Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| a closed-loop brain computer interface for real-time seizure detection and control. | the worldwide prevalence of epilepsy is approximately 1%, and 25% of epilepsy patients cannot be treated sufficiently by available therapies. brain stimulation with closed-loop seizure control has recently been proposed as an innovative and effective alternative. in this paper, a portable closed-loop brain computer interface for seizure control was developed and shown with several aspects of advantages, including high seizure detection rate (92-99% during wake-sleep states), low false detection ... | 2010 | 21096670 |
| tumor necrosis factor-alpha regulates the hypocretin system via mrna degradation and ubiquitination. | recent studies recognize that hypocretin system (also known as orexin) plays a critical role in sleep/wake disorders and feeding behaviors. however, little is known about the regulation of the hypocretin system. it is also known that tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-α) is involved in the regulation of sleep/wake cycle. here, we test our hypothesis that the hypocretin system is regulated by tnf-α. prepro-hypocretin and hypocretin receptor 2 (hcrtr2) can be detected at a very low level in rat b35 ... | 2010 | 21094253 |
| knockdown of orexin type 1 receptor in rat locus coeruleus increases rem sleep during the dark period. | the locus coeruleus (lc) regulates sleep/wakefulness and is densely innervated by orexinergic neurons in the lateral hypothalamus. here we used small interfering rnas (sirnas) to test the role of lc orexin type 1 receptor (oxr1) in sleep–wake control. in sleep studies, bilateral oxr1 sirna injections led to an increase of time spent in rapid eye movement (rem) sleep, which was selective for the dark (active) period, peaked at approximately 30% of control during the second dark period after injec ... | 2010 | 21089218 |
| the time course of adenosine, nitric oxide (no) and inducible no synthase changes in the brain with sleep loss and their role in the non-rapid eye movement sleep homeostatic cascade. | both adenosine and nitric oxide (no) are known for their role in sleep homeostasis, with the basal forebrain (bf) wakefulness center as an important site of action. previously, we reported a cascade of homeostatic events, wherein sleep deprivation (sd) induces the production of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos)-dependent no in bf, leading to enhanced release of extracellular adenosine. in turn, increased bf adenosine leads to enhanced sleep intensity, as measured by increased non-rapid eye ... | 2010 | 21062286 |
| [study of the protective effects of exogenous heat shock protein 70 kda in the model of sleep deprivation in pigeons columba livia]. | electroencephalographic methods were used to study effects of the preparation of the exogenous heat shock protein with molecular mass 70 kda (hsp70i/hsc70) on the time characteristics of sleep and waking, brain temperature, peripheral vasomotor reactions and thoracic muscle contractile activity after the 5-hour sleep deprivation in pigeons (columba livia). the microinjections of hsp70i/hsc70 were performed into the third brain ventricle after the end of sleep deprivation. it was shown that hsp70 ... | 2010 | 21061648 |
| the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus: from basic neuroscience to neurosurgical applications : arousal from slices to humans: implications for dbs. | one element of the reticular activating system (ras) is the pedunculopontine nucleus (ppn), which projects to the thalamus to trigger thalamocortical rhythms and the brainstem to modulate muscle tone and locomotion. the ppn is a posterior midbrain site known to induce locomotion in decerebrate animals when activated at 40-60 hz, and has become a target for dbs in disorders involving gait deficits. we developed a research program using brainstem slices containing the ppn to study the cellular and ... | 2010 | 20936418 |
| the effectiveness of local anesthetics in preventing postoperative adhesions in rat models. | intra-abdominal adhesions are fibrous bands that develop after abdominal surgery or inflammation and cause significant surgical morbidity and mortality. in this study, the effectiveness of lidocaine, prilocaine and bupivacaine in preventing experimental intra-abdominal adhesions in rats was studied. | 2010 | 20931255 |
| sleep deprivation triggers inducible nitric oxide-dependent nitric oxide production in wake-active basal forebrain neurons. | sleep loss negatively impacts performance, mood, memory, and immune function, but the homeostatic factors that impel sleep after sleep loss are imperfectly understood. pharmacological studies had implicated the basal forebrain (bf) inducible nitric oxide (no) synthase (inos)-dependent no as a key homeostatic factor, but its cellular source was obscure. to obtain direct evidence about the cellular source of inos-generated no during sleep deprivation (sd), we used intracerebroventricular perfusion ... | 2010 | 20926651 |
| ontogenetic differences in adolescent and adult c57bl/6j and dba/2j mice: anxiety-like, locomotor, and consummatory behaviors. | adolescence is a highly conserved period during which mammals undergo a number of hormonal, biological, and behavioral changes [spear [2000] neurosci. biobehav. rev. 24: 417-463]. ethical constraints limit the research that can be done in human adolescents. rodents provide a useful model of at least some of the features of adolescence, including increases in body growth, differences in sleep/wake, and eating patterns, as well as differences in risk-taking, novelty seeking, and exploratory behavi ... | 2010 | 20886536 |
| dynamics of sleep-wake cyclicity across the fetal period in sheep (ovis aries). | all adult mammals examined thus far exhibit sleep bout durations that follow an exponential distribution and wake bout durations that follow a power-law distribution. in altricial rodents such as rats and mice, exponential distributions of sleep bouts are found soon after birth, but the power-law distribution of wake bouts does not emerge until the third postnatal week. also, both sleep and bouts consolidate across the early postnatal period. it is not known whether similar developmental process ... | 2011 | 20886534 |
| wake-promoting agent modafinil worsened attentional performance following rem sleep deprivation in a young-adult rat model of 5-choice serial reaction time task. | individuals who experience sleep loss may exhibit certain physiological abnormalities. central stimulant drugs have been studied in sleep-loss conditions, and some of them might be therapeutically beneficial. modafinil (diphenyl-methyl-sulfinyl-2-acetamide, mod) has been increasingly employed for elevating alertness and vigilance in recent years, yet the underlying mechanism of actions for mod is not fully understood. | 2010 | 20865249 |
| photic induction of fos in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of african mole-rats: responses to increasing irradiance. | african mole-rats (family bathyergidae) are strictly subterranean rodent species that are rarely exposed to environmental light. morphological and physiological adaptations to the underground environment include a severely reduced eye size and regressed visual system. responses of the circadian system to light, however, appear to be intact, since mole-rats are able to entrain their circadian activity rhythms to the light-dark cycle and light induces fos expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus ... | 2010 | 20854133 |
| immunolocalization of the voltage-gated potassium channel kv2.2 in gabaergic neurons in the basal forebrain of rats and mice. | the kv2 voltage-gated potassium channels, kv2.1 and kv2.2, are important regulators of neuronal excitability in mammalian brain. it has been shown that kv2.1 channels are expressed in virtually all neurons in the brain. however, the cellular localization of kv2.2 has not been fully elucidated. in this article we report that kv2.2 is highly expressed in a subset of neurons in the magnocellular preoptic nucleus (mcpo) and the horizontal limb of the diagonal band of broca (hdb) of the basal forebra ... | 2010 | 20853508 |
| ampa receptor-mediated miniature epscs have heterogeneous time courses in orexin neurons. | glutamate plays a predominant role in regulating the activity of orexin neurons that coordinate motivated behaviors, sleep-wake cycle and autonomic functions. to gain more insight into the properties of excitatory transmission to orexin neurons, whole cell patch clamp recordings were made in rat brain slices and quantal analysis of pharmacologically isolated miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mepscs) was performed. in more than half the orexin neurons examined, mepscs showed heterogeneo ... | 2010 | 20816937 |
| acute mdma administration alters the distribution and circadian rhythm of wheel running activity in the rat. | ecstasy users report a number of adverse events following use including disturbed sleep. previous research has suggested that mdma affects the circadian system, however, the acute effects following a single, moderate dose have not been well characterised. the current study investigated how mdma affected the circadian system, as measured by the amount and temporal distribution of wheel-running activity in male rats (n=90), housed individually under a 12-12 h light-dark (ld) cycle prior to treatme ... | 2010 | 20816766 |
| role of adenosine and wake-promoting basal forebrain in insomnia and associated sleep disruptions caused by ethanol dependence. | insomnia is a severe symptom of alcohol withdrawal; however, the underlying neuronal mechanism is yet unknown. we hypothesized that chronic ethanol exposure will impair basal forebrain (bf) adenosinergic mechanism resulting in insomnia-like symptoms. we performed a series of experiments in sprague-dawley rats to test our hypothesis. we used majchrowicz's chronic binge ethanol protocol to induce ethanol dependency. our first experiment verified the effects of ethanol withdrawal on sleep-wakefulne ... | 2010 | 20807311 |
| dopamine enhances the excitability of somatosensory thalamocortical neurons. | the thalamus conveys sensory information from peripheral and subcortical regions to the neocortex in a dynamic manner that can be influenced by several neuromodulators. alterations in dopamine (da) receptor function in thalami of schizophrenic patients have recently been reported. in addition, schizophrenia is associated with sensory gating abnormalities and sleep-wake disturbances, thus we examined the role of da on neuronal excitability in somatosensory thalamus. the ventrobasal (vb) thalamus ... | 2010 | 20801197 |
| effect of modafinil on learning performance and neocortical long-term potentiation in rats. | modafinil is a novel wake-promoting agent whose effects on cognitive performance have begun to be addressed at both preclinical and clinical level. the present study was designed to investigate in rats the effects of chronic modafinil administration on cognitive performance by evaluating: (i) working and reference memories in an olton 4×4 maze, and (ii) learning of a complex operant conditioning task in a skinner box. in addition, the effect of modafinil on the ability of the rat frontal cortex ... | 2010 | 20800665 |
| effects of the 5-ht₆ receptor antagonists sb-399885 and ro-4368554 and of the 5-ht(2a) receptor antagonist emd 281014 on sleep and wakefulness in the rat during both phases of the light-dark cycle. | the effects of the 5-ht₆ receptor antagonists sb-399885 (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg) and ro-4368554 (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg) and of the 5-ht(2a) receptor antagonist emd 281014 (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg) were studied in rats implanted for chronic sleep procedures. administration of 10 mg/kg sb-399885, i.p., to rats 2 h after the beginning of the light phase of the light-dark cycle caused a significant increase of wakefulness (w) and a reduction of slow wave sleep (sws), rem sleep (rems) and the number of rem pe ... | 2011 | 20732355 |
| sleep alterations in an environmental neurotoxin-induced model of parkinsonism. | parkinson's disease (pd) is classically defined as a motor disorder resulting from decreased dopamine production in the basal ganglia circuit. in an attempt to better diagnose and treat pd before the onset of severe motor dysfunction, recent attention has focused on the early, non-motor symptoms, which include but are not limited to sleep disorders such as excessive daytime sleepiness (eds) and rem behavioral disorder (rbd). however, few animal models have been able to replicate both the motor a ... | 2010 | 20713046 |
| ectopic overexpression of orexin alters sleep/wakefulness states and muscle tone regulation during rem sleep in mice. | orexins (also called hypocretins), which are neuropeptides exclusively expressed by a population of neurons specifically localized in the lateral hypothalamic area, are critically implicated in the regulation of sleep/wake states. orexin deficiency results in narcoleptic phenotype in rodents, dogs, and humans, suggesting that orexins are important for maintaining consolidated wakefulness states. however, the physiological effect of constitutive increased orexinergic transmission tone, which migh ... | 2011 | 20711757 |
| hippocampal theta rhythm after serotonergic activation of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus in anesthetized rats. | the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (ppn), as a part of reticular formation activating system, is thought to be involved in the sleep/wake cycle regulation, and plays an important role in the generation and regulation of hippocampal rhythmical slow activity. the activity of ppn can be modulated by serotonergic system, mainly through multiple projections from raphe nuclei, which can influence ppn neurons through different classes of 5-ht receptors. in the present study, the effect of intra-ppn ... | 2010 | 20705121 |
| fast-spiking interneurons of the rat ventral striatum: temporal coordination of activity with principal cells and responsiveness to reward. | although previous in vitro studies revealed inhibitory synaptic connections of fast-spiking interneurons to principal cells in the striatum, uncertainty remains about the nature of the behavioural events that correlate with changes in interneuron activity and about the temporal coordination of interneuron firing with spiking of principal cells under natural conditions. using in vivo tetrode recordings from the ventral striatum in freely moving rats, fast-spiking neurons were distinguished from p ... | 2010 | 20704595 |
| sleep homeostasis in the rat is preserved during chronic sleep restriction. | sleep is homeostatically regulated in all animal species that have been carefully studied so far. the best characterized marker of sleep homeostasis is slow wave activity (swa), the eeg power between 0.5 and 4 hz during nonrapid eye movement (nrem) sleep. swa reflects the accumulation of sleep pressure as a function of duration and/or intensity of prior wake: it increases after spontaneous wake and short-term (3-24 h) sleep deprivation and decreases during sleep. however, recent evidence suggest ... | 2010 | 20696898 |
| in vitro characterization of t-type calcium channel antagonist tta-a2 and in vivo effects on arousal in mice. | t-type calcium channels have been implicated in many behaviorally important neurophysiological processes, and altered channel activity has been linked to the pathophysiology of neurological disorders such as insomnia, epilepsy, parkinson's disease, depression, schizophrenia, and pain. we have previously identified a number of potent and selective t-type channel antagonists (barrow et al., 2007; shipe et al., 2008; yang et al., 2008). here we describe the properties of the antagonist tta-a2 [2-(4 ... | 2010 | 20682849 |
| a critical role of sympathetic nerve regulation for the treatment of impaired daily rhythm in hypertensive dahl rats. | there is a deep relationship between impaired circadian rhythm and hypertension. however, the detailed mechanisms between the daily sleep-wake rhythm and cardiovascular disorders have not yet been elucidated. to clarify the mechanism, we examined salt-sensitive dahl rats that were fed normal chow (n=10), high-salt chow (n=10) and high-salt chow with bisoprolol (n=10). simultaneous electroencephalogram, electromyogram and locomotor activity were examined to analyze the sleep-wake state. we also e ... | 2010 | 20668456 |
| [neurochemical mechanisms of sleep regulation]. | sleep is a complex, global and reversible behavioral state of all mammals, that is homeostatically regulated. generally it is also defined as a rapidly reversible state of immobility and reduced sensory responsiveness. still, there is no definition that has succeded in satisfying all aspects of sleep. the failure to define sleep as a single behavior lies in several facts: (1) sleep is not a homogenous state, but continuum of number of mixed states; (2) the control mechanisms of sleep are manifes ... | 2009 | 20666118 |
| modafinil blocks reinstatement of extinguished opiate-seeking in rats: mediation by a glutamate mechanism. | opiate addiction is characterized by high rates of relapse even after long periods of abstinence, requiring new relapse-prevention treatments that do not have abuse potential. recently, clinical studies suggested that the wake-promoting drug modafinil might decrease relapse in cocaine addicts. in addition, group ii metabotropic glutamate receptors (mglu2/3r) have been suggested as a new therapeutic target for drug addiction. here, we investigated the ability of modafinil to prevent the acute mor ... | 2010 | 20631691 |
| orexin-b-saporin lesions in the lateral hypothalamus enhance photic masking of rapid eye movement sleep in the albino rat. | the 24-h distribution of rapid eye movement (rem) sleep is known to be deeply reshaped among albino rats with neurotoxic lesions in the lateral hypothalamus (lh) or among rodent models of human narcolepsy-cataplexy, with selective damage of orexinergic neurones. we explored the hypothesis that this phenomenon is explained by an enhancement of rem sleep photic masking, as a consequence of damage in the lh. orexin-b-saporin neurotoxic lesions were induced in the lh of male sprague-dawley rats. lh- ... | 2011 | 20626614 |
| chronic intermittent hypoxia alters density of aminergic terminals and receptors in the hypoglossal motor nucleus. | patients with obstructive sleep apnea (osa) adapt to the anatomical vulnerability of their upper airway by generating increased activity in upper airway-dilating muscles during wakefulness. norepinephrine (ne) and serotonin (5-ht) mediate, through α₁-adrenergic and 5-ht₂a receptors, a wake-related excitatory drive to upper airway motoneurons. in patients with osa, this drive is necessary to maintain their upper airway open. we tested whether chronic intermittent hypoxia (cih), a major pathogenic ... | 2010 | 20622040 |
| sleep-wakefulness in alcohol preferring and non-preferring rats following binge alcohol administration. | the alcohol-preferring (p) rat is a valid animal model of alcoholism. however, the effect of alcohol on sleep in p or alcohol non-preferring (np) rats is unknown. since alcohol consumption has tremendous impact on sleep, the present study compared the effects of binge alcohol administration on sleep-wakefulness in p and np rats. using standard surgical procedures, the p and np rats were bilaterally implanted with sleep recording electrodes. following post-operative recovery and habituation, pre- ... | 2010 | 20621165 |
| quinolinate induces selective loss of melanin-concentrating hormone neurons, rather than orexin neurons, in the hypothalamus of mice and young rats. | orexins are neuropeptides produced in the lateral hypothalamus and implicated in regulation of sleep-wake cycle. selective loss of orexin neurons is found in the brain of patients with narcolepsy, but the mechanisms of this pathological change are unclear. a previous study showed that excessive stimulation of n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptors by quinolinic acid (qa) caused selective loss of orexin neurons in rat hypothalamic slice culture. here we examined qa toxicity on orexin neurons and m ... | 2010 | 20620197 |
| novel localization of orexin a in the tubular cytotypes of the rat testis. | the hypothalamic peptides orexin a (oxa) and orexin b (oxb), deriving from the proteolytic cleavage of the precursor molecule prepro-orexin, have also been localized in multiple cerebral areas and peripheral organs. they regulate food intake, arterial blood pressure, heart rate, sleep/wake cycle, sexual behavior, arousal, and the hypothalamic/hypophyseal axes. prepro-orexin mrna expression and oxa-immunoreactivity were previously detected in the rat testis at different ages of postnatal developm ... | 2010 | 20619297 |
| benzodiazepine receptor agonists cause drug-specific and state-specific alterations in eeg power and acetylcholine release in rat pontine reticular formation. | benzodiazepine (bdz) and non-benzodiazepine (nbdz) hypnotics enhance gabaergic transmission and are widely used for the treatment of insomnia. in the pontine reticular formation (prf), gaba inhibits rapid eye movement (rem) sleep and acetylcholine (ach) release. no previous studies have characterized the effects of bdz and nbdz hypnotics on ach release in the prf. this study tested 2 hypotheses: (1) that microdialysis delivery of zolpidem, eszopiclone, and diazepam to rat prf alters ach release ... | 2010 | 20614851 |
| optimized single electroencephalogram channel sleep staging in rats. | most studies of sleep staging in rats use both multichannels electroencephalogram (eeg) and electromyogram (emg), so it would be convenient and meaningful in some fields if sleep staging in rats could be realized using a single eeg channel. in this study, we used a single bipolar cortical eeg electrode at the frontal-parietal location with a 0.5-30 hz filter band and a clustering sleep-staging algorithm including seven classification parameters. the agreements between the computer and two indepe ... | 2010 | 20610470 |
| gabaergic neurons intermingled with orexin and mch neurons in the lateral hypothalamus discharge maximally during sleep. | the lateral hypothalamus (lh), where wake-active orexin (orx)-containing neurons are located, has been considered a waking center. yet, melanin-concentrating hormone (mch)-containing neurons are codistributed therein with orx neurons and, in contrast to them, are active during sleep, not waking. in the present study employing juxtacellular recording and labeling of neurons with neurobiotin (nb) in naturally sleeping-waking head-fixed rats, we identified another population of intermingled sleep-a ... | 2010 | 20597977 |
| sleep and brain energy levels: atp changes during sleep. | sleep is one of the most pervasive biological phenomena, but one whose function remains elusive. although many theories of function, indirect evidence, and even common sense suggest sleep is needed for an increase in brain energy, brain energy levels have not been directly measured with modern technology. we here report that atp levels, the energy currency of brain cells, show a surge in the initial hours of spontaneous sleep in wake-active but not in sleep-active brain regions of rat. the surge ... | 2010 | 20592221 |
| mammalian sleep dynamics: how diverse features arise from a common physiological framework. | mammalian sleep varies widely, ranging from frequent napping in rodents to consolidated blocks in primates and unihemispheric sleep in cetaceans. in humans, rats, mice and cats, sleep patterns are orchestrated by homeostatic and circadian drives to the sleep-wake switch, but it is not known whether this system is ubiquitous among mammals. here, changes of just two parameters in a recent quantitative model of this switch are shown to reproduce typical sleep patterns for 17 species across 7 orders ... | 2010 | 20585613 |
| age-related changes during a paradigm of chronic sleep restriction. | fragmented and restricted sleep is a common problem for the human elderly. there is evidence that aging impairs sleep in animals as well. after sleep deprivation, older animals have less sleep rebound. despite increasing complaints of reduced time for sleep in contemporary society, few studies have examined chronic sleep restriction protocols in animals. therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of chronic sleep restriction on the sleep patterns of aged rats. using the ... | 2010 | 20580748 |
| direct evidence for wake-related increases and sleep-related decreases in synaptic strength in rodent cortex. | despite evidence that waking is associated with net synaptic potentiation and sleep with depression, direct proof for changes in synaptic currents is lacking in large brain areas such as the cerebral cortex. by recording miniature epscs (mepscs) from frontal cortex slices of mice and rats that had been awake or asleep, we found that the frequency and amplitude of mepscs increased after waking and decreased after sleep, independent of time of day. recovery sleep after deprivation also decreased m ... | 2010 | 20573912 |
| endogenous melatonin is not obligatory for the regulation of the rat sleep-wake cycle. | though melatonin and melatonin receptor agonists are in clinical use and under development for treating insomnia, the role of endogenous melatonin in the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle remains uncertain. some clinical case reports suggest that reduced nocturnal melatonin secretion is linked to sleep disruption, but pineal-gland removal in experimental animals has given variable results. | 2010 | 20550025 |
| antagonism of rat orexin receptors by almorexant attenuates central chemoreception in wakefulness in the active period of the diurnal cycle. | central chemoreception, the highly sensitive ventilatory response to small changes in co(2)/ph, involves many sites. hypothalamic orexin neurons are co(2) sensitive in vitro, prepro-orexin knockout mice have a reduced co(2) response prominently in wakefulness, and focal antagonism of the orexin receptor 1 (ox(1)r) in two central chemoreceptor sites, the retrotrapezoid nucleus (rtn) or the medullary raphé, results in a reduction of the co(2) response predominately in wakefulness (-30% and -16%, r ... | 2010 | 20547681 |
| orexin-a and respiration in a rat model of smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | 1. orexins are neuropeptides synthesized in the hypothalamus that regulate many physiological functions, including energy homeostasis, stress responses, sleep/wake states etc. it is now emerging that orexins may also regulate breathing, but little is known as to how they do this, particularly in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). in the present study, we used a rat model of cigarette smoke-induced copd to investigate orexin-a expression in the hypothalamus and medulla and its effect o ... | 2010 | 20528981 |
| elevated sleep quality and orexin receptor mrna in obesity-resistant rats. | to determine if resistance to weight gain is associated with alterations in sleep-wake states and orexin receptor gene expression. | 2010 | 20498657 |
| [effects of crf receptor antagonist on rem sleep in neonatal rat]. | to observe the role of nb127914, a crf r1 receptor antagonist, in the regulation of neonatal sleep/wake cycle. | 2010 | 20476575 |
| low brain allopregnanolone levels mediate flattened circadian activity associated with memory impairments in aged rats. | sleep and cognitive impairments are two of the most prevalent neuropsychiatric disorders in the aged population. age-related memory dysfunctions can result from alterations in sleep/wake circadian rhythm. however, the underlying mechanism of these alterations is unknown. here, we demonstrate the role of alterations in brain steroid levels in age-related sleep-dependent memory impairment in rats. | 2010 | 20471631 |
| effect of ethanol on sleep-awake state in sleep-disturbed rats. | the present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of ethanol on the sleep-wake cycle in normal rats and sleep-disturbed rats. in normal rats, no significant difference was observed by ethanol in sleep latency, total awake time and total non-rapid eye movement (nrem) sleep time, except for total rem sleep time. on the other hand, in sleep-disturbed rats, ethanol at doses of 1 and 2 g/kg caused significant decreases in sleep latency and total wake time, and an increase in total nrem sleep ... | 2010 | 20460765 |
| [the myelin mutant taiep as a model for abscence crisis]. | taiep rat is a myelin mutant rat with hypomyelination followed by progressive demyelination. this mutant presents cortical discharges with a spindle form, with an ascending and descending phases similar to absence epilepsy. | 2010 | 20422929 |
| hippocampal adult neurogenesis is enhanced by chronic eszopiclone treatment in rats. | the adult hippocampal dentate gyrus (dg) exhibits cell proliferation and neurogenesis throughout life. we examined the effects of daily administration of eszopiclone (esz), a commonly used hypnotic drug and gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) agonist, compared with vehicle, on dg cell proliferation and neurogenesis, and on sleep-wake patterns. esz was administered during the usual sleep period of rats, to mimic typical use in humans. esz treatment for 7 days did not affect the rate of cell proliferat ... | 2010 | 20408925 |
| time of day differences in the number of cytokine-, neurotrophin- and neun-immunoreactive cells in the rat somatosensory or visual cortex. | sensory input to different cortical areas differentially varies across the light-dark cycle and likely is responsible, in part, for activity-dependent changes in time-of-day differences in protein expression such as fos. in this study we investigate time-of-day differences between dark (just before light onset) and light (just before dark onset) for the number of immunoreactive (ir) neurons that stained for tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnfalpha), interleukin-1 beta (il1 beta), nerve growth facto ... | 2010 | 20398636 |
| hypothalamic osmoregulation is maintained across the wake-sleep cycle in the rat. | in different species, rapid eye movement sleep (rems) is characterized by a thermoregulatory impairment. it has been postulated that this impairment depends on a general insufficiency in the hypothalamic integration of autonomic function. this study aims to test this hypothesis by assessing the hypothalamic regulation of body fluid osmolality during the different wake-sleep states in the rat. arginine-vasopressin (avp) plasma levels were determined following intracerebroventricular (icv) infusio ... | 2010 | 20374448 |
| role of wake-promoting basal forebrain and adenosinergic mechanisms in sleep-promoting effects of ethanol. | ethanol intake has significant impact on sleep. however, the cellular substrates responsible for sleep promotion following ethanol intake are unknown. the purine nucleoside, adenosine, is responsible for mediating many neuronal and behavioral responses to ethanol. studies performed in cell cultures suggest that ethanol inhibits equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 to block the reuptake of adenosine resulting in increased extracellular adenosine. adenosine also has a pivotal role in sleep regul ... | 2010 | 20374215 |
| orexins and gastrointestinal functions. | orexin a (oxa) and orexin b (oxb) are recently discovered neuropeptides that appear to play a role in various distinct functions such as arousal and the sleep-wake cycle as well as on appetite and regulation of feeding and energy homeostasis. orexins were first described as neuropeptides expressed by a specific population of neurons in the lateral hypothalamic area, a region classically implicated in feeding behaviour. orexin neurons project to numerous brain regions, where orexin receptors have ... | 2010 | 20353399 |
| modafinil effects on reinstatement of methamphetamine seeking in a rat model of relapse. | modafinil (provigil) is a wake-promoting drug characterized by cognitive enhancing abilities. recent clinical data have supported the use of modafinil for treatment of chronic psychostimulant addiction and relapse prevention. | 2010 | 20352413 |
| psychostimulant-like discriminative stimulus and locomotor sensitization properties of the wake-promoting agent modafinil in rodents. | the present studies assessed the potential abuse liability and likely mechanism(s) of action of the wake-promoting agent modafinil. | 2010 | 20346966 |
| effects of quercetin on the sleep-wake cycle in rats: involvement of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor type a in regulation of rapid eye movement sleep. | the bioflavonoid quercetin is widely found in plants and exerts a large number of biological activities such as anti-hypertensive and anti-inflammatory properties. however, the effect of quercetin on the sleep-wake cycle has not been investigated. in the present study, we investigated the effect of quercetin on sleep-wake regulation. intraperitoneal administration of quercetin (200mg/kg) significantly increased non-rapid eye movement (non-rem) sleep during dark period in rats, while it significa ... | 2010 | 20303338 |
| the role of the pontine respiratory complex in the response to intermittent hypoxia. | these experiments were designed to determine the effects of eeg state on the response of rats to intermittent hypoxia and to test the hypotheses that short-term potentiation (stp) and ventilatory long term facilitation (vltf) are state dependent; and that neurons with nmda receptors in the dorso-ventral pontine respiratory group (dvprg) modulate the development of stp and vltf in rats. low-doses of urethane anaesthesia (<1.3g/kg) that do not cause significant respiratory depression or reductions ... | 2010 | 20223300 |
| gabaergic regulation of the perifornical-lateral hypothalamic neurons during non-rapid eye movement sleep in rats. | the perifornical-lateral hypothalamic area (pf-lha) has been implicated in the regulation of behavioral arousal. the pf-lha predominantly contains neurons that are active during behavioral and cortical activation and quiescent during non-rapid eye movement (nonrem) sleep, that is, are nonrem-off neurons. some in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that pf-lha neurons, including hypocretin-expressing neurons, are under gabaergic control. however, a role of gaba in suppressing the discharge of pf-l ... | 2010 | 20188152 |
| neuroglobin expression in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus: colocalization, innervation, and response to light. | neuroglobin (ngb) is a myoglobin-like (mb) heme-globin, belonging the globin family located only in neuronal tissue of the central nervous system. ngb has been shown to be upregulated in and to protect neurons from hypoxic and ischemic injury, but the function of ngb-in particular how ngb may protect neurons-remains largely elusive. we have previously described the localization of ngb in the rat brain and found it to be expressed in areas primarily involved in sleep/wake, circadian, and food reg ... | 2010 | 20187147 |
| cholinergic modulation of fast inhibitory and excitatory transmission to pedunculopontine thalamic projecting neurons. | the pedunculopontine nucleus (ppn) is part of the cholinergic arm of the reticular activating system, which is mostly active during waking and rapid-eye movement sleep. the ppn projects to the thalamus and receives cholinergic inputs from the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus and contralateral ppn. we employed retrograde labeling and whole cell recordings to determine the modulation of gabaergic, glycinergic, and glutamatergic transmission to ppn thalamic projecting neurons, and their postsynaptic ... | 2010 | 20181729 |
| effects of eszopiclone and zolpidem on sleep-wake behavior, anxiety-like behavior and contextual memory in rats. | at present, eszopiclone and zolpidem are the most commonly prescribed drugs for treating insomnia. despite the established relationship between sleep disturbance and anxiety, it remains unknown whether targeted treatment for insomnia may affect acute anxiety. therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the effects of three different doses (1, 3, and 10mg/kg) of eszopiclone and zolpidem on the states of sleep and wakefulness, levels of anxiety-like behavior, and long-term contextual mem ... | 2010 | 20153782 |
| the role of dorsal raphe nucleus serotonergic and non-serotonergic neurons, and of their receptors, in regulating waking and rapid eye movement (rem) sleep. | based on electrophysiological, neurochemical, genetic and neuropharmacological approaches it is currently accepted that serotonin (5-ht) functions to promote waking (w) and to inhibit rapid-eye movement sleep (rems). the serotonin-containing neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus (drn) provide part of the serotonergic innervation of the telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon and rhombencephalon of laboratory animals and man. the drn has been subdivided into several clusters on the basis of diff ... | 2010 | 20153670 |
| brainstem and hypothalamic regulation of sleep pressure and rebound in newborn rats. | sleep pressure and rebound comprise the two compensatory or "homeostatic" responses to sleep deprivation. although sleep pressure is expressed by infant rats as early as postnatal day (p)5, sleep rebound does not appear to emerge until after p11. we reexamined the developmental expression of these sleep-regulatory processes in p2 and p8 rats by depriving them of sleep for 30 min using a cold, arousing stimulus delivered to a cold-sensitive region of the snout. this method effectively increased s ... | 2010 | 20141281 |
| [response of hypothalamic orexin-containing neurons to stimuli of antigen and non-antigen nature]. | orexin is a hypothalamic peptide, a neurotransmitter described in 1998. orexinergic neurons are localized in hypothalamic structures and play a significant role in regulation of various physiological functions. the localization oforexin-containing neurons and their projections in hypothalamus of wistar rats and other structures of cns are presented. the participation of orexinergic neurons in the regulation of feeding behavior and in the sleep/wake cycle as well as their involvement in the regul ... | 2009 | 20141042 |
| coupling changes in cortical and pontine sigma and theta frequency oscillations following monoaminergic lesions in rat. | sigma and theta frequency electroencephalogram (eeg) oscillations exhibit substantial and well-recognized shifts with transitions across sleep and wake states. we aimed in this study to test the changes in coupling between these characteristic oscillations of non-rapid-eye-movement (nrem)/rapid-eye-movement (rem) sleep within and between cortical and pontine eegs following monoaminergic lesion, by using the pearson's product-moment correlation coefficients. | 2010 | 20135235 |
| the sleep-wake cycle in adult rats following pilocarpine-induced temporal lobe epilepsy. | the relationship between sleep and epilepsy is both complex and clinically significant. temporal lobe epilepsy (tle) influences sleep architecture, while sleep plays an important role in facilitating and/or inhibiting possible epileptic seizures. the pilocarpine experimental model reproduces several features of human temporal lobe epilepsy and is one of the most widely used models in basic research. the aim of the present study was to characterize, behaviorally and electrophysiologically, the ph ... | 2010 | 20133208 |
| wake promoting effects of cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript (cart). | cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (cart) peptides modulate anxiety, food intake, endocrine function, and mesolimbic dopamine related reward and reinforcement. each of these disparate behaviors takes place during the state of wakefulness. here, we identify a potential wake promoting role of cart by characterizing its effects upon sleep/wake architecture in rats. dose-dependent increases in wake were documented following intracerebroventricular cart 55-102 administered at the beginning ... | 2010 | 20116848 |
| a1 receptor mediated adenosinergic regulation of perifornical-lateral hypothalamic area neurons in freely behaving rats. | the perifornical-lateral hypothalamic area (pf-lha) plays a central role in the regulation of behavioral arousal. the pf-lha contains several neuronal types including wake-active hypocretin (hcrt) neurons that have been implicated in the promotion and/or maintenance of behavioral arousal. adenosine is an endogenous sleep factor and recent evidence suggests that activation and blockade of adenosine a(1) receptors within the pf-lha promote and suppress sleep, respectively. although, an in vitro st ... | 2010 | 20109537 |
| anatomically specific patterns of glial activation in the periaqueductal gray of the sub-population of rats showing pain and disability following chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve. | neuropathic pain conditions for which treatment is sought are characterized by complex behavioural disturbances, as well as "pain." recent studies using chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve have shown that rats develop three distinct patterns of disability characterized by changes in social-interactions and sleep-wake cycle behaviours post-injury: (i) persistent disability, (ii) transient disability and (iii) no disability. these patterns occur despite all rats showing identical leve ... | 2010 | 20109535 |
| simulating microinjection experiments in a novel model of the rat sleep-wake regulatory network. | this study presents a novel mathematical modeling framework that is uniquely suited to investigating the structure and dynamics of the sleep-wake regulatory network in the brain stem and hypothalamus. it is based on a population firing rate model formalism that is modified to explicitly include concentration levels of neurotransmitters released to postsynaptic populations. using this framework, interactions among primary brain stem and hypothalamic neuronal nuclei involved in rat sleep-wake regu ... | 2010 | 20107121 |
| basal ganglia control of sleep-wake behavior and cortical activation. | the basal ganglia (bg) are involved in numerous neurobiological processes that operate on the basis of wakefulness, including motor function, learning, emotion and addictive behaviors. we hypothesized that the bg might play an important role in the regulation of wakefulness. to test this prediction, we made cell body-specific lesions in the striatum and globus pallidus (gp) using ibotenic acid. we found that rats with striatal (caudoputamen) lesions exhibited a 14.95% reduction in wakefulness an ... | 2010 | 20105243 |
| propofol anesthesia significantly alters plasma blood levels of melatonin in rats. | general anesthesia combined with surgery has been shown to decrease the nocturnal peak of melatonin in patients. however, the role of anesthesia itself on melatonin secretion remains unknown. we previously showed that anesthesia induced by propofol modifies the circadian time structure in both rats and humans and phase advances the circadian rest-activity rhythm in rats. in this study, we examined the secretion of melatonin during 24 h after a 30-min propofol anesthesia in rats. | 2010 | 20098135 |
| functional correlates of activity in neurons projecting from the lamina terminalis to the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray. | the lamina terminalis (lt) consists of the organum vasculosum of the lt (ovlt), the median preoptic nucleus (mnpo) and the subfornical organ (sfo). all subdivisions of the lt project to the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlpag). the lt and the vlpag are implicated in several homeostatic and behavioral functions, including body fluid homeostasis, thermoregulation and the regulation of sleep and waking. by combining visualization of c-fos protein and retrograde neuroanatomical tracer we have e ... | 2009 | 20092577 |
| too much of a good thing? elevated baseline sleep spindles predict poor avoidance performance in rats. | sleep spindles may be involved in synaptic plasticity. learning-dependent increases in spindles have been observed in both humans and rats. in humans, the innate (i.e., baseline) number of spindles correlate with measures of academic potential such as intelligence quotient (iq) tests. the present study investigated if spindles predict whether rats are able to learn to make avoidance responses in the two-way shuttle task. baseline recordings were taken continuously for 24h prior to training on th ... | 2010 | 20083090 |
| cholinergic modulation of neuronal excitability in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus. | the central cholinergic system regulates both the circadian clock and sleep-wake cycle and may participate in the feedback control of vigilance states on neural excitability in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (scn) that houses the circadian clock. here we investigate the mechanisms for cholinergic modulation of scn neuron excitability. cell-attached recordings indicate that the nonspecific cholinergic agonist carbachol (cch) inhibited 55% and excited 21% scn neurons, leaving 24% nonresponsive. simil ... | 2010 | 20071625 |
| cortico-pontine theta synchronization phase shift following monoaminergic lesion in rat. | the experiments were performed in 14 adult, male sprague dawley rats chronically instrumented for sleep recording and recorded during baseline condition, following sham injection (saline i.p. 1 ml/kg), and every week for 5 weeks following injection of the systemic neurotoxins (dsp-4 or pca; 1 ml/kg, i.p.) for chemical axotomy of the locus coeruleus (lc) and dorsal raphe (dr) axon terminals. in our former study we demonstrated that the systemically induced lesion of the noradrenergic or serotoner ... | 2009 | 20065500 |
| orexin-1 receptor co-localizes with pancreatic hormones in islet cells and modulates the outcome of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. | recent studies have shown that orexins play a critical role in the regulation of sleep/wake states, feeding behaviour, and reward processes. the exocrine and endocrine pancreas are involved in the regulation of food metabolism and energy balance. this function is deranged in diabetes mellitus. this study examined the pattern of distribution of orexin-1 receptor (ox1r) in the endocrine cells of the pancreas of normal and diabetic wistar (a model of type 1 diabetes), goto-kakizaki (gk, a model of ... | 2010 | 20062799 |
| activation of 5-ht3 receptors leads to altered responses 6 months after mdma treatment. | the recreational drug "ecstasy" [3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (mdma)] has a well-characterised neurotoxic effect on the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht) neurons in animals. despite intensive studies, the long-term functional consequencies of the 5-ht neurodegeneration remains elusive. the aim of this study was to investigate whether any alteration of 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 (5-ht(3)) receptor functions on the sleep-wake cycle, motor activity, and quantitative eeg could be detected 6 months after a ... | 2010 | 20052506 |
| almorexant, a dual orexin receptor antagonist for the treatment of insomnia. | almorexant (act-078573) is an orally active dual orexin receptor antagonist that is being developed by actelion ltd, in collaboration with glaxosmithkline plc, for the treatment of primary insomnia. almorexant is a first-in-class compound that targets the orexin system, which plays a key role in wake promotion and stabilization, in addition to having other regulatory functions. decreasing orexin activity was hypothesized to have a sleep-promoting effect. preclinical studies and phase i clinical ... | 2010 | 20047164 |
| neonatal maternal separation disrupts regulation of sleep and breathing in adult male rats. | neonatal maternal separation (nms) disrupts development of cardiorespiratory regulation. adult male rats previously subjected to nms are hypertensive and show a hypoxic ventilatory response greater than that of controls. these results have been obtained in awake or anesthetised animals, and the consequences of nms on respiratory control during normal sleep are unknown. this study tested the following. | 2009 | 20041597 |
| chronic hyperammonemia alters the circadian rhythms of corticosteroid hormone levels and of motor activity in rats. | patients with liver cirrhosis may present hepatic encephalopathy with a wide range of neurological disturbances and alterations in sleep quality and in the sleep-wake circadian rhythm. hyperammonemia is a main contributor to the neurological alterations in hepatic encephalopathy. we have assessed, in an animal model of chronic hyperammonemia without liver failure, the effects of hyperammonemia per se on the circadian rhythms of motor activity, temperature, and plasma levels of adrenal corticoste ... | 2010 | 19998493 |
| nicotine and fluoxetine induce arousing effects on sleep-wake cycle in antidepressive doses: a possible mechanism of antidepressant-like effects of nicotine. | a number of studies have reported an association between smoking and depression, and several reports suggest that nicotine (nic) may act as an antidepressant. the present study was designed to determine whether the effects of nic on sleep-wake patterns in rats are similar to those of the antidepressant fluoxetine (flx), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. male rats were chronically implanted with a standard set of electrodes for sleep recording. we compared the effects of antidepressive do ... | 2010 | 19931302 |
| the roles of dopamine transport inhibition and dopamine release facilitation in wake enhancement and rebound hypersomnolence induced by dopaminergic agents. | rebound hypersomnolence (rhs: increased sleep following increased wake) is a limiting side-effect of many wake-promoting agents. in particular, rhs in the first few hours following wake appears to be associated with dopamine (da)-releasing agents, e.g., amphetamine, but whether it can also be produced by da transporter (dat) inhibition alone is unknown. in these studies, da-releasing and dat-inhibiting agents and their interaction were systematically examined for their ability to increase wake a ... | 2009 | 19928382 |
| modification of sleep architecture in an animal model of experimental cirrhosis. | to analyze the polygraphic sleep patterns during cirrhosis progression in a rat model by repeated ccl(4) administration. | 2009 | 19891016 |
| growth hormone-releasing hormone activates sleep regulatory neurons of the rat preoptic hypothalamus. | we examined whether growth hormone-releasing hormone (ghrh) may promote non-rapid eye movement (nrem) sleep via activation of gabaergic neurons in the preoptic area. male sprague-dawley rats were implanted with eeg, emg electrodes and a unilateral intracerebroventricular cannula. groups of rats received injections (3 microl icv) with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (ghrh) (0.1 nmol/100 g body wt) or equal volume of physiological saline at the onset of the dark period and were permitted spontaneou ... | 2010 | 19889861 |
| effects of anti-dementia drugs on morphine-induced somnolence. | the present study was undertaken to investigate the characteristics of morphine in rat sleep patterns and also the effects of donepezil and memantine on somnolence caused by morphine. electrodes were chronically implanted into the cortex and dorsal neck muscle of rats for electroencephalogram (eeg) and electromyogram (emg) recordings, respectively. eeg and emg were recorded with an electroencephalograph. sleepsigh ver.2.0 was used to analyse the sleep-wake state. total times of wakefulness, non- ... | 2009 | 19881298 |
| hypnotic and sleep quality-enhancing properties of kavain in sleep-disturbed rats. | the present study was performed to investigate the effects of kavain on the sleep-wake cycle in comparison with that of rilmazafone and diphenhydramine using sleep-disturbed rats. electrodes for the electroencephalogram (eeg) and electromyogram (emg) were implanted into wistar rats. total awake time, non-rapid eye movement (non-rem) sleep and rapid eye movement (rem) sleep were measured for 6 h. kavain and rilmazafone showed a significant shortening in sleep latency, decreased awake time, and in ... | 2009 | 19881224 |
| the scn-independent clocks, methamphetamine and food restriction. | the circadian system in mammals consists of the central clock in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (scn) and the peripheral clocks in a variety of tissues and organs. the scn clock entrains to a light-dark cycle and resets the peripheral clocks. in addition, there are at least two other clocks in the circadian domain which are independent of the scn and which entrain to nonphotic time cues: methamphetamine (map)-induced and restricted daily feeding (rf)-induced clocks. neither the site no ... | 2009 | 19878275 |
| developmental and aging change of orexin-a and -b immunoreactive neurons in the male rat hypothalamus. | orexin/hypocretin is indicated to affect various physiological functions and behaviors, such as energy balance, feeding, wake-sleep cycle, stress response, and reproduction. this study investigated postnatal development and aging changes of the orexin neuron in the male rat hypothalamus. the brain tissue of rats from 1 week to 24 months old was analyzed by immunohistochemistry for two forms of orexin peptides, orexin-a and -b. the number of immunoreactive cells for each age group was counted and ... | 2010 | 19857552 |
| modulation of genioglossus muscle activity across sleep-wake states by histamine at the hypoglossal motor pool. | histamine neurons comprise a major component of the aminergic arousal system and significantly influence sleep-wake states, with antihistamines widely used as sedative hypnotics. unlike the serotonergic and noradrenergic components of this arousal system, however, the role of histamine in the central control of respiratory motor activity has not been determined. the aims of this study were to characterize the effects of histamine receptor agonists and antagonists at the hypoglossal motor pool on ... | 2009 | 19848360 |
| involvement of sympathetic function in the sleep-related change of gastric myoelectrical activity in rats. | the gastric myoelectrical activity (gma) fluctuates across sleep-wake states as a result of modulation by the brain-gut axis. the role of the autonomic nervous system in this phenomenon, however, was not elucidated fully. through simultaneous recording and subsequent continuous power spectral analysis of electroencephalogram, electromyogram, electrocardiogram and electrogastromyogram (egmg) in 16 freely moving wistar rats, the sleep-wake states of the animals were defined and indices of cardiac ... | 2010 | 19845848 |
| circadian modulation of gene expression, but not glutamate uptake, in mouse and rat cortical astrocytes. | circadian clocks control daily rhythms including sleep-wake, hormone secretion, and metabolism. these clocks are based on intracellular transcription-translation feedback loops that sustain daily oscillations of gene expression in many cell types. mammalian astrocytes display circadian rhythms in the expression of the clock genes period1 (per1) and period2 (per2). however, a functional role for circadian oscillations in astrocytes is unknown. because uptake of extrasynaptic glutamate depends on ... | 2009 | 19829696 |
| disruption of ripple-associated hippocampal activity during rest impairs spatial learning in the rat. | the hippocampus plays a key role in the acquisition of new memories for places and events. evidence suggests that the consolidation of these memories is enhanced during sleep. at the neuronal level, reactivation of awake experience in the hippocampus during sharp-wave ripple events, characteristic of slow-wave sleep, has been proposed as a neural mechanism for sleep-dependent memory consolidation. however, a causal relation between sleep reactivation and memory consolidation has not been establi ... | 2010 | 19816984 |
| halothane-induced hypnosis is not accompanied by inactivation of orexinergic output in rodents. | one underexploited property of anesthetics is their ability to probe neuronal regulation of arousal. at appropriate doses, anesthetics reversibly obtund conscious perception. however, individual anesthetic agents may accomplish this by altering the function of distinct neuronal populations. previously the authors showed that isoflurane and sevoflurane inhibit orexinergic neurons, delaying reintegration of sensory perception as denoted by emergence. here the authors study the effects of halothane ... | 2009 | 19809293 |
| stomach nematodes (mastophorus muris) in rats (rattus rattus) are associated with coconut (cocos nucifera) habitat at palmyra atoll. | black rats ( rattus rattus ) and their stomach nematodes (mastophorus muris) were historically introduced to islets at palmyra atoll in the central pacific line islands. to investigate patterns of parasitism, we trapped rats and quantified nematodes on 13 islets of various sizes and habitat types. most rats were parasitized (59%) with an average of 12 worms per infected rat. islet size did not greatly influence parasite population biology. nematodes also did not appear to affect rat condition (w ... | 2010 | 19799487 |
| the wake-promoting effects of hypocretin-1 are attenuated in old rats. | disruption of sleep is a frequent complaint among elderly humans and is also evident in aged laboratory rodents. the neurobiological bases of age-related sleep/wake disruption are unknown. given the critical role of the hypocretins in sleep/wake regulation, we sought to determine whether the wake-promoting effect of hypocretin changes with age in wistar rats, a strain in which age-related changes in both sleep and hypocretin signaling have been reported. intracerebroventricular infusions of hypo ... | 2009 | 19781813 |
| role of adenosine a(1) receptor in the perifornical-lateral hypothalamic area in sleep-wake regulation in rats. | the perifornical-lateral hypothalamic area (pf-lha) has been implicated in the regulation of arousal. the pf-lha contains wake-active neurons that are quiescent during non-rem sleep and in the case of neurons expressing the peptide hypocretin (hcrt), quiescent during both non-rem and rem sleep. adenosine is an endogenous sleep factor and recent evidence suggests that adenosine via a(1) receptors may act on pf-lha neurons to promote sleep. we examined the effects of bilateral activation as well a ... | 2009 | 19781535 |
| vesicular glutamate transporter 1 and vesicular glutamate transporter 2 synapses on cholinergic neurons in the sublenticular gray of the rat basal forebrain: a double-label electron microscopic study. | the basal forebrain (bf) comprises morphologically and functionally heterogeneous cell populations, including cholinergic and non-cholinergic corticopetal neurons that are implicated in sleep-wake modulation, learning, memory and attention. several studies suggest that glutamate may be among inputs affecting cholinergic corticopetal neurons but such inputs have not been demonstrated unequivocally. we examined glutamatergic axon terminals in the sublenticular substantia innominata in rats using d ... | 2009 | 19778580 |
| discharge profiles of identified gabaergic in comparison to cholinergic and putative glutamatergic basal forebrain neurons across the sleep-wake cycle. | whereas basal forebrain (bf) cholinergic neurons are known to participate in processes of cortical activation during wake (w) and paradoxical sleep (ps or p, also called rem sleep), codistributed gabaergic neurons have been thought to participate in processes of cortical deactivation and slow-wave sleep (sws or s). to learn the roles the gabaergic neurons might play, in relation to cholinergic and glutamatergic neurons, we juxtacellularly recorded and labeled neurons during natural sleep-wake st ... | 2009 | 19776269 |
| caffeine in the neonatal period induces long-lasting changes in sleep and breathing in adult rats. | caffeine is commonly used clinically to treat apnoeas and unstable breathing associated with premature birth. caffeine antagonizes adenosine receptors and acts as an efficient respiratory stimulant in neonates. owing to its persistent effects on adenosine receptor expression in the brain, neonatal caffeine administration also has significant effects on maturation of the respiratory control system. however, since adenosine receptors are critically involved in sleep regulation, and sleep also modu ... | 2009 | 19770189 |