Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| bi-antigenic immunoassay models based on the recombinant pvpa proteins for mycoplasma gallisepticum diagnosis in chickens. | the present study aimed to produce the relatively conserved central fragment of the mycoplasma gallisepticum pvpa cytadhesin as recombinant antigen and to determine its species-specific diagnostic potential in comparison with the full-length recombinant rpvpa336 protein. for this purpose, a recombinant protein (rpvpa134) consisting of 134 amino acids with apparent molecular mass of 27 kd was produced and highly purified. the rpvpa134 protein was composed of the amino acid residues at positions 1 ... | 2010 | 21088174 |
| mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae express a cysteine protease cysp, which can cleave chicken igg into fab and fc. | major poultry pathogens m. gallisepticum and m. synoviae share a gene encoding a putative cysteine protease cysp similar to papain cysteine protease (c1a subfamily). comparison of the cysp gene sequences of 18 m. synoviae and 10 m. gallisepticum strains sequenced in this study showed polymorphisms, including deletions. seven m. synoviae strains, including the type strain wvu 1853, had a 39 bp deletion in the 3' end of the cysp gene. in the same cysp region, all m. gallisepticum strains sh ... | 2010 | 20966088 |
| a chronicle of serologic response in commercial layer chickens to vaccination with commercial f strain mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine. | vaccination of multi-age layer operations, wherein one million plus commercial layer chickens are housed, has been spurious until the development of a self-propelled, constant-speed spray vaccinator. still, even with its use, live mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) vaccinations have been questionable in terms of seroconversion. using the vaccinator as a research tool over the past 5 yr, factors have been elucidated which impact seroconversion to one live mg vaccine in particular, the f strain of mg ( ... | 2010 | 20945798 |
| an adhesion molecule-based colloidal gold immunochromatography assay strip for rapidly and specifically detecting chicken antibodies against mycoplasma gallisepticum. | the fragment of the vlha1.2 gene was cloned from a mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) dna library by serial pcrs after the same-sense mutagenesis of three tga codons encoding tryptophan (trp). following transforming the generated plasmid of pkg-vlha1.2, the recombinant vlha1.2-gst fusion protein of 92kda was induced and recognized by anti-mg sera. after gst-affinity chromatographic purification, the vlha-based colloidal gold immunochromatography assay (gica) strips were generated. the gica strips spe ... | 2011 | 20630551 |
| genetic diversity of mycoplasma gallisepticum field isolates using partial sequencing of the pvpa gene fragment in russia. | the genetic diversity of the pvpa gene of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) samples originating from commercial chickens was investigated. in the present study, we evaluated the genetic variability of 26 field samples of mg detected in commercial chickens and turkeys from 18 regions of russia and compared them to the reference strains of mg available in genbank. genetic variability was evaluated by partial nucleotide sequencing of the pvpa gene, which encodes a putative cytadhesin protein. compariso ... | 2010 | 20608536 |
| identification of lipoprotein msla as a neoteric virulence factor of mycoplasma gallisepticum. | many lipoproteins are expressed on the surfaces of mycoplasmas, and some have been implicated as playing roles in pathogenesis. family 2 lipoproteins of mycoplasma pneumoniae have a conserved "mycoplasma lipoprotein x" central domain and a "mycoplasma lipoprotein 10" c-terminal domain and are differentially expressed in response to environmental conditions. homologues of family 2 lipoproteins are mycoplasma specific and include the lipoprotein of mycoplasma gallisepticum, encoded by the mga0674 ... | 2010 | 20515935 |
| mutations in 23s rrna gene associated with decreased susceptibility to tiamulin and valnemulin in mycoplasma gallisepticum. | mycoplasma gallisepticum is a major etiological agent of chronic respiratory disease (crd) in chickens and sinusitis in turkeys. the pleuromutilin antibiotics tiamulin and valnemulin are currently used in the treatment of m. gallisepticum infection. we studied the in vitro development of pleuromutilin resistance in m. gallisepticum and investigated the molecular mechanisms involved in this process. pleuromutilin-resistant mutants were selected by serial passages of m. gallisepticum strains pg31 ... | 2010 | 20487023 |
| mycoplasma gallisepticum: an emerging challenge to the poultry industry in egypt. | in this study, the authors examined the technical performance of culture methodology using specific media: mycoplasma isolation media of pleuropneumonia-like organisms (pplo) broth and pplo agar. digitonin sensitivity, growth inhibition, the serum plate agglutination test, a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and a commercially available simplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) test were used to detect mycoplasma gallisepticum infections in samples collected from the ... | 2009 | 20462158 |
| a safety assessment of a fowlpox-vectored mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine in chickens. | a recombinant fowlpox virus vaccine expressing key protective mycoplasma gallisepticum antigens could facilitate in the prevention both of fowlpox virus and m. gallisepticum infections. vectormune fp-mg vaccine, a recombinant fowlpox virus expressing both m. gallisepticum 40k and mgc genes, was assessed for its safety in 8-wk-old specific-pathogen-free white leghorn chickens. the vaccine virus was serially passaged 5 times by wing-web inoculation. based on the postinoculation clinical observatio ... | 2010 | 20460677 |
| development of a duplex real-time taqman pcr assay with an internal control for the detection of mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae in clinical samples from commercial and backyard poultry. | in this study, we report the development and validation of a duplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay with an internal control using taqman-labelled probes for the detection of mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae (duplex mgms pcr). the mgms pcr was highly specific with a sensitivity of 7 and 1 colony-forming units/ml for m. gallisepticum and m. synoviae, respectively, using dilution of pure culture that corresponds to 34 and 29 dna copies per reaction. validation of th ... | 2010 | 20390544 |
| protective immune response of mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccines in poultry. | through a controlled vaccination study with artificial challenge, the present study was designed to evaluate the protective value of formalin, saponin or binary ethyleneimine inactivated mycoplasma gallisepticum adjuvanted bacterins, in comparison with the efficacy of the live mycoplasma gallisepticum "f" strain vaccine. protective values of tested vaccines were compared by measuring antibody titers in sera of chicken at different intervals post vaccination by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ... | 2007 | 20306661 |
| evaluation of mycoplasma inactivation during production of biologics: egg-based viral vaccines as a model. | although mycoplasmas are generally considered to be harmless commensals, some mycoplasma species are able to cause infections in pediatric, geriatric, or immunocompromised patients. thus, accidental contamination of biologics with mycoplasmas represents a potential risk for the health of individuals who receive cell-derived biological and pharmaceutical products. to assess the efficiency of inactivation of mycoplasmas by the agents used in the manufacture of egg-derived influenza vaccines, we ca ... | 2010 | 20228111 |
| effects of vaccination with f-strain mycoplasma gallisepticum on egg production and quality parameters of commercial layer hens previously vaccinated with 6/85-strain mycoplasma gallisepticum. | this study was conducted to determine the effect of overlaying (revaccinating) f-strain mycoplasma gallisepticum at 22 or 45 wk of age on commercial leghorn hens previously vaccinated with 6/85-strain m. gallisepticum at 10 wk of age. the treatment groups included unvaccinated hens (group 1), hens receiving 6/85-strain m. gallisepticum only (group 2), and hens receiving 6/85-strain m. gallisepticum followed by f-strain m. gallisepticum at either 22 (group 3) or 45 (group 4) wk of age. there was ... | 2010 | 20181866 |
| real-time pcr culture and serology for the diagnosis of mycoplasma gallisepticum in chicken breeder flocks. | this study aimed to compare a real-time pcr (rpcr) test with improved detection limit to serology and culture for the detection of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) infection in chicken breeder flocks. six hundred and forty-six blood and tracheal swab samples belonging to 31 grandparent chicken breeder flocks were tested by rpcr. the detection limit of rpcr was 0.9 pg microl(-1), with pure mg s6 strain dna and 100 colony forming units (cfus) ml(-1), where both pure culture and tracheal swabs were ar ... | 2010 | 20149561 |
| comparative genomic analyses of attenuated strains of mycoplasma gallisepticum. | mycoplasma gallisepticum is a significant respiratory and reproductive pathogen of domestic poultry. while the complete genomic sequence of the virulent, low-passage m. gallisepticum strain r (r(low)) has been reported, genomic determinants responsible for differences in virulence and host range remain to be completely identified. here, we utilize genome sequencing and microarray-based comparative genomic data to identify these genomic determinants of virulence and to elucidate genomic variabili ... | 2010 | 20123709 |
| characteristics of a very virulent infectious bursal disease virus from california. | an outbreak of infectious bursal disease (ibd) in two california layer flocks resulted in the isolation of two infectious bursal disease viruses designated ra and rb. increased mortality plus gross and histopathology in the layer flocks suggested ra and rb could be very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvibdv). preliminary studies indicated that high mortality resulted when bursa homogenates from the layer farms were used to inoculate specific-pathogen-free (spf) chicks. in addition, ra ... | 2009 | 20095162 |
| differentiation of mycoplasma gallisepticum strains using pcr and high-resolution melting curve analysis. | mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) is an economically important pathogen of poultry worldwide, causing chronic respiratory disease in chickens and turkeys. differentiation of mg strains is critical, especially in countries where poultry flocks are vaccinated with live vaccines. in this study, oligonucleotide primers were designed based on a region preceding the trinucleotide repeat of a member of the vlha gene family, and amplicons of 145-352 bp were generated from cultures of 10 different mg strains ... | 2010 | 20035007 |
| production of house finch (carpodacus mexicanus) iga specific anti-sera and its application in immunohistochemistry and in elisa for detection of mycoplasma gallisepticum-specific iga. | the iga antibody response plays a vital role in mucosal immunity because it functions to neutralize pathogens at the mucosal surface and thus impedes attachment to underlying tissues. although the importance of iga in the mucosal immunity of galliform birds has been established, studies examining iga-based immunity in passerine birds are lacking, perhaps due in part to the absence of reagents that can detect passerine iga. a 469 base pair region of the house finch (carpodacus mexicanus) iga heav ... | 2009 | 19581004 |
| development of a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for the simultaneous detection of mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae under industry conditions. | in this research we developed a real-time sybr green assay to detect both mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) and mycoplasma synoviae (ms) in a single reaction. a total of 30,000 samples from broiler breeder flocks were screened using traditional serology (plate agglutination, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, hemagglutination inhibition) and polymerase chain reaction (pcr; traditional and real-time). it was determined that the real-time sybr green pcr assay developed in this research was more rapid ... | 2009 | 19432006 |
| mycoplasma synoviae invades non-phagocytic chicken cells in vitro. | mycoplasma synoviae and mycoplasma gallisepticum are major poultry pathogens, but their strains differ significantly in invasiveness and pathogenicity. recent studies have demonstrated that m. gallisepticum invades chicken erythrocytes (cer) and chicken embryonic fibroblasts. the aim of this study was to determine whether m. synoviae also invades chicken cells. using the gentamicin invasion assay, relative invasion frequency (rif) of four m. synoviae strains was determined for cer, chicken embry ... | 2009 | 19321273 |
| protective effect of two mycoplasma gallisepticum protein fractions affinity purified with monoclonal antibodies. | two protein fractions of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) were affinity purified with monoclonal antibodies a3 and b3, and tested for protective capacity in chickens. one fraction, designated mgp1, appeared as a doublet of 64 and 62kda bands in sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels, while mgp2 consisted of five polypeptides (64, 56, 47, 45 and 43 kda). the molecular mass, haemagglutination activity and matching amino acid sequence of mgp1 suggest that it is identical to pm ... | 2000 | 19184824 |
| facial cellulitis induced in chickens by mycoplasma gallisepticum bacterin and its treatment. | ten-to-14-day-old replacement chickens were vaccinated subcutaneously in the neck with a mycoplasma gallisepticum bacterin. a few days later, 40% of the flock developed cellulitis of the head. birds were submitted for diagnostic investigation between 4 and 6 wk of age. histology revealed lesions in the subcutis consistent with oil-emulsified vaccine/bacterin reaction. no significant bacteria were isolated from the lesions. birds were treated with 1 mg of methyl prednisol acetate intramuscularly. ... | 2008 | 19166067 |
| backyard chicken flocks pose a disease risk for neotropic birds in costa rica. | pathogens of free-ranging chickens create a risk of disease for wild birds, some of which migrate to the united states, as well as potential economic losses for resource-poor farmers. free-roaming backyard chickens are commonly kept in shade-grown coffee plantations, habitats that attract large numbers of wild birds. the husbandry and pathogen prevalence of backyard chicken flocks in san luis, costa rica, were investigated. based on serologic evidence, newcastle disease virus, infectious laryngo ... | 2008 | 19166045 |
| circadian serum concentrations of tylosin in broilers after feed or water medication. | 1. because tylosin is a time-dependent antibacterial agent, and because feeding and drinking of broilers decreases in late afternoon and ceases in the dark, it was hypothesised that serum concentrations of this drug are greatly reduced during the dark period. 2. the trial was carried out in a commercial poultry house, under standard broiler husbandry conditions, with food and water withdrawn from 22:00 until 07:00 h next morning and exposed to a natural light cycle of 13l:11d. 3. broilers were g ... | 2008 | 18836909 |
| the rearing and maintenance of breeding chickens in isolators: 1. glass fibre isolators. | a method of 'rearing and maintaining chickens from day old to 80 weeks of age free from infectious bronchitis, newcastle disease, infectious avian encephalomyelitis, celo and gal viruses, lymphoid leukosis, marek's disease, mycoplasma gallisepticum, salmonella pullorum and other salmonella spp., staphylococcus aureus, eimeria spp. and helminths is described. the advantages of glass fibre isolators each with its own ventilation system are outlined. | 1972 | 18777370 |
| [differentiation of haemophilus strains isolated from chickens. iii. pathogenicity tests in chickens]. | pathogenicity tests of 6 isolates of the haemophilus-group i (h. paragallinarum) and 8 isolates of the haemophilus-group ii isolated from chickens in the federal german republic and one strain of h. parainfluenzae isolated from man were carried out in 6-week old spf-chickens. infectious coryza (coryza contagiosa gallinarum) could be produced in chickens with all strains of group i after experimental inoculation and by contact exposure. at necropsy 3 weeks post inoculation (p.i.) organisms of gro ... | 1975 | 18777310 |
| the response of the harderian gland of the fowl to antigen given by the ocular route. ii. antibody production. | after ocular administration to young chickens of sheep erythrocytes (srbc), newcastle disease virus (ndv), infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) or mycoplasma gallisepticum, homologous antibody was detected in serum and in saline extracts of harderian glands. parenteral immunisation with srbc or ndv stimulated moderately high serum antibody titres but did not evoke a measurable antibody response by the harderian gland. | 1979 | 18770464 |
| incidence of pasteurella haemolytica in the respiratory tract of apparently healthy chickens and chickens with infectious bronchitis. characterisation of 213 strains. | the tracheal flora of healthy chickens consisted mainly of gram-positive microorganisms. a shift to a predominantly gram-negative flora, mainly due to escherichia, was observed in chickens with respiratory symptoms caused by infectious bronchitis. most of the chickens in which e. coli formed a predominant part of the tracheal flora also showed a positive serological reaction to mycoplasma gallisepticum. a raised incidence of pasteurella haemolytica with increase in age was noted both with regard ... | 1977 | 18770338 |
| [respiratory diseases of the fowl:principles of histopathological diagnosis]. | groups of specific pathogen free chickens were inoculated with five strains of newcastle disease virus, one strain of adenovirus, four strains of infectious bronchitis virus, one strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum and with infectious bronchitis virus together with mycoplasma gallisepticum. lungs and tracheas were taken at regular intervals for histopathological examination. a diagnosis could be based on tracheal lesions at different periods of their development. newcastle disease was distinguish ... | 1977 | 18770313 |
| [avian mycoplasmosis: comparative study of the plate agglutination test, haemagglutination inhibition test and metabolic inhibition test for detection of antibody against mycoplasma gallisepticum]. | this study was performed with the use of the mg/s6 strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum, reference sera, sera from vaccinated chickens (given at inactivated vaccine) and sera from infected turkeys in the field. titres of antibody detected were well correlated for the three tests. however, the plate agglutination test (pat) allowed the earliest detection, and metabolic inhibition test (mit) was as sensitive and specific as the haemagglutination inhibition test (hit). mit allowed a good repeatabilit ... | 1984 | 18766885 |
| microcomputer-assisted morphometric analysis of airsacculitis caused by mycoplasma gallisepticum in immunised and nonimmunised chickens. | inflammation caused by inoculation of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) into the air sacs was compared in chickens previously exposed by intramuscular injection of mg with that produced in nonimmunised chickens. air sacs from chickens inoculated with frey's media, from those receiving only intramuscular injections of mg, and from nonimmunised non-challenged birds were included in the evaluations. the airsacculitis produced in immunised chickens was more severe at 48 hours post-challenge infection th ... | 1984 | 18766867 |
| cloacal infection with mycoplasma gallisepticum and the effect of inoculation with h120 infectious bronchitis vaccine virus. | infectivity of an isolate of mycoplasma gallisepticum of low virulence was studied in specific pathogen free chickens from 1 day old until after the onset of lay. widespread cloacal infection developed and it was discussed in relation to the low serological response. the effects produced by inoculation of h120 infectious bronchitis vaccine virus and coming into lay were associated with changes in serological response and increased cloacal cultural recovery. the possibility of ascending cloacal i ... | 1983 | 18766808 |
| a correlative in vivo study of the surface morphology and colonisation of the chicken trachea infected by mycoplasma gallisepticum strains r and f. | the pathogenic processes occurring in the chicken trachea as the result of infection by mycoplasma gallisepticum were followed at frequent intervals over a 2-week period after introduction of the organism into the trachea. a correlation was made between changes in the surface morphology of the trachea, as seen by the scanning electron microscope, and mycoplasma colonisation of the upper respiratory tract, as evaluated in isolation studies. effects of the clinical status of the birds were indicat ... | 1983 | 18766781 |
| natural infection of geese with mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae and egg transmission of the mycoplasmas. | mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) and m. synoviae (ms) were isolated from geese kept for more than a year on a multiple-age chicken farm. agglutinating antibodies against mg and ms were found in the sera of some geese which were positive also in the haemagglutination-inhibition tests. the isolation of mg and ms from several organs of goose embryos indicates that egg transmission occurs. it is probably the first report concerning isolation of ms from the naturally infected geese and furthermore conce ... | 1988 | 18766753 |
| pathogenicity for chickens of six strains of mycoplasma gallisepticum isolated from various birds. | pathogenicity of the type strain and five field strains of mycoplasma gallisepticum isolated from various avian hosts was evaluated by chicken inoculation. only two field strains isolated from chickens were highly pathogenic for the chicken respiratory tract. | 1988 | 18766728 |
| [experimental infection with mycoplasma gallisepticum: influence of ammonia as an exacerbating factor]. | five-week-old spf chickens were inoculated with a virulent strain of m. gallisepticum and half were exposed to an atmosphere containing 100 ppm ammonia. the inoculation reduced weight gain and induced general and respiratory signs (prostration, tracheal rales, and snoring). tracheal cilial movement was stopped. the severity and duration of m. gallisepticum infection were exacerbated by exposure to ammonia. | 1988 | 18766719 |
| natural infection of ducks with mycoplasma synoviae and mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma egg transmission. | mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg), m. synoviae (ms), m. cloacale (mc) and m. anatis were isolated from ducks kept in a yard in close contact with chickens that were infected with mg, ms and some other avian mycoplasma species. mg, ms and mc were isolated also from embryonated duck eggs and from infertile duck eggs laid during the first four weeks of egg production. infected ducks did not show clinical signs of mg or ms infection in chicken. detectable mg and ms agglutinating antibodies were not pres ... | 1988 | 18766701 |
| an inactivated temperature-sensitive mycoplasma gallisepticum mutant for protection against airsacculitis. | a formalinised temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) emulsified in complete freund's adjuvant was capable of protecting chickens against airsacculitis after intra-air sac challenge with the virulent s6 strain at a statistically significant level. formalinised ts mg vaccine without the addition of adjuvant yielded inconsistent results, and the outcome may have been dependent upon the dosage used. | 1987 | 18766639 |
| comparison of in vivo and in vitro methods for pathogenicity evaluation for mycoplasma gallisepticum in respiratory infection. | this study was designated to examine the pathogenicity of several strains of mycoplasma gallisepticum (r, f, s-6, 227 and a5969) and laboratory derived substrains. preliminary results indicated that the nine m. gallisepticum strains differed markedly in their pathogenicity for chickens. a comparison was made between various in vivo and in vitro methods for quantitative evaluation of pathogenicity. reproducibility, convenience, and relevance to clinical observations were considered. two in vivo t ... | 1986 | 18766523 |
| development and immunogenicity of recombinant mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine strain ts-11 expressing chicken ifn-gamma. | mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) is a poultry pathogen that causes respiratory disease and loss of egg production worldwide. a live attenuated vaccine, ts-11, has been used for the control of mg in several countries. to improve the functionality of the vaccine and investigate its potential as a delivery vector for host immune molecules and foreign antigens, we have developed ts-11 as a vector to express and secrete chicken ifn-gamma (ts-11 c3) using a transposon-based delivery vector. following adm ... | 2008 | 18706959 |
| the use of a specific dna probe for detection of mycoplasma gallisepticum in field outbreaks. | a specific dna probe (pmg4) was used to diagnose m. gallisepticum (mg) infection in field outbreaks in chicken and turkey breeder flocks in israel. dot-blot hybridisation of tracheal swab suspensions with the probe enabled positive identification of mg as early as 4 days after sampling, even in flocks at an early stage of infection when no other specific indications of infection were available. | 1989 | 18679883 |
| evaluation of two commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits for the detection of mycoplasma gallisepticum antibodies. | sensitivity and specificity of two commercial mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) kits, rapid slide agglutination (sa) and haemagglutination inhibition (hi) tests were compared using sera from specific pathogen free chickens, turkeys or ducks which had been inoculated with various avian mycoplasmas, bacteria or with a reovirus. results show that sensitivity of sa was superior to elisa and hi tests in the ability to detect antibodies formed in early response to ... | 1994 | 18671097 |
| the polymerase chain reaction for mycoplasma gallisepticum detection. | on the basis of the aligned 16s rrna sequences of mollicutes, a pair of primers was chosen for the detection of mycoplasma gallisepticum. when used in the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), the primers detected a specific amplification of all mg strains tested, yielding an expected 330 bp product. amplification was not detected when other mollicutes or e. coli were used as pcr templates. spf chickens were experimentally inoculated with two strains of m. gallisepticum or mycoplasma iowae. tracheal ... | 1993 | 18671058 |
| indirect elisa for the detection of a specific antibody response against mycoplasma gallisepticum. | an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for determining mycoplasma gallisepticum antibodies in chicken sera. the m. gallisepticum antigen was detergent extracted and incorporated into iscoms. sediment of broth medium treated with sarcosyl was used as control antigen. sera were tested before and after absorption with broth medium components and elisa titres are expressed as optical density (od) at 492 nm. sera from experimentally or naturally infected chickens, those v ... | 1993 | 18671034 |
| field evaluation of maternal antibody transfer to a group of pathogens in meat-type chickens. | this study was conducted to evaluate the rate of antibody transfer on a flock basis from hens to their day-old chicks in meat-type chickens raised in a commercial setting. fifteen randomly selected hens from a commercial broiler-breeder flock were bled at 37, 40, and 45 wk of age. at day of bleeding, the collected eggs were identified and tracked through hatching where 30 hatchlings were randomly sampled and bled from the jugular vein. antibodies against 10 different pathogens were quantified fr ... | 2008 | 18648048 |
| a recombinant antigen-based elisa for the simultaneous differential serodiagnosis of mycoplasma gallisepticum, mycoplasma synoviae, and mycoplasma meleagridis infections. | we have previously identified species-specific dna fragments, referred to as ms2/28 and mm14, of mycoplasma synoviae and mycoplasma meleagridis, respectively. in the present study, we extended our analysis of the ms2/28 fragment that was found to encode a species-specific antigenic site, and we demonstrated the specificity of the mycoplasma gallisepticum hemagglutinin protein encoded by pmga1.2 (a member of the vlha gene family). then, we combined the escherichia coli-expressed products of ms2/2 ... | 2008 | 18646449 |
| the 64 kda lipoprotein of mycoplasma gallisepticum has two distinct epitopes responsible for haemagglutination and growth inhibition. | a major mycoplasma gallisepticum polypeptide of 64 kda (p64) was characterized using two distinct monoclonal antibodies (mabs), mab ki produced in our laboratory and mab myg 001 produced by avakian & ley (1993). the p64 antigen was shown to be a lipoprotein in a radioimmunoprecipitation assay using [(3)h] palmitic acid-labelled m. gallisepticum cultures. the two mabs inhibited the growth of m. gallisepticum in liquid medium and reacted to two distinct epitopes on the same p64 antigen in competit ... | 1995 | 18645766 |
| detection and quantification of mycoplasma gallisepticum genome load in conjunctival samples of experimentally infected house finches (carpodacus mexicanus) using real-time polymerase chain reaction. | a taqman-based real-time, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) assay utilizing the mgc2 gene was developed to detect mycoplasma gallisepticum in conjunctival swabs of experimentally infected house finches. the assay was demonstrated to be quantitative by the standard curve method with reproducible results within runs and between runs. the detection limit of the mgc2 assay was examined using two standards. the test had a detection limit of less than 14 copies per reaction when tested wit ... | 2008 | 18622854 |
| effects of prelay ts11-strain mycoplasma gallisepticum inoculation and time-specific f-strain m. gallisepticum inoculation overlays on internal egg and eggshell characteristics of commercial laying hens. | mycoplasma infections are pandemic in multiage layer chicken flocks, with mycoplasma gallisepticum being the species of greatest concern to commercial egg producers. live m. gallisepticum vaccines are presently being used to help control m. gallisepticum outbreaks. however, vaccination of layers with f-strain m. gallisepticum may adversely affect egg production. in the present study, 2 trials were conducted to compare the effects of 2 currently available live mycoplasma vaccines (the ts11- and f ... | 2008 | 18577616 |
| a comparison of a commercial pcr-based test to culture methods for detection of mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae in concurrently infected chickens. | the suitability of commercial pcr-based test kits for the detection of either mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) or m. synoviae (ms) was compared to detection by culture. the mg and ms kit detected six and five homologous strains respectively in broth cultures and there were no reactions with thirteen het-erologous species including m. imitans, a species phylogenetically closely related to mg. tracheal and lung/air-sac swabs were collected from twenty 17-week-old commercial pullets which were seropos ... | 1998 | 18484270 |
| antibody response detected by immunoblot in respiratory tract washings of chickens after infection with mycoplasma gallisepticum. | two experiments were conducted to test the sensitivity of western blotting for detection of m. gallisepticum antibodies in respiratory washings and sera of infected chickens by mouse monoclonal antibodies to chicken igg, igm and iga. in the first experiment, birds infected at 10 days of age were examined 2 weeks later. in the respiratory washings, iga antibodies reacted with eight polypeptides of m. gallisepticum, while igm and igg reacted with three. in the serum iga antibodies were not detecte ... | 1998 | 18484042 |
| lymphoproliferative responses of specific-pathogen-free chickens to mycoplasma gallisepticum strain pg31. | mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) is one of the aetiologic agents of chronic respiratory disease in chickens and infectious sinusitis in turkeys. we investigated humoral and cellular immune mechanisms following experimental infection with four different strains of mg. peripheral blood leukocytes (pbl) obtained from chickens were examined for proliferation using antigen preparations of whole cell mg as stimuli in vitro. a consistent lymphoproliferative response was observed against the homologous who ... | 1998 | 18483998 |
| assessment of the efficacy of tilmicosin as a treatment for mycoplasma gallisepticum infections in chickens. | this study involved two experiments which examined the efficacy of 'in water' tilmicosin medication for the treatment of experimental mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) disease. the first experiment investigated tilmicosin concentrations of 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/l administered for 5 days. in the second experiment, dose levels of 50, 75 and 100 mg/l tilmicosin administered for either 3 or 5 days were investigated. the first experiment suggested that tilmicosin was effective in reducing the incidence ... | 1998 | 18483985 |
| natural case of salpingitis apparently caused by mycoplasma gallisepticum in chickens. | a natural case of salpingitis, apparently caused by mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg), in layer chickens is described. in the flock from which the chickens originated, there was a 3 to 4% drop in egg production per month around 250 days old. the production was reduced 70% at 400 days of age, which was 77% of the predisease level. salpingitis was characterized by marked thickening of the oviductal mucosa due to epithelial hyperplasia and marked lymphoplasmacytic infiltration. colonization of mg on th ... | 1997 | 18483915 |
| a survey of avian mycoplasma species for neuraminidase enzymatic activity. | among 23 currently recognized avian mycoplasma (am) species only mycoplasma gallisepticum, mycoplasma synoviae, mycoplasma meleagridis and mycoplasma iowae cause disease and loss of production in chickens and/or turkeys. because neuraminidases are considered virulence factors in many pathogenic microorganisms the aim of our study was to determine which am species possess neuraminidase enzymatic activity (neac). small samples of am cells were assayed for neac using the chromogenic substrate 5-bro ... | 2008 | 18372121 |
| comparative assessment of a metabolically attenuated mycoplasma gallisepticum mutant as a live vaccine for the prevention of avian respiratory mycoplasmosis. | in a previous study, signature sequence mutagenesis (ssm) was used to identify a mutant with a disruption of the gene encoding the metabolic factor, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, and that mutant was designated mg 7. the current study assessed the safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of mg 7 in comparison to two commercially available vaccines (ts-11 and f) as well as a laboratory vaccine strain, gt5. intratracheal vaccination of chickens with all four attenuated mutants induced varying levels o ... | 2008 | 18342996 |
| effects of time-specific f-strain mycoplasma gallisepticum inoculation overlays on prelay ts11-strain mycoplasma gallisepticum inoculation on performance characteristics of commercial laying hens. | mycoplasma bacteria are virtually ubiquitous in layer chicken flocks, and mycoplasma gallisepticum is the species of greatest concern to commercial egg producers. live m. gallisepticum vaccines were initially approved by the usda for use in commercial layers in 1988 to help control m. gallisepticum outbreaks. in the present study, 2 trials were conducted to determine the effects of 2 currently available live mycoplasma vaccines (the ts11-and f-strains) when used together. the following 4 inocula ... | 2008 | 18339985 |
| molecular survey of avian respiratory pathogens in commercial broiler chicken flocks with respiratory diseases in jordan. | acute respiratory tract infections are of paramount importance in the poultry industry. avian influenza virus (aiv), infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), newcastle disease virus (ndv), avian pneumovirus (apv), and mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) have been recognized as the most important pathogens in poultry. in this study, trachea swabs from 115 commercial broiler chicken flocks that suffered from respiratory disease were tested for aiv subtype h9n2, ibv, ndv, and apv by using reverse transcription ... | 2008 | 18281569 |
| effects of increased dosages of the mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine mycovac-l in layer chickens subsequently challenged with virulent m. gallisepticum: egg production and serologic response. | ten-week-old hy-line commercial w-36 pullets were spray-vaccinated with mycovac-l at the manufacturer's recommended dosage (1x) or at 15 times that rate (15x). at 22 or 45 wk of age, subsets of 1x- and 15x-vaccinated pullets were challenged with the virulent mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) strain rlow. percent hen-day egg production was determined through week 55. analyses for treatment effects on overall (22-56 wk) percent hen-day egg production revealed no significant differences between nonchal ... | 2007 | 18251402 |
| a recombinant pvpa protein-based diagnostic prototype for rapid screening of chicken mycoplasma gallisepticum infections. | mycoplasma gallisepticum is the primary agent of chronic respiratory disease causing important economic losses in the poultry industry. serological monitoring is essential to maintain mycoplasma-free breeder flocks and often complicated by the cross-reactions between different mycoplasma species. to overcome serological cross-reactions, a large fragment of the m. gallisepticum pvpa cytadhesin, species-specific surface-exposed protein, was produced in e. coli as a recombinant protein (rpvpa336) a ... | 2008 | 18248920 |
| displaying the protein of mycoplasma gallisepticum agglutinin on the cell surface of bacillus thuringiensis with the s-layer protein. | the s-layer protein ctc surface-display system of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) was used to test the possibility of displaying the protein of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) agglutinin (pmga) on the bt cell surface. by fusing part of pmga1.2 (pmga1.2p) with the surface-anchoring motif of ctc, two recombinant plasmids, pctc-pmga1.2p and pcspmga1.2p, were constructed. they harboured the fusion genes ctc-pmga1.2p and csa-ctc-pmga1.2p (csa represents csaab operon, important in anchoring the s-layer prot ... | 2008 | 18243589 |
| strain differentiating real-time pcr for mycoplasma gallisepticum live vaccine evaluation studies. | mycoplasma gallisepticum causes respiratory disease and production losses in poultry. vaccination of poultry with m. gallisepticum live vaccines is an approach to reduce susceptibility to infection and to prevent the economic losses. the development and evaluation of live vaccines usually requires the involvement of several vaccine and challenge strains in the same experimental setup. our goal was to develop a tool to allow the differentiation between a set of known m. gallisepticum strains in a ... | 2008 | 18160233 |
| chemokine and cytokine gene expression profiles in chickens inoculated with mycoplasma gallisepticum strains rlow or gt5. | mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in chickens leads to tracheitis, airsacculitis, poor feed conversion and reduced egg production, resulting in considerable economic hardship on the poultry industry. the chemokines and cytokines responsible for recruitment, activation and proliferation of leukocytes in affected tissues have not been described. in the current study, chemokine and cytokine gene expression profiles were investigated in tracheas of chickens inoculated with m. gallisepticum strains ... | 2007 | 18006123 |
| effects of route of inoculation on mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in captive house finches. | the routes by which mycoplasma gallisepticum initiates infection during outbreaks of conjunctivitis in house finches remain uncertain. as m. gallisepticum recovered from the cloaca of chickens remains viable for up to 3 days in chicken faeces, the possibility of spread via faecal contamination has been suggested. to test the hypothesis that food or water contaminated with m. gallisepticum may initiate infection, 20 house finches were experimentally inoculated by the oral or the conjunctival rout ... | 2007 | 17994326 |
| mycoplasma gallisepticum invades chicken erythrocytes during infection. | recently, it was demonstrated using in vitro assays that the avian pathogen mycoplasma gallisepticum is able to invade nonphagocytic cells. it was also shown that this mycoplasma can survive and multiply intracellularly for at least 48 h and that this cell invasion capacity contributes to the systemic spread of m. gallisepticum from the respiratory tract to the inner organs. using the gentamicin invasion assay and a differential immunofluorescence technique combined with confocal laser scanning ... | 2008 | 17954728 |
| identification of major immunogenic proteins of mycoplasma synoviae isolates. | mycoplasma synoviae isolates differ in patterns of immunogenic proteins, but most of them have not been identified yet. the main aim of this study was their identification in two closely related m. synoviae isolates, ulb 02/p4 and ulb 02/ov6, recovered recently from chickens in slovenia. n-terminal sequencing identified 17 m. synoviae proteins. amongst them were 14 major, highly expressed but previously unidentified proteins, including enzymes, chaperones and putative lipoproteins. ulb 02/p4 pro ... | 2008 | 17720337 |
| molecular characterization and determination of antimicrobial resistance of mycoplasma gallisepticum isolated from chickens. | in this study, three consecutive approaches of molecular characterization, determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) and antimicrobial tested on mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) isolated from chicken farms were investigated. these approaches were conducted between 2004 and 2005 to 134 mg samples collected from five different regions of the intensive farming area of thailand. twenty mg isolates and four reference strains including s6, f, ts-11, and 6/85 were classified according to ran ... | 2007 | 17570621 |
| transcriptional responses of mycoplasma gallisepticum strain r in association with eukaryotic cells. | mycoplasma gallisepticum is an etiologic agent of chronic respiratory disease in chickens and infectious sinusitis in turkeys. other than proteins important for cytadherence, few m. gallisepticum factors or pathways contributing to host cell interactions have been identified. in this study, an oligonucleotide-based microarray was utilized to investigate transcriptional changes in m. gallisepticum strain r(low) upon exposure to eukaryotic cells. fifty-eight genes were either up- or downregulated ... | 2007 | 17557819 |
| the mycoplasma gallisepticum osmc-like protein mg1142 resides on the cell surface and binds heparin. | mycoplasma gallisepticum is an avian pathogen that causes a chronic respiratory disease of chickens and results in significant economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. colonization of the host and the establishment of chronic disease are initiated by the cytadherence of m. gallisepticum to the host respiratory epithelium. while several proteins involved in cytadhesion have been characterized, molecules that interact with components of the host extracellular matrix, a process that is ce ... | 2007 | 17464059 |
| experimental infection of chickens and turkeys with mycoplasma gallisepticum reference strain s6 and north carolina field isolate rapd type b. | during an epidemic of mycoplasmosis in chicken and turkey flocks in north carolina between 1999 and 2001, isolates of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) from affected flocks were characterized by random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd), and eight distinct rapd types were identified. mg rapd type b accounted for more than 90% of the isolates and was associated with moderate-to-severe clinical signs and mortality. the virulence of mg rapd type b for chickens and turkeys was compared with sham-in ... | 2007 | 17461274 |
| effects of supplemental dietary phytase and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol on the blood characteristics of commercial layers inoculated before or at the onset of lay with the f-strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum. | in 3 trials, the effects of dietary supplementation with phytase (phy) and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol on bw and the blood characteristics of commercial layers that were inoculated prelay (12 wk of age) or at the onset of lay (22 wk of age) with f-strain mycoplasma gallisepticum were assessed at 34, 50, and 58 wk of age. experimental layer diets, which included either a basal control diet or the same diet supplemented with 0.025% phy and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, were fed from 20 through 58 wk of ... | 2007 | 17369552 |
| development and validation of a real-time taqman polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of mycoplasma gallisepticum in naturally infected birds. | in this study, we report the development and validation of a real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay using a taqman-labeled probe for the detection of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mglp assay). the mglp assay was highly specific with a detection limit of 25 template copies per reaction and a quantification limit of 100 template copies per reaction. validation of the assay was completed with 1247 samples (palatine cleft and tracheal swabs) from m. gallisepticum-positive and -negative chicken ... | 2006 | 17274291 |
| molecular characterization of mg isolates using rapd and pfge isolated from chickens in brazil. | in the present study, 27 primers were screened under different cycles by random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) method. mathematical models were used for analysis of the genetic relationships among strains, including vaccinal, reference strains and nine field isolates previously characterized as mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg)f by rapd and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge). the pfge was considered as laborious, expensive and time-consuming than rapd method. these methods improved the typeab ... | 2006 | 17062123 |
| the effect of a live vaccine on the horizontal transmission of mycoplasma gallisepticum. | the effect of a live mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine on the horizontal transmission of this mycoplasma species was quantified in an experimental animal transmission model in specific pathogen free white layers. two identical trials were performed, each consisting of two experimental groups and one control group. the experimental groups each consisted of 20 birds 21 weeks of age, which were housed following a pair-wise design. one group was vaccinated twice with a commercially available live att ... | 2006 | 16990145 |
| serological survey of the infectious disease status of old english game fowl in the lower north island, new zealand. | to investigate the serological status of old english game (oeg) cockerels for a range of infectious diseases of poultry. | 2006 | 16915341 |
| further western spread of mycoplasma gallisepticum infection of house finches. | mycoplasma gallisepticum, an important pathogen of poultry, especially chickens and turkeys, emerged in 1994 as the cause of conjunctivitis in house finches (carpodacus mexicanus) in their eastern range of north america. the resulting epidemic of m. gallisepticum conjunctivitis severely decreased house finch abundance and the continuing endemic disease in the eastern range has been associated with repeating seasonal peaks of conjunctivitis and limitation of host populations. mycoplasma gallisept ... | 2006 | 16870870 |
| transfer of maternal immunoglobulins and antibodies to mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae to the allantoic and amniotic fluid of chicken embryos. | maternal antibodies can protect avian embryos against vertically transmitted pathogens during embryogenesis and also young birds after hatching. in contrast to the well-known transfer of maternal immunoglobulin (ig) g (also termed igy) from the yolk to embryonic blood, information about the transfer of iga, igg and igm from the egg albumen to the extra-embryonic fluids is very limited. in our study, iga, igg and igm to mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae were detected in oviduct was ... | 2005 | 16537160 |
| effects of s6-strain mycoplasma gallisepticum inoculation at ten, twenty-two, or forty-five weeks of age on the performance characteristics of commercial egg laying hens. | experimental inoculation of commercial laying hens, maintained under controlled conditions, with the s6-strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum (s6mg) at 10 wk of age has previously been shown to affect the lengths and weights of various portions of the reproductive tract without affecting subsequent performance. two trials were conducted to compare the effects of s6mg inoculation at 10 wk of age (prior to lay), 22 wk of age (onset of lay), and 45 wk of age (during lay) on performance characteristics ... | 2005 | 16463961 |
| the effect of vaccination with a bacterin on the horizontal transmission of mycoplasma gallisepticum. | the effect of an inactivated vaccine on the horizontal transmission of mycoplasma gallisepticum was quantified in a transmission model. twenty non-vaccinated and 20 vaccinated 23-week-old specific pathogen free hens were housed in pairs, while five individually housed hens acted as a negative control group. each pair consisted of a challenged chicken (10(4) colony forming units intratracheally) and a non-challenged susceptible contact bird. infection was monitored by serology, quantitative polym ... | 2006 | 16448940 |
| identification of a virulence-associated determinant, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (lpd), in mycoplasma gallisepticum through in vivo screening of transposon mutants. | to effectively analyze mycoplasma gallisepticum for virulence-associated determinants, the ability to create stable genetic mutations is essential. global m. gallisepticum mutagenesis is currently limited to the use of transposons. using the gram-positive transposon tn4001mod, a mutant library of 110 transformants was constructed and all insertion sites were mapped. to identify transposon insertion points, a unique primer directed outward from the end of tn4001mod was used to sequence flanking g ... | 2006 | 16428737 |
| the cellular immune response in the tracheal mucosa to mycoplasma gallisepticum in vaccinated and unvaccinated chickens in the acute and chronic stages of disease. | mycoplasma gallisepticum causes a lymphoproliferative response in the tracheal mucosa of infected birds. the studies reported here aimed to determine, using immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent staining, which lymphocyte subsets were infiltrating the mucosa during the acute and chronic phases of disease and to determine whether these subsets differed in birds that had been vaccinated with strain ts-11. in vaccinates there was no detectable infiltration of t or b lymphocytes between 1 and 6 ... | 2006 | 16406173 |
| age related differences in the immune response to vaccination and infection with mycoplasma gallisepticum. | several studies have suggested that there are age related differences in the responses of chickens to vaccination and infection with mycoplasma gallisepticum, but there have not been any systematic comparisons of the responses of young birds to vaccination with those of birds the same age to infection. the aim of the studies described here was to examine the immune responses of chickens between 1 and 6 weeks of age to vaccination and to infection with m. gallisepticum. birds under 4 weeks of age ... | 2006 | 16288936 |
| an experimental model to quantify horizontal transmission of mycoplasma gallisepticum. | before interventions to control horizontal transmission of mycoplasma gallisepticum can be tested, a suitable experimental model should be available. transmission dynamics in a flock can be quantified by two parameters: the average number of secondary cases infected by one typical infectious case (r0) and the number of new infections that occur due to one infectious animal per unit of time (beta). the transmission dynamics of m. gallisepticum have not been studied experimentally, so the aim of t ... | 2005 | 16147573 |
| safety and efficacy of mycoplasma gallisepticum ts-11 vaccine for the protection of layer pullets against challenge with virulent m. gallisepticum r-strain. | mycoplasma gallisepticum ts-11 vaccine was studied for its safety and protective ability in 49-day-old m. gallisepticum-free and mycoplasma synoviae-free commercial tetra sl layer chickens. sixty birds were distributed into four groups: 15 were unvaccinated but were challenged with m. gallisepticum r-strain, 15 were vaccinated by eye drop and then challenged with virulent m. gallisepticum r-strain 4 weeks post vaccination, 15 were designated as controls without vaccination and challenge, and 15 ... | 2005 | 16147571 |
| correlates of immune protection in chickens vaccinated with mycoplasma gallisepticum strain gt5 following challenge with pathogenic m. gallisepticum strain r(low). | colonization of the avian respiratory tract with mycoplasma gallisepticum results in a profound inflammatory response in the trachea, air sacs, conjunctiva, and lungs. a live attenuated m. gallisepticum vaccine strain, gt5, was previously shown to be protective in chickens upon challenge; however, the mechanisms by which this vaccine and others confer protection remain largely unknown. the current study evaluated several potential correlates of gt5 vaccine-mediated immune protection following ch ... | 2005 | 16113257 |
| use of mgc2-polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism for rapid differentiation between field isolates and vaccine strains of mycoplasma gallisepticum in israel. | increasing use of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) live vaccines has led to a need for a rapid test for differentiation of mg field strains from the live vaccine strains ts-11 and 6/85. we examined the differentiating potential of diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (pcr) primers targeted to the gene mgc2, encoding a cytadherence-related surface protein uniquely present in mg. the mgc2-pcr diagnostic primers are specific for mg in tests of all avian mycoplasmas or bacteria present in the chicken t ... | 2005 | 16094829 |
| an acute inflammatory response alters bone homeostasis, body composition, and the humoral immune response of broiler chickens. | to quantify the effects of an acute phase response in broilers, chicks were injected with 1 mg/kg escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (lps) at 15 and 23 d. lipopolysaccharide injection increased feed/gain (p = 0.03), increased liver weight (p = 0.09), and decreased tibia calcium (p = 0.05) and breaking strength (p < 0.04) by d 28. in a second experiment, 3 d postinjection of chicks at d 31, lps decreased bw (p < 0.01), breast weight (p = 0.08), and tibia breaking strength (p = 0.05), and increas ... | 2005 | 15844811 |
| chemotaxis in mycoplasma gallisepticum. | boyden-type chemotactic chambers were used to demonstrate that mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) was capable of migrating into chemotactic membranes. scanning electron microscopy was used to confirm that mg could penetrate the membranes. to further demonstrate the invasive ability of mg, mg was deposited on the shell membranes of 9-day-old chicken embryos, and after 6 days of incubation, the presence of mg dna in the allantoic fluids was detected by polymerase chain reactions. these results indicate ... | 2005 | 15839430 |
| a self-propelled, constant-speed spray vaccinator for commercial layer chickens. | vaccination of commercial layer chickens is labor intensive and often results in poor rates of seroconversion, which, in turn, generally correlate with decreased flock uniformity and performance. attempts to improve the vaccination process include numerous variations of individual shop-built vaccinators in use by the layer sector of the poultry industry. each of these vaccinators has limitations that contribute to poor vaccinations. major problems include the nonuniform speed of the applicator s ... | 2005 | 15839429 |
| evaluation and comparison of various pcr methods for detection of mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in chickens. | four genetic mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) polymerase chain reactions (pcrs) (16s rrna pcr, three newly developed pcr methods that target surface protein genes [mgc2, lp (nested) and gapa (nested)]) were compared for analytical specificity and sensitivity and for diagnostic sensitivity (se) and specificity of detection from tracheal swabs. the licensed mg dna test kit flock chek test (idexx, laboratories, inc., westbrook, me) was as well evaluated for the diagnostic specificity and sensitivity o ... | 2005 | 15839425 |
| pigeon paramyxovirus: association with common avian pathogens in chickens and serologic survey in wild birds. | pigeon paramyxovirus-1 (ppmv-1) was isolated from pigeons from east-central alabama and used in association with chicken anemia virus (cav), infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), or finch mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) in specific-pathogen-free chickens to assess dinical disease and pathology. ppmv-1 infection in all groups was conducted at day 10 of age via the ocular route. the low passage ppmv-1 isolate was inoculated into chickens in different groups at 10 days post-cav infection, 6 days po ... | 2005 | 15839419 |
| persistence of mycoplasma gallisepticum in chickens after treatment with enrofloxacin without development of resistance. | the ability of the avian pathogen mycoplasma gallisepticum to persist despite fluoroquinolone treatment was investigated in chickens. groups of specific pathogen free chickens were experimentally infected with m. gallisepticum and treated with enrofloxacin at increasing concentrations up to the therapeutic dose. when m. gallisepticum could no longer be re-isolated from chickens, birds were stressed by inoculation of infectious bronchitis virus or avian pneumovirus. although m. gallisepticum coul ... | 2005 | 15737482 |
| testing the efficacy of fermented wheat germ extract against mycoplasma gallisepticum infection of chickens. | the effect of fermented wheat germ extract (fwge, immunovet-hbm) was studied in chickens challenged with mycoplasma gallisepticum. ninety m. gallisepticum- and m. synoviae-free 3-wk-old chickens were exposed to aerosol infection of m. gallisepticum. one group (30 birds) was treated with fwge, a second group with tiamulin, and a third group was untreated. the fourth group was exposed to pbs aerosol as a negative control. on d 9, all chickens were slaughtered and examined for the presence of gross ... | 2004 | 15554060 |
| morphologic changes in chicken cells after in vitro exposure to mycoplasma gallisepticum. | mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) was used to expose chicken peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbls), red blood cells (rbcs), heterophils, and chicken tumor cells (msb-1 and hd-11 cells). incubation of pbls with mg for 3 hr resulted in extensive clumping of lymphocytes. incubation of the msb-1 cells with mg also caused clumping of the cells, with many of the cells showing perforations and others showing capping of the surface projections. incubation of rbcs with mg resulted in an altered cell surface mo ... | 2004 | 15529970 |
| disposition kinetics of doxycycline in chickens naturally infected with mycoplasma gallisepticum. | 1. the pharmacokinetic properties of doxycycline were determined in healthy chickens and chickens naturally infected with mycoplasma gallisepticum after a single intravenous (i.v.) and oral administration of the drug at 20 mg/kg body weight. tissue residues of the tested drug after an oral dose of 20 mg/kg given twice daily for 5 consecutive days were also estimated in diseased chickens. 2. the plasma concentrations of doxycycline following single i.v. and oral administration were higher in heal ... | 2004 | 15484732 |
| significance of interactions between escherichia coli and respiratory pathogens in layer hen flocks suffering from colibacillosis-associated mortality. | this study aimed to examine the significance of interactions between escherichia coli and various respiratory pathogens during outbreaks of colibacillosis-associated mortality in layer hen flocks under field conditions. for this purpose, a case-control study involving 20 control flocks with baseline mortality and 20 flocks with increased mortality due to e. coli septicaemia and polyserositis, was conducted. in each colibacillosis flock, blood samples were taken from 20 hens at the onset of clini ... | 2004 | 15223556 |
| a serological survey for pathogens in old fancy chicken breeds in central and eastern part of the netherlands. | to get an impression of the presence of pathogens in multi-aged flocks of old fancy chicken breeds in the netherlands, plasma samples originating from 24 flocks were examined for antibodies against 17 chicken pathogens. these flocks were housed mainly in the centre and east of the netherlands, regions with a high poultry density. the owners of the tested flocks showed their chicken at national and international poultry exhibitions. antibodies against avian influenza, egg drop syndrome '76 virus, ... | 2004 | 15185615 |
| induced expression of the antimicrobial peptide melittin inhibits experimental infection by mycoplasma gallisepticum in chickens. | the in vivo action of the antimicrobial peptide melittin, expressed from a recombinant plasmid vector, on chickens experimentally infected with mycoplasma gallisepticum was studied. the plasmid vector pbi/mel2/rtta includes the melittin gene under the control of an inducible tetracycline-dependent human cytomegalovirus promoter and the gene coding for the trans-activation protein rtta. aerosol administration of the vector, followed by infecting the chickens with m. gallisepticum 1226, is shown t ... | 2004 | 15158186 |
| mycoplasma gallisepticum--induced alterations in cytokine genes in chicken cells and embryos. | mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) was used to infect the msb-1 cells, the hd-11 cells, and chicken embryos. the rna from these cells and the embryonic spleen cells were extracted and assayed for the expression of cytokine genes using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. the results showed that mg infection suppressed the expression of the il-8 gene in the msb-1 cells and enhanced the expression of the il-8 and il-6 genes in the hd-11 cells; a slightly increased expression of macrophage i ... | 2004 | 15077819 |
| effects of an s6 strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum inoculation before beginning of lay on the leukocytic characteristics of commercial layers. | a clinical study was conducted on commercial layers housed in biological isolation units, within which exogenous stress factors potentially affecting bird performance were minimized. this set-up was devised in order to assess how a pre-lay inoculation of s6 strain mycoplasma gallisepticum affects the leukocytic properties of laying chickens. previous studies have demonstrated relative decreases in lymphocyte and relative increases in heterophil percentages in birds infected with other strains of ... | 2004 | 15077815 |