antigens? | 2016 | 26671764 |
| synthesis, characterization and immunological properties of escherichia coli 0157:h7 lipopolysaccharide- diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine. | escherichia coli o157:h7, an emerging pathogen, causes severe enteritis and the extraintestinal complication of hemolytic-uremic syndrome. the goal of this study was to evaluate the conjugate of e. coli o157: h7 lipopolysaccharide (lps) with diphtheria toxoid (dt) as a candidate vaccine in mice model. | 2015 | 26668702 |
| serologic survey and results of urinary pcr testing for leptospirosis in captive black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus). | leptospirosis is an important zoonotic disease occurring clinically and subclinically in humans and a wide variety of mammal species worldwide. often, rodents and wild animals are identified as important reservoirs for the disease. twenty-two captive black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus) housed within a zoo were examined as part of a routine census and preventive medicine program. during examinations, blood and urine were collected to screen for exposure to, or infection with, leptosp ... | 2015 | 26667541 |
| seroprevalence of nine leptospira interrogans serovars in wild carnivores, ungulates, and primates from a zoo population in a metropolitan region of chile. | serum samples from 130 individuals representing 42 species of carnivores, ungulates, and primates from a population of captive mammals in metropolitan region in chile were tested for antibodies against nine serovars of leptospira interrogans using the microscopic agglutination test. ten percent of the animals were seropositive to one or more serovars. seroprevalence was significantly higher in ungulates (20.4%) compared to carnivores (3.8%) and primates (3.4%). there were no significant differen ... | 2015 | 26667533 |
| isolation and clinical sample typing of human leptospirosis cases in argentina. | leptospira typing is carried out using isolated strains. because of difficulties in obtaining them, direct identification of infective leptospira in clinical samples is a high priority. multilocus sequence typing (mlst) proved highly discriminatory for seven pathogenic species of leptospira, allowing isolate characterization and robust assignment to species, in addition to phylogenetic evidence for the relatedness between species. in this study we characterized leptospira strains circulating in ... | 2016 | 26658064 |
| the recombinant lic10508 is a plasma fibronectin, plasminogen, fibrinogen and c4bp-binding protein of leptospira interrogans. | leptospirosis is a zoonosis caused by pathogenic leptospira spp. in this study, we report that the recombinant proteins lic10507, lic10508 and lic10509 are recognized by confirmed leptospirosis serum samples at both phases of the disease. the recombinant rlic10508 and rlic10507 are plasminogen (plg)-binding proteins, capable of generating plasmin in the presence of a plg activator. the proteins bind to plg in a dose-dependent and saturable manner, fulfilling host-ligand interaction. furthermore, ... | 2016 | 26657108 |
| trnas taking charge. | most bacterial toxins derived from chromosomally encoded toxin-antitoxin (ta) systems that have been studied to date appear to protect cells from relatively short pulses of stress by triggering a reversible state of growth arrest. in contrast to many bacterial toxins that are produced as defense mechanisms and secreted from their hosts, ta toxins exert their protective effect from within the cell that produces them. ta toxin-mediated growth arrest is most frequently achieved through their abilit ... | 2015 | 26657107 |
| trnas taking charge. | most bacterial toxins derived from chromosomally encoded toxin-antitoxin (ta) systems that have been studied to date appear to protect cells from relatively short pulses of stress by triggering a reversible state of growth arrest. in contrast to many bacterial toxins that are produced as defense mechanisms and secreted from their hosts, ta toxins exert their protective effect from within the cell that produces them. ta toxin-mediated growth arrest is most frequently achieved through their abilit ... | 2015 | 26657107 |
| multiple posttranslational modifications of leptospira biflexa proteins as revealed by proteomic analysis. | the saprophyte leptospira biflexa is an excellent model for studying the physiology of the medically important leptospira genus, the pathogenic members of which are more recalcitrant to genetic manipulation and have significantly slower in vitro growth. however, relatively little is known regarding the proteome of l. biflexa, limiting its utility as a model for some studies. therefore, we have generated a proteomic map of both soluble and membrane-associated proteins of l. biflexa during exponen ... | 2016 | 26655756 |
| [differential sensitivity of microorganisms to polyhexamethyleneguanidine]. | factors identified that affect the sensitivity of microorganisms to polyhexamethyleneguanidine (phmg). salts of phmg chloride, valerate, maleate, succinate was to use. test strains of esherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus, leptospira interrogans, paenibacillus larvae, mycobacterium bovis, m. avium, m. fortuitum, aspergillus niger and some strains of viruses are taken as objects of research. we have determined that the cytoplasm membrane phospholipids is main "target" for the po ... | 2015 | 26638480 |
| correction: fine mapping of the interaction between c4b-binding protein and outer membrane proteins liga and ligb of pathogenic leptospira interrogans. | 2015 | 26636670 | |
| leptospira interrogans lsa23 protein recruits plasminogen, factor h and c4bp from normal human serum and mediates c3b and c4b degradation. | it has been reported that pathogenic leptospira are resistant to normal human serum (nhs) due to their ability to evade the complement immune system by interacting with factor h (fh) and c4b-binding protein (c4bp) regulators. moreover, plasmin generation on the leptospiral surface diminishes c3b and igg deposition, decreasing opsonophagocytosis by immune competent cells. we have previously reported that lsa23 (lic11360) is a multipurpose protein capable of binding purified extracellular matrix m ... | 2016 | 26614523 |
| in vivo-expressed proteins of virulent leptospira interrogans serovar autumnalis n2 elicit strong igm responses of value in conclusive diagnosis. | leptospirosis is a serious zoonosis that is underdiagnosed because of limited access to laboratory facilities in southeast asia, central and south america, and oceania. timely diagnosis of locally distributed serovars of high virulence is crucial for successful care and outbreak management. using pooled patient sera, an expression gene library of a virulent leptospira interrogans serovar autumnalis strain n2 isolated in south india was screened. the identified genes were characterized, and the p ... | 2016 | 26607308 |
| evaluation of the leptospira interrogans outer membrane protein ompl37 as a vaccine candidate. | the identification of potential vaccine candidates against leptospirosis remains a challenge. however, one such candidate is ompl37, a potentially surface-exposed antigen that has the highest elastin-binding ability described to date, suggesting that it plays an important role in host colonization. in order to evaluate ompl37's ability to induce a protective immune response, prime-boost, dna and subunit vaccine strategies were tested in the hamster model of lethal leptospirosis. the humoral immu ... | 2015 | 26588685 |
| intestinal spirochaetes (genus brachyspira) colonise wild birds in the southern atlantic region and antarctica. | the genus brachyspira contains well-known enteric pathogens of veterinary significance, suggested agents of colonic disease in humans, and one potentially zoonotic agent. there are recent studies showing that brachyspira are more widespread in the wildlife community than previously thought. there are no records of this genus in wildlife from the southern atlantic region and antarctica. our aim was therefore, to determine whether intestinal spirochaetes of genus brachyspira colonise marine and co ... | 2015 | 26584828 |
| factors associated with severe leptospirosis, martinique, 2010-2013. | to identify factors associated with disease severity, we examined 102 patients with quantitative pcr-confirmed leptospirosis in martinique during 2010-2013. associated factors were hypotension, chest auscultation abnormalities, icterus, oligo/anuria, thrombocytopenia, prothrombin time <68%, high levels of leptospiremia, and infection with l. interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae/copenhageni. | 2015 | 26583702 |
| highly pathogenic leptospira found in urban brown rats (rattus norvegicus) in the largest cities of sweden. | leptospirosis is an emerging zoonosis of global concern; however, its contemporary occurrence in sweden, a european country partly located north of the arctic circle, is poorly known. four out of 30 brown rats, captured within urban districts in sweden, were found to be positive for antibodies to leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae. this serovar causes weil's disease in humans, a severe infection with jaundice, renal failure, and hemorrhage. our study is the first finding of this ... | 2015 | 26579782 |