Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| study of hand hygiene and enteroparasite infestation among food handlers working in a medical college of north india. | the present study was conducted to assess: 1) prevalence of enteroparasite infestation among food handlers working in food service establishments located in the campus of a medical college, 2) presence of enteric organisms on their hands and nails and their hand washing practices. a total of 151 food handlers were interviewed regarding their socio-demographic and professional characteristics. their hand washing practices were also observed. stool examination for enteroparasites and stool culture ... | 2006 | 16933748 |
| [sequence of escherichia coli o11 o-antigen gene cluster and identification of molecular markers specific to o11]. | escherichia coli o11 belongs to shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec), which can cause food-borne disease, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (hus) in humans. because of its character of specificity, the o-antigen gene cluster provides the best material for the selection of molecular markers which can be used for rapid genotyping of bacterial strain. in this study, the e.coli o11 o-antigen gene cluster was amplified by long-range pcr and was sequenced using shotgun-sequen ... | 2006 | 16933598 |
| structural and genetic characterization of shigella boydii type 17 o antigen and confirmation of two new genes involved in the synthesis of glucolactilic acid. | shigella strains are human pathogens and normally identified based on their o antigens. the chemical structure and gene cluster of shigella boydii type 17 o antigen were studied. as judged by sugar and methylation analyses along with nmr spectroscopy data, the o antigen of s. boydii type 17 has a linear trisaccharide o unit, which consists of two residues of n-acetylgalactosamine (galnac) and a 4-o-[(r)-1-carboxyethyl]-d-glucose (glucolactilic acid). the o antigen gene cluster of s. boydii type ... | 2006 | 16930547 |
| verotoxin-1 induction of apoptosis in gb3-expressing human glioma cell lines. | the aim of this study was to examine the cytotoxicity and mechanism of apoptosis induction of verotoxin-1 (vt-1) in human glioma cell lines. vt-1 is a member of the shiga-toxin family expressed by some serotypes of escherichia coli and shigella dysenteriae. shiga-toxins have been shown to induce apoptosis by binding to its membrane receptor gb3. the human glioma cell lines sf-767, u-343 mg, and u-251 mg were studied together with bt4c, a rat glioma cell line. cells were first screened for gb3 ex ... | 2006 | 16929170 |
| use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for comparison of similar but distinguishable isolates of shigella sonnei collected in ireland and italy. | comparison of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns (generated with xbai and blni) of shigella sonnei isolates from ireland and italy suggests that two possibly distantly related lineages are present in both countries. smaller, more closely related groups, including isolates from ireland and italy, were also noted. these groups raise the possibility that the dissemination of clonal groups of s. sonnei may have occurred in recent years. | 2006 | 16928969 |
| structure of yidb protein from shigella flexneri shows a new fold with homeodomain motif. | 2006 | 16927377 | |
| cholesterol is required to trigger caspase-1 activation and macrophage apoptosis after phagosomal escape of shigella. | pro-inflammatory macrophage apoptosis is pivotal in the aetiology of bacillary dysentery, an acute inflammatory diarrhoea caused by shigella spp. s. flexneri triggers its uptake by macrophages, escapes the phagosome and kills the host cell by a cytotoxic pathway, which activates and requires caspase-1 [interleukin (il)-1beta-converting enzyme] and releases mature il-1beta. the bacterial type iii-secreted translocator/effector protein ipab triggers cell death and directly binds to caspase-1. here ... | 2007 | 16925787 |
| carriage of bacteria by proboscises, legs, and feces of two species of flies in street food vending sites in ouagadougou, burkina faso. | flies are widely recognized as potential reservoirs and vectors of bacteria. in the present study, an attempt was made to assess meat-poultry and local fruit juice processing and vending sites for their hygienic status and the presence of houseflies, musca domestica, and blow flies, lucilia caesar, for bacterial carriage. the hygienic status results revealed the presence of waste and sewage nearby which provided food and harborage for flies. on the two sites, the m. domestica population was domi ... | 2006 | 16924933 |
| fishmeal extract bile salt lactose agar--a differential medium for enteric bacteria. | fishmeal extract bile salt lactose agar (febla), a new differential medium for enteric bacteria was developed and evaluated for its ability to grow and differentiate lactose fermenters (lf) from non-lactose fermenters (nlf) in comparison with macconkeys agar. performance of febla was at par with the latter. on febla medium, the contrast between lf and nlf colonies was pronounced and klebsiella pneumoniae produced more mucoid colonies than on macconkeys agar (hi media). unlike macconkeys agar, a ... | 2006 | 16924840 |
| structural characterization of enterobactin hydrolase iroe. | the proliferation of many pathogenic bacteria is limited by the scarcity of soluble iron in their environment. many of these bacteria scavenge iron by synthesizing and exporting small molecule siderophores that chelate iron. iron-bound siderophores are subsequently imported for metabolic processing. three related serine hydrolases have been characterized biochemically in this pathway: fes, irod, and iroe. here, we report the crystal structure of iroe from uropathogenic escherichia coli cft073. t ... | 2006 | 16922493 |
| structural organization of the needle complex of the type iii secretion apparatus of shigella flexneri. | the secretion apparatus known as the needle complex (nc) from the bacterium shigella flexneri was studied by single particle electron microscopy. the isolated intact nc appears in projection to be composed of a basal body consisting of seven rings and a protruding needle appendage. a comparison of averaged projections of the intact nc and its fragments revealed the organization of the nc into several major subcomplexes. one of these lacks an inner membrane ring of the basal body but still presen ... | 2007 | 16920362 |
| antibiotic resistance and genetic diversity of shigella sonnei isolated from patients with diarrhoea between 1999 and 2003 in bangladesh. | shigella sonnei is a significant cause of diarrhoeal infection in both developing and industrialized countries. from 1999 to 2003, 445 strains of shigella sonnei were isolated from patients admitted to the diarrhoea treatment centre of the international center for diarrhoeal disease research, bangladesh. more than 60% of the isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid, 89% to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and 9.5% to ampicillin. in addition, 4% of strains were resistant to multiple antibiotics (am ... | 2006 | 16914657 |
| detection of typical and atypical enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) in iranian children with and without diarrhoea. | the present study was performed to investigate the contribution of typical and atypical enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) as a cause of infectious diarrhoea among children less than 10 years old in iran. during the summer months, 247 specimens from children with diarrhoea and 1108 from asymptomatic children were analysed for the presence of epec and other bacterial pathogens. potential enteric pathogens were identified in 140 cases of children with diarrhoea (56.7%). epec was the most fre ... | 2006 | 16914644 |
| how long do nosocomial pathogens persist on inanimate surfaces? a systematic review. | inanimate surfaces have often been described as the source for outbreaks of nosocomial infections. the aim of this review is to summarize data on the persistence of different nosocomial pathogens on inanimate surfaces. | 2006 | 16914034 |
| shigella vulvovaginitis in a prepubertal child. | 2006 | 16912629 | |
| non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity against helicobacter pylori. | helicobacter pylori infection and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids) are each associated with gastrointestinal mucosal damage, but the extent and direction of their interactions remain controversial. therefore, the purpose of the present paper was to examine whether specific nsaids inhibit the growth of helicobacter pylori in vitro. | 2006 | 16911681 |
| phylogenetic analysis of enteric species of the family enterobacteriaceae using the oric-locus. | phylogenetic analysis of 38 enteric species belonging to the enterobacteraceae family was carried out using the non-coding locus oric, the chromosomal replication origin. the oric loci were amplified with conserved oligonucleotides and the pcr fragments were sequenced directly. the results establish a phylogenetic tree for the classification of different species of the genera escherichia, shigella, salmonella, enterobacter, citrobacter, klebsiella, raoultella, kluyvera, cedecea and buttiauxella. ... | 2007 | 16904857 |
| characterization of shigella strains in iran by plasmid profile analysis and pcr amplification of ipa genes. | to characterize shigella clinical strains, we studied 82 shigella strains recovered from 719 stool samples of patients with bloody diarrhea in shiraz, iran, over the period from april to october 2003. serological assay classified the shigella isolates as follows: 61 (74.39%) shigella sonnei isolates, 16 (19.51%) shigella flexneri isolates, 3 (3.65%) shigella boydii isolates, and 2 (2.43%) shigella dysenteriae isolates. in an antibiogram test, all shigella strains were susceptible to ceftazidime, ... | 2006 | 16891506 |
| comprehensive proteomic analysis of shigella flexneri 2a membrane proteins. | shigella flexneri is the causative agent of most shigellosis cases in developing countries. we used different proteolytic enzymes to selectively shave the protruding proteins on the surface of purified bacterial membrane sheets or vesicles, and recovered peptides were subsequently identified using 2-d lc-ms/ms. as a result, a total of 666 proteins were unambiguously assigned, including 159 integral membrane proteins, 35 outer membrane proteins and 114 proteins previously annotated as hypothetica ... | 2006 | 16889407 |
| molecular model of a type iii secretion system needle: implications for host-cell sensing. | type iii secretion systems are essential virulence determinants for many gram-negative bacterial pathogens. the type iii secretion system consists of cytoplasmic, transmembrane, and extracellular domains. the extracellular domain is a hollow needle protruding above the bacterial surface and is held within a basal body that traverses both bacterial membranes. effector proteins are translocated, via this external needle, directly into host cells, where they subvert normal cell functions to aid inf ... | 2006 | 16888041 |
| honey consumption in the state of são paulo: a risk to human health? | infantile botulism was recognized in 1976 as a paralyzing disease caused by the ingestion of viable spores that would germinate and colonize the intestinal tract of infants, with local production and absorption of clostridium botulinum toxin. the possible origins of botulinic spores are dust and honey, which has been identified as a dietary risk factor for infantile botulism. the objectives of the present study were to investigate 100 honey samples obtained in the state of são paulo (brazil) in ... | 2003 | 16887716 |
| increasing single and multi-antibiotic resistance in shigella species isolated from shigellosis patients in sana'a, yemen. | the epidemiology and antibiotic susceptibility of shigella species changes over time. updated susceptibility knowledge is necessary for appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment. thus, this research aimed to study these changes in 2 time periods with an interval of 10 years. | 2006 | 16883444 |
| [concentration limitations of pathogenic microorganisms in reclaimed water]. | using the technique of microbial risk assessment, concentration limitations of pathogenic microorganisms for various reclaimed water uses are studied. the concentration limitations are: escherichia coli 70 mpn/l, salmonella 0.5 cfu/l, shigella 0.1 cfu/100l, hepatitis a virus 0.001 pfu/100l, rotavirus 1.2 x 10(-3) pfu/100l, poliovirus 0.07 pfu/100l, coxsackie 0.04 pfu/100l, echovirus 0.05 pfu/100l, cryptosporidium 0.1 oocysts/100 l, giardia lamblia 0.03 cysts/100 l. | 2006 | 16881318 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction analysis of bipd, a virulence factor from burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, possesses a protein-secretion apparatus that is similar to those found in salmonella and shigella. a major function of these secretion systems is to secrete virulence-associated proteins into target cells of the host organism. the bipd gene of b. pseudomallei encodes a secreted virulence factor that is similar in sequence and most likely functionally analogous to ipad from shigella and sipd from salmonella. thus, the bipd protein is ... | 2006 | 16880550 |
| a bayesian approach to acute infectious diarrhea in adults. | acute infectious diarrhea is a yearly occurrence for most americans, and is associated with 1 million hospitalizations and about 6000 deaths in the united states annually. up to 80% of acute infectious diarrhea is caused by noroviruses, which produce a clinically mild illness with a predictable short course and good outcome that make laboratory testing and antimicrobial treatment unnecessary. most diarrhea-causing bacteria and protozoa can cause a clinical illness "like norovirus"; when they do ... | 2006 | 16880065 |
| trend and disease burden of bacillary dysentery in china (1991-2000). | we aimed to determine the burden of bacillary dysentery in china, its cross-regional variations, trends in morbidity and mortality, the causative bacterial species and antimicrobial resistance patterns. | 2006 | 16878230 |
| in vitro efficacy of bioactive extracts of 15 medicinal plants against esbetal-producing multidrug-resistant enteric bacteria. | alcoholic crude extracts and some fractions from 15 traditionally used indian medicinal plants were investigated for their ability to inhibit the growth of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (esbetal)-producing multidrug-resistant enteric bacteria. the test bacteria eschrichia coli and shigella were resistant to 16-23 antibiotics with intermediate or resistance to beta-lactams (minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) value range 16-1024 microg/ml). the crude plant extracts demonstrated zone of inh ... | 2007 | 16875811 |
| shigella and autophagy. | bacterial invasion of eukaryotic cells, and host recognition and elimination of the invading bacteria, determines the fate of bacterial infection. once inside mammalian cells, many pathogenic bacteria enter the host cytosol to escape from the lytic compartment and gain a replicative niche. recent studies indicate that autophagy also recognizes intracellular bacteria. although autophagy is a conserved membrane trafficking pathway in eukaryotic cells that sequesters undesirable or recyclable cytop ... | 2006 | 16874102 |
| developing live shigella vaccines using lambda red recombineering. | live attenuated shigella vaccines have shown promise in inducing protective immune responses in human clinical trials and as carriers of heterologous antigens from other mucosal pathogens. in the past, construction of shigella vaccine strains relied on classical allelic exchange systems to genetically engineer the bacterial genome. these systems require extensive in vitro engineering of long homologous sequences to create recombinant replication-defective plasmids or phage. alternatively, the la ... | 2006 | 16872384 |
| simple enzymatic in situ generation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate and its use in a cascade reaction for the production of carbohydrates: increased efficiency by phosphate cycling. | a new enzymatic method for the generation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (dhap) using the acid phosphatase from shigella flexneri (phon-sf) and the cheap phosphate donor pyrophosphate (ppi) is described. the utility of this method was demonstrated in an aldolase-catalyzed condensation carried out in one pot in which dhap was generated and coupled to propionaldehyde to give a yield of 53% of the isolated dephosphorylated end product. | 2006 | 16872211 |
| spectroscopic and calorimetric analyses of invasion plasmid antigen d (ipad) from shigella flexneri reveal the presence of two structural domains. | shigella flexneri is a facultative intracellular pathogen that causes severe gastroenteritis in humans. invasion plasmid antigen d (ipad) is an essential participant in shigella invasion of intestinal cells, but no detailed structural information is available to help understand the proposed role of ipad in invasion or its interaction with other invasion proteins. therefore, the secondary and tertiary structure and thermal stability of ipad as well as selected ipad deletion mutants were investiga ... | 2006 | 16866368 |
| frequency of serovars and antimicrobial resistance in shigella spp. from brazil. | a total of 296 shigella spp. were received from state public health laboratories, during the period from 1999 to 2004, by national reference laboratory for cholera and enteric diseases (nrlced)--ioc/fiocruz, rio de janeiro, brazil. the frequency of shigella spp. was: s. flexneri (52.7%), s. sonnei (44.2%), s. boydii (2.3%), and s. dysenteriae (0.6%). the most frequent s. flexneri serovars were 2a and 1b. the highest incidence rates of shigella isolation were observed in the southeast (39%) and n ... | 2006 | 16862316 |
| role and regulation of the shigella flexneri sit and mnth systems. | shigella flexneri possesses at least two putative high-affinity manganese acquisition systems, sitabcd and mnth. mutations in the genes encoding the components of both of these systems were constructed in s. flexneri. the sita mnth mutant showed reduced growth, relative to the wild type, in luria broth (l broth) containing the divalent metal chelator ethylene diamino-o-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid, and the addition of either iron or manganese restored growth to the level of the wild-type strain. ... | 2006 | 16861654 |
| ipad localizes to the tip of the type iii secretion system needle of shigella flexneri. | shigella flexneri, the causative agent of shigellosis, is a gram-negative bacterial pathogen that initiates infection by invading cells within the colonic epithelium. contact with host cell surfaces induces a rapid burst of protein secretion via the shigella type iii secretion system (ttss). the first proteins secreted are ipad, ipab, and ipac, with ipab and ipac being inserted into the host cell membrane to form a pore for translocating late effectors into the target cell cytoplasm. the resulti ... | 2006 | 16861624 |
| structural and molecular characterization of shigella boydii type 16 o antigen. | shigella is a well-known human pathogen causing dysentery and their typing is solely based on the o antigens. we investigated the chemical structure and gene cluster of shigella boydii type 16 o antigen. as judged by sugar and methylation analyses along with nmr spectroscopy data, the o antigen has an o-acetylated branched pentasaccharide repeating o unit, which consists of two d-mannose residues (d-man), one residue each of d-glucuronic acid (d-glca), n-acetylglucosamine (d-glcnac) and d-galact ... | 2006 | 16859842 |
| enhancement of mice susceptibility to infection with listeria monocytogenes by the treatment of morphine. | the effect of morphine on the susceptibility of balb/c mice to diarrheagenic escherichia coli, shigella flexneri, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella enteritidis, yersinia enterocolitica, was examined via the intraperitoneal inoculation. morphine treatment increased the susceptibility to s. enteritidis and l. monocytogenes, resulting in bacteremia and central nervous system (cns) invasion (for l. monocytogenes), while the infection with other bacteria did not show the systemic dissemination in th ... | 2006 | 16858145 |
| construction, detection and microarray analysis on shigella dysenteriae a1 iron, shua single, double mutants. | in this study, we constructed single mutants mts-1, mts-2 of iron and shua gene and double mutant mts of them in shigella dysenteriae a1 strain 51197 by insert and absence. the functional detection of every mutant was performed at the level of culture medium and cell experiment. the gene expression profiles of the mutants and the wild-type strains under iron-enriched and iron-limited conditions were analyzed by the sd51197 whole genomic microarray. the results showed that all the mutants grew ob ... | 2006 | 16856494 |
| antibacterial activity of the soy isoflavone genistein. | genistein, a radioprotective soy isoflavone and protein kinase inhibitor, blocks the invasion of pathogenic bacteria in mammalian epithelial cells. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the direct effect of genistein on the survival and growth of the probiotic lactobacillus reuteri and selected opportunistic bacteria in vitro as a prelude to in vivo use for managing postirradiation sepsis. we evaluated the opportunistic bacterial enteropathogens escherichia coli, shigella sonnei, and staphyl ... | 2006 | 16847837 |
| shigella sonnei biotype g carrying class 2 integrons in southern italy: a retrospective typing study by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. | emergence and global dissemination of multiresistant strains of enteric pathogens is a very concerning problem from both epidemiological and public health points of view. shigella sonnei is the serogroup of shigella most frequently responsible for sporadic and epidemic enteritis in developed countries. the dissemination is associated most often to human to human transmission, but foodborne episodes have also been described. in recent years the circulation of multiresistant strains of s. sonnei b ... | 2006 | 16846516 |
| studies on pongamia pinnata (l.) pierre leaves: understanding the mechanism(s) of action in infectious diarrhea. | while data are available on the effect of medicinal plants on intestinal motility and their antibacterial action, there is a paucity of information on their mode of action on various aspects of diarrheal pathogenicity, namely colonization to intestinal epithelial cells and production/action of enterotoxins. crude decoction of dried leaves of pongamia pinnata was evaluated for its antimicrobial (antibacterial, antigiardial and antirotaviral) effect; and its effect on production and action of ente ... | 2006 | 16845722 |
| inactivation of gram-negative bacteria in milk and banana juice by hen egg white and lambda lysozyme under high hydrostatic pressure. | the effect of hen egg white lysozyme (hewl) and bacteriophage lambda lysozyme (lal) in combination with high pressure (hp) treatment on the inactivation of four gram-negative bacteria (escherichia coli o157:h7, shigella flexneri, yersinia enterocolitica and salmonella typhimurium), was studied in skim milk (ph 6.8; a(w) 0.997) and in banana juice (ph 3.8; a(w) 0.971). in the absence of lysozymes, s. flexneri was more sensitive to hp in milk than in banana juice, while the opposite was observed f ... | 2006 | 16843561 |
| agronomic aspects and environmental impact of reusing marginal water in irrigation: a case study from egypt. | egypt produces approximately 2.4 million m3 of secondary treated wastewater (tww) annually, used for irrigation directly or indirectly by blending with agricultural drainage water (bdw). the annual re-use of (bdw) is approximately 4 million m3. the safe and efficient use of marginal water (bdw and tww) is a core objective of this study which has been operating from 1997 to date. after six growing seasons the main results can be summarized as follows: maximizing crop production: tww can be used f ... | 2006 | 16841747 |
| surveillance for bacterial diarrhea and antimicrobial resistance in rural western kenya, 1997-2003. | diarrhea is a major cause of preventable illness in sub-saharan africa. although most cases of bacterial gastroenteritis do not require antimicrobial treatment, antimicrobial use is widespread. we examined the bacterial causes of diarrhea and monitored antimicrobial susceptibilities of isolates through clinic-based surveillance in a rural kenyan community. | 2006 | 16838225 |
| an aflp-based database of shigella flexneri and shigella sonnei isolates and its use for the identification of untypable shigella strains. | amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) can be used to assess the genetic diversity of closely related microbial genomes. in this study, the first of its kind for identification of shigella, the high discriminatory power of aflp has been used to determine the genetic relatedness of 230 isolates of shigella flexneri and shigella sonnei strains. an aflp database was generated to demonstrate its utility in the discrimination of closely related strains. based on aflp, s. flexneri strains could ... | 2006 | 16837089 |
| inactivation of escherichia coli and shigella in acidic fruit and vegetable juices by peroxidase systems. | to study the bactericidal properties of the lactoperoxidase (lper)-thiocyanate and soybean peroxidase (sbp)-thiocyanate systems at low ph, their efficiency for inactivation of escherichia coli and shigella in acidic fruit and vegetable juices, their effect on colour stability of the juices and interaction with ascorbic acid. | 2006 | 16834612 |
| [antibacterial action of ether oils of some plants]. | inhibitory effect of clove oil on escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, salmonella typhimurium, shigella dysenteriae and candida albicans was detected. mint ether oil had the high antibacterial action on s. aureus, however against other microorganisms mint oil had a reliably low effect then clove oil. fennel oil had high antibacterial effect on c. albicans, and bactericidal action on s. typhimurium and s. dysenteriae. | 2006 | 16830599 |
| actin-based motility of intracellular bacteria, and polarized surface distribution of the bacterial effector molecules. | several intracellular bacterial pathogens, including species of listeria, rickettsia, shigella, mycobacteria, and burkholderia, have evolved mechanisms to exploit the actin polymerization machinery of their hosts to induce actin-based motility, enabling these pathogens to spread between host cells without exposing themselves to the extracellular milieu. efficient cell-to-cell spread requires directional motility, which the bacteria may achieve by concentrating the effector molecules at one pole ... | 2006 | 16826602 |
| structural mimicry for vinculin activation by ipaa, a virulence factor of shigella flexneri. | invasion of epithelial cells by shigella flexneri is characterized by cytoskeletal rearrangements of the host cell membrane, promoting internalization of the bacterium. the bacterial effector ipaa is injected into the epithelial cell by a type iii secretion apparatus and recruits vinculin to regulate actin polymerization at the site of entry. we analysed the complex formed between a carboxy-terminal fragment of ipaa (ipaa(560-633)) and the vinculin d1 domain (vd1), both in crystals and in soluti ... | 2006 | 16826238 |
| [etiology of community - acquired acute diarrhea in children]. | of the study was to analyse the etiology of home acute diarrhea in children. | 2006 | 16825723 |
| a genome rearrangement has orphaned the escherichia coli k-12 acpt phosphopantetheinyl transferase from its cognate escherichia coli o157:h7 substrates. | phosphopantetheinyl transferases (pptases) are enzymes that catalyse the transfer of a 4'-phosphopantetheine moiety from coa to a conserved serine residue of a carrier protein. these carrier proteins use the 4'-phosphopantetheine thiol to shuttle intermediates between the active sites of biosynthetic enzymes involved in fatty acid, non-ribosomal peptide and polyketide synthesis. three pptases have been previously been identified in escherichia coli k-12 and other e. coli strains by homology sear ... | 2006 | 16824108 |
| complete genome sequence of shigella flexneri 5b and comparison with shigella flexneri 2a. | shigella bacteria cause dysentery, which remains a significant threat to public health. shigella flexneri is the most common species in both developing and developed countries. five shigella genomes have been sequenced, revealing dynamic and diverse features. to investigate the intra-species diversity of s. flexneri genomes further, we have sequenced the complete genome of s. flexneri 5b strain 8401 (abbreviated sf8401) and compared it with s. flexneri 2a (sf301). | 2006 | 16822325 |
| nutritive value, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of struchium sparganophora leaves. | struchium sparganophora leaf is a green leafy vegetable popularly used in soup preparations in processed and unprocessed forms in nigeria. fresh leaves of s. sparganophora were soaked overnight to remove its bitterness, before determination of the nutrient and antinutrient content, while sun-dried s. sparganophora leaves were extracted with rectified spirit. the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the extracts were subsequently determined. the result of the study revealed that the fresh ... | 2006 | 16822216 |
| comparison of antagonistic ability against enteropathogens by g+ and g- anaerobic dominant components of human fecal microbiota. | to confirm if anaerobic g+-components are those responsible for the function of colonization resistance, obligate anaerobic g+- and g- -bacteria from normal dominant microbiota of human feces were isolated from three successive collections and then used in in vitro assays for antagonism against two enteropathogenic bacteria. the production of inhibitory diffusible compounds was determined on supplemented bhi agar and mrs agar media for g- - and g+-bacteria, respectively. salmonella enterica subs ... | 2006 | 16821725 |
| surveillance of bacterial pathogens associated with acute diarrheal disease in the republic of korea during one year, 2003. | an epidemiological survey of human enterobacterial infections was conducted to determine the prevalence of enteropathogens in the republic of korea during one year, 2003. we tested for infectious diseases in 26,992 stool samples obtained from people who visited clinics located in six big cities and six rural provinces. from these samples, we isolated 1,291 cases of enteritis bacterial infection (4.8%). in the urban areas, 821 cases of bacterial infection (6.4%) were identified and, in the rural ... | 2006 | 16820763 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of a large subunit of salmonella typhimurium glutamate synthase (gogat) gene in escherichia coli. | two pathways of ammonium assimilation and glutamate biosynthesis have been identified in microorganisms. one pathway involves the nadp-linked glutamate dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the amination of 2-oxoglutarate to form glutamate. an alternative pathway involves the combined activities of glutamine synthetase, which aminates glutamate to form glutamine, and glutamate synthase, which transfers the amide group of glutamine to 2-oxoglutarate to yield two molecules of glutamate. we have cloned th ... | 2006 | 16820760 |
| the caenorhabditis elegans abl-1 tyrosine kinase is required for shigella flexneri pathogenesis. | shigellosis is a diarrheal disease caused by the gram-negative bacterium shigella flexneri. following ingestion of the bacterium, s. flexneri interferes with innate immunity, establishes an infection within the human colon, and initiates an inflammatory response that results in destruction of the tissue lining the gut. examination of host cell factors required for s. flexneri pathogenesis in vivo has proven difficult due to limited host susceptibility. here we report the development of a pathoge ... | 2006 | 16820504 |
| cladophora (chlorophyta) spp. harbor human bacterial pathogens in nearshore water of lake michigan. | cladophora glomerata, a macrophytic green alga, is commonly found in the great lakes, and significant accumulations occur along shorelines during the summer months. recently, cladophora has been shown to harbor high densities of the fecal indicator bacteria escherichia coli and enterococci. cladophora may also harbor human pathogens; however, until now, no studies to address this question have been performed. in the present study, we determined whether attached cladophora, obtained from the lake ... | 2006 | 16820442 |
| comparison of the concentrations of phenolic compounds in olive oils and other plant oils: correlation with antimicrobial activity. | the antimicrobial activity of different edible vegetable oils was studied. in vitro results revealed that the oils from olive fruits had a strong bactericidal action against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, this effect being higher in general against gram-positive than gram-negative bacteria. thus, olive oils showed bactericidal activity not only against harmful bacteria of the intestinal microbiota (clostridium perfringens and escherichia coli) also against beneficial microorganisms such as ... | 2006 | 16819902 |
| post-natal development of the porcine microbiota composition and activities. | the current study describes the development of the porcine microbiota and its metabolic activities during the neonatal and weaning period. using 16s rrna-based approaches, we first analysed the ileal and colonic microbiota of neonatal piglets at days 2, 5 and 12 after birth. to further investigate the effect of weaning at 3 weeks of age, 19-day-old piglets (n = 64) were randomly allocated into two groups. half of the piglets remained with their sows throughout the study, while the remaining pigl ... | 2006 | 16817927 |
| interaction between enteric epithelial cells and peyer's patch lymphocytes in response to shigella lipopolysaccharide: effect on nitric oxide and il-6 release. | to investigate the effect of interaction between enteric epithelial cells and lymphocytes of peyer's patch on the release of nitric oxide (no) and il-6 in response to shigella lipopolysaccharide (lps). | 2006 | 16804978 |
| a periplasmic glutamate/aspartate binding protein from shigella flexneri: gene cloning, over-expression, purification and preliminary crystallographic studies of the recombinant protein. | periplasmic substrate binding proteins (psbps) are essential components of the bacterial periplasmic transport system, which transports a wide variety of nutrients from the periplasmic space to the cytoplasm. the glutamate/aspartate binding protein sfglu/aspbp is a unique psbp consisting of 279 amino acid residues. the sfglu/aspbp gene was cloned, over-expressed, and purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography and size-exclusion chromatography. the recombinant protein sfglu/aspbp h ... | 2006 | 16800808 |
| shigella sonnei outbreak due to consumption of unpasteurised milk curds in vilnius, lithuania, 2004. | 2005 | 16799218 | |
| glycolipids from the red alga chondria armata (kutz.) okamura. | three distinct fractions containing polar glycolipids (pf(1-3)) were isolated from the chloroform soluble fraction of crude methanolic extract of red alga chondria armata (kütz.) okamura on gel chromatography over sephadex lh20. their structure was elucidated by multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) techniques like 1h, 1h correlation spectroscopy (cosy), 1h, 1h total cosy (tocsy), 1h, 13c heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence (hmqc), and 1h, 13c heteronuclear multiple bond correla ... | 2006 | 16799167 |
| myopericarditis in a patient with campylobacter enteritis: a case report and literature review. | myocarditis sometimes occurs as a complication of bacterial infection, including enteric infections caused by salmonella, shigella and yersinia. only a few cases of campylobacter-associated myocarditis are known. we describe a 47-y-old patient with myopericarditis in association with campylobacter spp. enteritis, and review similar cases previously described in the english literature. | 2006 | 16798711 |
| aetiology of diarrhoea in a birth cohort of children aged 0-2 year(s) in rural mirzapur, bangladesh. | the incidence of aetiology-specific diarrhoea and the pathogenicity of infectious agents in a birth cohort (n=252) in rural bangladesh were determined. stool specimens or rectal swabs were collected from diarrhoeal cases over two years and routinely on a monthly basis. stool samples from children with diarrhoea were compared with stool samples from children without diarrhoea to calculate rates of isolation and pathogenicity of agents. in total, 1750 stool specimens from diarrhoea patients and 56 ... | 2006 | 16796147 |
| antibacterial cobalt (ii), copper (ii), nickel (ii) and zinc (ii) complexes of mercaptothiadiazole--derived furanyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, salicylyl and pyridinyl schiff bases. | a series of co (ii), cu (ii), ni (ii) and zn (ii) complexes of mercaptothiadiazole-derived furanyl, thienyl, pyrrorlyl, salicylyl and pyridinyl schiff bases were synthesized, characterized and screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against four gram-negative, escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi and shigella fexneri, and two gram-positive; bacillus subtilis and staphylococcus aureous bacterial strains. the results of these studies show the metal complexes to be ... | 2006 | 16789433 |
| antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic properties of some sulfonamide-derived chromones. | a series of antibacterial and antifungal sulfonamide (sulfanilamide, sulfaguanidine, sulfamethaxozole, 4-aminoethylbenzene-sulfonamide and 4-amino-6-trifluoromethyl-benzene-1,3-disulfonamide) derived chromones, previously reported as inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase, have been screened for in-vitro antibacterial activity against four gram-negative (escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi and shigella flexener) and two gram-positive (bacillus subtilis and staphylococcus aureus) ... | 2006 | 16789431 |
| polar localization of the autotransporter family of large bacterial virulence proteins. | autotransporters are an extensive family of large secreted virulence-associated proteins of gram-negative bacteria. secretion of such large proteins poses unique challenges to bacteria. we demonstrate that autotransporters from a wide variety of rod-shaped pathogens, including icsa and sepa of shigella flexneri, aida-i of diffusely adherent escherichia coli, and brka of bordetella pertussis, are localized to the bacterial pole. the restriction of autotransporters to the pole is dependent on the ... | 2006 | 16788193 |
| plasticity of the p junc promoter of isec11, a new insertion sequence of the is1111 family. | we describe identification and functional characterization of isec11, a new insertion sequence that is widespread in enteroinvasive e. coli (eiec), in which it is always present on the virulence plasmid (pinv) and very frequently also present on the chromosome. isec11 is flanked by subterminal 13-bp inverted repeats (irs) and is bounded by 3-bp terminal sequences, and it transposes with target specificity without generating duplication of the target site. isec11 is characterized by an atypical t ... | 2006 | 16788177 |
| differential killing activity of cetylpyridinium chloride with or without bacto neutralizing buffer quench against firmly adhered salmonella gaminara and shigella sonnei on cut lettuce stored at 4 degrees c. | cetylpyridinium chloride (cpc) activity was quenched with bacto neutralizing buffer on inoculated cut iceberg lettuce. this protocol permitted comparison of the numbers of salmonella gaminara- or shigella sonnei-inoculated cells on lettuce that survived 1 min of cpc treatment. cut lettuce was inoculated with about 6 log of salmonella or 9 log of shigella and stored in whirl-pak bags at 4 degrees c for up to 4 days. loosely adhered pathogen cells were washed off before cpc treatment. firmly adher ... | 2006 | 16786847 |
| function and distribution of espg2, a type iii secretion system effector of enteropathogenic escherichia coli. | the enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) effector protein espg, like the shigella effector vira, functions through disruption of the host cell microtubule network. reports have differed as to whether the espg homologue, espg2, is also responsible for microtubule disruption. in this study we show that following translocation, espg2 and vira are localised under adherent bacteria and able to restore the microtubule disruption phenotype to an espg/espg2 double epec mutant. the espg/espg2 double ... | 2006 | 16781180 |
| [functional analysis of icsb protein secreted via the type iii secretion system of shigella]. | 2006 | 16780119 | |
| biofilm formation in an ice cream plant. | the sites of biofilm formation in an ice cream plant were investigated by sampling both the production line and the environment. experiments were carried out twice within a 20-day period. first, stainless steel coupons were fixed to surfaces adjacent to food contact surfaces, the floor drains and the doormat. they were taken for the analysis of biofilm at three different production stages. then, biofilm forming bacteria were enumerated and also presence of listeria monocytogenes was monitored. b ... | 2006 | 16779628 |
| [antibiotic resistance rates of shigella species isolated from stool cultures in the years 1999-2003]. | in this study, species distribution, seasonal isolation rates and antibiotic susceptibilitiy patterns of 115 shigella spp, isolated from 5396 stool samples in our microbiology laboratory between 1999 and 2003, were investigated. of the isolates, 96 (83.5%) were s. sonnei, 15 (13%) were s. flexneri, 3 (2.6%) were s. dysenteriae and 1 (1.9%) was s. boydii. maximum isolation rates were observed at summer and fall seasons, especially in august, september and november (24%, 40%, 17%, respectively). t ... | 2006 | 16775951 |
| molecular characterization of antimicrobial resistance in shigella sonnei isolates in korea. | the antimicrobial resistance of 122 shigella sonnei isolates obtained in korea during the period 1991-2000 was characterized. these isolates were highly resistant to traditional antibiotics such as trimethoprim (100 %), streptomycin (100 %), sulfamethoxazole (94 %), tetracycline (93 %) and nalidixic acid (90 %). all s. sonnei isolates carried tn7 in their chromosomes. the 8.4 kb non-transferable resistance (r) plasmid carrying teta, stra-strb and sul1 was found in 93 % of the s. sonnei isolates. ... | 2006 | 16772414 |
| molecular characteristics of class 1 and class 2 integrons and their relationships to antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates of shigella sonnei and shigella flexneri. | to analyse the gene cassettes and determine the roles of class 1 and class 2 integrons in antibiotic-resistant strains of shigella sonnei (n=31) and shigella flexneri (n=33). | 2006 | 16766536 |
| role of shigella flexneri 2a 34 kda outer membrane protein in induction of protective immune response. | emergence of shigella vaccine is in great need in developing countries. in this paper we have shown that 34 kda shigella flexneri 2a outer membrane protein has a role in eliciting immune responses. when injected parentarally this protein gives significant protection against challenge with virulent shigella flexneri 2a. macrophages activated with the 34 kda protein resulted in the dose dependent production of nitric oxide, the highly reactive free radical responsible for killing of invading bacte ... | 2006 | 16765491 |
| defending the epithelium. | 2006 | 16760999 | |
| diarrheal epidemics in dhaka, bangladesh, during three consecutive floods: 1988, 1998, and 2004. | we examined demographic, microbiologic, and clinical data from patients presenting during 1988, 1998, and 2004 flood-associated diarrheal epidemics at a diarrhea treatment hospital in dhaka, bangladesh. compared with non-flood periods, individuals presenting during flood-associated epidemics were older, more severely dehydrated, and of lower socioeconomic status. during flood-associated epidemics, vibrio cholerae was the most commonly identified cause of diarrhea, and the only diarrheal pathogen ... | 2006 | 16760521 |
| keratitis due to shigella flexneri. | multiresistant shigella flexneri isolates were cultured from the cornea and stool of a girl. genetic analysis showed the isolates were identical. shigella spp. are rare causes of ulcerative keratitis; there have only been 14 published cases since 1943. although prognosis after local treatment is good, shigellosis is a systemic infection, possibly leading to dehydration. | 2006 | 16757643 |
| inducing endogenous antimicrobial peptides to battle infections. | 2006 | 16754884 | |
| enucleated l929 mouse fibroblasts support invasion and multiplication of shigella flexneri 5a. | invasive bacteria can induce their own uptake and specify their intracellular localization; hence it is commonly assumed that proximate modulation of host cell transcription is not required for infection. however, bacteria can also modulate, directly or indirectly, the transcription of many host cell genes, whose role in the infection may be difficult to determine by global gene expression. is the host cell nucleus proximately required for intracellular infection and, if so, for which pathogens ... | 2006 | 16751980 |
| a novel functional t cell hybridoma recognizes macrophage cell death induced by bacteria: a possible role for innate lymphocytes in bacterial infection. | we have established a novel tcralphabeta (tcrvbeta6)(+)cd4(-)cd8(-) t cell hybridoma designated b6ho3. when the b6ho3 cells were cocultured with bacterial-infected j774 macrophage-like cells, ifn-gamma production by b6ho3 cells was triggered through direct cell-cell contact with dying j774 cells infected with listeria monocytogenes (lm), shigella flexneri, or salmonella typhimurium that expressed the type iii secretion system, but not with intact j774 cells infected with heat-killed lm, nonhemol ... | 2006 | 16751404 |
| antimicrobial and toxicological profile of the new biocide akacid plus. | akacid plus is a new member of the polymeric guanidine family of disinfectants. it was especially developed to enhance the antimicrobial activity of this class with significantly less toxicity. the in vitro activity of akacid plus compared with chlorhexidine digluconate and mupirocin was tested against a total of 369 recent clinical isolates. | 2006 | 16751199 |
| porin of shigella dysenteriae activates mouse peritoneal macrophage through toll-like receptors 2 and 6 to induce polarized type i response. | porin of shigella dysenteriae type 1 coexpressed toll-like receptor (tlr) 2 and tlr6 on peritoneal cavity (perc) macrophages (mphi) of c57bl/6 mice implicating that both the tlrs are essential as a combinatorial repertoire to recognize the protein. besides tlrs, mrna for myd88 and traf6, and nuclear translocation of nf-kappab were enhanced that indicate their involvement in tandem in the activity of porin. the protein selectively up-regulated cd80 on the activated mphi together with mhc class ii ... | 2007 | 16750567 |
| improved outcome in shigellosis associated with butyrate induction of an endogenous peptide antibiotic. | shigella is a major cause of morbidity, mortality, and growth retardation for children in developing countries. emergence of antibiotic resistance among shigellae demands the development of effective medicines. previous studies found that the endogenous antimicrobial peptide ll-37 is down-regulated in the rectal epithelium of patients during shigellosis and that butyrate up-regulates the expression of ll-37 in colonic epithelial cells in vitro and decreases severity of inflammation in experiment ... | 2006 | 16740661 |
| socioeconomic correlates of antibody levels to enteric pathogens among israeli adolescents. | we examined the association between socioeconomic status and the level of serum antibodies to selected faeco-orally transmitted pathogens among israeli adolescents. random samples of eighty volunteers aged 12-15 years from high (hsl), medium (msl) and low (lsl) standard of living towns were included in the study. serum samples were examined by radioimmunoassay for hav and by in-house-developed elisa systems for iga and igg antibody levels against shigella sonnei, s. flexneri, e. coli o157:h7 lip ... | 2007 | 16740193 |
| genome-wide detection and analysis of homologous recombination among sequenced strains of escherichia coli. | comparisons of complete bacterial genomes reveal evidence of lateral transfer of dna across otherwise clonally diverging lineages. some lateral transfer events result in acquisition of novel genomic segments and are easily detected through genome comparison. other more subtle lateral transfers involve homologous recombination events that result in substitution of alleles within conserved genomic regions. this type of event is observed infrequently among distantly related organisms. it is reporte ... | 2006 | 16737554 |
| macrolide resistance in campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. | infection with campylobacter jejuni is now considered to be the most common cause of acute bacterial gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. it occurs more frequently than infections caused by salmonella species, shigella species, or escherichia coli o157:h7. although c. jejuni is also recognized for its association with serious post-infection neurological complications, most patients with c. jejuni infections have a self-limited illness. nevertheless, a substantial proportion of these infections a ... | 2006 | 16735431 |
| two frameshift products involved in the transposition of bacterial insertion sequence is629. | is629 is 1,310 bp in length with a pair of 25-bp imperfect inverted repeats at its termini. two partially overlapping open reading frames, orfa and orfb, are present in is629, and two putative translational frameshift signals, ttttg (t4g) and aaaat (a4t), are located near the 3'-end of orfa. with the lacz gene as the reporter, both t4g and a4t motifs are determined to be a -1 frameshift signal. two peptides representing the two transframe products designated orfab' and orfab, are identified by a ... | 2006 | 16731525 |
| identification of the plasmid-borne quinolone resistance gene qnrs in salmonella enterica serovar infantis. | a salmonella enterica serovar infantis isolate of avian origin was investigated for the presence of the gene qnrs, its transferability and its association with other resistance genes. | 2006 | 16720566 |
| iron and pathogenesis of shigella: iron acquisition in the intracellular environment. | shigella species are able to grow in a variety of environments, including intracellularly in host epithelial cells. shigella have a number of different iron transport systems that contribute to their ability to grow in these diverse environments. siderophore iron uptake systems, heme transporters, and ferric and ferrous iron transport systems are present in these bacteria, and the genes encoding some of these systems appear to have spread among the shigella species by horizontal transmission. ir ... | 2006 | 16718602 |
| synthesis, a case of isostructural packing, and antimicrobial activity of silver(i)quinoxaline nitrate, silver(i)(2,5-dimethylpyrazine) nitrate and two related silver aminopyridine compounds. | the synthesis and low temperature crystal structures of [ag(quinoxaline)]n(no3)n, 1, [ag(2,5-dimethylpyrazine)(no3)]n, 2 and [ag4(3-aminopyridine)4(no3)4]n 3 are presented. the quinoxaline compound forms a 1d coordination polymer with the characteristic linear 2-coordination figure of silver(i), the n-ag-n angle being 164.2(1) degrees, and only weak silver-nitrate interactions. in addition there is an interaction giving pairs of parallel chains as the main structural theme. the 2,5-dimethylpyraz ... | 2006 | 16718338 |
| role for erbin in bacterial activation of nod2. | intracellular peptidoglycan (pg) recognition in human cells is mediated by the nacht-lrr proteins nod1 and nod2. elicitation of these proteins by pg motifs released from invasive bacteria triggers signaling events, resulting in the activation of the nf-kappab pathway. in order to decipher the molecular components involved in nod2 signal transduction, we set out to identify new interaction partners of nod2 by using a yeast two-hybrid screen. besides the known interaction partner rip2, the screen ... | 2006 | 16714539 |
| comparative genomics reveals what makes an enterobacterial plant pathogen. | the bacterial family enterobacteriaceae contains some of the most devastating human and animal pathogens, including escherichia coli, salmonella enterica and species of yersinia and shigella. these are among the best-studied of any organisms, yet there is much to be learned about the nature and evolution of interactions with their hosts and with the wider environment. comparative and functional genomics have fundamentally improved our understanding of their modes of adaptation to different ecolo ... | 2006 | 16704357 |
| comparison of the virulence plasmid genomes of two strains of shigella which lost the ability to bind congo red. | we determined and analyzed the shigella flexneri serotype 5 (psf5) and s. dysenteriae serotype 1 (psd1) virulence plasmid genomes. the total length of psf5 is 136513 bp, including 165 open reading frames (orfs). of these orfs, 133 were identified and 32 of those had no significant homology to proteins with known functions. the length of psd1 is 182545 bp, including 224 orfs, of which we identified 181. the remaining 43 orfs were not significantly homologous to proteins with known functions. the ... | 2006 | 16704117 |
| [diarrhoea-causing agents in children aged less than five in tunja, colombia]. | determining the prevalence and type of infectious add-causing agents in a sample of children aged less than five who consulted the ips in tunja during 2004. | 2006 | 16703965 |
| molecular epidemiology of multidrug-resistant shigella dysenteriae type 1 causing dysentery outbreaks in central african republic, 2003-2004. | shigella dysenteriae type 1 (sd1) represents a particular threat in developing countries because of the severity of the infection and its epidemic potential. antimicrobial susceptibility testing and molecular subtyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and plasmid profiling (pp) of sd1 isolates collected during two dysentery outbreaks (2013 and 445 cases of bloody diarrhoea) in central african republic (car) during the period 2003-2004 were reported. eleven sd1 comparison strains (cs) a ... | 2006 | 16701761 |
| prevalence and characterization of clostridium perfringens from spices in argentina. | spices can present high microbial counts and clostridium perfringens, bacillus cereus, salmonella and shigella, among others have been isolated from spices. c. perfringens is an important pathogen agent causing, among other diseases, enteritis in humans caused by c. perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) which causes human food poisoning and enterotoxemia in domestic animals. the aims of the present work were (i) to establish the hygienic sanitary quality of some spices in san luis, argentina; (ii) to de ... | 2005 | 16701595 |
| [aeromonas associated with an acute diarrhea outbreak in são bento do una, pernambuco]. | an acute diarrhea outbreak, with 2170 cases, was described during january to july, 2004, in são bento do una, pernambuco. 582 stools were examined and an enteric pathogen was recovered in 25% (145 patients). aeromonas species were the most frequent (114-19.5%) and the main isolates were aeromonas caviae (57-9.8%), aeromonas veronii biovar sobria (23-3.9%), aeromonas veronii biovar veronii (15-2.6%) and other species (19-3.2%). the other isolated enteropathogens were vibrio cholerae o1-ogawa toxi ... | 2006 | 16699653 |