Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| transcriptional profiling of immune genes in bovine monocyte-derived macrophages exposed to bacterial antigens. | the involvement of toll-like receptors (tlrs) and other immune signalling genes during challenge of bovine macrophages with bacterial products derived from disease-causing bacteria in cattle was investigated. an in vitro cell culture model of bovine monocyte derived macrophages (mdm) was established and these cells were exposed to purified protein derivative (ppd-b) derived from mycobacterium bovis and to lipopolysaccharide (lps) derived from escherichia coli. following 24h incubation, total rna ... | 2010 | 21242003 |
| combining blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry as an effective strategy for analyzing potential membrane protein complexes of mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin. | tuberculosis is an infectious bacterial disease in humans caused primarily by mycobacterium tuberculosis, and infects one-third of the world's total population. mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) vaccine has been widely used to prevent tuberculosis worldwide since 1921. membrane proteins play important roles in various cellular processes, and the protein-protein interactions involved in these processes may provide further information about molecular organization and cellular path ... | 2011 | 21241518 |
| assessment of critical parameters in blood processing for the bovine interferon-gamma elispot assay to detect mycobacterium bovis infected cattle in india. | in vitro production of bovine interferon gamma (boifn-γ) cytokine from bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) can be detected using the most sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (elispot) assay. elispot assays are dependent on the quantity and quality of pbmc preparations and hence contribute significantly to the performance of this assay. in order to standardise the methods for isolation of pbmcs, we compared two methods for the processing of bovine blood which included aliquot ... | 2011 | 21240848 |
| effect of preliminary load of macrophages with silicium dioxide on phagocytosis of bcg strain micobacteria by macrophages and antimicrobial activity. | we studied the effect of preliminary loading of peritoneal macrophages with silicium dioxide on in vitro viability, phagocytosis of bcg strain mycobacteria, and the capability to destroy the phagocytosed mycobacterium tuberculosis. it was shown that preliminary loading of macrophages with silicium dioxide did not reduce their viability and stimulated phagocytosis of bcg strain mycobacteria, but reduced their antibacterial activity. | 2010 | 21234459 |
| induction of granulysin and perforin cytolytic mediator expression in 10-week-old infants vaccinated with bcg at birth. | while vaccination at birth with mycobacterium bovis bacilli calmette-guérin (bcg) protects against severe childhood tuberculosis, there is no consensus as to which components of the bcg-induced immune response mediate this protection. however, granulysin and perforin, found in the granules of cytotoxic t lymphocytes and natural killer (nk) cells, can kill intracellular mycobacteria and are implicated in protection against mycobacterium tuberculosis. | 2010 | 21234358 |
| treatment of disseminated mycobacterial infection with high-dose ifn-γ in a patient with il-12rβ1 deficiency. | ifn-γ has been used in the treatment of il-12rβ1 deficiency patients with disseminated bcg infection (bcgosis), but the optimal dose to reach efficacy is not clear. we used ifn-γ in the treatment of a 2.7-year-old patient with il-12rβ1 deficiency and refractory bcg-osis. ifnγ was started at a dose of 50 μg/m² 3 times per week. the dose was upgraded to 100 mcg/m² after 3 months, then to 200 mcg/m² 6 months afterwards. serum mycobactericidal activity and lymphocytes number and function were evalua ... | 2010 | 21234109 |
| synthesis and evaluation of anti-tubercular activity of new dithiocarbamate sugar derivatives. | the present study was undertaken to optimize the anti-tubercular activity of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-d-glucopyranosyl n,n-dimethyldithiocarbamate (oct313, glc-nac-dmdc), a lead compound previously reported by us. structural modifications of oct313 included the replacements of the dmdc group at c-1 by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (pdtc) and the acetyl group at c-2 by either propyl, butyl, benzyl or oleic acid groups. the antimycobacterial activities of these derivatives were evaluated against mycoba ... | 2010 | 21232949 |
| early response of bovine alveolar macrophages to infection with live and heat-killed mycobacterium bovis. | bovine tuberculosis (tb) is a disease of economic importance and a significant animal health and welfare issue. the alveolar macrophage (alvmϕ) plays a vital role in the immune response to tb and recent studies provide insights into the interactions between mϕ and mycobacterium bovis. here we reveal the early transcriptional response of bovine alvmϕ to m. bovis infection. we demonstrate up-regulation of immune response genes, including chemokines, members of the nf-κb pathway which may be involv ... | 2011 | 21232552 |
| evaluation of an immunomagnetic capture method followed by pcr to detect mycobacterium bovis in tissue samples from cattle. | tuberculosis is one of the most important infectious diseases worldwide. mycobacterium bovis is the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (btb), an important animal pathogen with public health implications as it is a zoonosis. currently, the diagnosis of btb is based on the caudal fold test of the tuberculin skin test (tst). post-mortem bacterial culture is carried out to confirm the diagnosis, and then specific biochemical tests are performed for the characterization of the etiologic agent. cu ... | 2010 | 21229192 |
| identification of surrogates and correlates of protection in protective immunity against mycobacterium bovis infection induced in neonatal calves by vaccination with m. bovis bcg pasteur and m. bovis bcg danish. | vaccination of neonatal calves with mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) induces a significant degree of protection against infection with virulent m. bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (btb). we compared two strains of bcg, pasteur and danish, in order to confirm that the current european human vaccine strain (bcg danish) induced protective immunity in calves, and we assessed immune responses to determine correlates of protection that could assist future vaccine eva ... | 2011 | 21228141 |
| cc chemokine receptor 4 contributes to innate nk and chronic stage t helper cell recall responses during mycobacterium bovis infection. | cysteine-cysteinyl chemokine receptor 4 (ccr4) is expressed by a variety of t-cell subsets and leukocytes. this study examined the participation of ccr4 in response to pulmonary infection with mycobacterium bovis bacille-calmette-guerin (bcg). constitutive and induced ccr4 agonist expression was detected among large mononuclear cells. the course of infection and mobilization of effector cell populations were then analyzed in ccr4 knockout (ccr4(-/-)) mice. compared with controls, ccr4(-/-) mice ... | 2010 | 21224060 |
| esat-6- and cfp-10-specific th1, th22 and th17 cells in tuberculous pleurisy may contribute to the local immune response against mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. | th1 cell-mediated adaptive immune response is very important but may not be sufficient to control mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tuberculosis) infection. the roles of the various t cell subsets and cytokines in the inflammatory processes are not clearly elucidated. we investigated whether th1, th22 and th17 cells mediated cellular immunity at the local site of m. tuberculosis infection in patients with tuberculous pleurisy (tbp). the results showed that the cytokines ifn-? and il-22 but not il-1 ... | 2011 | 21223348 |
| value of bone marrow biopsy in children with suspected disseminated mycobacterial disease. | disseminated tuberculosis (tb) is a severe form of disease that can be difficult to diagnose or exclude. the diagnostic role of bone marrow biopsy and culture in children with suspected disseminated tb is not clearly defined. | 2011 | 21219681 |
| serologic tests for detecting antibodies against mycobacterium bovis and mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in eurasian wild boar (sus scrofa scrofa). | new tools to detect exposure of free-range eurasian wild boar (sus scrofa scrofa) to pathogenic mycobacteria would be valuable for improved disease surveillance and wildlife management. two hundred sera from wild boar of known mycobacterium bovis infection status were used to evaluate test suitability for the detection of antibodies against m. bovis and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (or cross-reacting members of the m. avium complex). two traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent ass ... | 2011 | 21217031 |
| mycobacterium bovis (bacille calmette-guérin) bacteremia in immunocompetent neonates following vaccination. | we describe four cases of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex bacteremia diagnosed in immunocompetent neonates, who presented with high fever and/or jaundice within 72 h after bacille calmette-guérin (bcg) vaccination. all neonates were hospitalized, and none received anti-mycobacterial therapy. all recovered completely and remain healthy 2-3.5 years later. genotyping of one available isolate identified the pathogen as mycobacterium bovis bcg. the similar clinical presentations and close temporal ... | 2011 | 21215347 |
| targeted induction of antigen expression within dendritic cells modulates antigen-specific immunity afforded by recombinant bcg. | the targeted modulation of antigen expression by recombinant vaccine vehicles would significantly aid development of effective immunotherapeutic strategies. in this report we demonstrate that the mycobacterium tuberculosis hspx promoter can be used to regulate in vivo induction of antigens expressed by recombinant bacille calmette guérin (rbcg). hspx promoter induction occurred rapidly upon entry of rbcg into cultured dendritic cells (dcs), as evidenced by gfp levels in dcs when infected with bc ... | 2011 | 21211591 |
| monitoring of the intra-dermal tuberculosis skin test performed by belgian field practitioners. | the present study aimed to monitor skin test practices as performed by veterinarian field practitioners in belgium. for this purpose, an anonymous postal questionnaire was elaborated and dispatched to veterinarians involved in bovine tuberculosis detection. the questionnaire included items focusing on the skin test performance. international experts in the field of bovine tuberculosis were asked to fill the questionnaire and a scoring scale was built as follows: 0='ideal' answer, 1=acceptable an ... | 2011 | 21208632 |
| [analysis of esat-6-specific multifunctional cd4+; t cells in pleural fluid from patients with tuberculous pleurisy]. | to evaluate cytokine production by cd4(+); t cells and frequency of multifunctional cd4(+); t cells after stimulation with esat-6 peptide pool. to understand the role of esat-6 specific cd4(+); t cells in the control of local tb infection. | 2011 | 21208559 |
| identification of arylamine n-acetyltransferase inhibitors as an approach towards novel anti-tuberculars. | new anti-tubercular drugs and drug targets are urgently needed to reduce the time for treatment and also to identify agents that will be effective against mycobacterium tuberculosis persisting intracellularly. mycobacteria have a unique cell wall. deletion of the gene for arylamine n-acetyltransferase (nat) decreases mycobacterial cell wall lipids, particularly the distinctive mycolates, and also increases antibiotic susceptibility and killing within macrophage of mycobacterium bovis bcg. the na ... | 2010 | 21204000 |
| identification of four novel dc-sign ligands on mycobacterium bovis bcg. | dendritic-cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin (dc-sign; cd209) has an important role in mediating adherence of mycobacteria species, including m. tuberculosis and m. bovis bcg to human dendritic cells and macrophages, in which these bacteria can survive intracellularly. dc-sign is a c-type lectin, and interactions with mycobacterial cells are believed to occur via mannosylated structures on the mycobacterial surface. recent studies suggest more varied modes of b ... | 2010 | 21203928 |
| reactive oxygen species-activated p38/erk 1/2 mapk signaling pathway in the mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette guérin (bcg)-induced ccl2 secretion in human monocytic cell line thp-1. | ccl2 plays an important role in mycobacterial infection by inducing leukocyte recruitment and activation. here we assess the role of reactive oxygen species (ros) in the secretion of the ccl2 and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks) by human monocytic cells infected with mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette guérin (bcg). | 2010 | 21199725 |
| the impact of transcriptomics on the fight against tuberculosis: focus on biomarkers, bcg vaccination, and immunotherapy. | in 1882 robert koch identified mycobacterium tuberculosis as the causative agent of tuberculosis (tb), a disease as ancient as humanity. although there has been more than 125 years of scientific effort aimed at understanding the disease, serious problems in tb persist that contribute to the estimated 1/3 of the world population infected with this pathogen. nonetheless, during the first decade of the 21st century, there were new advances in the fight against tb. the development of high-throughput ... | 2010 | 21197423 |
| tuberculosis immunity: opportunities from studies with cattle. | mycobacterium tuberculosis and m. bovis share >99% genetic identity and induce similar host responses and disease profiles upon infection. there is a rich history of codiscovery in the development of control measures applicable to both human and bovine tuberculosis (tb) including skin-testing procedures, m. bovis bcg vaccination, and interferon-γ release assays. the calf tb infection model offers several opportunities to further our understanding of tb immunopathogenesis. recent observations inc ... | 2010 | 21197095 |
| severe axillary lymphadenitis after bcg vaccination: alert for primary immunodeficiencies. | the bacilli calmette-guérin (bcg) vaccine is administered to all newborns in countries where tuberculosis is endemic. immunocompromised hosts, namely patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection or primary immunodeficiencies, are especially prone to serious complications from this vaccine. we report three cases of bcg disease in children with primary immunodeficiencies: one with a partial recessive interferon-γ receptor 1 deficiency, who developed bcg dissemination; and two relatives wit ... | 2010 | 21195982 |
| increased il-17 expression is associated with pathology in a bovine model of tuberculosis. | the identification of bovine tuberculosis (btb) biomarkers in specific stages of the disease will contribute to a better understanding of the immunopathology associated with tuberculosis and to improve the disease diagnosis and prognosis. the aim of this study was to understand the changing profile of the immune responses during the course of infection and to identify biomarkers associated with pathology. here we describe the immune response developed in experimentally infected cattle with field ... | 2010 | 21185783 |
| divergence of immunologic and protective responses of different bcg strains in a murine model. | the ongoing evolution of bcg after its introduction in 1921 resulted in strains that differ genetically and phenotypically. based on a genomic deletion (region of difference 2 or rd2) that occurred between 1927 and 1931, bcg strains can be sub-classified by the presence or absence of rd2. the existence of other mutations that distinguish bcg strains precludes simple comparison of rd2-positive and rd2-negative bcg strains to determine the importance, if any, of rd2 for vaccine protection. in this ... | 2010 | 21184855 |
| il-17 production by γδ t cells is important for the antitumor effect of mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin treatment against bladder cancer. | intravesical inoculation of mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) has been used for the treatment of bladder cancer. recent studies implied the requirement of neutrophil infiltration for the antitumor effect. in this study, we found that il-17 was produced in the bladder after bcg treatment, preceding the infiltration of neutrophils. neutrophils in the bladder after bcg treatment were reduced in il-17-deficient mice, in which bcg-induced antitumor effect against intravesically inocu ... | 2010 | 21182095 |
| il-17 in protective immunity to intracellular pathogens. | the identification of a new t cell subset referred to as t helper 17 (th17) cells and its role in protective immunity against extracellular bacterial infections is well established. in contrast, initial studies suggested that the il-23-il-17 pathway was not required for protection against intracellular pathogens such as mycobacterial infections. however, recent studies demonstrate that th17-il-23 pathway may play a crucial role in protective immunity against other intracellular pathogens by regu ... | 2010 | 21178483 |
| evaluation of mycobacterial virulence using rabbit skin liquefaction model. | liquefaction is an important pathological process that can subsequently lead to cavitation where large numbers of bacilli can be coughed up which in turn causes spread of tuberculosis in humans. current animal models to study the liquefaction process and to evaluate virulence of mycobacteria are tedious. in this study, we evaluated a rabbit skin model as a rapid model for liquefaction and virulence assessment using m. bovis bcg, m. tuberculosis avirulent strain h37ra, m. smegmatis, and the h37ra ... | 2010 | 21178434 |
| first in humans: a new molecularly defined vaccine shows excellent safety and strong induction of long-lived mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific th1-cell like responses. | tuberculosis (tb) remains a major killer worldwide. the only available tb-vaccine, the nearly century-old mycobacterium bovis bcg, has had only a limited effect on tb incidence. therefore, developing new tb vaccines is a key priority, and the first new generation tb vaccines are now being tested in clinical trials. here we describe the development and first testing in humans of a novel, wholly synthetic tb subunit vaccine. this vaccine has proven safe and highly immunogenic in all species in whi ... | 2010 | 21178394 |
| identification, diagnostic potential, and natural expression of immunodominant seroreactive peptides encoded by five mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific genomic regions. | comparative genomic studies have identified several mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific genomic regions of difference (rds) which are absent in the vaccine strains of mycobacterium bovis bcg and which may be useful in the specific diagnosis of tuberculosis (tb). in this study, a total of 775 synthetic peptides covering the sequences of 39 open reading frame (orf) proteins encoded by genes predicted in five rds of m. tuberculosis, i.e., rd1, rd4, rd5, rd6, and rd7, were tested by enzyme-linked im ... | 2010 | 21177915 |
| [cytokine production and clonal analysis of memory γδ t cells from patients with tuberculous pleurisy induced by bacille calmette guerin]. | to evaluate cytokine production and expression of γδ t cells within pleural fluid cells (pfcs) from patients with tuberculous pleurisy following bacille calmette guerin (bcg) stimulation. | 2010 | 21176511 |
| [correlation between the expression of perforin in t-lymphocyte subsets and antituberculosis in mice vaccinated with bacillus calmette-guerin]. | to investigate the relationship between the expression of perforin in t-lymphocyte subsets and antituberculosis in mice vaccinated with bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg). | 2010 | 21176510 |
| maintenance therapy with bacillus calmette-guérin connaught strain clearly prolongs recurrence-free survival following transurethral resection of bladder tumour for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. | study type - therapy (rct) level of evidence 1b objective: to confirm the recurrence-preventing efficacy and safety of 18-month bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) maintenance therapy for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. patients and methods: the enrolled patients had been diagnosed with recurrent or multiple non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (stage ta or t1) after complete transurethral resection of bladder tumours (turbt). the patients were randomized into three treatment groups: a maintenance ... | 2010 | 21176079 |
| synergistic antitumor effects of escherichia coli maltose binding protein and bacillus calmette-guerin in a mouse lung carcinoma model. | maltose binding protein (mbp) is a component of the maltose transport system in the periplasm of escherichia coli. it is commonly believed that mbp has minimal effects on the bioactivity, thus, it is widely used in the purification of recombinant proteins. here, we found that the combined immunization with mbp and bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg) significantly inhibited tumor growth compared with mbp or bcg immunization alone in a mouse lung carcinoma model. further studies showed that mbp nonspec ... | 2010 | 21172388 |
| the clinical impact of the classification of carcinoma in situ on tumor recurrence and their clinical course in patients with bladder tumor. | to evaluate recurrence and clinical course of bladder carcinoma in situ according to the current carcinoma in situ classification by analyzing the patients with diagnosed carcinoma in situ in our hospital. | 2010 | 21169349 |
| late bacille calmette-guérin infection with a large focal urinary bladder ulceration as a complication of bladder cancer treatment. | study type - therapy (case series) level of evidence 4 what's known on the subject? and what does the study add? intravesical bcg treatment has been used worldwide for many decades but there are only a few published reports on persisting bcg infection of the urinary bladder. this is the first report on large tuberculosis-like ulcers of the urinary bladder after intravesical bcg treatment. the finding results in a recommendation to take urine cultures for mycobacteriae in patients with unclear in ... | 2010 | 21166754 |
| evaluation of dna extraction techniques for detecting mycobacterium tuberculosis complex organisms in asian elephant trunk wash samples. | rapid and sensitive diagnostic assays for the detection of tuberculous mycobacteria in elephants are lacking. dna extraction with pcr analysis is useful for tuberculosis screening in many species but has not been validated on elephant trunk wash samples. we estimated the analytical sensitivity and specificity of three dna extraction methods to detect mycobacterium tuberculosis complex organisms in trunk wash specimens. a zr soil microbe dna kit (zr) and a traditional salt and ethanol precipitati ... | 2010 | 21159933 |
| stable expression of leptospira interrogans antigens in auxotrophic mycobacterium bovis bcg. | mycobacterium bovis bcg has been proposed as an effective live vector for multivalent vaccines. the development of mycobacterial genetic systems to express foreign antigens and the adjuvanticity of bcg are the basis for the potential use of this attenuated mycobacterium as a recombinant vaccine vector. stable plasmid vectors without antibiotic resistance markers are needed for heterologous antigen expression in bcg. our group recently described the construction of a bcg expression system using a ... | 2010 | 21157628 |
| toxicogenomic response of mycobacterium bovis bcg to peracetic acid and a comparative analysis of the m. bovis bcg response to three oxidative disinfectants. | tuberculosis is a leading cause of death worldwide and infects thousands of americans annually. mycobacterium bovis causes tuberculosis in humans and several animal species. peracetic acid is an approved tuberculocide in hospital and domestic environments. this study presents for the first time the transcriptomic changes in m. bovis bcg after treatment with 0.1 mm peracetic acid for 10 and 20 min. this study also presents for the first time a comparison among the transcriptomic responses of m. b ... | 2010 | 21152916 |
| cationic amino acid transporters and salmonella typhimurium argt collectively regulate arginine availability towards intracellular salmonella growth. | cationic amino acid transporters (mcat1 and mcat2b) regulate the arginine availability in macrophages. how in the infected cell a pathogen can alter the arginine metabolism of the host remains to be understood. we reveal here a novel mechanism by which salmonella exploit mcat1 and mcat2b to acquire host arginine towards its own intracellular growth within antigen presenting cells. we demonstrate that salmonella infected bone marrow derived macrophages and dendritic cells show enhanced arginine u ... | 2010 | 21151933 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility testing of mycobacterium bovis isolates from michigan white-tailed deer during the 2009 hunting season. | michigan has had an ongoing outbreak of endemic mycobacterium bovis which has been recognized within and sustained by its free-ranging white-tailed deer population since 1994. worldwide, organisms within the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex have exhibited the ability to develop resistance to antimicrobial agents, resulting in both the multidrug-resistant (mdr) and extensively drug-resistant (xdr) strains of human tuberculosis. michigan's bovine tuberculosis working group has conducted active a ... | 2010 | 21151656 |
| editor's choice: editorial commentary: low level inh-resistant bcg: a sheep in wolf's clothing? | 2011 | 21148525 | |
| editor's choice: implications of isoniazid resistance in mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin used for immunotherapy in bladder cancer. | we report a case of sepsis from mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) with low-level isoniazid resistance following intravesical treatment for bladder cancer. isoniazid resistance in bcg has therapeutic implications when it causes infections after intravesical instillation. for these circumstances, we propose some modifications to existing treatment guidelines for bcg infection. | 2011 | 21148524 |
| pd-l2 induction on dendritic cells exposed to mycobacterium avium downregulates bcg-specific t cell response. | the exposure to certain species of nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) can modulate the immune response induced by mycobacterium bovis bcg. mycobacterium avium has been postulated as a weak inducer of dendritic cell (dc) maturation. however, how the dc exposure to m. avium could contribute to the modulation of a bcg-specific cd4+ t cell response and the molecules involved remain unknown. here, we exposed bone marrow-derived dcs (bmdcs) to m. avium either prior to exposure to bcg or as a unique sti ... | 2010 | 21147037 |
| tuberculosis in wild animals. | 2010 | 21144234 | |
| mycobacterium bovis infection in the eurasian badger (meles meles): the disease, pathogenesis, epidemiology and control. | eurasian badgers (meles meles) are an important wildlife reservoir of tuberculosis (mycobacterium bovis) infection in ireland and the united kingdom. as part of national programmes to control tuberculosis in livestock, considerable effort has been devoted to studying the disease in badgers and this has lead to a rapid increase in our knowledge of tuberculosis in this host. tuberculosis in badgers is a chronic infection and in a naturally-infected population the severity of disease can vary widel ... | 2010 | 21131004 |
| a novel screening method based on menadione mediated rapid reduction of tetrazolium salt for testing of anti-mycobacterial agents. | a microplate-based rapid, inexpensive and robust technique is developed by using tetrazolium salt 2,3-bis[2-methyloxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2h-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (xtt) and menadione to determine the viability of mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterium bovis bcg and mycobacterium smegmatis bacilli in microplate format. in general, xtt reduction is an extremely slow process which takes almost 24 h to produce a detectable signal. menadione could drastically induce this reduction to an a ... | 2010 | 21129420 |
| [effect of bacillus calmette-guerin on the expansion of dendritic cells from peripheral blood of pediatric patients with leukemia in vitro]. | this study was purposed to investigate the effect of bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg) on the expansion of human dendritic cells (dc) from peripheral blood of pediatric patients with leukemia in vitro. the experiment was divi-ded into two groups: the control and the test group, and the latter group was divided into 3 subgroups: bcg (only bcg), gti (gm-csf, tnf-α, il-4) and gtib (gm-csf, tnf-α, il-4 plus bcg). on day 9 of culture the dcs were counted in each groups, the phenotypes of dc were determi ... | 2010 | 21129268 |
| biochemical and immunological characterization of a cpn60.1 knockout mutant of mycobacterium bovis bcg. | pathogenic mycobacteria possess two homologous chaperones encoded by cpn60.1 and cpn60.2. cpn60.2 is essential for survival, providing the basic chaperone function, while cpn60.1 is not. in the present study we show that inactivation of the mycobacterium bovis bcg cpn60.1 (mb3451c) gene does not significantly affect bacterial growth in 7h9 broth, but that this knockout mutant (cpn60.1) forms smaller colonies on solid 7h11 medium than the parental and complemented strains. when growing on sauton ... | 2010 | 21127129 |
| a longitudinal study of bcg vaccination in early childhood: the development of innate and adaptive immune responses. | bcg vaccine drives a strong t helper 1 cellular immunity which is essential for the protection against mycobacteria, however recent studies suggest that bcg vaccination can have non-specific beneficial effects unrelated to tuberculosis. in the present cohort study the development of cytokine profiles following bcg vaccination was investigated. immune responses to ppd were assessed before vaccination and at ages of 5 months, 1 year, and 2 years, followed by bcg scar measurement at 4 years of age. ... | 2010 | 21124909 |
| bacillus calmette-guerin vaccination reduces the severity and progression of tuberculosis in badgers. | control of bovine tuberculosis (tb) in cattle has proven particularly challenging where reservoirs of infection exist in wildlife populations. in britain and ireland, control is hampered by a reservoir of infection in eurasian badgers (meles meles). badger culling has positive and negative effects on bovine tb in cattle and is difficult, costly and controversial. here we show that bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) vaccination of captive badgers reduced the progression, severity and excretion of myc ... | 2010 | 21123260 |
| approaches towards optimising the gamma interferon assay for diagnosing mycobacterium bovis infection in african buffalo (syncerus caffer). | the application of diagnostic tests for bovine tuberculosis in wildlife poses formidable technical difficulties and the use of the gamma interferon assay offers a simplified approach to testing wild animal species. we compared the performance of the gamma interferon assay in african buffalo (syncerus caffer) under the recommended guidelines for interpretation of test results and found a high sensitivity (92.1%) at the cost of a greatly reduced specificity (68.3%). the optimised cut-off value for ... | 2010 | 21122932 |
| case report: fatal case of disseminated bcg infection in an infant born to a mother taking infliximab for crohn's disease. | we present the case of a 28 year old lady with refractory crohn's disease treated with infliximab throughout her pregnancy. her baby was born healthy and received a bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) vaccine aged 3 months. soon after this the infant became unwell and died aged 4.5 months. at post-mortem the cause of death was attributed to an unusual complication of the bcg vaccine, known as disseminated bcg. bcg vaccination is contraindicated in individuals who are receiving immunosuppressive drugs ... | 2010 | 21122568 |
| vaccine efficacy of mycobacterium bovis bcg against mycobacterium sp. infection in amberjack seriola dumerili. | mycobacteriosis, caused by the intracellular parasitism mycobacterium sp., causes economic damages to aquaculture production in japan, particularly in seriola fish production. antibiotics are not effective against mycobacterium sp. and so a potent vaccine is needed. we previously reported that bcg vaccine (mycobacterium bovis bcg) induces adaptive immunity against mycobacterium sp. in japanese flounder, paralichthys olivaceus. in a phylogenetic tree, the genes for a major antigen, the ag85 compl ... | 2010 | 21111051 |
| photodegradation of target oligosaccharides by light-activated small molecules. | 2010 | 21110364 | |
| genotyping did not evidence any contribution of mycobacterium bovis to human tuberculosis in brazil. | the contribution of mycobacterium bovis to the global burden of tuberculosis (tb) in man is likely to be underestimated due to its dysgonic growth characteristics and because of the absence of pyruvate in most used media is disadvantageous for its primary isolation. in brazil mycobacterium culture, identification and susceptibility tests are performed only in tb reference centers, usually for selected cases. moreover, solid, egg-based, glycerol-containing (without pyruvate supplementation) löwen ... | 2010 | 21106441 |
| bcg-itis in two antiretroviral-treated hiv-infected infants. | although vaccination with bacille calmette-guérin (bcg) is considered safe, adverse regional (bcg-itis) and disseminated (bcg-osis) diseases preferentially occur in the immunocompromised host. the infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) by mother-to-child transmission leads to impaired cellular immune responses, a situation that poses a great challenge regarding the universal use of bcg vaccine. world health organization recommends that children who are known to be hiv-infected, even i ... | 2010 | 21097744 |
| african 2, a clonal complex of mycobacterium bovis epidemiologically important in east africa. | we have identified a clonal complex of mycobacterium bovis isolated at high frequency from cattle in uganda, burundi, tanzania, and ethiopia. we have named this related group of m. bovis strains the african 2 (af2) clonal complex of m. bovis. af2 strains are defined by a specific chromosomal deletion (rdaf2) and can be identified by the absence of spacers 3 to 7 in their spoligotype patterns. deletion analysis of m. bovis isolates from algeria, mali, chad, nigeria, cameroon, south africa, and mo ... | 2010 | 21097608 |
| supplemental treatment of air in airborne infection isolation rooms using high-throughput in-room air decontamination units. | evidence has recently emerged indicating that in addition to large airborne droplets, fine aerosol particles can be an important mode of influenza transmission that may have been hitherto underestimated. furthermore, recent performance studies evaluating airborne infection isolation (aii) rooms designed to house infectious patients have revealed major discrepancies between what is prescribed and what is actually measured. | 2010 | 21095042 |
| the immunity and protective effects of antigen 85a and heat-shock protein x against progressive tuberculosis. | the anti-tuberculosis vaccine, mycobacterium bovis bcg, has been used worldwide, but its protective efficacy is variable against adult pulmonary tuberculosis. in this study, immune responses of antigen 85a (ag85a) and heat-shock protein x (hspx) antigen of mycobacterium tuberculosis were investigated during acute and stationary stage of infection in the murine aerosol tb challenge model and their protective effects were evaluated against progressive tuberculosis. a high level of ag85a-specific i ... | 2010 | 21093603 |
| acceptance and palatability for domestic and wildlife hosts of baits designed to deliver a tuberculosis vaccine to wild boar piglets. | tuberculosis (tb) caused by mycobacterium bovis, a member of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, is an important health problem worldwide. the control of tb through vaccination of wildlife reservoirs may potentially have advantages over other management strategies. the most practical approach to deliver vaccines to wildlife is using oral baits that are stable under field conditions and effective in reaching the target species. baits were developed in our laboratory to deliver oral vaccines t ... | 2010 | 21093082 |
| zoonotic tuberculosis: on the decline. | mycobacterium bovis is a zoonotic member of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex responsible for a clinical syndrome indistinguishable from that due to m. tuberculosis. in australia, infection with m. bovis has historically been associated with employment in the livestock industry or immigration from countries in which animal disease is endemic. it currently accounts for 0.2% of all human cases of tuberculosis within australia. this paper describes a case of pulmonary m. bovis in a butcher and ... | 2010 | 21090190 |
| prioritizing emerging zoonoses in the netherlands. | to support the development of early warning and surveillance systems of emerging zoonoses, we present a general method to prioritize pathogens using a quantitative, stochastic multi-criteria model, parameterized for the netherlands. | 2010 | 21085625 |
| efficient lung recruitment of respiratory syncytial virus-specific th1 cells induced by recombinant bacillus calmette-guérin promotes virus clearance and protects from infection. | infection by the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) can cause extensive inflammation and lung damage in susceptible hosts due to a th2-biased immune response. such a deleterious inflammatory response can be enhanced by immunization with formalin- or uv-inactivated rsv, as well as with vaccinia virus expressing the rsv-g protein. recently, we have shown that vaccination with rbcg-expressing rsv ags can prevent the disease in the mouse. to further understand the immunological mechanisms responsible ... | 2010 | 21084664 |
| increased pulmonary tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6 (il-6), and il-17a responses compensate for decreased gamma interferon production in anti-il-12 autovaccine-treated, mycobacterium bovis bcg-vaccinated mice. | interleukin-12 (il-12) and il-23 (which share a p40 subunit) are pivotal cytokines in the generation of protective th1/th17-type immune responses upon infection with the intracellular pathogen mycobacterium tuberculosis. the role of il-12 and il-23 in protection conferred by the tuberculosis vaccine mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) is, however, less well documented. by using an autovaccine approach, i.e., il-12p70 cross-linked with ovalbumin and padre peptide formulated with th ... | 2010 | 21084465 |
| host expression of methylmalonyl-coa mutase and tuberculosis: a missing link? | bovine tuberculosis (btb) is a disease caused by mycobacterium bovis and closely related species of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. btb is an important health problem affecting livestock, wild animals and accounting for up to 10% of human tb cases worldwide. several hypotheses have been considered to explain the low incidence of active tb despite high infection rates and the variable response to bcg vaccination. these hypotheses have considered genetic factors of immunized individuals an ... | 2010 | 21084167 |
| flow cytometry sorting of recombinant mycobacterial species yields bacterial clones with enhanced insert expression. | recombinant mycobacteria hold promise as vectors for delivery of hiv-1 and other pathogen antigen inserts for inducing systemic and mucosal immune responses. in general, the immunogenicity of the recombinant mycobacterial insert is proportional to the level of insert expression. in this study, a novel flow cytometry-based assay has been developed to sort live recombinant mycobacterial mutants with high expression of foreign inserts and to enrich those sorted bacterial populations. sorted recombi ... | 2010 | 21068210 |
| antibody response to a sterile filtered ppd tuberculin in m. bovis infected and m. bovis sensitized cattle. | bovine tuberculosis, caused by mycobacterium bovis, afflicts approximately 50 million cattle worldwide and is detected by the tuberculin skin test (tst). while it has long been recognized that purified protein derivative (ppd) tuberculin is composed of a mixture of m. bovis derived protein components, little is known about the quality, relative quantity and identity of the proteins that make up ppd tuberculin. we manufactured a sterile filtered ppd tuberculin (sf-ppd) from a nine-week-old m. bov ... | 2010 | 21062483 |
| [statistical analysis of distribution of antibody level against mycobacterium bovis antigens for bovine tuberculosis diagnostics]. | antibody responses to purified protein derivate ppd of tuberculin and to antigens mpb63 and mpb83 of mycobacterium bovis were determined in bovine herd (94 adult animals). statistical approach based on approximation by multiple gaussians with levenberg-marquardt algorithm for analysis of antibody level distribution against antigens examined was provided. our results confirm that indirect elisa with recombinant mpb83 and mpb63 as well as conventional ppd could be used for test-systems development ... | 2010 | 21061689 |
| strain-specific differences in the genetic control of two closely related mycobacteria. | the host response to mycobacterial infection depends on host and pathogen genetic factors. recent studies in human populations suggest a strain specific genetic control of tuberculosis. to test for mycobacterial-strain specific genetic control of susceptibility to infection under highly controlled experimental conditions, we performed a comparative genetic analysis using the a/j- and c57bl/6j-derived recombinant congenic (rc) mouse panel infected with the russia and pasteur strains of mycobacter ... | 2010 | 21060820 |
| cisplatin inhibits protein splicing, suggesting inteins as therapeutic targets in mycobacteria. | mycobacterium tuberculosis harbors three protein splicing elements, called inteins, in critical genes and their protein products. post-translational removal of the inteins occurs autocatalytically and is required for function of the respective m. tuberculosis proteins. inteins are therefore potential targets for antimycobacterial agents. in this work, we report that the splicing activity of the intein present in the reca recombinase of m. tuberculosis is potently inhibited by the anticancer drug ... | 2010 | 21059649 |
| immunogenicity and in vitro protective efficacy of recombinant mycobacterium bovis bacille calmette guerin (rbcg) expressing the 19 kda merozoite surface protein-1 (msp-1(19)) antigen of plasmodium falciparum. | vaccine development against the blood-stage malaria parasite is aimed at reducing the pathology of the disease. we constructed a recombinant mycobacterium bovis bacille calmette guerin (rbcg) expressing the 19 kda c-terminus of plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein-1 (msp-1(19)) to evaluate its protective ability against merozoite invasion of red blood cells in vitro. a mutated version of msp-1(19), previously shown to induce the production of inhibitory but not blocking antibodies, wa ... | 2010 | 21057812 |
| revisiting human il-12rβ1 deficiency: a survey of 141 patients from 30 countries. | interleukin-12 receptor β1 (il-12rβ1) deficiency is the most common form of mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (msmd). we undertook an international survey of 141 patients from 102 kindreds in 30 countries. among 102 probands, the first infection occurred at a mean age of 2.4 years. in 78 patients, this infection was caused by bacille calmette-guérin (bcg; n = 65), environmental mycobacteria (em; also known as atypical or nontuberculous mycobacteria) (n = 9) or mycobacterium tuber ... | 2010 | 21057261 |
| report of an international collaborative study to establish the first who reference reagents for bcg vaccines of three different sub-strains. | the who first international reference preparation for bcg vaccine is over forty years old and is no longer available for distribution due to stock depletion and its significant loss of viability. international consultations identified a demand for replacement with sub-strain specific bcg preparations. an international collaborative study was carried out to evaluate three candidates for who reference reagent for bcg vaccine of danish 1331, russian bcg-i and tokyo 172-1 sub-strains. these candidat ... | 2010 | 21055496 |
| antibodies protect against intracellular bacteria by fc receptor-mediated lysosomal targeting. | the protective effect of antibodies (abs) is generally attributed to neutralization or complement activation. using legionella pneumophila and mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin as a model, we discovered an additional mechanism of ab-mediated protection effective against intracellular pathogens that normally evade lysosomal fusion. we show that fc receptor (fcr) engagement by abs, which can be temporally and spatially separated from bacterial infection, renders the host cell nonpermiss ... | 2010 | 21048081 |
| correlation between serum and plasma antibody titers to mycobacterial antigens. | the ability to utilize serum or plasma samples interchangeably is useful for tuberculosis (tb) serology. we demonstrate a strong correlation between antibody titers to several mycobacterial antigens in serum versus plasma from hiv-infected and non-hiv-infected tb and non-tb patients (r = 0.99 to 0.89; p < 0.0001). plasma and serum can be used interchangeably in the same antibody detection assays. | 2010 | 21047999 |
| pd-1-pd-l1 pathway impairs t(h)1 immune response in the late stage of infection with mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin. | a major concern still prevails as to the reason why various mycobacteria are able to persist within infected host in which protective immunity is generated. to address this question, we monitored the generation of protective t cells during infection with mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg). cd4(+) t cells obtained 3 weeks after infection conferred protection against mycobacterium tuberculosis challenge and produced ifn-γ and tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-α upon antigen stimulation. ... | 2010 | 21047981 |
| cysteine-cysteinyl chemokine receptor 6 mediates invariant natural killer t cell airway recruitment and innate stage resistance during mycobacterial infection. | this study examined the contribution of cysteine-cysteinyl chemokine receptor 6 (ccr6) to the innate pulmonary antimycobacterial immune response. using a mouse model of mycobacterium bovis bcg airway infection, we detected maximal induction of the ccr6 agonist ccl20 in lungs at 1 week after infection. infected ccr6 knockout (ccr6-/-) mice displayed an early impairment of bacterial clearance, but ultimately eliminated the attenuated organisms with the onset of adaptive immunity. flow-cytometric a ... | 2010 | 21042003 |
| nod2 controls the nature of the inflammatory response and subsequent fate of mycobacterium tuberculosis and m. bovis bcg in human macrophages. | mycobacterium tuberculosis (m.tb), which causes tuberculosis, is a host-adapted intracellular pathogen of macrophages. intracellular pattern recognition receptors in macrophages such as nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (nod) proteins regulate pro-inflammatory cytokine production. nod2-mediated signalling pathways in response to m.tb have been studied primarily in mouse models and cell lines but not in primary human macrophages. thus we sought to determine the role of nod2 in regulating ... | 2010 | 21040358 |
| atp synthase in slow- and fast-growing mycobacteria is active in atp synthesis and blocked in atp hydrolysis direction. | atp synthase is a validated drug target for the treatment of tuberculosis, and atp synthase inhibitors are promising candidate drugs for the treatment of infections caused by other slow-growing mycobacteria, such as mycobacterium leprae and mycobacterium ulcerans. atp synthase is an essential enzyme in the energy metabolism of mycobacterium tuberculosis; however, no biochemical data are available to characterize the role of atp synthase in slow-growing mycobacterial strains. here, we show that i ... | 2010 | 21039782 |
| dna vaccine constructs expressing mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific genes induce immune responses. | rd1 pe35, ppe68, esxa, esxb and rd9 esxv genes are present in mycobacterium tuberculosis genome but deleted in mycobacterium bovis bcg. the aim of this study was to clone these genes into dna vaccine vectors capable of expressing them in eukaryotic cells as fusion proteins, fused with immunostimulatory signal peptides of human interleukin-2 (hil-2) and tissue plasminogen activator (tpa), and evaluate the recombinant dna vaccine constructs for induction of antigen-specific cellular immune respons ... | 2010 | 21039735 |
| bacillus calmette-guerin and bcg cell wall skeleton suppressed viability of bladder cancer cells in vitro. | bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg) is one of therapeutic options for urothelial carcinoma (uc). the objectives of this study were to determine the direct effect of viable or heat-killed bcg and bcg cell wall skeleton (bcg-cws) on uc cells in vitro. | 2010 | 21036724 |
| identification of immunodominant antigens of mycobacterium bovis by expression library immunization. | this study combines two methodologies - vector expression of a genomic library and proteomics - to identify immunogenic proteins of mycobacterium bovis. immunization of balb/c mice with a plasmid dna pool from the library, containing approximately 8000 clones, induced a humoral response that facilitated the detection of 12 antigenic proteins by western blotting. two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) and mass spectrometry identified four proteins (cp ... | 2010 | 21036080 |
| ifn-γ release assay: a diagnostic assistance tool of tuberculin skin test in pediatric tuberculosis in china. | prompt diagnosis of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) infection is an essential step in tuberculosis control and elimination. however, it is often difficult to accurately diagnose pediatric tuberculosis (tb). the tuberculin test (tst) may have a low specificity because of cross-reactivity with antigens present in mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg) and other mycobacteria, especially in china with a predominantly bcg-vaccinated population. early-secreted antigenic target 6-kda prote ... | 2010 | 21034583 |
| effect of adjuvant-induced systemic inflammation in rats on hepatic disposition kinetics of taurocholate. | it has been reported that the adjuvant-induced inflammation could affect drug metabolism in liver. here we further investigated the effect of inflammation on drug transport in liver using taurocholate as a model drug. the hepatic disposition kinetics of [(3)h]taurocholate in perfused normal and adjuvant-treated rat livers were investigated by the multiple indicator dilution technique and data were analyzed by a previously reported hepatobiliary taurocholate transport model. real-time rt-pcr was ... | 2010 | 21030608 |
| proteogenomic analysis of polymorphisms and gene annotation divergences in prokaryotes using a clustered mass spectrometry-friendly database. | precise annotation of genes or open reading frames is still a difficult task that results in divergence even for data generated from the same genomic sequence. this has an impact in further proteomic studies, and also compromises the characterization of clinical isolates with many specific genetic variations that may not be represented in the selected database. we recently developed software called multistrain mass spectrometry prokaryotic database builder (msmspdbb) that can merge protein datab ... | 2010 | 21030493 |
| tuberculosis due to mycobacterium bovis in patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus. | we reviewed 86 cases of human immunodeficiency virus and tuberculosis coinfection; 34.9% were caused by mycobacterium bovis. patients with m. bovis infection were more likely to have advanced immunosuppression (cd4 t cell counts ≤200 cells/μl). hispanic ethnicity, male sex, and abdominal disease were strongly associated with m. bovis disease. | 2010 | 21028986 |
| intrafamilial cluster of pulmonary tuberculosis due to mycobacterium bovis of the african 1 clonal complex. | a new clonal complex of mycobacterium bovis present at high frequency in cattle from west central african countries has been described as the african 1 (af1) clonal complex. here, the first intrafamilial cluster of human tuberculosis cases due to m. bovis af1 clonal complex strains is reported. we discuss hypotheses regarding modes of transmission. | 2010 | 20980573 |
| mycobacterium leprae phenolglycolipid-1 expressed by engineered m. bovis bcg modulates early interaction with human phagocytes. | the species-specific phenolic glycolipid 1 (pgl-1) is suspected to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of leprosy, a chronic disease of the skin and peripheral nerves caused by mycobacterium leprae. based on studies using the purified compound, pgl-1 was proposed to mediate the tropism of m. leprae for the nervous system and to modulate host immune responses. however, deciphering the biological function of this glycolipid has been hampered by the inability to grow m. leprae in vitro and to ... | 2010 | 20975946 |
| region of difference 2 contributes to virulence of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | mycobacterium bovis bcg strains are live, attenuated vaccines generated through decades of in vitro passage. because in vitro growth does not select for interaction with the host, it has been hypothesized that genetic loci lost from bcg code for virulence determinants that are dispensable for growth in the laboratory, as exemplified by region of difference 1 (rd1), which was lost during the original derivation of bcg between 1908 and 1921. region of difference 2 (rd2) was lost during the ongoing ... | 2010 | 20974821 |
| lateral flow assay for rapid differentiation of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and 97 species of mycobacteria other than tuberculosis grown in löwenstein-jensen and tk-slc medium. | mycobacterial antigen mpb64 is a secretory protein specific for mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. a lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (ica) is a method used for the rapid differentiation of m. tuberculosis complex. | 2010 | 20966560 |
| genetic correlations between measures of mycobacterium bovis infection and economically important traits in irish holstein-friesian dairy cows. | mycobacterium bovis is the primary agent of tuberculosis (tb) in cattle. the failure of ireland and some other countries to reach tb-free status indicates a need to investigate complementary control strategies. one such approach would be genetic selection for increased resistance to tb. previous research has shown that considerable genetic variation exists for susceptibility to the measures of m. bovis infection, confirmed m. bovis infection, and m. bovis-purified protein derivative (ppd) respon ... | 2010 | 20965357 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in grazing cattle in central ethiopia. | a preliminary study to characterise mycobacteria infecting tuberculous cattle from two different management systems in central ethiopia was carried out. approximately 27% of isolates from grazing cattle were mycobacterium tuberculosis, while cattle in a more intensive-production system were exclusively infected with m. bovis. the practice of local farmers discharging chewed tobacco directly into the mouths of pastured cattle was identified as a potential route of human-to-cattle transmission of ... | 2010 | 20965132 |
| cutaneous complication after bcg vaccination: case report and review of the literature. | abstract the bacille calmette-guérin (bcg) vaccination protects against tuberculosis (tb)-related meningitis and disseminated tuberculosis. while severe complications after bcg vaccination are relatively rare, different cutaneous reactions have been reported. we report a patient with a 7-mm erythematous nodule at a distance of 4 cm from the bcg injection site. histopathologically, a necrotizing granulomatous reaction pattern was seen in the dermis. although complementary stainings did not detect ... | 2010 | 20964574 |
| synthesis, biological activity, and evaluation of the mode of action of novel antitubercular benzofurobenzopyrans substituted on a ring. | the 8-, 9-, 10-, and 11-halo, hydroxy, and methoxy derivatives of the antimycobacterial 3,3-dimethyl-3h-benzofuro[3,2-f][1]benzopyran were synthesized by condensation of the diazonium salts of 2-chloroanilines (13-17) with 1,4-benzoquinone (18), reduction of the intermediate phenylbenzoquinones 19-22 to dihydroxybiphenyls, cyclisation to halo-2-hydroxydibenzofurans 24-27, and construction of the pyran ring by thermal rearrangement of the corresponding dimethylpropargyl ethers 35-38. palladium ca ... | 2010 | 20961671 |
| characterization of pathogen-specific expression of host immune response genes in anaplasma and mycobacterium species infected ruminants. | anaplasma and mycobacterium species are among the most prevalent bacterial pathogens in european red deer (cervus elaphus) in south-central spain and are known to modify gene expression in ruminants. in this study, we used microarray hybridization and real-time rt-pcr analyses to characterize global gene expression profiles in red deer in response to anaplasma ovis and a. ovis/mycobacterium bovis/mycobacterium avium sub. paratuberculosis (map) infections, compare the expression of immune respons ... | 2010 | 20952064 |
| the immune responses of central and effector memory bcg-specific cd4+ t cells in bcg-vaccinated ppd+ donors were modulated by treg cells. | most of the studies evaluating the function of tuberculosis (tb)-specific t cells were only based on the ability to produce cytokines, which may not fully reflect the function of t cells. in the present study, we confirmed that bacille calmette guerin (bcg) could significantly induce cytokine production by cd4(+) t cells from bcg-vaccinated ppd(+) donors. in addition, cd4(+) t cells were activated, divided and proliferated in response to bcg stimulation. phenotypic analysis showed that ifn-γ(+)c ... | 2010 | 20950889 |
| cd36 deficiency attenuates experimental mycobacterial infection. | members of the cd36 scavenger receptor family have been implicated as sensors of microbial products that mediate phagocytosis and inflammation in response to a broad range of pathogens. we investigated the role of cd36 in host response to mycobacterial infection. | 2010 | 20950462 |
| a defined tuberculosis vaccine candidate boosts bcg and protects against multidrug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis. | despite the widespread use of the childhood vaccine against tuberculosis (tb), mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg), the disease remains a serious global health problem. a successful vaccine against tb that replaces or boosts bcg would include antigens that induce or recall the appropriate t cell responses. four mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) antigens--including members of the virulence factor families pe/ppe and esx or antigens associated with latency--were produced as a single ... | 2010 | 20944089 |