Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| alternative mechanisms of interaction between homotypic and heterotypic parainfluenza virus hn and f proteins. | cell fusion by human parainfluenza virus (hpiv) type 2 or type 3 requires the coexpression of both the fusion (f) and haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoproteins from the same virus type, indicating that promotion of fusion requires a type-specific interaction between f and hn. in this report we have further investigated the interaction of the ectodomains of the f and hn glycoproteins from hpiv2 and hpiv3. we constructed mutants of the hpiv2 f and hpiv3 f proteins (f'-kdel) lacking a transme ... | 1999 | 9934692 |
| impact of rnase l overexpression on viral and cellular growth and death. | the biologic actions of interferons (ifns) are complex and involve multiple biochemical mechanisms, including the 2-5a system, a regulated rna decay pathway. the 2-5a system is implicated in the antipicornavirus activity of ifn and in the control of apoptosis. to further investigate involvement of the 2-5a system in the control of viral and cellular growth and death, human rnase l cdna was stably expressed in murine 3t3 cells from a constitutive cytomegalovirus (cmv) promoter. a clonal cell line ... | 1998 | 9858317 |
| detection of mycoplasma pneumoniae in the airways of adults with chronic asthma. | infection with mycoplasma pneumoniae has been shown to exacerbate asthma in humans. however, the role of m. pneumoniae in the pathogenesis of chronic asthma has not been defined. eighteen asthmatics with chronic, stable asthma and 11 nonasthmatic control subjects underwent evaluation of the upper and lower airways and serologic analysis to determine the presence of m. pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae, and seven respiratory viruses through culture, enzyme-linked immunoassay (eia) and polymerase c ... | 1998 | 9731038 |
| the immunogenicity and efficacy of intranasally or parenterally administered replication-deficient vaccinia-parainfluenza virus type 3 recombinants in rhesus monkeys. | immunization of rhesus monkeys with modified vaccinia ankara (mva) recombinants expressing the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) or fusion (f) glycoproteins of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) was compared with an intranasally-administered live, attenuated hpiv3 vaccine candidate, the cp45 derivative of the js strain of wildtype hpiv3. the mva recombinants, when given parenterally (i.m.) or as a parenteral-local (i.m. and i.t.) combination, induced an antibody response comparable to that ... | 1998 | 9682397 |
| rapid simultaneous diagnosis of infections with respiratory syncytial viruses a and b, influenza viruses a and b, and human parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3 by multiplex quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction-enzyme hybridization assay (hexaplex). | a multiplex quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction-enzyme hybridization assay (hexaplex; prodesse, milwaukee) was developed and used to rapidly detect and quantitate rna of respiratory syncytial viruses a and b, influenza viruses a and b, and human parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3 in nasal wash specimens in a single test. primers and probes originated from highly conserved regions of each viral genome. six and a half primer pairs were mixed for the simultaneous detecti ... | 1998 | 9636869 |
| simultaneous detection and identification of human parainfluenza viruses 1, 2, and 3 from clinical samples by multiplex pcr. | reverse transcription (rt)-pcr assays have been widely described for use in the diagnosis of human parainfluenza viruses (hpivs) and other respiratory virus pathogens. however, these assays are mostly monospecific, requiring separate amplifications for each hpiv type. in the present work, we describe multiplex rt-pcr assays that detect and differentiate hpiv serotypes 1, 2, and 3 in a combined reaction. specifically, a mixture of three pairs of primers to conserved regions of the hemagglutinin-n ... | 1998 | 9574711 |
| outbreak of parainfluenza virus type 3 in an intermediate care neonatal nursery. | of the four serotypes of human parainfluenza virus, parainfluenza type 3 causes the majority of infections in young children and infants. parainfluenza type 3 can occur in newborns, although most are born with neutralizing antibodies. there have been only infrequent reports of parainfluenza type 3 causing nosocomial respiratory infection in the newborn nursery setting. we report an outbreak occurring in the intermediate care nursery (imcn) at st. boniface hospital, winnipeg, canada. | 1998 | 9469395 |
| functional chimeric hn glycoproteins derived from newcastle disease virus and human parainfluenza virus-3. | newcastle disease virus (ndv) is primarily a respiratory tract pathogen of birds, particularly chickens, but it occasionally produces infection in man. human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) is a common respiratory pathogen, particularly in young children. these two viruses gain entry to host cells via direct fusion between the viral envelope and the cell membrane, mediated by the two surface glycoproteins: the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) and fusion (f) proteins. promotion of fusion by hn ... | 1997 | 9413532 |
| elevation of antibodies to cytomegalovirus and other herpes viruses in pulmonary fibrosis. | the aim of this study was to determine whether latent viral infection is associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (ipf), an interstitial lung disease whose aetiology remains to be elucidated. cytomegalovirus (cmv) immunoglobulin g (igg) and complement fixation (cf), epstein-barr (eb) viral capsid antigen (vca) igg, herpes simplex virus (hsv) igg, adenovirus cf, and parainfluenza 3 virus haemagglutinin inhibition (hi) titres were measured in the serum from patients with pulmonary diseases. t ... | 1997 | 9311499 |
| detection of respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenzavirus 3, adenovirus and rhinovirus sequences in respiratory tract of infants by polymerase chain reaction and hybridization. | immunofluorescence assay (ifa) of viral antigens in nasal aspirates is largely used for the diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), parainfluenzavirus (piv) type 3 and adenovirus (adv) infections, whilst rhinovirus (rv) are detected by virus isolation technique (vit) only. using the two techniques, ifa and vit, a significant number of specimens remain negative in spite of clinical and epidemiological presumptions of viral infection. | 1997 | 9248656 |
| viral regulation of cd95 expression and apoptosis in t lymphocytes. | t lymphocyte apoptosis has been observed in vivo in association with viral infections. one mechanism known to mediate t cell apoptosis is the cd95 (fas/apo-1) ag apoptotic pathway. cd95 is a cell surface protein that is expressed on activated t cells and is capable of relaying an intracellular apoptotic signal upon binding with cd95 ligand. cd95-dependent apoptosis has been shown to be involved in the homeostatic control of peripheral t cell numbers; however, the functional significance of the c ... | 1997 | 9233613 |
| phosphorylation of canine distemper virus p protein by protein kinase c-zeta and casein kinase ii. | transcription by nonsegmented negative-strand rna viruses is mediated by the viral rna-dependent rna polymerase and transcriptional cofactor p. the p protein is activated by phosphorylation, an event initiated by cellular kinases. the kinase used differs among this group of rna viruses; vesicular stomatitis virus and respiratory syncytial virus utilize casein kinase ii (ckii), whereas human parainfluenza virus type 3 utilizes pkc isoform zeta (pkc-zeta) for activation of its p protein. to identi ... | 1997 | 9185603 |
| role of sensory neuropeptides in piv-3-infection-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigs. | viral respiratory tract infections are known to induce transient airway hyper-responsiveness. the role of the nonadrenergic noncholinergic neuropeptide system on virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness was studied in the guinea pig. ten guinea pigs were inoculated with parainfluenza 3 virus (piv-3.2 x 10(6) pfu) by nasal route. 16 animals served as untreated controls. viral infection was proven by histological changes and by demonstration of viral antigen using immunohistochemical techniques. f ... | 1997 | 9154673 |
| rescue of sendai virus cdna templates with cdna clones expressing parainfluenza virus type 3 n, p and l proteins. | several years ago, we reported that a sendai virus (sev) defective genome (dih4uv) could be rescued in vivo with human parainfluenza virus type 1 (hpiv1) and bovine piv3 but not by measles virus or vesicular stomatitis virus. it was concluded that the cis-acting rna sequences were conserved within the sev/piv1/piv3 group but that interactions between the polymerase complex (p-l) and the template protein n were unique for each virus. we have re-examined these conclusions using proteins expressed ... | 1996 | 8887479 |
| evaluation of a live attenuated bovine parainfluenza type 3 vaccine in two- to six-month-old infants. | a safe and effective parainfluenza type 3 (piv-3) virus vaccine is needed to prevent serious piv-3-associated illness in infants younger than 6 months of age. in previous studies a live bovine piv-3 (bpiv-3) vaccine, which was developed to prevent human piv-3 (hpiv-3) disease, was shown to be safe, infectious, immunogenic and phenotypically stable in 6- to 36-month-old infants and children. | 1996 | 8858666 |
| specific interaction in vitro and in vivo of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and la protein with cis-acting rnas of human parainfluenza virus type 3. | human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) genome rna is transcribed and replicated by the virus-encoded rna-dependent rna polymerase, and specific cellular proteins play a regulatory role in these processes. to search for cellular proteins potentially interacting with hpiv3 cis-acting regulatory rnas, a gel mobility shift assay was used. two cellular proteins specifically interacted with the viral cis-acting rnas containing the genomic 3'-noncoding region and the plus-sense leader sequence region ... | 1996 | 8798741 |
| down-regulation of paramyxovirus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein surface expression by a mutant fusion protein containing a retention signal for the endoplasmic reticulum. | the human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) fusion (f) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoproteins are the principal components involved in virion receptor binding, membrane penetration, and ultimately, syncytium formation. while the requirement for both f and hn in this process has been determined from recombinant expression studies, stable physical association of these proteins in coimmunoprecipitation studies has not been observed. in addition, coexpression of other heterologous param ... | 1996 | 8764007 |
| parainfluenza-3-virus infection enhances allergic sensitization in the guinea-pig. | viral respiratory tract infections have been previously considered to be associated with induction of allergic sensitization. | 1996 | 8735875 |
| functional interaction of paramyxovirus glycoproteins: identification of a domain in sendai virus hn which promotes cell fusion. | the cell fusion activity of most paramyxoviruses requires coexpression of a fusion protein (f) and a hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein (hn) which are derived from the same virus type. to define the domain of the hn protein which interacts with the f protein in a type-specific manner a series of chimeric hn proteins between two different paramyxoviruses, sendai virus (sn) and human parainfluenza virus type 3 (pi3), was constructed and coexpressed with the sn-f protein by using the vaccinia viru ... | 1996 | 8709235 |
| peptides from conserved regions of paramyxovirus fusion (f) proteins are potent inhibitors of viral fusion. | the synthetic peptides dp-107 and dp-178 (t-20), derived from separate domains within the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) transmembrane (tm) protein, gp4l, are stable and potent inhibitors of hiv-1 infection and fusion. using a computer searching strategy (computerized antiviral searching technology, c.a.s.t.) based on the predicted secondary structure of dp-107 and dp-178 (t-20), we have identified conserved heptad repeat domains analogous to the dp-107 and dp-178 regions of hiv-1 g ... | 1996 | 8700906 |
| hemagglutinin-neuraminidase of human parainfluenza 3: role of the neuraminidase in the viral life cycle. | the function of neuraminidase in the life cycle and pathogenesis of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpf3) was studied by analyzing a variant of hpf3 that has decreased neuraminidase enzymatic activity. the variant virus is more fusogenic than the wild-type virus during an acute infection. cloning and sequencing of the fusion (f) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) genes from this variant revealed a single amino acid change in the hn protein and no alterations in the f protein sequence. analys ... | 1995 | 8525632 |
| immunopotentiation of bovine respiratory disease virus vaccines by interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-2. | three experiments, using 85 crossbred beef calves, were conducted to evaluate the adjuvanticity of single, multiple, and combined doses of recombinant bovine il-1 beta (rboil-1 beta) and recombinant bovine il-2 (rboil-2), with a modified-live bovine herpesvirus-1/parainfluenza-3 (bhv-1/pi-3) virus vaccine and a killed bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus vaccine. cytokines were administered intramuscularly at vaccination but at different injection sites. all cytokine treatments increased non-major ... | 1993 | 8393601 |
| isolation of parainfluenza virus type 3 from cerebrospinal fluid associated with aseptic meningitis. | parainfluenza virus type 3 has been isolated from the cerebral spinal fluid (csf) from six individuals--four children and two adults--over a 10-year period. all had fever, and four had signs of meningitis. all recovered uneventfully, including one child undergoing chemotherapy for medulloblastoma. the clinical presentation of this child who developed parainfluenza virus type 3 meningitis is described, and the cases of five other individuals with parainfluenza virus type 3 isolated from the csf a ... | 1993 | 8391749 |
| persistent infection with human parainfluenza virus 3 in cv-1 cells: analysis of the role of defective interfering particles. | persistent infection of cultured cells with human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpf3), established following infection at high multiplicity, has been associated with the presence of one or more viral defective-interfering (di) particles in addition to standard viral genomes. we recently showed that persistent infection can also be established after low multiplicity infection, a condition not generally associated with amplification of di particles. the association of di particle genomes with persis ... | 1993 | 8386885 |
| rescue of synthetic analogs of genomic rna and replicative-intermediate rna of human parainfluenza virus type 3. | the genome of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) is a single negative-sense rna strand (vrna) that is 15,463 nucleotides in length. a cdna was constructed to encode an 898-nucleotide, internally deleted version of piv3 vrna, piv3-cat vrna, in which the viral genes were replaced with the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) reporter gene. the cat gene was flanked in turn by sequences representing (i) nontranslated sequences of the first and last genes in the piv3 genome, (ii) pi ... | 1993 | 8386276 |
| the antiviral activity of sp-303, a natural polyphenolic polymer, against respiratory syncytial and parainfluenza type 3 viruses in cotton rats. | sp-303, a naturally occurring polyphenolic polymer (average m.w. = 2100 da), was tested in cotton rats (sigmoden hispidus) for antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial (rsv) and parainfluenza type 3 (piv3) viruses, and for acute toxicity. significant reductions in pulmonary rsv titers, compared to pulmonary rsv titers in comparably treated control animals, were seen in cotton rats given 1-10 mg sp-303/kg/day intraperitoneally (i.p.) on days 1 through to 3, after experimental inoculation ... | 1993 | 8384824 |
| parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3)-specific and non-virus-specific delayed type hypersensitivity responses in cotton rats given different piv3 antigen preparations. | virus-specific, t-lymphocyte-mediated delayed type hypersensitivity (dth) responses were studied in cotton rats using replicating (wild-type parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) and recombinant vaccinia virus expressing piv3 haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) or fusion (f) glycoproteins), and non-replicating (detergent-solubilized, affinity chromatography purified hn and f glycoproteins or inactivated whole piv3) virus preparations. significant virus-specific dth responses were observed in all test ... | 1993 | 8383384 |
| comparison of soluble and secreted forms of human parainfluenza virus type 3 glycoproteins expressed from mammalian and insect cells as subunit vaccines. | human parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3) is one of the leading causes of paediatric viral respiratory disease. the piv-3 genome encodes two envelope glycoproteins, f and hn, which are the major targets for the host antibody response. we have expressed secreted forms of the f and hn proteins and a novel chimeric fhn glycoprotein in insect cells using recombinant baculovirus vectors and secreted forms of the f and fhn glycoproteins in stably transformed chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells. compariso ... | 1993 | 8383178 |
| microencapsulated human parainfluenza virus induces a protective immune response. | human parainfluenza type 3 (pi3) virus was incorporated into microspheres composed of a biocompatible and biodegradable dl-lactide and glycolide copolymer. sera from mice immunized with these microspheres showed an antibody response to the viral glycoproteins and neutralized virus infectivity. the microspheres were also evaluated by intraperitoneal, oral, or intranasal administration to determine their protective efficacy in the hamster. after challenge infection of the intraperitoneally immuniz ... | 1993 | 8382726 |
| a time-course study of airway hyperresponsiveness in conscious parainfluenza virus type 3-infected guinea pigs. | the study of virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness may provide insight into mechanisms that contribute to respiratory diseases such as asthma. we examined changes induced by parainfluenza virus type 3 (pi-3) in lung lesions, tissue weights, and airway responsiveness to aerosols of histamine, methacholine, or citric acid in conscious guinea pigs, using modified whole body plethysmography. during the first week after inoculation, infected lung tissue had peribronchiolitis and airway hyperrespon ... | 1993 | 8277724 |
| parainfluenza virus infection in adult bone marrow transplant recipients. | the clinical course of parainfluenza virus infection occurring in 8 of 265 (3%) adult bone marrow transplant recipients during 1991 was reviewed. parainfluenza virus type 3 was isolated from all eight patients. the clinical course ranged from self-limited upper respiratory tract infections (2 patients) to severe lower respiratory tract disease (6 patients) associated with a 50% mortality. this study highlights the important role of community respiratory viruses such as parainfluenza virus in the ... | 1993 | 8243487 |
| field study of undifferentiated respiratory disease in housed beef calves. | a severe outbreak of undifferentiated respiratory disease affecting 119 of 144 (82.6 per cent) two- to five-month-old housed beef calves was studied by monitoring their clinical signs and rectal temperatures daily or every second day for two months. new cases of respiratory disease, which were first identified three weeks after the calves were housed, occurred over a period of 29 days. the cause of the outbreak was not conclusively determined although 20 per cent of the calves sampled showed ser ... | 1994 | 8203107 |
| [pathogenesis of congenital hydrocephalus: role of transplacental myxovirus infection]. | several pediatric cases of hydrocephalus after mumps virus infection, have been reported. these cases are thought to be caused by ependymitis due to mumps virus infection. clinical cases of congenital hydrocephalus possibly caused by intrauterine mumps virus infection are also accumulating. however, it has not yet been made clear whether mumps virus can pass through the human placenta and cause hydrocephalus. our experimental studies demonstrated that mumps and parainfluenza virus type 3 could i ... | 1994 | 8185971 |
| analysis of respiratory syncytial virus f, g, and sh proteins in cell fusion. | recombinant expression of the human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion (f) glycoprotein, receptor-binding glycoprotein (g), and small hydrophobic (sh) protein was performed to determine the role(s) of these proteins in syncytia formation. these studies used a vaccinia virus expressing the bacteriophage (t7) rna polymerase gene and plasmid vectors containing the rsv genes under the control of a t7 promoter. within the context of this expression system, expression of any individual rsv gene, ... | 1994 | 8178462 |
| rapid detection of parainfluenza virus type 3 rna in respiratory specimens: use of reverse transcription-pcr-enzyme immunoassay. | parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3), an important lower respiratory tract pathogen in young children and immunocompromised individuals, may be underdiagnosed because of the insensitivity of available culturing systems and delay in identification of virus in cell culture. we developed a reverse transcription-pcr-enzyme immunoassay (rt-pcr-eia) for piv-3, using primers specific for a highly conserved region of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene. testing of nasal washes spiked with piv-3 or other ... | 1994 | 8150961 |
| fatal, generalized bovine herpesvirus type-1 infection associated with a modified-live infectious bovine rhinotracheitis parainfluenza-3 vaccine administered to neonatal calves. | generalized bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) infection was diagnosed in six salers calves from the same herd. the calves had received an intramuscular injection of modified-live infectious bovine rhinotracheitis parainfluenza-3 vaccine between birth and three days of age. the purpose of this study was to determine if the outbreak was associated with the vaccine strain of bhv-1. analysis of epidemiological data and bhv-1 dna for restriction fragment length polymorphism was undertaken. multifocal necr ... | 1994 | 8076277 |
| post-infantile giant cell hepatitis in an elderly female patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. | a 69-year-old japanese female was admitted because of general fatigue. laboratory data showed elevation of serum total bilirubin, transaminase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and creatinine levels. an immunological study revealed hypergammaglobulinemia, low titer of complement, and high titers of antinuclear antibody, anti-dna antibody, and circulating immune complexes. antibodies to parainfluenza virus 3 were positive. histology of the liver disclosed numerous giant cell hepatocyte transformati ... | 1994 | 8061807 |
| bovine parainfluenza-3 virus selectively depletes a calcium-independent, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase c and inhibits superoxide anion generation in bovine alveolar macrophages. | bovine parainfluenza-3 (pi-3) virus inhibits oxygen-dependent bacterial killing by phagocytes, a key pulmonary defense, thus predisposing the host to intrapulmonary bacterial superinfection. pi-3 virus inhibited opsonized zymosan or pma-activated superoxide anion (o2-) generation in bovine alveolar macrophages. the respiratory virus influenza also inhibits o2- generation by phagocytes, however, the mechanisms(s) of viral inhibition differs from pi-3. pi-3 did not trigger o2- generation before in ... | 1994 | 8027547 |
| paramyxovirus mrna editing leads to g deletions as well as insertions. | paramyxoviruses are thought to edit their p gene mrnas co-transcriptionally, by a mechanism in which the polymerase stutters and reads the same template base more than once. sendai virus (sev) and bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (bpiv3) are closely related viruses, but sev edits its p gene mrna with the insertion of a single g residue (at approximately 50% frequency) within the sequence 5' a6g3, whereas bpiv3 inserts 1 to approximately 6 gs at roughly equal frequency within the sequence 5' a6g ... | 1994 | 7957115 |
| survey of antibodies against various infectious disease agents in racing camels in abu dhabi, united arab emirates. | prevalence of antibodies against some important disease agents in sera from racing camels in abu dhabi (united arab emirates) is reported. antibodies against brucella abortus were detected in 1.5% of racing camels, but only 0.76% had titres sufficient for the animals to be considered infected. the complement fixation test revealed antibodies against coxiella burnetii (causative agent of q fever) in 7.9% of camels (with a geometrical mean titre of 13) and against parainfluenza virus type 3 in 5.6 ... | 1994 | 7949353 |
| correlation of proteolytic cleavage of f protein precursors in paramyxoviruses with expression of the fur, pace4 and pc6 genes in mammalian cells. | the fusion (f) protein precursor of virulent newcastle disease virus (ndv) strains and human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) has a multibasic amino acid sequence at the cleavage site, and intracellular cleavage activation occurs in a variety of cells. the host protease responsible for the cleavage has been proposed to be a subtilisin-like protease (subtilase) such as furin (the product of the fur gene). we found that the lymphocyte cell lines molt-4, ramos and daudi, in addition to nalm6, lac ... | 1994 | 7931173 |
| topical immunoglobulin is an effective therapy for parainfluenza type 3 in a cotton rat model. | a cotton rat model was used to test the efficacy of topical immunotherapy against parainfluenza type 3 (piv3) infection. on day 3 after experimental infection with 10(5.5) pfu of piv3, animals were treated with 2-fold dilutions of convalescent cotton rat serum or with one of two purified human immunoglobulin preparations; all three had moderate titers of anti-piv3 neutralizing antibody (range, 1:200-1:1000). therapy with high concentrations of all three preparations resulted in significant reduc ... | 1995 | 7797921 |
| respiratory virus antibodies in adults of a norwegian community: prevalences and risk factors. | the aims were to examine prevalences as well as demographic and environmental predictors of respiratory virus antibodies in serum. | 1995 | 7797347 |
| localization of a domain on the paramyxovirus attachment protein required for the promotion of cellular fusion by its homologous fusion protein spike. | the promotion of membrane fusion by the paramyxovirus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) and fusion (f) proteins requires that they be derived from homologous viruses, suggesting the possibility that the promotion of fusion requires a virus-specific communication between the two glycoprotein spikes. we have evaluated the ability of chimeric hn proteins, composed of domains from the hn proteins of two heterologous members of the group, human parainfluenza virus 3 (hpiv3) and newcastle disease virus ... | 1995 | 7778280 |
| a respiratory outbreak due to parainfluenza virus type 3 in a home for the aged--ontario. | 1995 | 7749396 | |
| asymmetric periflexural exanthem of childhood and viral examinations. | we report on an asymmetric maculopapular exanthem of early childhood. one hundred eighty seven patients (111 girls, 76 boys) were examined over a four-year period, mainly in winter and spring. the first skin lesions appeared on the trunk or in the large flexures of the limbs. they spread centrifugally, often to the contralateral side, over two to four weeks, and disappeared with slight itching and moderate desquamation within another two to four weeks. virologic studies were carried out in 34 ca ... | 1995 | 7659637 |
| human parainfluenza virus type 3 phosphoprotein: identification of serine 333 as the major site for pkc zeta phosphorylation. | the human parainfluenza virus type 3 p protein is an rna polymerase subunit involved in both transcription and replication during the life cycle of the virus. our laboratory has recently shown that the p protein is phosphorylated both in vitro and in vivo by the cellular protein kinase c (pkc) isoform zeta and that this phosphorylation is essential for viral replication. to identify the site(s) of phosphorylation, we have used cnbr cleavage, phosphoamino acid analysis, and two-dimensional trypti ... | 1995 | 7645259 |
| a live human parainfluenza type 3 virus vaccine is attenuated and immunogenic in healthy infants and children. | the safety, infectivity, immunogenicity, and phenotypic stability of the cold-passaged (cp) candidate vaccine cp-45, a cold-adapted (ca), temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant of the js strain of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv-3), was evaluated in 114 children 6 months to 10 years old in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. the cp-45 vaccine was well tolerated when given intranasally to parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3)-seropositive and -seronegative children. with 10(4) or ... | 1995 | 7594701 |
| evaluation of the antiviral activity of n-(phosphonoacetyl)-l-aspartate against paramyxoviruses in tissue culture and against respiratory syncytial virus in cotton rats. | n-(phosphonoacetyl)-l-aspartate (pala), a potent inhibitor of l-aspartic acid transcarbamoylase, was evaluated for cytotoxicity and antiviral activity against three different paramyxoviruses in tissue culture, and for antiviral efficacy and toxicity in vivo using a cotton rat-respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) model. significant in vitro cytotoxicity was observed in proliferating cultures of hep-2 (ic50 = 250 micrograms/ml) and vero cells (ic50 = 32 micrograms/ml), but was less evident in culture ... | 1995 | 7486959 |
| antibody responses by cattle after vaccination with commercial viral vaccines containing bovine herpesvirus-1, bovine viral diarrhea virus, parainfluenza-3 virus, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus immunogens and subsequent revaccination at day 140. | calves were vaccinated with four different commercial viral vaccines containing bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1), bovine viral diarrhea (bvdv), parainfluenza-3 virus (pi-3v), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) immunogens. for the initial vaccination certain vaccines were given twice (days 0 and 28), whereas other vaccines were given on day 0. the calves received another injection on day 140 with the vaccine originally given on day 0. the sera were collected at days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, 5 ... | 1995 | 7483787 |
| differences in the role of the cytoplasmic domain of human parainfluenza virus fusion proteins. | we have investigated the roles of the cytoplasmic domains of the human parainfluenza virus type 2 (pi2) and type 3 (pi3) fusion (f) proteins in protein transport and cell fusion activity. by using the vaccinia virus-t7 transient expression system, a series of f protein cytoplasmic tail truncation mutants was studied with respect to intracellular and surface expression and the ability to induce cell fusion when coexpressed with the corresponding hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) proteins. all of t ... | 1995 | 7474124 |
| quantitative measurement of paramyxovirus fusion: differences in requirements of glycoproteins between simian virus 5 and human parainfluenza virus 3 or newcastle disease virus. | to compare the requirements for paramyxovirus-mediated cell fusion, the fusion (f) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoproteins of simian virus 5 (sv5), human parainfluenza virus 3 (hpiv-3), and newcastle disease virus (ndv) were expressed individually or coexpressed in either homologous or heterologous combinations in cv-1 or hela-t4 cells, using the vaccinia virus-t7 polymerase transient expression system. the contribution of individual glycoproteins in virus-induced membrane fusion was ... | 1995 | 7474081 |
| evaluation of cold-adapted and temperature-sensitive mutants of parainfluenza virus type 3 in weanling hamsters. | cold-adapted (ca) and temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of parainfluenza virus 3 were produced by serially passaging wild type (wt) parainfluenza virus 3 at 20 degrees c 45 times. previously, plaque-purified viruses (clones) were selected from the wt parent and from cold passage levels 7, 12, 18, and 45 and characterized in vitro. in the present study, we evaluated at least one mutant from each cold passage level for attenuation in hamsters. four of the five mutants tested were ts and ca (one e ... | 1984 | 6327899 |
| production of cattle immunotolerant to bovine viral diarrhea virus. | inoculation of bovine virus diarrhea virus into 58 to 125 day old fetuses of bovine virus diarrhea virus seropositive pregnant cows, or inoculation of bovine virus diarrhea virus into seronegative cows 42 to 114 days pregnant, may produce clinically normal calves which are persistently infected with the specific isolate of bovine virus diarrhea virus yet seronegative to the homologous and heterologous isolates. reinoculation of these persistently infected cattle with their homologous isolate pro ... | 1984 | 6326980 |
| a simple procedure for the analysis of the structural proteins of influenza and parainfluenza viruses involving adsorption to erythrocytes. | a simple procedure for the analysis of the structural proteins of influenza and parainfluenza viruses utilizing adsorption to erythrocytes is described. the method involves virus growth in the presence of [35s]methionine, adsorption of clarified culture medium with a 0.5% suspension of either guinea-pig or chicken erythrocytes and analysis of the virus-erythrocyte aggregates by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). all of the structural proteins can be detected u ... | 1984 | 6323512 |
| exposure of calves to aerosols of parainfluenza-3 virus and pasteurella haemolytica. | the present study was undertaken to investigate whether sequential exposure to aerosols of parainfluenza-3 virus followed by pasteurella haemolytica, or p. haemolytica followed by parainfluenza-3 virus, could lead to the production of pulmonary lesions in conventionally-raised calves. twenty male calves with low serum antibody titres to both organisms were placed in five equal groups. synergism of parainfluenza-3 virus and p. haemolytica was not demonstrated in any of the sequentially infected g ... | 1983 | 6320999 |
| comparative studies on haemagglutinating activity and immunogenicity of bovine parainfluenza-3 virus strains. | 1982 | 6320610 | |
| variation of virus replication in primary bovine kidney cell cultures derived from 68 three-day-old calves. | primary kidney cell cultures were prepared from 68 three-day-old calves. complete monolayers of these cultures were infected separately with viral diarrhea, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, parainfluenza, and adenovirus 7 viruses. the yield of virus from all infected cultures was calculated by plaque titer assay after 2 to 4 days' incubation. the variation of virus yield was substantial between individual cultures. | 1983 | 6318615 |
| immunosuppression in goats inoculated with parainfluenza type 3 virus. | the humoral and cellular immune responses of goats experimentally infected with an ovine isolate of parainfluenza type 3 virus (pi-3) were examined. virus neutralization and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to determine antibody in the serum and csf. lymphocyte stimulation, measured by [3h]thymidine incorporation into peripheral blood leukocytes, was used to determine cellular responses to phytomitogens and virus. there were significant suppression of peripheral blood leukocyte respo ... | 1983 | 6318612 |
| improvement of respiratory syncytial virus replication in actively growing hep-2 cells. | the growth of respiratory syncytial (rs) and parainfluenza type iii (pi3) viruses has been studied in actively growing versus relatively stationary hep-2 cells. there was no effect on pi3 virus growth. rs virus synthesis was stimulated from 20- to 60-fold by growth in actively growing cultures when the cell density was approximately 1/3 that of a confluent culture. this stimulation was manifested by a greater yield of virus per cell, more virus-specific mrna produced per cell, and a 50% decrease ... | 1983 | 6317708 |
| evaluation of the attenuated vaccine para-ribovac. | 1983 | 6316694 | |
| epizootic of parainfluenza-3 virus infection in gibbons. | a laboratory-housed breeding colony of white-handed gibbons (hylobates lar) experienced an epizootic of upper respiratory tract disease characterized by lethargy, anorexia, coughing, and serous rhinorrhea. signs were more severe in adults than in offspring, and all animals recovered without complications. base-line, acute, and convalescent sera from the most severely affected gibbons were tested for antibodies against a wide spectrum of infectious agents. for personnel known to have had contact ... | 1983 | 6315655 |
| a field trial, of preshipment vaccination, with intranasal infectious bovine rhinotracheitis-parainfluenza-3 vaccines. | a total of 849 calves, 278 controls, 335 vaccinated intranasally with ibr-pi3/ts and 236 vaccinated intranasally with ibr-pi3/ptc were studied in a field trial of preimmunization. all calves were vaccinated in saskatchewan at least three weeks prior to shipment to feedlots. four hundred and twenty six calves were not sold within eight weeks of vaccination; however, seven of these died within four weeks of vaccination. treatment rates varied from 1.0% to 5.2%. there was no significant effect of v ... | 1983 | 6315194 |
| disseminated parainfluenza infection in a child with severe combined immunodeficiency. | an 8-month-old male infant with severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome was admitted to the hospital with pneumonitis and, subsequently, died at 21 months of age. during his lengthy hospitalization, parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3) was isolated from respiratory secretions and unusual sites, such as pericardial fluid, csf, and wbcs. a postmortem examination showed apparent viral pancreatitis, and piv-3 was isolated from the lung, brain, and pericardial fluid. to our knowledge, this is the fir ... | 1983 | 6314807 |
| serology of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3: comparison of the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and hemagglutination inhibition. | an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of antibody to bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 has been compared with the hemagglutination inhibition test on 130 field sera, and seven other paired sera showing a significant raise of titers. the elisa was found to be four to 64 times more sensitive than the hemagglutination inhibition test and the two tests demonstrated a good correlation. | 1983 | 6309348 |
| [virological and morphological studies of a model of parainfluenza-3 virus persistence]. | 1982 | 6303062 | |
| experimentally induced parainfluenza type 3 virus infection in young lambs: pathologic response. | pulmonary changes in five 1-week-old, colostrum-deprived lambs transtracheally inoculated with parainfluenza type 3 virus were studied by immunofluorescent, microscopic, and ultrastructural techniques. the lambs were killed at postinoculation days (pid) 3, 5, and 7. immunofluorescence specific for parainfluenza type 3 virus was first seen in small airways and alveolar epithelium and later in the lumens of airways and alveoli and, to a lesser extent, in the interstitium of the lungs. grossly, the ... | 1982 | 6299138 |
| cold adaptation of parainfluenza virus type 3: induction of three phenotypic markers. | in order to attenuate parainfluenza type 3 virus, a wild type strain that was isolated from a child with respiratory disease was adapted to replicate in african green monkey kidney cells at 20 degrees c. replication at 20 degrees c was not a property of the wild type virus. the virus was serially passaged 45 times in the cold, and clones were selected following passage levels 7, 12, 18, and 45. the population of cold-adapted virus was found to be progressively enriched with temperature sensitive ... | 1982 | 6298358 |
| lung infiltrates following removal of a neck mass. | 1982 | 6286452 | |
| virologic study of the reproductive tract in dairy cows. | from aug 1, 1979 to aug 15, 1980, a total of 624 samples were collected from the vaginas, cervices, and uteri of 208 dairy cows 30 to 37 days after parturition. an additional 90 samples were collected from the reproductive tracts from 30 of the 208 cows. the 30 cows had aborted or were repeat breeders. samples from cows that had aborted were collected within a week after clinical abortion or immediately after rectal palpation revealed subclinical abortion. all samples were tested for the presenc ... | 1982 | 6285771 |
| comparative study of vaccines in preventing respiratory disease in beef calves after weaning. | vaccines against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr), bovine viral diarrhea (bvd), bovine parainfluenza-3 (pi-3), and bacterin against pasteurella hemolytica and p. multocida were studied to determine their effectiveness when given 30 days before weaning in preventing respiratory disease in beef calves after weaning. a total of 310 calves, 6 to 8 months old, were divided into 3 groups. group i consisted of 51 calves vaccinated with a temperature sensitive mutant vaccine intranasally (ibr-pi- ... | 1982 | 6280257 |
| prevalence of antibodies to parainfluenza-3 virus in various wildlife species and indigenous cattle sharing the same habitats in kenya. | 1981 | 6279891 | |
| immunity to parainfluenza type 3 virus and pasteurella haemolytica in sheep. | 1981 | 6277166 | |
| [detection of pi-3 viruses, bvd-md viruses and parvoviruses in bovine fetuses after experimental intrauterine infections]. | growing organ cultures prepared from foetuses experimentally infected in utero by the viruses pi-3 and bvd-md or bovine parvovirus proved to be suitable in tests with the re-isolation of these viruses 7, 14, 21, 35, 42 and 70 days after infection. the attempts at demonstrating them by the traditional method of the inoculation of the primary cell culture of foetal kidneys were successful only at the re-isolation of the pi-3 virus seven days after infection. the pi-3 virus without cytopathic effec ... | 1981 | 6277080 |
| causes of atypical pneumonia: results of a 1-year prospective study. | in a protocol study of cases of atypical pneumonia over a 1-year period an etiologic agent was established in 16 cases: legionella pneumophila in 8, coxiella burnetii in 3, chlamydia trachomatis in 2, mycoplasma pneumoniae in 1, para-influenza 3 virus in 1 and cytomegalovirus in 1. in the remaining 11 cases no agent was identified; the illnesses in these cases tended to be less severe. the pneumonia took much longer to resolve in the patients with legionnaires' disease than in all the other pati ... | 1981 | 6275975 |
| [growth of bovine fetal cells after intrauterine virus infection of the fetus]. | 1981 | 6272468 | |
| sensitive plaque neutralization assay for parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3 and respiratory syncytial virus. | a sensitive plaque neutralization assay for parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3 and respiratory syncytial virus was developed in vero and ma 104 cell cultures. the tests were performed in semimicrotoiter trays containing 24 wells, 16 mm in diameter. parainfluenza virus type 1 formed plaques in vero and ma 104 cells only when trypsin was added to the overlay medium. plaquing of parainfluenza virus type 1 was more sensitive and technically reproducible in ma 104 cells than in vero cells. parainf ... | 1981 | 6262372 |
| a terminal labelling assay using 3h-uridine to measure cell-mediated cytotoxic responses against parainfluenza type 3 infected target cells. | the standardisation of a terminal labelling cytotoxicity assay which used the incorporation of 3h-uridine to measure target cell survival of the effector phase is described. this assay was applied to a preliminary study of the cell-mediated responses of sheep following intravenous inoculation of pi-3 virus. the assay provided a simple, accurate, and reproducible method to measure cytotoxic responses against pi-3 infected target cells. the experimental data did not require mathematical correction ... | 1981 | 6262347 |
| the effect of vaccination of lambs with live parainfluenza virus type 3 on pneumonia produced by parainfluenza virus type 3 and pasteurella haemolytica. | 1980 | 6258113 | |
| persistent parainfluenza virus shedding during isolation at the south pole. | persistent parainfluenza virus shedding in healthy young adults occurred throughout the 8 1/2-month winter isolation period at amundsen-scott south pole station during 1978. two episodes of respiratory illness were observed after 10 and 29 weeks of complete social isolation. throat swabs collected both routinely, and during each outbreak of respiratory illness, were directly inoculated into cell cultures. parainfluenza virus types 1 and 3 were recovered from both symptomatic and asymptomatic sub ... | 1981 | 6256653 |
| isolation of parainfluenza virus type 3 from an infant with meningoencephalitis. | a parainfluenza virus type 3 strain was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of an infant with a clinical diagnosis of meningoencephalitis. specific hai antibodies to parainfluenza virus type 3, ranging in titer from 1/80 to 1/160 could be detected in the infant's serum. a 2-fold rise in the level of complement fixing serum antibodies-from 1/16 at the first to 1/32 at the second collection-was recorded. | 1980 | 6254243 |
| cell-mediated immunity in experimental parainfluenza type 3 virus infection. | local respiratory-tract infection was produced experimentally in guinea-pigs by intranasal instillation of a suspension of parainfluenza virus type 3. histologically, interstitial pneumonitis developed within 10 days and persisted for at least 70 days. cell-mediated immunity was measured at intervals for 70 days after infection. dermal reactivity could not be elicited. leucocyte-migration inhibition and macrophage-migration inhibition were increased. macrophage aggregation was present. increased ... | 1980 | 6253642 |
| injury of respiratory epithelium. | the large surface area provided by the respiratory tract epithelium of humans for exposure to microbial agents and toxic substances in the environment makes this organ system very vulnerable but a good early indicator of adverse health effects. however, the complexity of pulmonary defense mechanisms complicates definition of the interactive effects of pollutants and infectious agents. tracheal organ culture has been utilized to maintain organized, differentiated respiratory epithelium in vitro. ... | 1980 | 6250814 |
| cellular response to respiratory viruses with particular reference to children with disorders of cell-mediated immunity. | 1980 | 6243354 | |
| a glucose oxidase immunoenzyme stain for the detection of viral antigen or antibody on nitrocellulose transfer blots. | separation of mixtures of proteins by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by transfer of the proteins to support media such as nitrocellulose and detection by immunologic procedures provides a powerful analytic tool for assaying the antibody specificity of antisera or for following the purification of antigens. this technique requires fewer assumptions about antigenic solubility or antibody reactivity than immunoprecipitation methods. we present a glucose oxidase immunoenzyme staining pr ... | 1984 | 6205093 |
| evidence of interferon production in the hamster lung after primary or secondary exposure to parainfluenza virus type 3. | experimental infection of the hamster respiratory tract with parainfluenza virus type 3 has been used to study the pathogenesis of viral pneumonia and the host response to infection. in this study, hamsters inoculated intranasally with parainfluenza virus type 3 produced local interferon, which was detected in lung washes obtained by in situ lavage. interferon activity was present as early as 2 days after infection, and titers correlated directly with the quantity of virus recovered in lung wash ... | 1982 | 6178328 |
| prevention of bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection and clinical disease by vaccination. | a double blind field trial was carried out with a live attenuated bovine respiratory syncytial virus vaccine. the trial involved 530 calves, two to 10 months old, on 27 dairy farms, where respiratory problems due to bovine respiratory syncytial virus infections had been observed during the preceding year. in 17 herds either all calves were vaccinated (nine groups) or all calves received a placebo (eight groups). in 10 herds half the number of calves were vaccinated and the other half kept as non ... | 1984 | 6097014 |
| serological studies of parainfluenza type 3 virus, bovine adenovirus type 3 and bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection in beef calves. | six serum samples were taken at monthly intervals from birth to weaning from each of 41 newborn calves in the autumn and spring calf crops of a beef cow--calf herd. the serum hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) antibody titres to parainfluenza type 3 virus (piv-3), virus-neutralization (vn) antibody titres to bovine adenovirus type 3 (bav-3) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) were determined using microtitration techniques. there was serological evidence of a significantly higher inciden ... | 1984 | 6095517 |
| acquisition of serum antibodies to specific viral glycoproteins of parainfluenza virus 3 in children. | a radioimmunoprecipitation assay was used to study antibody responses to parainfluenza virus 3 glycoproteins in human sera. the method was not only more sensitive than the neutralization test for the detection of antibody but also provided semiquantitative assessments of the antibody response to both glycoproteins in a single assay system. anti-hemagglutinin-neuraminidase titers were consistently higher than anti-fusion levels in the same serum specimen. thirteen children were monitored serologi ... | 1984 | 6092715 |
| prevalence of antibodies to bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine herpesvirus-1, and bovine parainfluenza-3 virus in sheep and goats in quebec. | serum samples were collected from 1,075 clinically normal sheep and goats from 77 flocks in 7 agricultural regions of quebec from june to august 1982. sheep and goats were tested for antibodies to bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, and bovine herpes-virus-1 by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique and for parainfluenza-3 virus by the hemagglutination inhibition test. the prevalence of antibodies in animals to respiratory syncytial virus was 31%; to bovine vira ... | 1984 | 6089626 |
| effect of anti-prostaglandin therapy in experimental parainfluenza type 3 pneumonia in weaned, conventional calves. | an acute pneumonia was induced experimentally in 10, 10- to 12-week-old conventional calves by administration into the upper airways of a pathogenic strain of parainfluenza type 3 (pi3) virus. the experimental calves had been selected on the basis of freedom from clinical evidence of respiratory and other diseases, freedom from current infection by pi3 virus as judged by repeated nasopharyngeal swabbing and freedom from earlier pi3 virus infection as judged by their lack of significant levels of ... | 1984 | 6089403 |
| parainfluenza virus immunization. iv. simultaneous immunization with parainfluenza types 1, 2, and 3 aqueous vaccines. | 1967 | 4378106 | |
| cytopathic effects of parainfluenza virus type 3 in organ cultures of human respiratory tract tissue. | 1968 | 4295104 | |
| [proteins of the human parainfluenza virus]. | proteins of human parainfluenza type 3 virus propagated in green monkey kidney cultures are described. the presence of 4 major and 3 minor polypeptides is described along with their molecular weights. protein f1 was found as a double band, its both components having a similar intensity. only the upper band of f1 protein was found in the virus grown in vero cell culture which has a low sensitivity for this virus. fractionation of the virus and analysis of the proteins of subviral structures were ... | 1987 | 3037795 |
| nucleotide sequence of the coding and flanking regions of the human parainfluenza virus type 3 fusion glycoprotein gene. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) fusion (f) protein gene has been determined. the hpiv3 f gene is 1851 nucleotides long including six u residues in the genomic rna, which probably direct synthesis of the first few nucleotides in the f mrna polyadenylate tail. the hpiv3 f gene contains a single long open reading frame coding for 539 amino acids. the predicted molecular weight of the unglycosylated precursor f0 protein was 60031. four potential carbo ... | 1987 | 3033123 |
| alveolar macrophage phagocytic kinetics following pulmonary parainfluenza-3 virus infection. | qualitative and quantitative evaluations of the cellular components of bronchoalveolar washings of calves with experimental parainfluenza-3 virus pneumonitis and control calves were made. calves were exposed to 10(9) tcid50 of pi-3 by intranasal aerosol exposure and bronchoalveolar cells obtained 7 days after infection by volume-controlled bronchopulmonary lavage. transient tachypnea and pyrexia occurred in all infected calves, and virus was recoverable at 7 days from nasal swabs and lung tissue ... | 1987 | 3033112 |
| nucleotide sequence of the bovine parainfluenza 3 virus genome: the genes of the f and hn glycoproteins. | by analysing complementary dna clones constructed from genomic rna of bovine parainfluenza 3 virus (bpiv3), we determined the nucleotide sequence of the region containing the entire f and hn genes. their deduced amino acid sequences showed about 80% homologies with those of human parainfluenza 3 virus (hpiv3), about 45% with those of sendai virus, and about 20% with those of sv5 and newcastle disease virus (ndv), indicating, together with the results described in the preceding paper on the np, p ... | 1987 | 3031615 |
| isolation of parainfluenza-3 virus from bull's semen. | 1986 | 3027942 | |
| [viral etiology of acute respiratory infections in madagascan children]. | a total of 80 nasopharyngeal secretions collected from malagasy children (53 boys and 27 girls) with viral acute respiratory infection, aged from 6 days to 10 year old admitted to the pediatric department of antananarivo general hospital from may to july 1983, were investigated by indirect immunofluorescence method. 54--samples were found positive for respiratory viruses. distribution according age groups and sex has been studied: children belonging to 25-36 month age group and male sex were mor ... | 1986 | 3026268 |
| reduction in in vivo testing at the national veterinary services laboratories of the united states department of agriculture. | efforts are being made at the national veterinary services laboratories to reduce in vivo testing of usda licensed veterinary vaccines. a hemagglutination test for determining potency of killed parvovirus vaccine is currently being used for canine and swine adjuvanted and nonadjuvanted products; a serum neutralization inhibition test (snit) is being developed for potency testing of killed adjuvanted infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr), bovine virus diarrhea (bvd) and parainfluenza (pi3) vacc ... | 1986 | 3025035 |