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neonatal sublingual vaccination with salmonella proteins and adjuvant cholera toxin or cpg oligodeoxynucleotides induces mucosal and systemic immunity in mice.salmonella enteritidis is one of the most common enteric pathogens that cause acute gastroenteritis. a vaccine that can induce systemic and mucosal immune responses by a simple, noninvasive pathway and provide protection against this mucosal pathogen is needed.200818376242
a new family of lysozyme inhibitors contributing to lysozyme tolerance in gram-negative bacteria.lysozymes are ancient and important components of the innate immune system of animals that hydrolyze peptidoglycan, the major bacterial cell wall polymer. bacteria engaging in commensal or pathogenic interactions with an animal host have evolved various strategies to evade this bactericidal enzyme, one recently proposed strategy being the production of lysozyme inhibitors. we here report the discovery of a novel family of bacterial lysozyme inhibitors with widespread homologs in gram-negative ba ...200818369469
antimicrobial drug resistance in human nontyphoidal salmonella isolates in europe 2000-2004: a report from the enter-net international surveillance network.a 5-year survey, from 2000 to 2004, of results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing for 11 antimicrobials for 134,310 isolates of nontyphoidal salmonellas from cases of human infection in 10 european countries has demonstrated an overall increase in the occurrence of resistance, from 57% to 66% over the period of study. in contrast, multiple resistance (to four or more antimicrobial drugs) has declined from 18% to 15%. the most significant increase in resistance has been to nalidixic acid (14 ...200818366323
combination of high-intensity pulsed electric fields with natural antimicrobials to inactivate pathogenic microorganisms and extend the shelf-life of melon and watermelon juices.the effect of high-intensity pulsed electric field (hipef) combined with citric acid (0.5-2.0%, w/v) or cinnamon bark oil (0.05-0.30%, w/v) against populations of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enteritidis and listeria monocytogenes in melon and watermelon juices were evaluated. microbiological shelf-life and sensory attributes were also determined. populations of e. coli o157:h7, s. enteritidis and l. monocytogenes were reduced by more than 5.0log(10)cfu/ml in hipef-processed melon (35kv/ ...200818355673
identification of novel attenuated salmonella enteritidis mutants.salmonella enteritidis is a major food-borne pathogen that causes nontyphoidal diarrhoea in humans. infection of adult egg-laying hens usually results in symptomless carriage but in young chicks it may cause paratyphoid disease. it is not known whether s. enteritidis requires genes additional to known virulence genes for systemic infection of young chickens. a transposon insertion library was created using s. enteritidis 10/02, which yielded 1246 mutants. of 384 mutants screened in chickens for ...200818355292
bovine hemoglobin: an attractive source of antibacterial peptides.a peptic hemoglobin hydrolysate was fractioned by a semi-preparative reversed-phase hplc and some fractions have an antibacterial activity against four bacteria strains: micrococcus luteus a270, listeria innocua, escherichia coli and salmonella enteritidis. these fractions were analyzed by esi/ms and esi/ms/ms, in order to characterize the peptides in these fractions. each fraction contains at least three peptides and some fractions contain five peptides. all these fractions were purified severa ...200818342399
migration of salmonella enteritidis phage type 30 through almond hulls and shells.the ability of salmonella to migrate from an external aqueous environment through the almond hull and shell, and to colonize the kernel, was evaluated in two ways. first, the outer surface of shell halves from five varieties of almonds that differed in shell hardness were placed in contact with a suspension of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis phage type 30 for 24 h at 24 degrees c. salmonella enteritidis was isolated from the inside of these almond shells in 46 and 100% of the samples, by ...200818326194
detection of group d salmonellae including salmonella enteritidis in eggs by polymyxin-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.a high-throughput, rapid method was devised for the detection of salmonella enteritidis in egg products. for each target organism, preenrichment in nutrient broth was followed by selective enrichment in rappaport-vassiliadis soya peptone and tetrathionate brilliant green broths or by plating on modified semisolid rappaport vassiliadis (msrv) agar medium. the presence of salmonella enteritidis was determined by subjecting portions of the selective broth cultures or swarming growth on msrv medium ...200818326193
aro mutations in salmonella enterica cause defects in cell wall and outer membrane integrity.in this study we characterized aro mutants of salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis and typhimurium, which are frequently used as live oral vaccines. we found that the aroa, arod, and aroc mutants were sensitive to blood serum, albumen, edta, and ovotransferrin, and this defect could be complemented by an appropriate aro gene cloned in a plasmid. subsequent microarray analysis of gene expression in the arod mutant in serovar typhimurium indicated that the reason for this sensitivity might be ...200818310348
differential induction of nitric oxide, degranulation, and oxidative burst activities in response to microbial agonist stimulations in monocytes and heterophils from young commercial turkeys.the toll-like receptors (tlrs) recognize microbial pathogens and pathogen-associated molecular patterns and trigger inflammatory immune responses to control the infection. here, we examined functional innate immune responses to salmonella enteritidis (se, live or formalin-killed) and various tlr agonists including lipoteichoic acid (lta) and peptidoglycan (pgn) from staphylococcus aureus and synthetic lipoprotein pam3csk4 (pam), poly i:c (synthetic double-stranded rna analog), lipopolysaccharide ...200818304649
socioeconomic risk factors for bacterial gastrointestinal infections.bacterial gastrointestinal infections cause considerable morbidity in industrialized countries, but little is known about socioeconomic factors affecting the risk of infection.200818300694
inactivation of salmonella enterica ser. enteritidis in tomato juice by combining of high-intensity pulsed electric fields with natural antimicrobials.the effect of high-intensity pulsed electric field (hipef) treatment (35kv/cm, 4 mus pulse length in bipolar mode without exceeding 38 degrees c) as influenced by treatment time (200, 600, and 1000 micros) and pulse frequency (100, 150, and 200 hz) for inactivating salmonella enterica ser. enteritidis inoculated in tomato juice was evaluated. similarly, the effect of combining hipef treatment with citric acid (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%[wt/vol]) or cinnamon bark oil (0.05%, 0.10%, 0.2%, and 0.3% ...200818298735
display of heterologous proteins on the surface of lactococcus lactis using the h and w domain of prtb from lactobacillus delburueckii subsp. bulgaricus as an anchoring matrix.the aim of this study was to develop a cell-surface display system for foreign antigens on the surface of a lactococcus lactis strain using an h and w domain of prtb from lactobacillus delburueckii subsp. bulgaricus as an anchoring matrix.200818298534
back pain from a burger. 200818295001
salmonella infections associated with mung bean sprouts: epidemiological and environmental investigations.we investigated an outbreak of salmonella enteritidis (se) infections linked to raw mung bean sprouts in 2000 with two case-control studies and reviewed six similar outbreaks that occurred in 2000-2002. all outbreaks were due to unusual phage types (pt) of se and occurred in the united states (pt 33, 1, and 913), canada (pt 11b and 913), and the netherlands (pt 4b). pt 33 was in the spent irrigation water and a drain from one sprout grower. none of the growers disinfected seeds at recommended co ...200918294429
heightened endotoxin susceptibility of monocytes and neutrophils during familial mediterranean fever.familial mediterranean fever (fmf) is a relapsing autoinflammatory disorder, caused by various mutations in the mefv gene, which encodes a protein called pyrin, expressed in neutrophils and activated monocytes. induction of monocyte endotoxin tolerance is observed in fmf patients during attack, whereas monocytes from patients in the attack-free period failed to induce lipopolysaccharide tolerance and exhibited heightened sensitivity to bacterial endotoxin. in this study, we demonstrated that imp ...200818294193
diverse antimicrobial killing by enterococcus faecium e 50-52 bacteriocin.an effective bacteriocin was identified and characterized. lactic acid bacteria were screened against campylobacter jejuni. one bacteriocin producer, enterococcus faecium (nrrl b-30746), was studied. the isolate was grown, and the bacteriocin was purified to single-band homogeneity. biochemical traits indicated that the peptide was a class iia bacteriocin, and it was named e 50-52. the bacteriocin had a molecular weight of 3339.7 and an isoelectric point of 8.0. the minimal inhibitory concentrat ...200818293921
the tubex test detects not only typhoid-specific antibodies but also soluble antigens and whole bacteria.tubex (idl biotech) is a 5 min semiquantitative colorimetric test for typhoid fever, a widely endemic disease. tubex detects anti-salmonella o9 antibodies from a patient's serum by the ability of these antibodies to inhibit the binding between an indicator antibody-bound particle and a magnetic antigen-bound particle. herein, we report that tubex could also be used to specifically detect soluble o9 lipopolysaccharide in antigen-spiked buffer by the ability of the antigen to inhibit the same bind ...200818287294
comparative analysis of intestinal microbial community diversity between healthy and orally infected ducklings with salmonella enteritidis by eric-pcr.to analyze the difference of intestinal microbial community diversity between healthy and (s. enteritidis) orally infected ducklings.200818286697
guar meal diets as an alternative approach to inducing molt and improving salmonella enteritidis resistance in late-phase laying hens.induced molting of laying hens is a practice used by commercial egg producers to increase the productive lifetime of their flock. however, the conventional method of inducing molt, which involves removal of feed, water, or both as well as a reduction in photoperiod to less than a natural day has drawn criticism due to animal welfare and food safety concerns. the objective of this study was to explore the efficacy of diets containing high levels of guar meal (gm) in inducing molt and reducing sus ...200818281581
the capacity of salmonella to survive inside dendritic cells and prevent antigen presentation to t cells is host specific.infection with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) causes a severe and lethal systemic disease in mice, characterized by poor activation of the adaptive immune response against salmonella-derived antigens. recently, we and others have reported that this feature relies on the ability of s. typhimurium to survive within murine dendritic cells (dcs) and avoid the presentation of bacteria-derived antigens to t cells. in contrast, here we show that infection of murine dcs with ei ...200818266715
architectural adaptation and protein expression patterns of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis biofilms under laminar flow conditions.salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis is a significant biofilm-forming pathogen. the influence of a 10-fold difference in nutrient laminar flow velocity on the dynamics of salmonella enteritidis biofilm formation and protein expression profiles were compared in order to ascertain how flow velocity influenced biofilm structure and function. low-flow (0.007 cm s(-1)) biofilms consisted of diffusely-arranged microcolonies which grew until merging by approximately 72 h. high-flow (0.07 cm s(-1)) b ...200818261816
foodborne disease trends and reports. 200818260810
enhanced subtyping scheme for salmonella enteritidis.to improve pulsed-field gel electrophoresis-based strain discrimination of 76 salmonella enteritidis strains, we evaluated 6 macro-restriction endonucleases, separately and in various combinations. one 3-enzyme subset, sfii/paci/noti, was highly discriminatory. five different indices, including the simpson diversity index, supported this 3-enzyme combination for improved differentiation of s. enteritidis.200718258051
impact of dietary components on chicken immune system and salmonella infection.salmonella enterica serovars are facultative intracellular pathogens that may cause serious illness in poultry and humans. human infection by two common serovars, salmonella enteritidis (se) and salmonella typhimurium (st) usually occurs via food-borne transmission. consumption of raw or undercooked contaminated eggs usually causes se infection, while st is transmitted by contaminated chicken meat. there are several reports on dietary interventions, including fatty acid modifications, probiotic ...200818251669
serotype-specific and serotype-independent strategies for preharvest control of food-borne salmonella in poultry.of more than 2500 identified salmonella serotypes, only a small proportion are common in poultry flocks. however, there is an epidemiologically important connection between poultry products and human infections because many of the serotypes that are most prevalent in humans (such as salmonella typhimurium and salmonella enteritidis) are similarly common in poultry. the scope of food safety efforts for poultry products has been broadened in recent years to include more attention to animal product ...200718251388
survey of salmonella contamination of raw shell eggs used in food service premises in the united kingdom, 2005 through 2006.this survey was launched after an unusual number of salmonella enteritidis outbreaks associated with the use of eggs in food service premises in england and wales. between november 2005 and december 2006, 9,528 eggs (1,588 pooled samples of 6 eggs) were collected from 1,567 food service premises in the united kingdom, most of which (89%) were produced in the united kingdom. salmonella was isolated from 6 (0.38%) pools of eggs. of these, 5 (0.31%) were salmonella enteritidis, which were further c ...200818236658
growing problem of multidrug-resistant enteric pathogens in africa.control of fecal-orally transmitted pathogens is inadequate in many developing countries, in particular, in sub-saharan africa. acquired resistance to antimicrobial drugs is becoming more prevalent among vibrio cholerae, salmonella enteritidis, diarrheagenic escherichia coli, and other pathogens in this region. the poor, who experience most of the infections caused by these organisms, bear the brunt of extended illness and exacerbated proportion of deaths brought about by resistance. improved an ...200718217545
quantitative studies of the regular distribution pattern for salmonella enteritidis in the internal organs of mice after oral challenge by a specific real-time polymerase chain reaction.to identify and understand the regular distribution pattern for salmonella enteritidis (s. enteritidis) in the internal organs of mice after an oral challenge over a 3 wk period.200818205272
application of an indirect immunofluorescent staining method for detection of salmonella enteritidis in paraffin slices and antigen location in infected duck tissues.to detect salmonella enteritidis (s. enteritidis) in paraffin slices and antigen location in infected duck tissues.200818205271
susceptibility of biofilm escherichia coli, salmonella enteritidis and staphylococcus aureus to detergents and sanitizers.this study was conducted to investigate the susceptibility of the biofilm cells of escherichia coli o157, salmonella enteritidis, and staphylococcus aureus to some cleaning detergents and sanitizers. no weakly acidic, neutral, and weakly alkaline detergent could remove the biofilm bacteria from stainless steel chips at commonly used concentrations recommended by manufacturers. among sanitizers, sodium hypochlorite did not completely inactivate any biofilm bacteria at active chlorine concentratio ...200718198721
quantification of bacterial cells based on autofluorescence on a microfluidic platform.bacterial counts provide important information during the processes such as pathogen detection and hygiene inspection and these processes are critical for public health and food/pharmaceutical production. in this study, we demonstrate the quantification of the number of bacterial cells based on the autofluorescence from the cell lysate on a microfluidic chip. we tested three model pathogenic bacteria (listeria monocytogenes f4244, salmonella enteritidis pt1 and escherichia coli o157:h7 edl 933). ...200818187141
a case report of endovascular stenting in salmonella mycotic aneurysm: a successful procedure in an immunocompromised patient.mycotic aneurysms are associated with high mortality rates and are managed in the local setting with extra-anatomical bypass followed by ligation, exclusion and debridement of the aneurysm. this is the first case of successful endovascular stenting in an immunocompromised patient with salmonella mycotic aneurysm.200718185885
comparison of antimicrobial resistance genes in nontyphoidal salmonellae of serotypes enteritidis, hadar, and virchow from humans and food-producing animals in england and wales.isolates of salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis (n = 17), hadar (n = 18), and virchow (n = 13) from cases of human infection and from food production animals were screened using a miniaturized antimicrobial microarray to determine the number and spectra of resistance genes. among enteritidis, the number of genes detected was: animal isolates, mean = 4.6; human isolates, mean = 5.3. resistance to streptomycin, trimethoprim, and sulfonamides was usually encoded by only one resistance gene in ...200718184054
screening of the enterocin genes and antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria in enterococcus strains obtained from different origins.antimicrobial activities of 139 enterococcus isolates (48 e. faecium and 91 e. faecalis) obtained from canine feces, boiler meat samples, swine feces, wild waterfowl feces, and human feces were examined against respective bacteria, including streptococcus pyogenes, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella enteritidis, and escherichia coli. bacteriocin (bac) production assay revealed that the antimicrobial activity against at least one of 6 indicator strains (b ...200718176018
edible alginate-based coating as carrier of antimicrobials to improve shelf-life and safety of fresh-cut melon.the effect of malic acid and essential oils (eos) of cinnamon, palmarosa and lemongrass and their main active compounds as natural antimicrobial substances incorporated into an alginate-based edible coating on the shelf-life and safety of fresh-cut "piel de sapo" melon (cucumis melo l.) was investigated. melon pieces (50 g) were coated with alginate-based edible coating containing malic acid (ec) and eos or their active compounds before to be packed in air filled polypropylene trays and stored a ...200818164505
gastrointestinal tract distribution of salmonella enteritidis in orally infected mice with a species-specific fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction.to identify and understand the regular distribution pattern and primary penetration site for salmonella enteritidis (s. enteritidis) in the gastrointestinal tract.200718161929
septicemia due to salmonella enteritidis and salmonella blegdam. 194918140652
transmission of salmonella enteritidis by the rat fleas xenopsylla cheopis and nosopsyllus fasciatus. 194918137984
case of salmonella enteritidis septicaemia with lung abscess. 194918136070
pulsed-plasma gas-discharge inactivation of microbial pathogens in chilled poultry wash water.a pulsed-plasma gas-discharge (ppgd) system was developed for the novel decontamination of chilled poultry wash water. treatment of poultry wash water in the plasma generation chamber for up to 24 s at 4 degrees c reduced escherichia coli nctc 9001, campylobacter jejuni atcc 33560, campylobacter coli atcc 33559, listeria monocytogenes nctc 9863, salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis atcc 4931, and s. enterica serovar typhimurium atcc 14028 populations to non-detectable levels (< or = 8 log cfu ...200718095434
antimicrobial resistance and phage and molecular typing of salmonella strains isolated from food for human consumption in spain.the aims of this study were to ascertain the population structure and antimicrobial susceptibility of salmonella enterica serovars isolated in 2002 from food in 16 spanish regions. serovars were characterized by serotyping, phage typing, antimicrobial susceptibility, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) typing, and 264 nonrelated strains were selected for further analysis. the main sources were eggs and their derivatives (21.6% of strains), poultry and related products (16.6%), and seafoo ...200718095425
persistence and growth of different salmonella serovars on pre- and postharvest tomatoes.the interaction of a range of salmonella serovars with pre- and postharvest tomatoes was evaluated. serovars were selected on the basis of previous association in tomato-linked outbreaks of salmonellosis (salmonella javiana, salmonella montevideo, and salmonella newport) or those typically isolated from animal or clinical infections (salmonella dublin, salmonella enteritidis, salmonella hadar, salmonella infantis, salmonella typhimurium, and salmonella senftenberg). salmonella serovars introduce ...200718095423
the effect of oral administration of a homologous hila mutant strain on the long-term colonization and transmission of salmonella enteritidis in broiler chickens.the effect of pre-treatment with a homologous live salmonella hila mutant strain on the long-term colonization and transmission of salmonella enteritidis in broilers was evaluated. for this purpose, three treatment groups of newly hatched broilers were created. each group consisted of 4 pens with 25 birds per pen. the first and second groups were orally inoculated with a salmonella enteritidis hila mutant strain (nal r) whereas the third group was not. in the second and third group, 20% of the b ...200818093706
antimicrobial activity of an endophytic xylaria sp.yx-28 and identification of its antimicrobial compound 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin.an endophytic xylaria sp., having broad antimicrobial activity, was isolated and characterized from ginkgo biloba l. from the culture extracts of this fungus, a bioactive compound p3 was isolated by bioactivity-guided fractionation and identified as 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin by nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, and mass spectrometry spectral data. the compound showed strong antibacterial and antifungal activities in vitro against staphylococcus aureus [minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic) ...200818092158
isolation and purification of enterocin e-760 with broad antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.strain nrrl b-30745, isolated from chicken ceca and identified as enterococcus durans, enterococcus faecium, or enterococcus hirae, was initially identified as antagonistic to campylobacter jejuni. the isolate produced a 5,362-da bacteriocin (enterocin) that inhibits the growth of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis, s. enterica serovar choleraesuis, s. enterica serovar typhimurium, s. enterica serovar gallinarum, escherichia coli o157:h7, yersinia enterocolitica, citrobacter freundii, klebs ...200818086839
production of il-12, il-23 and il-27p28 by bone marrow-derived conventional dendritic cells rather than macrophages after lps/tlr4-dependent induction by salmonella enteritidis.induction of the interleukin-12 (il-12) cytokine family comprising il-12, il-23, il-27, and il-12p40 by intracellular pathogens is required for orchestration of cell-mediated immune responses. macrophages (mphi) have been shown to be a source of il-12 following tlr4-dependent activation by salmonella (s.). in this study another antigen-presenting cell type, the conventional dendritic cell (cdc), was analyzed and its cytokine responses compared with those of mphi. we generated bone marrow-derived ...200718086375
detection of salmonella typhimurium in raw meats using in-house prepared monoclonal antibody coated magnetic beads and pcr assay of the fima gene.a method for detection of salmonella typhimurium in meat samples that uses in-house monoclonal antibody (mab) coated magnetic beads for immunomagnetic separation (ims) associated with pcr amplification of the gene fima was developed. an internal amplification control (iac) of the pcr reaction was constructed. the fima pcr has shown 100% sensitivity and specificity when tested with various bacteria. the detection limit of the ims-pcr method, using a post-enrichment in bhi broth for 6 h between im ...200818080880
production of hen egg yolk immunoglobulins simultaneously directed against salmonella enteritidis and salmonella typhimurium in the same egg yolk.the present study was an attempt to raise hen egg yolk ig (igy) simultaneously directed against salmonella enteritidis (se) and salmonella typhimurium (st) in the same egg yolk. the immunopotentiating effect of 2 different adjuvants -- freund's adjuvants (fa) and immunostimulating complexes matrix (im) -- on antibody response was also evaluated. bacterial outer membrane proteins (omp) were selected as target antigens. the isa brown hens, specific-salmonella spp.-free status, divided into 6 group ...200818079447
evaluation of a lactobacillus-based probiotic culture for the reduction of salmonella enteritidis in neonatal broiler chicks.we evaluated the effect of a lactobacillus-based probiotic culture (fm-b11) for reduction of salmonella enteritidis in neonatal broiler chicks. in all experiments, chicks were challenged with approximately 10(4) cfu of salmonella enteritidis upon arrival at our laboratory, and the treatments were administered 1 h postchallenge. cecal tonsil samples were obtained 24 h posttreatment and enriched for salmonella enteritidis recovery. the first experiment compared the effects of oral administration o ...200818079446
association of interleukin-10 cluster genes and salmonella response in the chicken.salmonella enteritidis lipopolysaccharide stimulates interleukin 10 (il10) gene expression in chickens. four genes in the il10 cluster [polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pigr), interleukin 10 (il10), map kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (mapkapk2), and ligatin (lgtn)] plus dual-specificity tyrosine-(y)-phosphorylation regulated kinase1a (dyrk1a) were investigated using the f(8) generation of 2 related advanced intercross lines (ail). the ail were generated by crossing outbred broilers with dam ...200818079445
survival and growth of salmonella enteritidis pt 30 in almond orchard soils.to evaluate factors potentially contributing to the long-term persistence of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis phage type (pt) 30 in an almond orchard.200818070039
effects of sub-lethal concentrations of hexanal and 2-(e)-hexenal on membrane fatty acid composition and volatile compounds of listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus, salmonella enteritidis and escherichia coli.in recent years, the interest in the possible use of natural alternatives to food additives to prevent bacterial and fungal growth has notably increased. plants and plant products can represent a source of natural alternatives to improve the shelf-life and the safety of food. some of these compounds, i.e. hexanal, hexanol, 2-(e)-hexenal and 3-(z)-hexenol, produced throughout the lipoxygenase pathway have important roles in plant defence with a protective action towards microbial proliferation in ...200818055050
bayesian estimation of flock-level sensitivity of detection of salmonella spp., enteritidis and typhimurium according to the sampling procedure in french laying-hen houses.a study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of flocks infected by salmonella spp., s. enteritidis and s. typhimurium in 521 french laying-hen farms from october 1st 2004 to september 30th 2005 as part of a european union-wide baseline study to define targets for salmonella reduction in member states. the sampling scheme prescribed and financed by the european commission to detect salmonella in laying-hen flocks was based on 2 dust-samples and 5 faeces-samples per farm. a latent-class baye ...200818055045
antibacterial activity of thonningia sanguinea against some multi-drug resistant strains of salmonella enterica.the emergence of strains of s.enterica with multiple drug resistance (mdr) is of great concern worldwide.the extracts of flowers of thonningia sanguinea are used in traditional medicine in ivory coast to treat diarrhoeal diseases including salmonellosis. previous studies had shown inhibition of the mdr strain salmonella enteritidis lysotype 6.200718052869
shelf-life extension of fresh-cut iceberg lettuce (lactuca sativa l) by different antimicrobial films.this study was conducted to investigate the antibacterial activity and shelf-life extension effect of iceberg lettuce packed in bn/pe film. the bn/pe film has a strong microbial suppression effect on pathogenic bacteria such as escherichia coli, salmonella enteritidis, and s. typhimurium. the number of psychrophiles and mesophiles during 5 days of cold storage of fresh-cut iceberg lettuce at 10 degrees c packaged in bn/pe film was strictly suppressed in comparison with other tested films (opp, p ...200718051596
evaluation of the impact on human salmonellosis of control measures targeted to salmonella enteritidis and typhimurium in poultry breeding using time-series analysis and intervention models in france.in france, salmonellosis is the main cause of foodborne bacterial infection with serotypes enteritis (se) and typhimurium (st) accounting for 70% of all cases. french authorities implemented a national control programme targeting se and st in poultry and eggs from october 1998 onwards. a 33% decrease in salmonellosis has been observed since implementation. we designed an evaluation of the impact of this control programme on se and st human infections in france. using monthly salmonella human iso ...200818047748
new water disinfection system using uva light-emitting diodes.to evaluate the ability of high-energy ultraviolet a (uva) light-emitting diode (led) to inactivate bacteria in water and investigate the inactivating mechanism of uva irradiation.200718045413
antibacterial activity of guava (psidium guajava l.) and neem (azadirachta indica a. juss.) extracts against foodborne pathogens and spoilage bacteria.the antibacterial activity of guava (psidium guajava) and neem (azadirachta indica) extracts against 21 strains of foodborne pathogens were determined--listeria monocytogenes (five strains), staphylococcus aureus (four strains), escherichia coli o157:h7 (six strains), salmonella enteritidis (four strains), vibrio parahaemolyticus, and bacillus cereus, and five food spoilage bacteria: pseudomonas aeroginosa, p. putida, alcaligenes faecalis, and aeromonas hydrophila (two strains). guava and neem e ...200718041957
development of a sanitizing fabric wipe for use on food contact surfaces.a sanitizer was incorporated into disposable sanitary wipes that were used to eliminate microorganisms on plastic and metal surfaces. these surfaces were inoculated with strains of bacillus subtilis osu 494, enterococcus faecalis osu 48, escherichia coli atcc 29181, listeria innocua atcc 33090, pseudomonas aeruginosa osu 167, salmonella enteritidis osu 799, staphylococcus epidermidis osu 838), candida albicans atcc 10231, and aspergillus fumigatus atcc 10894. these inoculated surfaces were clean ...200718034731
heat transfer models for predicting salmonella enteritidis in shell eggs through supply chain distribution.egg and egg preparations are important vehicles for salmonella enteritidis infections. the influence of time-temperature becomes important when the presence of this organism is found in commercial shell eggs. a computer-aided mathematical model was validated to estimate surface and interior temperature of shell eggs under variable ambient and refrigerated storage temperature. a risk assessment of s. enteritidis based on the use of this model, coupled with s. enteritidis kinetics, has already bee ...200718034720
salmonella host range of bacteriophages that infect multiple genera.conventionally, bacteriophages are considered viruses capable of amplification only in a narrow range of closely related bacteria. presently, we selected bacteriophages with the ability to infect more than 1 bacterial genus. initially, wild-type bacteriophages were selected for ability to form plaques in salmonella enteritidis agar overlays. for determination of host specificity, a pool of 44 bacteriophages was combined with each bacterial isolate in tryptic soy broth. this mixture was incubated ...200718029799
molting in salmonella enteritidis-challenged laying hens fed alfalfa crumbles. iv. immune and stress protein response.immunological responses of molting hens either infected or not infected with salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis were compared in 2 trials with single comb white leghorn hens >50 wk old. the hens were placed into 6 treatment groups with 12 hens per group: nonmolted salmonella enteritidis positive (ff+), non-molted salmonella enteritidis negative (ff-), feed withdrawal salmonella enteritidis positive (fw+), fw salmonella enteritidis negative (fw-), alfalfa salmonella enteritidis positive (alc ...200718029795
molting in salmonella enteritidis-challenged laying hens fed alfalfa crumbles. iii. blood plasma metabolite response.the objective of this study was to examine an alfalfa crumble diet as an alternative molt diet and compare the physiological response of hens to the responses of feed-deprived molted hens. hens >50 wk old were placed into 6 treatment groups (12 hens per group in trial 1 and 10 hens per group in trial 2): nonmolted salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis positive (ff+), nonmolted salmonella enteritidis negative (ff-), feed withdrawal salmonella enteritidis positive (fw+), fw salmonella enteritidi ...200718029794
lps-induced occult loss in mice requires fgl2.fgl2 prothrombinase is required for spontaneous abortion (resorptions) in the cba x dba/2 model, and for abortions in c57bl/6 (b6) mice triggered by salmonella enteritidis lipopolysaccharide (lps). unlike abortions, occult losses in b6 mice, which begin before gestation day 9.5 in mice, do not require the tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor type 1, and may be triggered by either salmonella enteritidis or escherichia coli lps. heterozygous matings of fgl2+/-xfgl2+/- b6 mice also have a high spon ...200717997751
effect of molecular weight, type of chitosan, and chitosan solution ph on the shelf-life and quality of coated eggs.effects of the molecular weight and type of chitosans and ph of chitosan solution on antibacterial activity against salmonella enterica enteritidis and on internal quality of chitosan-coated eggs were evaluated during 4 wk of storage at 25 degrees c. two types of chitosans were studied: alpha-chitosans with 4 different molecular weights (mw = 282, 440, 746, and 1110 kda) and beta-chitosan (mw = 577 kda). the alpha-chitosan with 282 kda exhibited stronger bactericidal effects than did other alpha ...200717995896
modeling the irradiation followed by heat inactivation of salmonella inoculated in liquid whole egg.this study presents mathematical models that describe the inactivation of salmonella enteritidis, salmonella typhimurium, and salmonella senftenberg suspended in liquid whole egg (lwe) by irradiation followed by heat treatments (ir-h treatments). these models also enable prediction of cell injury in salmonella after exposure to ir-h. salmonella viability decreased exponentially (primary model) with heat treating time for all the radiation doses (0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 kgy) and temperatur ...200717995736
dynamic predictive model for growth of salmonella enteritidis in egg yolk.salmonella enteritidis (se) contamination of poultry eggs is a major human health concern worldwide. the risk of se from shell eggs can be significantly reduced through rapid cooling of eggs after they are laid and their storage under safe temperature conditions. predictive models for the growth of se in egg yolk under varying ambient temperature conditions (dynamic) were developed. the growth of se in egg yolk under several isothermal conditions (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 37, 39, 41, and 43 degre ...200717995649
outbreak of salmonella enteritidis phage type 13a: case-control investigation in hertsmere, united kingdom.cases of illness were reported to hertsmere borough council among attendees of a children's charity event in june 2006. initial laboratory investigation identified salmonella enteritidis pt13a as a possible cause of the outbreak. we carried out an unmatched case-control investigation. the population at risk included all individuals who attended the event. self-completion questionnaires were sent to 53 presumptive cases and 212 randomly selected potential controls. information was available for 4 ...200717991411
cluster of salmonella enteritidis in sweden 2005-2006 - suspected source: almonds.previous outbreaks of salmonella enteritidis in canada and the united states have been associated with the consumption of almonds. from december 2005 to august 2006 a cluster of 15 cases of salmonella enteritidis nst 3+ was reported in sweden. a case-control study was performed to identify the source of transmission. three controls per case were randomly selected, matched on sex, age and place of residence. cases and controls were interviewed by telephone and data were analysed with a conditiona ...200717991404
salmonella enteritidis brain abscess in a sickle cell disease patient: case report and review of the literature.focal intracranial abscesses due to salmonella spp are rarely reported. they tend to occur in patients who are immunosuppressed and in those with other predisposing factors. we present herein the first reported case of salmonella enteritidis brain abscess in a sickle cell disease (scd) patient.200817988916
effect of fixed or changing temperatures during prolonged storage on the growth of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis inoculated artificially into shell eggs.the fate of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (se) in whole, unbroken eggs was monitored during storage at fixed or changing temperatures after inoculation with 20-47 c.f.u. of se. eggs stored at 10 degrees c and 20 degrees c showed little or no bacterial growth over 6 weeks, while egg storage at 30 degrees c increased the percentage of the eggs that contained >10(6) c.f.u. after 3 weeks. egg storage at 20 degrees c for 5 days followed by 10 degrees c caused only a few eggs with >10(6) c.f ...200817988424
the role of roof rats ( rattus rattus) in the spread of salmonella enteritidis and s. infantis contamination in layer farms in eastern japan.the prevalence of salmonella in four layer farms in eastern japan was investigated between 2004 and 2006 to determine the role of roof rats (rattus rattus) in the epizootology of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis). persistent s. enteritidis and s. infantis contamination of the environment and pooled egg samples were detected in three out of four layer farms. a total of 113 (13.3%) and 158 (18.6%) out of 851 rats examined were positive for s. enteritidis and ...200817988423
successful treatment of a septic aneurysm due to salmonella enteritidis complicated by the rupture of the pelvis of the kidney.we report on a 43-year-old patient with septic aneurysm complicated by rupture of the pelvis of the kidney due to salmonella enteritidis that we treated successfully by empiric therapy, then targeted antibiotic therapy and late surgical intervention with iliofemoral crossover bypass grafting and aneurysm resection. the course was complicated by deep neutropenia and chronic hepatitis c infection.200717985776
atypical sequelae of knee arthroscopy and reactive arthritis.aim. to evaluate the reasons for atypical sequelae of knee arthroscopy.<br /> material. a group of 11 patients (6 women and 5 men), age 17-56 (mean 33.4), referred for rheumatological consulation because of persistent exudates and/or pain in the operated joint. infectious arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and gout were excluded. immunological diagnostics were performed on all patients, testing for the presence of anti-chlamydia trachomatis, anti-yersinia enterocolitica, anti-s ...200017984883
characteristics of non-typhoidal salmonella isolates from human and broiler-chickens in southwestern seoul, korea.non-typhoidal salmonella (nts) is an important commensal microorganism. the purpose of this study was to determine the epidemiological relation between nts isolates from livestock and nts isolates from human by analyzing antimicrobial susceptibilities and performing molecular typing. we determined the serotypes of 36 human clinical isolates and 64 livestock isolates, performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing against 8 antibiotics, and determined the molecular types of isolated nts spp. by p ...200717982221
development of a new water sterilization device with a 365 nm uv-led.ultraviolet (uv) irradiation is an effective disinfection method. in sterilization equipment, a low-pressure mercury lamp emitting an effective germicidal uvc (254 nm) is used as the light source. however, the lamp, which contains mercury, must be disposed of at the end of its lifetime or following damage due to physical shock or vibration. we investigated the suitability of an ultraviolet light-emitting diode at an output wavelength of 365 nm (uva-led) as a sterilization device, comparing with ...200717978842
survey of salmonella contamination of non-united kingdom-produced raw shell eggs on retail sale in the northwest of england and london, 2005 to 2006.this survey was prompted by a change in the epidemiology of salmonella enteritidis infections in england and wales and elsewhere in europe and, to our knowledge, is the first survey to provide information on salmonella contamination of non-united kingdom eggs on retail sale. based on 10,464 non-united kingdom eggs (1744 pooled samples of six eggs) purchased between march 2005 and july 2006, the total weighted prevalence estimate for all salmonella detected in non-united kingdom eggs was 3.3%. of ...200717969606
occurrence and characterization of salmonella from chicken nuggets, strips, and pelleted broiler feed.raw, frozen chicken nuggets and strips have been identified as a significant risk factor in contracting foodborne salmonellosis. cases of salmonellosis as a result of consuming partly cooked chicken nuggets may be due in part to salmonella strains originating in broiler feed. this study was undertaken to determine the occurrence and characterize the strains of salmonella contaminating chicken nuggets, strips, and pelleted feeds, in an attempt to demonstrate whether the same salmonella strains pr ...200717969605
molecular epidemiology of community-acquired invasive non-typhoidal salmonella among children aged 2 29 months in rural gambia and discovery of a new serovar, salmonella enterica dingiri.sixty-two invasive non-typhoidal salmonella (nts) isolates from children aged 2-29 months in rural gambia were examined for serovar prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility, and characterized using multilocus sequence typing (mlst) of seven genes, aroc, dnan, hemd, hisd, pure, suca and thra. salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis was the most common serovar (80.6 %), followed by s. enterica serovar typhimurium (8.0 %). thirty-three per cent of the isolates were resistant to all eight antimic ...200717965348
functional characterization of chicken tlr5 reveals species-specific recognition of flagellin.mammalian toll-like receptor 5 (tlr5) senses flagellin of several bacterial species and activates the innate immune system. the avian tlr repertoire exhibits considerable functional diversity compared to mammalian tlrs and evidence of a functional tlr5 in the avian species is lacking. in the present study we cloned and successfully expressed chicken tlr5 (chtlr5) in hela cells, as indicated by laser confocal microscopy. infection of chtlr5 transfected cells with salmonella enterica serovar enter ...200817964652
[foodborne infections and intoxications in poland in 2005].a total of 20,072 bacterial foodborne infections and intoxications were registered in 2005 (incidence 52.6/100 000 population). these illnesses were less incident in 2005, compared to the median 1998-2002 (26 734 cases). unlike bacterial infections, the incidence of viral foodborne infections increased in the recent years (2005--32.8 vs. 2004--27.2, 2003--21.1 and median 1998-2002--10.0). the parasitic foodborne infections did not change much during the recent years. there were 10 deaths related ...200717956040
[salmonellosis in poland in 2005].in 2005, 16,006 salmonellosis cases were reported (15,958 in previous year), the incidence rate was 41.9 per 100,000 population. seventy percent of patients were hospitalized, however the hospitalization ratio was higher for extraintestinal manifestations--91%. as in previous years the seasonal peak was observed between june and august. the most frequently isolated type remained salmonella enteritidis--above 84% of cases. only four other serotypes (typhimurium, infantis, hadar and virchow) were ...200717956038
bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances from campylobacter spp.twenty-five campylobacter isolates were screened for production of antimicrobial substances using a deferred antagonism assay. sixteen isolates showed activity against either staphylococcus aureus, salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis or candida albicans. the inhibitory activity was sensitive to treatment with pronase e, trypsin and pepsin, suggesting that the antimicrobial compound(s) are proteinaceous. activity spectra of isolates included s. aureus, micrococcus luteus, streptococcus sp., b ...200817955339
persistence of salmonella on egg conveyor belts is dependent on the belt type but not on the rdar morphotype.commercial caged layer flocks in alberta, canada, are commonly monitored for salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (se) and s. enterica serovar typhimurium (st) by environmental sampling. in one recent case, a se strain isolated from the egg conveyor belt was a source of persistent infection for the flock. this study was undertaken to examine salmonella colonization on egg conveyor belts and to determine whether the rdar morphotype, a conserved physiology associated with aggregation and long-t ...200717954588
effect of probiotic treatment in broiler chicks on intestinal macrophage numbers and phagocytosis of salmonella enteritidis by abdominal exudate cells.previous data have indicated that a lactobacillus-based probiotic culture (fm-b11) is efficacious in reducing salmonella enteritidis colonization within 24 h when administered within 1 h of challenge. we hypothesized that the innate immune system, specifically macrophages, may play a role in the observed reduction of salmonella enteritidis colonization with probiotic treatment. day-of-hatch chicks were challenged with salmonella enteritidis and then treated with the probiotic culture 1 h later. ...200717954580
estimations of repeatability and heritability of egg albumen antimicrobial activity and of lysozyme and ovotransferrin concentrations.1. the repeatability and heritability of growth inhibition by egg albumen of two major pathogenic bacteria, a gram-negative (salmonella enteritidis) and a gram-positive (staphyloccocus aureus) and of two antimicrobial albumen proteins, lysozyme and ovotransferrin, were estimated in commercial pedigree hens. 2. repeatability was evaluated in 100 egg-type hens at the beginning, middle and end of the laying cycle on eggs collected for 3 weeks. heritabilities were estimated at 36 to 40 weeks of age ...200717952727
molecular epidemiology and antibiotic resistance patterns of salmonella enterica from southwestern greece.a study was conducted at the university hospital of patras between january 2002 and december 2003 to investigate antibiotic resistance patterns and clonality of salmonella enterica in southwestern greece.200717934258
survey of the prevalence of salmonella species on commercial laying farms in the united kingdom.a survey of salmonella infection on 454 commercial layer flock holdings in the uk was carried out between october 2004 and september 2005. fifty-four (11.7 per cent, 95 per cent confidence interval 9.3 to 14.0 per cent) were salmonella positive. the most common serovar identified was salmonella enteritidis at a prevalence of 5.8 per cent, and 70 per cent of these isolates were phage types 4, 6, 7 and 35. salmonella typhimurium was the second most prevalent serovar, found in 1.8 per cent of the f ...200717921438
antibiotic resistant escherichia coli and salmonella in russian rooks (corvus frugilegus) wintering in the czech republic.to characterize antibiotic resistant escherichia coli and salmonella isolates in rooks wintering in the czech republic.200717916127
limited genetic diversity in salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis pt13.salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis has emerged as a significant foodborne pathogen throughout the world and is commonly characterized by phage typing. in canada phage types (pt) 4, 8 and 13 predominate and in 2005 a large foodborne pt13 outbreak occurred in the province of ontario. the ability to link strains during this outbreak was difficult due to the apparent clonality of pt13 isolates in canada, as there was a single dominant pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) profile amongst epid ...200717908316
antibacterial activity of a bacteriocin-like substance produced by bacillus sp. p34 that targets the bacterial cell envelope.the objective of this study was to investigate the mode of action of bls p34, a bacteriocin-like substance (bls) produced by a novel bacillus sp. strain p34 isolated from the amazon basin. the effect of the bls was tested against listeria monocytogenes, showing a bactericidal effect at 200 au (activity units) ml(-1), while no inhibition of spore outgrowth of bacillus cereus was observed with a dose of 1,600 au ml(-1). growth of escherichia coli and salmonella enteritidis was inhibited, but only ...200817906937
synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of new sulfonyl hydrazone derivatives and their nickel(ii) complexes.prophane sulfonic acid hydrazide (psh: ch(3)ch(2)ch(2)so(2)nhnh(2)) derivatives as salicylaldehydeprophanesulfonylhydrazone (salpsh), 5-methylsalicylaldehydeprophanesulfonylhydrazone (5-msalpsh), 2-hydroxyacetophenoneprophanesulfonylhydrazone (afpsh), 5-methyl-2-hydroxyacetophenoneprophanesulfonylhydrazone (5-mafpsh) and their ni(ii) complexes have been synthesized. the structure of these compounds has been investigated by using elemental analysis, ftir, (1)h nmr, lc/ms, uv-vis spectrophotometri ...200817900973
molecular characterization of salmonella typhimurium and salmonella enteritidis by plasmid analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.forty-one paediatric isolates of salmonella spp. from cerrahpasa faculty of medicine, istanbul, turkey, between 2001 and 2004 were examined for susceptibility to various antibiotics and presence of antibiotic resistance genes. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and plasmid profiling were used to determine possible genetic relationships among salmonellaenterica subsp. enterica clinical isolates. plasmids from resistant strains were not transferred by conjugation to recipient escherichia coli cells. ...200717900873
dry stress and survival time of enterobacter sakazakii and other enterobacteriaceae in dehydrated powdered infant formula.powdered infant formula is not a sterile product, and opportunistic pathogens could multiply in the reconstituted product, resulting in neonatal infections. in this study, the generation of sublethally injured enterobacteriaceae during desiccation and their persistence in dehydrated powdered infant formula was assessed during a 2.5-year period. the study included 27 strains of enterobacter sakazakii, enterobacter cloacae, salmonella enteritidis, citrobacter koseri, citrobacter freundii, escheric ...200717900090
effectiveness of trisodium phosphate, acidified sodium chlorite, citric acid, and peroxyacids against pathogenic bacteria on poultry during refrigerated storage.the effects of dipping treatments (15 min) in potable water or in solutions (wt/vol) of 12% trisodium phosphate (tsp), 1,200 ppm acidified sodium chlorite (asc), 2% citric acid (ca), and 220 ppm peroxyacids (pa) on inoculated pathogenic bacteria (listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus, salmonella enteritidis, escherichia coli, and yersinia enterocolitica) and skin ph were investigated throughout storage of chicken legs (days 0, 1, 3, and 5) at 3 +/- 1 degrees c. all chemi ...200717900083
effect of norepinephrine on colonisation and systemic spread of salmonella enterica in infected animals: role of catecholate siderophore precursors and degradation products.norepinephrine promotes the growth of salmonella enterica in vitro in iron-restricted conditions imposed by the iron-binding proteins serum transferrin and egg-white ovotransferrin by facilitating the release of bound iron and subsequent uptake by the bacteria. moreover, significantly increased colonisation and systemic spread were observed in mouse and chicken models of s. enterica infection following pre-treatment of animals with norepinephrine. both ent and tonb mutants showed no growth promo ...200817888732
prevalence and antibiotic resistance of salmonella isolated from a poultry farm and processing plant environment in the state of kuwait.the prevalence of salmonella isolated from a poultry farm and from the poultry processing plant environment were evaluated from august 2004 to july 2005 along with microbial antibiotic resistance. in total, 3242 samples were collected from the farm and processing plant. samples collected from the farm included hatching eggs, paper liners, litter, feed, water, drinkers, air, bird rinse, and ceca. while samples collected from the processing plant included carcass rinse and ceca. out of 2882 sample ...200717883320
molting in salmonella enteritidis-challenged laying hens fed alfalfa crumbles. ii. fermentation and microbial ecology response.the objective of this study was to examine microbial population shifts and short-chain fatty acid (scfa) responses in the gastrointestinal tract of salmonella enteritidis-challenged molted and nonmolted hens fed different dietary regimens. fifteen salmonella-free single comb leghorn hens (>50 wk old) were assigned to 3 treatment groups of 5 birds each based on diet in 2 trials: 100% alfalfa crumbles (alc), full-fed (ff, nonmolted) 100% commercial layer ration, and feed withdrawal (fw). a forced ...200717878438
gastrointestinal microbial ecology and the safety of our food supply as related to salmonella.salmonella causes an estimated 1.3 million human foodborne illnesses and more than 500 deaths each year in the united states, representing an annual estimated cost to the economy of approximately $2.4 billion. salmonella enterica comprises more than 2,500 serotypes. with this genetic and environmental diversity, serotypes are adapted to live in a variety of hosts, which may or may not manifest with clinical illness. thus, salmonella presents a multifaceted threat to food production and safety. s ...200817878279
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