Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| potential role of tigecycline in the treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. | tigecycline is a member of the glycylcycline class of antimicrobials, which is structurally similar to the tetracycline class. it demonstrates potent in vitro activity against causative pathogens that are most frequently isolated in patients with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (cabp), including (but not limited to) streptococcus pneumoniae (both penicillin-sensitive and -resistant strains), haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis (including +¦-lactamase-producing strains), klebs ... | 2011 | 21694911 |
| drug resistance in community-acquired respiratory tract infections: role for an emerging antibacterial. | the nasopharynx is the ecological niche where evolution towards resistance occurs in respiratory tract isolates. dynamics of different bacterial populations in antibiotic-free multibacterial niches are the baseline that antibiotic treatments can alter by shifting the competitive balance in favor of resistant populations. for this reason, antibiotic resistance is increasingly being considered to be an ecological problem. traditionally, resistance has implied the need for development of new antibi ... | 2010 | 21694892 |
| emerging agents to combat complicated and resistant infections: focus on ceftobiprole. | antimicrobial resistance is a global concern. over the past few years, considerable efforts and resources have been expended to detect, monitor, and understand at the basic level the many different facets of emerging and increasing resistance. development of new antimicrobial agents has been matched by the development of new mechanisms of resistance by bacteria. current antibiotics act at a variety of sites within the target bacteria, including the cross-linking enzymes in the cell wall, various ... | 2010 | 21694889 |
| doripenem in hospital infections: a focus on nosocomial pneumonia, complicated intra-abdominal infections, and complicated urinary tract infections. | doripenem is the latest carbapenem on the market to date. although not an antibiotic in a new class, it offers a glimmer of hope in combating serious infections secondary to multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria when we have not seen a new class of antibacterial, particularly for gram-negative bacteria, for more than 10 years. in vitro, doripenem exhibits a broad spectrum of activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including extended-spectrum +¦-lactamase (esbl) and amp-c ... | 2009 | 21694886 |
| deep neck abscess: an analysis of microbial etiology and the effectiveness of antibiotics. | the objective was to demonstrate the aerobic and anaerobic microbiology of deep neck space abscess and to analyze the coverage rate of different empiric antimicrobial agents. a retrospective review of hospitalized patients with deep neck abscess diagnosed at a tertiary-care, general hospital between april 2001 and october 2006. the study enrolled 100 patients. the bacterial cultures of 89 patients yielded positive results (89%). the predominant aerobes were viridans streptococci, klebsiella pneu ... | 2008 | 21694873 |
| what is causing active trachoma? the role of nonchlamydial bacterial pathogens in a low prevalence setting. | purpose. in low prevalence settings, clinically active follicular trachoma (tf) is often found in the absence of detectable chlamydia trachomatis. the reasons for this persistent follicular phenotype are not well understood; one possible explanation is that other bacterial species are provoking the inflammatory response. this study investigated the relationship between tf, c. trachomatis, and nonchlamydial bacterial infection. methods. a cross-sectional survey was conducted in a trachoma endemic ... | 2011 | 21693601 |
| early acquisition and high nasopharyngeal co-colonisation by streptococcus pneumoniae and three respiratory pathogens amongst gambian new-borns and infants. | although haemophilus influenzae type b (hib), staphylococcus aureus and moraxella catarrhalis are important causes of invasive and mucosal bacterial disease among children, co-carriage with streptococcus pneumoniae during infancy has not been determined in west africa. | 2011 | 21689403 |
| type iv pili in francisella - a virulence trait in an intracellular pathogen. | francisella tularensis is a highly virulent intracellular human pathogen that is capable of rapid proliferation in the infected host. mutants affected in intracellular survival and growth are highly attenuated which highlights the importance of the intracellular phase of the infection. genomic analysis has revealed that francisella encodes all genes required for expression of functional type iv pili (tfp), and in this focused review we summarize recent findings regarding this system in the patho ... | 2011 | 21687421 |
| intravenous moxifloxacin in routine hospital treatment of respiratory tract infections in china: results of a multicenter, noninterventional study. | to investigate the effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of moxifloxacin (mxf) (intravenous [iv] or sequential therapy [iv followed by oral]) under daily treatment conditions in a large number of patients with respiratory tract infections. | 2011 | 21674024 |
| phenylbutyrate counteracts shigella mediated downregulation of cathelicidin in rabbit lung and intestinal epithelia: a potential therapeutic strategy. | cathelicidins and defensins are endogenous antimicrobial peptides (amps) that are downregulated in the mucosal epithelia of the large intestine in shigellosis. oral treatment of shigella infected rabbits with sodium butyrate (nab) reduces clinical severity and counteracts the downregulation of cathelicidin (cap-18) in the large intestinal epithelia. | 2011 | 21673991 |
| pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin and its penetration into bronchial secretions of mechanically ventilated patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | we evaluated the pharmacokinetic profile of ciprofloxacin and its penetration into bronchial secretions of critically ill patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). twenty-five mechanically ventilated patients with severe copd who were suffering from an acute, infectious exacerbation were included in this prospective, open-label study. all subjects received a 1-hour intravenous infusion of 400 mg ciprofloxacin every 8 h. serial blood and bronchial secretion samples were obtained ... | 2011 | 21670178 |
| a simple assay for 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonate cytidylyltransferase and its use as a pathway screen. | this article describes the adaptation of a simple colorimetric assay for inorganic pyrophosphate to the enzyme 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonate cytidylyltransferase (cmp-kdo synthetase, kdsb, ec 2.7.7.38), a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharide (lps) in gram-negative organisms. this assay is particularly useful because it can be combined with the malachite green (mg) assay for inorganic phosphate to form an assay system capable of determining inorganic phosphate and inorganic pyropho ... | 2011 | 21669179 |
| a prospective study of intrafamilial transmission and antimicrobial susceptibility for moraxella catarrhalis. | moraxella catarrhalis has been recognized as a particularly threatening respiratory tract pathogen in humans. a prospective study was performed to investigate a possible model of m. catarrhalis that can be transmitted intrafamily, which includes features of antimicrobial susceptibility. a total of 75 strains were isolated from 6 participants between july 2002 and february 2004, which included 73 that were verified as beta-lactamase-producing strains. antimicrobial susceptibility was tested for 6 ... | 2011 | 21668485 |
| [prevalence of serotypes of streptococcus pneumoniae and other agents that cause acute otitis media in children in latin america. a systematic review of the literature]. | acute otitis media (aom) is a common diagnosis in children. streptococcus pneumoniae remains the most prevalent agent worldwide, followed by haemophilus influenzae. however, the introduction of pneumococcal vaccines has changed the microbiology of aom. | 2011 | 21660385 |
| sole infection by human metapneumovirus among children with radiographically diagnosed community-acquired pneumonia in a tropical region. | limited information is available on the role of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) as the unique pathogen among children hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in a tropical region. | 2011 | 21651739 |
| viral-bacterial co-infection in australian indigenous children with acute otitis media. | abstract: background: acute otitis media with perforation (aomwip) affects 40% of remote indigenous children during the first 18 months of life. streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis are the primary bacterial pathogens of otitis media and their loads predict clinical ear state. our hypothesis is that antecedent respiratory viral infection increases bacterial density and progression to perforation. methods: a total of 366 nasopharyngeal swabs from 114 indigeno ... | 2011 | 21649905 |
| the utility of matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) following introduction for routine laboratory bacterial identification. | maldi-tof ms was evaluated prospectively in a diagnostic laboratory. 927 organisms were tested in triplicate; 2351/2781 (85%) species and 2681/2781 (96%) genus identifications were correct. known issues such as the misidentification of α-haemolytic streptococci as streptococcus pneumonia were easily corrected. identifications cost $aud0.45 per isolate and were available in minutes. maldi-tof ms is rapid, accurate and inexpensive. | 2011 | 21632894 |
| the autotransporter protein from bordetella avium, baa1, is involved in host cell attachment. | bordetella avium is a gram negative upper respiratory tract pathogen of birds. b. avium infection of commercially raised turkeys is an agriculturally significant problem. here we describe the functional analysis of the first characterized b. avium autotransporter protein, baa1. autotransporters comprise a large family of proteins found in all groups of gram negative bacteria. although not unique to pathogenic bacteria, autotransporters have been shown to perform a variety of functions implicated ... | 2011 | 21632225 |
| microbiology of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in children with acute nonresponding or recurrent community-acquired pneumonia: identification of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae as a major pathogen. | background. precise etiologic diagnosis in pediatric community-acquired pneumonia (cap) remains challenging. methods. we conducted a retrospective study of cap etiology in 2 groups of pediatric patients who underwent flexible bronchoscopy (fob) with bronchoalveolar lavage (bal); children with acute nonresponsive cap (nr-cap; n = 127) or recurrent cap (rec-cap; n = 123). procedural measures were taken to limit contamination risk and quantitative bacterial culture of bal fluid (significance cutoff ... | 2011 | 21628484 |
| chronic granulomatous disease: a review of the infectious and inflammatory complications. | abstract: chronic granulomatous disease is the most commonly encountered immunodeficiency involving the phagocyte, and is characterized by repeated infections with bacterial and fungal pathogens, as well as the formation of granulomas in tissue. the disease is the result of a disorder of the nadph oxidase system, culminating in an inability of the phagocyte to generate superoxide, leading to the defective killing of pathogenic organisms. this can lead to infections with staphylococcus aureus, ps ... | 2011 | 21624140 |
| intragenomic and intraspecific heterogeneity of the 16s rrna gene in seven bacterial species from the respiratory tract of cystic fibrosis patients assessed by pcr-temporal temperature gel electrophoresis. | 16s rrna gene-based cultivation-independent methods are increasingly used to study the diversity of microbiota during health and disease. one bias of these methods is the variability of 16s rrna gene that may exist among strains of a same species (intraspecific heterogeneity) or between rrs copies in a genome (intragenomic heterogeneity). we evaluated the level of intraspecific and intragenomic 16s rdna variability in seven species frequently encountered in respiratory tract samples in cystic fi ... | 2011 | 21621347 |
| exacerbation of cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary inflammation by staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin b in mice. | abstract: background: cigarette smoke (cs) is a major risk factor for the development of copd. cs exposure is associated with an increased risk of bacterial colonization and respiratory tract infection, because of suppressed antibacterial activities of the immune system and delayed clearance of microbial agents from the lungs. colonization with staphylococcus aureus results in release of virulent enterotoxins, with superantigen activity which causes t cell activation. objective: to study the eff ... | 2011 | 21615971 |
| [acting in pulmonary infections in ambulatory practice at adult]. | the clinical manifestations (both symptoms and signs) of infections of respiratory tract disease are limited and not specific to the cause. however, there is no universal approach, and good clinical judgment is often essential. most people have approximately three colds per year, of which 70% result from viral origin. it should be stressed that a confident diagnosis of pneumonia is difficult outside the hospital. very often the most important clinical questions are whether an antibiotic should b ... | 2010 | 21612048 |
| extracellular matrix formation enhances the ability of streptococcus pneumoniae to cause invasive disease. | during infection, pneumococci exist mainly in sessile biofilms rather than in planktonic form, except during sepsis. however, relatively little is known about how biofilms contribute to pneumococcal pathogenesis. here, we carried out a biofilm assay on opaque and transparent variants of a clinical serotype 19f strain wch159. after 4 days incubation, scanning electron microscopy revealed that opaque biofilm bacteria produced an extracellular matrix, whereas the transparent variant did not. the op ... | 2011 | 21611130 |
| crowding and other strong predictors of upper respiratory tract carriage of otitis media-related bacteria in australian aboriginal and non-aboriginal children. | background:: streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis, and nontypeable haemophilus influenzae is associated with otitis media (om). data are limited on risk factors for carriage of these pathogens, particularly for indigenous populations. we investigated predictors of nasopharyngeal carriage in australian aboriginal and non-aboriginal children. methods:: nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected up to 7 times before age 2 years from 100 aboriginal and 180 non-aboriginal children. longitudin ... | 2011 | 21593705 |
| evaluation of a single tube multiplex real-time pcr for differentiation of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in clinical specimens. | members of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc) differ in virulence attributes, drug resistance patterns, and host preferences. the rapid differentiation of these species to determine zoonotic or human sources of tuberculosis disease or to direct treatment can benefit both public health and patient management. commercially available assays cannot differentiate these species and published assays have not been evaluated directly on clinical specimens. a real-time pcr assay for the differe ... | 2011 | 21593269 |
| investigating the potential of conserved inner core oligosaccharide regions of moraxella catarrhalis lipopolysaccharide as vaccine antigens: accessibility and functional activity of monoclonal antibodies and glycoconjugate derived sera. | we investigated the conservation and antibody accessibility of inner core epitopes of moraxella catarrhalis lipopolysaccharide (lps) in order to assess their potential as vaccine candidates. two lps mutants, a single mutant designated lgt2 and a double mutant termed lgt2/lgt4, elaborating truncated inner core structures were generated in order to preclude expression of host-like outer core structures and to create an inner core structure that was shared by all three serotypes a, b and c of m. ca ... | 2011 | 21590368 |
| ceftaroline versus ceftriaxone in a highly penicillin-resistant pneumococcal pneumonia rabbit model using simulated human dosing. | ceftaroline (cpt) is a new cephalosporin exhibiting bactericidal activity against gram-positive organisms, including methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and multidrug-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae (mdrsp), as well as common gram-negative pathogens. this study investigated in vivo efficacy of a 48-hour simulated human-dose regimen of cpt compared with ceftriaxone (cro) against isolates of s. pneumoniae varying in susceptibility to penicillin in a rabbit pneumonia model. three ... | 2011 | 21576444 |
| moraxella catarrhalis outer membrane vesicles carry beta-lactamase and promote survival of streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae by inactivating amoxicillin. | moraxella catarrhalis is a common pathogen found in children with upper respiratory tract infections, and in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during exacerbations. the bacterial species is often isolated together with streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae. outer membrane vesicles (omv) are released by m. catarrhalis and contain phospholipids, adhesins, and immunomodulatory compounds such as lipooligosaccharide. we have recently shown that m. catarrhalis omv exist ... | 2011 | 21576428 |
| helicobacter pylori alpa and alpb bind host laminin and influence gastric inflammation in gerbils. | helicobacter pylori persistently colonizes humans, causing gastritis, ulcers, and gastric cancer. adherence to the gastric epithelium has been shown to enhance inflammation, yet only a few h. pylori adhesins have been paired with targets in host tissue. the alpab locus has been reported to encode adhesins involved in adherence to human gastric tissue. we report that abrogation of h. pylori alpa and alpb reduces binding of h. pylori to laminin, while expression of plasmid-borne alpa confers lamin ... | 2011 | 21576328 |
| the rna chaperone hfq is important for growth and stress tolerance in francisella novicida. | the rna-binding protein hfq is recognized as an important regulatory factor in a variety of cellular processes, including stress resistance and pathogenesis. hfq has been shown in several bacteria to interact with small regulatory rnas and act as a post-transcriptional regulator of mrna stability and translation. here we examined the impact of hfq on growth, stress tolerance, and gene expression in the intracellular pathogen francisella novicida. we present evidence of hfq involvement in the abi ... | 2011 | 21573133 |
| aom in children. | in the uk, about 30% of children under 3 years of age visit their gp each year with acute otitis media (aom), and 97% of these receive antibiotics. in the us, aom is the most common reason for outpatient antibiotic treatment. without antibiotics, aom resolves within 24 hours in about 60% of children, and within 3 days in about 80% of children. | 2011 | 21554768 |
| population pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone in critically ill septic patients: a reappraisal. | to investigate the population pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone in critically ill patients suffering from sepsis, severe sepsis or septic shock. | 2011 | 21545483 |
| genetics of complex airway disease. | the past 3 years have seen highly significant genetic effects identified for a wide variety of common complex diseases, including the airway disorders of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. it appears that only a portion of the genetically mediated susceptibility to complex diseases has been identified, and there is much left to be discovered. this review briefly describes the results of the genome-wide association studies of asthma and gives an overview of the parallel and increas ... | 2011 | 21543792 |
| characterization of a cryptic plasmid psm429 and its application for heterologous expression in psychrophilic pseudoalteromonas. | abstract: background: pseudoalteromonas is an important genus widespread in marine environment, and a lot of psychrophilic pseudoalteromonas strains thrive in deep sea and polar sea. by now, there are only a few genetic systems for pseudoalteromonas reported and no commercial pseudoalteromonas genetic system is available, which impedes the study of pseudoalteromonas, especially for psychrophilic strains. the aim of this study is to develop a heterologous expression system for psychrophilic pseud ... | 2011 | 21542941 |
| always one step ahead: how pathogenic bacteria use the type iii secretion system to manipulate the intestinal mucosal immune system. | the intestinal immune system and the epithelium are the first line of defense in the gut. constantly exposed to microorganisms from the environment, the gut has complex defense mechanisms to prevent infections, as well as regulatory pathways to tolerate commensal bacteria and food antigens. intestinal pathogens have developed strategies to regulate intestinal immunity and inflammation in order to establish or prolong infection. the organisms that employ a type iii secretion system use a molecula ... | 2011 | 21539730 |
| antimicrobial resistance in urinary tract pathogens in canada from 2007 to 2009: canward surveillance study. | from january 2007 to december 2009 an annual canadian national surveillance study (canward) tested 2943 urinary culture pathogens for antimicrobial susceptibilities following clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) guidelines. the most frequently isolated urinary pathogens (n, % of all isolates) were escherichia coli (1581, 54%), enterococci (410, 14%), klebsiella pneumoniae (274, 9%), proteus mirabilis (122, 4%), pseudomonas aeruginosa (100, 3%), and staphylococcus aureus (80, 3%). r ... | 2011 | 21537027 |
| access to a polymerase chain reaction assay method targeting 13 respiratory viruses can reduce antibiotics: a randomised, controlled trial. | viral respiratory infections are common worldwide and range from completely benign disease to life-threatening illness. symptoms can be unspecific, and an etiologic diagnosis is rarely established because of a lack of suitable diagnostic tools. improper use of antibiotics is common in this setting, which is detrimental in light of the development of bacterial resistance. it has been suggested that the use of diagnostic tests could reduce antibiotic prescription rates. the objective of this study ... | 2011 | 21521505 |
| pathogen yield and antimicrobial resistance patterns of chronic rhinosinusitis patients presenting to a tertiary rhinology centre. | to examine the yield and resistance profile of pathogens in chronic rhinosinusitis (crs) patients receiving culture-directed management and to pay particular attention to the prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) in this population. | 2011 | 21518646 |
| splunc1 promotes lung innate defense against mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in mice. | short palate, lung, and nasal epithelium clone 1 (splunc1) protein is highly expressed in normal airways, but is dramatically decreased in allergic and cigarette smoke exposure settings. we have previously demonstrated splunc1 in vitro antibacterial property against mycoplasma pneumoniae (mp). however, its in vivo biological functions remain unclear. the objectives of this study were to determine the in vivo functions of splunc1 following bacterial (eg, mp) infection, and to examine the underlyi ... | 2011 | 21514430 |
| comparative study of immune status to infectious agents in elderly patients with multiple myeloma, waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. | whereas patients with multiple myeloma (mm) have a well-documented susceptibility to infections, this has been less studied in other b-cell disorders, such as waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (wm) and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (mgus). we investigated the humoral immunity to 24 different pathogens in elderly patients with mm (n = 25), wm (n = 16), and mgus (n = 18) and in age-matched controls (n = 20). antibody titers against pneumococci, staphylococcal alpha-toxin, tetanu ... | 2011 | 21508164 |
| sitafloxacin: in bacterial infections. | sitafloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibacterial with in vitro activity against a broad range of gram-positive and -negative bacteria, including anaerobic bacteria, as well as against atypical pathogens. it is approved in japan for use in a number of bacterial infections caused by sitafloxacin-susceptible strains of staphylococcus spp., streptococcus pneumoniae, other streptococcus spp., enterococcus spp., moraxella catarrhalis, escherichia coli, citrobacter spp., klebsiella spp., enterobacter sp ... | 2011 | 21504249 |
| pneumonia caused by moraxella catarrhalis in haematopoietic stem cell transplant patients. report of two cases and review of the literature. | moraxella catarrhalis is a gram negative diplococcus that causes a variety of upper and lower respiratory tract infections. patients with malignant, hematological disorders treated with intensive cytotoxic chemotherapy, and recipients of various forms of haematopoietic stem cell transplant receiving immunosuppressive agents are at high risk of developing severe infections and septic complications. early detection of the organism and prompt treatment with appropriate antibiotics provide both reso ... | 2007 | 21503215 |
| mutant lipooligosaccharide-based conjugate vaccine demonstrates a broad-spectrum effectiveness against moraxella catarrhalis. | there is no licensed vaccine available against moraxella catarrhalis, an exclusive human pathogen responsible for otitis media in children and respiratory infections in adults. we previously developed conjugate vaccine candidates based on lipooligosaccharides (loss) of m. catarrhalis serotypes a, b, and c, each of which was shown to cover a portion of the clinical strains. to generate conserved los antigens and eliminate a potential autoimmune response to a similar epitope between m. catarrhalis ... | 2011 | 21501641 |
| risk factors for serotype 19a carriage after introduction of 7-valent pneumococcal vaccination. | abstract: | 2011 | 21501471 |
| bacteriological findings and antimicrobial resistance in odontogenic and non-odontogenic chronic maxillary sinusitis. | the main objectives of this study were to estimate the frequency of chronic maxillary sinusitis of dental origin, and to evaluate the microbiology of odontogenic and non-odontogenic chronic maxillary sinusitis. aspirates of 59 patients with chronic maxillary sinusitis (47 non-odontogenic, 12 odontogenic), collected during a 3-year period, were microbiologically processed for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. moreover, in the isolated bacteria the antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated. in this ... | 2011 | 21498651 |
| randomized placebo-controlled trial on azithromycin to reduce the morbidity of bronchiolitis in indigenous australian infants: rationale and protocol. | acute lower respiratory infections are the commonest cause of morbidity and potentially preventable mortality in indigenous infants. infancy is also a critical time for post-natal lung growth and development. severe or repeated lower airway injury in very young children likely increases the likelihood of chronic pulmonary disorders later in life. globally, bronchiolitis is the most common form of acute lower respiratory infections during infancy. compared with non-indigenous australian infants, ... | 2011 | 21492416 |
| adhesion and host cell modulation: critical pathogenicity determinants of bartonella henselae. | abstract: bartonella henselae, the agent of cat scratch disease and the vasculoproliferative disorders bacillary angiomatosis and peliosis hepatis, contains to date two groups of described pathogenicity factors: adhesins and type iv secretion systems. bartonella adhesin a (bada), the trw system and possibly filamentous hemagglutinin act as promiscous or specific adhesins, whereas the virulence locus (vir)b/vird4 type iv secretion system modulates a variety of host cell functions. bada mediates b ... | 2011 | 21489243 |
| comparison between nasopharyngeal swab and nasal wash, using culture and pcr, in the detection of potential respiratory pathogens. | nasopharyngeal carriage of potential pathogens is important as it is both the major source of transmission and the prerequisite of invasive disease. new methods for detecting carriage could improve comfort, accuracy and laboratory utility. the aims of this study were to compare the sensitivities of a nasopharyngeal swab (nps) and a nasal wash (nw) in detecting potential respiratory pathogens in healthy adults using microbiological culture and pcr. | 2011 | 21489228 |
| a conserved interaction between transferrin and transferrin-binding proteins from porcine pathogens. | gram-negative porcine pathogens from the pasteurellaceae family possess a surface receptor complex capable of acquiring iron from porcine transferrin (ptf). this receptor consists of transferrin binding protein a (tbpa), a transmembrane iron transporter, and tbpb, a surface-exposed lipoprotein. questions remain as to how the receptor complex engages ptf in such a way that iron is positioned for release, and whether divergent strains present distinct recognition sites on tf. in this study, the tb ... | 2011 | 21487007 |
| microbiology of animal bite wound infections. | the microbiology of animal bite wound infections in humans is often polymicrobial, with a broad mixture of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. bacteria recovered from infected bite wounds are most often reflective of the oral flora of the biting animal, which can also be influenced by the microbiome of their ingested prey and other foods. bacteria may also originate from the victim's own skin or the physical environment at the time of injury. our review has focused on bite wound infections in ... | 2011 | 21482724 |
| comparative ceftaroline activity tested against pathogens associated with community-acquired pneumonia: results from an international surveillance study. | to document the spectrum of activity of ceftaroline, the active form of the prodrug, ceftaroline fosamil, a new cephalosporin with anti-methicillin-resistant staphylococcal activity, against a surveillance collection of clinical isolates obtained from the usa and europe during 2008-09. | 2011 | 21482572 |
| changing needs of community-acquired pneumonia. | community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is a serious condition associated with significant morbidity and potential long-term mortality. although the majority of patients with cap are treated as outpatients, the greatest proportion of pneumonia-related mortality and healthcare expenditure occurs among the patients who are hospitalized. there has been considerable interest in determining risk factors and severity criteria assessments to assist with site-of-care decisions. for both inpatients and outpat ... | 2011 | 21482567 |
| ceftaroline fosamil: a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin. | ceftaroline fosamil, the prodrug of the active metabolite, ceftaroline, is a new, broad-spectrum cephalosporin recently approved in the usa for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (absssis) and community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (cabp). ceftaroline has potent in vitro activity against gram-positive organisms, including methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pneumoniae, as well as common gram-negative organisms. the high affinity of cefta ... | 2011 | 21482565 |
| sore throat. | about 10% of people present to primary healthcare services with sore throat each year. the causative organisms of sore throat may be bacteria (most commonly streptococcus) or viruses (typically rhinovirus), although it is difficult to distinguish bacterial from viral infections clinically. methods and outcomes: we conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: what are the effects of interventions to reduce symptoms of acute infective sore throat? what are th ... | 2011 | 21477389 |
| neisseria meningitidis adhesin nada targets {beta}1 integrins: functional similarity to yersinia invasin. | meningococci are facultative-pathogenic bacteria endowed with a set of adhesins allowing colonization of the human upper respiratory tract, leading to fulminant meningitis and septicemia. the neisseria adhesin nada was identified in about 50% of n. meningitidis isolates and is closely related to the yersinia adhesin yada, the prototype of the oligomeric coiled-coil adhesin (oca) family. nada is known to be involved in cell adhesion, invasion, and induction of proinflammatory cytokines. because o ... | 2011 | 21471204 |
| detection of microorganisms in exhaled breath condensate during acute exacerbations of copd. | summary at a glance: exhaled breath condensate (ebc) is a noninvasive method to assess airway biology. the aim of the present study was to evaluate ebc for the detection of microbial nucleic acids during acute exacerbations of copd (aecopd). bacterial nucleic acids can be identified in ebcs of copd patients with exacerbations, however, the results differed significantly from those of sputum. abstract: background and objective: one hallmark of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is colo ... | 2011 | 21470340 |
| value of procalcitonin, c-reactive protein, and neopterin in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | the identification of biological markers in order to assess different aspects of copd is an area of growing interest. the objective of this study was to investigate whether levels of procalcitonin (pct), c-reactive protein (crp), and neopterin in copd patients could be useful in identifying the etiological origin of the exacerbation and assessing its prognosis. | 2011 | 21468168 |
| clinical impact of combined viral and bacterial infection in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. | new methods for identifying respiratory pathogens have led to several reports of a high yield of mixed infections in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (cap). the clinical impact of these findings has, however, not been fully evaluated. we aimed to compare patients with a pure bacterial etiology with those with findings of both bacteria and virus regarding severity of illness and length of hospital stay. | 2011 | 21466255 |
| in vitro and in vivo profiles of ach-702, an isothiazoloquinolone, against bacterial pathogens. | ach-702, a novel isothiazoloquinolone (itq), was assessed for antibacterial activity against a panel of gram-positive and gram-negative clinical isolates and found to possess broad-spectrum activity, especially against antibiotic-resistant gram-positive strains, including methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa). for gram-negative bacteria, ach-702 showed exceptional potency against haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and a neisseria sp. but was less active against members o ... | 2011 | 21464250 |
| consumption patterns and in vitro resistance of streptococcus pneumoniae to fluoroquinolones. | this article analyzes patterns of consumption of fluoroquinolones and documents the in vitro resistances of streptococcus pneumoniae isolates to fluoroquinolones in the ambulatory care setting in belgium over time. the volume of fluoroquinolone consumption has fallen consistently since 2003. fluoroquinolones were used primarily for their registered indications (i.e., urinary tract infections and lower respiratory tract infections). the mic distributions of moxifloxacin and levofloxacin in s. pne ... | 2011 | 21464243 |
| interpreting assays for the detection of streptococcus pneumoniae. | streptococcus pneumoniae is both an aggressive pathogen and a normal part of the human respiratory microbiome. clinicians and microbiologists have struggled to develop tests that can identify pneumococcal respiratory infection and accurately distinguish colonization from invasive disease. molecular methods hold the promise of an improved ability to rapidly detect microorganisms in respiratory secretions and to make an accurate diagnosis; however, interpretation of diagnostic testing for s. pneum ... | 2011 | 21460292 |
| airway microbiology and host defences in paediatric non-cf bronchiectasis. | bronchiectasis in children without cystic fibrosis is most common in socioeconomically disadvantaged communities. recurrent pneumonia in early childhood and defective pulmonary defences are important risk factors. these help establish a 'vicious cycle' of impaired mucociliary clearance, infection, airway inflammation and progressive lung injury. haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis and pseudomonas aeruginosa are the main infecting pathogens. h. influenzae predo ... | 2011 | 21458739 |
| vesiculobullous eruption of the right arm after intravenous clarithromycin. | clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic. in clinical trials, adverse drug reactions of clarithromycin are usually mild and transient. only 1% of the adverse reactions are severe. herein, we present a case with vesiculobullous skin reaction and vein thrombosis caused by administration of intravenous clarithromycin. | 2011 | 21455431 |
| clinical effectiveness and safety of gemifloxacin versus cefpodoxime in acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis: a randomized, controlled trial. | acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (aecb) is a commonly encountered problem and those suspected to be due to bacterial infections require antibiotic therapy. this randomized, controlled trial was designed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of gemifloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, versus cefpodoxime, an oral third-generation cephalosporin, for the treatment of mild to moderately severe cases of aecb. | 2011 | 21455420 |
| preventing and treating secondary bacterial infections with antiviral agents. | bacterial super-infections contribute to the significant morbidity and mortality associated with influenza and other respiratory virus infections. there are robust animal model data, but only limited clinical information on the effectiveness of licensed antiviral agents for the treatment of bacterial complications of influenza. the association of secondary bacterial pathogens with fatal pneumonia during the recent h1n1 influenza pandemic highlights the need for new development in this area. basi ... | 2011 | 21447860 |
| the moraxella catarrhalis nitric oxide reductase is essential for nitric oxide detoxification. | moraxella catarrhalis is a gram-negative obligate aerobe that is an important cause of human respiratory tract infections. the m. catarrhalis genome encodes a predicted truncated denitrification pathway that reduces nitrate to nitrous oxide. we have previously shown that expression of both the m. catarrhalis ania (encoding a nitrite reductase) and norb (encoding a putative nitric oxide reductase) genes is repressed by the transcriptional regulator nsrr under aerobic conditions and that m. catarr ... | 2011 | 21441505 |
| [in vitro activity of sitafloxacin against clinical isolates in 2009]. | in vitro activity of sitafloxacin (stfx) and various oral antimicrobial agents against bacterial isolates recovered from clinical specimens between january and december 2009, at different healthcare facilities in japan was evaluated. a total of 1,620 isolates including aerobic and anaerobic organisms was available for the susceptibility testing using the microbroth dilution methods recommended by clinical laboratory standard institute. the minimum inhibitory concentration of stfx at which 90% of ... | 2010 | 21425595 |
| ceftaroline: a comprehensive update. | ceftaroline is a novel broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic currently under us food and drug administration (fda) review for a new drug application (nda), filed by cerexa, inc. (a wholly owned subsidiary of forest laboratories), for the treatment of complicated skin and skin-structure infections (csssis) and community-associated pneumonia (cap). the antibiotic acts by binding to penicillin-binding proteins in bacteria, consistent with other ß-lactams. the antimicrobial spectrum of ceftaroline ... | 2011 | 21420284 |
| nationwide surveillance of bacterial respiratory pathogens conducted by the japanese society of chemotherapy in 2008: general view of the pathogens' antibacterial susceptibility. | for the purpose of nationwide surveillance of the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial respiratory pathogens collected from patients in japan, the japanese society of chemotherapy conducted a third year of nationwide surveillance during the period from january to april 2008. a total of 1,097 strains were collected from clinical specimens obtained from well-diagnosed adult patients with respiratory tract infections. susceptibility testing was evaluable with 987 strains (189 staphylococcus au ... | 2011 | 21409533 |
| common cold. | each year, children suffer up to 5 colds and adults have two to three infections, leading to time off school or work, and considerable discomfort. most symptoms resolve within 1 week, but coughs often persist for longer. | 2011 | 21406124 |
| severe pneumococcal pneumonia: impact of new quinolones on prognosis. | most guidelines have been proposing, for more than 15 years, a ß-lactam combined with either a quinolone or a macrolide as empirical, first-line therapy of severe community acquired pneumonia (cap) requiring icu admission. our goal was to evaluate the outcome of patients with severe cap, focusing on the impact of new rather than old fluoroquinolones combined with ß-lactam in the empirical antimicrobial treatments. | 2011 | 21406091 |
| in vitro activity of ceftaroline against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens isolated from patients in canadian hospitals in 2009. | the in vitro activities of ceftaroline and comparative agents were determined for a collection of the most frequently isolated bacterial pathogens from hospital-associated patients across canada in 2009 as part of the ongoing canward surveillance study. in total, 4,546 isolates from 15 sentinel canadian hospital laboratories were tested using the clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) broth microdilution method. compared with other cephalosporins, including ceftobiprole, cefepime, an ... | 2011 | 21402844 |
| healthcare-associated pneumonia among hospitalized patients in a korean tertiary hospital. | healthcare-associated pneumonia (hcap) has more similarities to nosocomial pneumonia than to community-acquired pneumonia (cap). however, there have only been a few epidemiological studies of hcap in south korea. we aimed to determine the differences between hcap and cap in terms of clinical features, pathogens, and outcomes, and to clarify approaches for initial antibiotic management. | 2011 | 21396096 |
| ligation of cd46 to cd40 inhibits cd40 signaling in b cells. | cd40 induces b cells to switch to ige in the presence of il-4 and up-regulates their expression of the low-affinity receptor for ige, cd23, which promotes the immune response to allergen complexed with ige antibody. cd40 binds to cd40l and to the c4b-binding protein (c4bp) using distinct sites. cd46 is a receptor for the product of activated complement c4b. some microbial antigens bind both c4bp and cd46, potentially bridging cd40 to cd46. in addition, immune complexes containing both c4b and c4 ... | 2011 | 21393637 |
| sublingual therapeutic immunization with a polyvalent bacterial preparation in patients with recurrent respiratory infections: immunomodulatory effect on antigen-specific memory cd4+ t cells and impact on clinical outcome. | recurrent respiratory tract infections (rrtis) are common clinical conditions in individuals with alterations of the immune function. a prospective open pilot study in a cohort of patients with rrtis has been performed to assess whether sublingual immunization with a polyvalent bacterial vaccine could exert an immunomodulatory effect on the antigen-specific immunological responses and have an impact on the clinical outcome. seventeen patients with rrtis were recruited. an oral polyvalent bacteri ... | 2011 | 21391984 |
| rna-oligonucleotide quantification technique (roqt) for the enumeration of uncultivated bacterial species in subgingival biofilms. | approximately 35% of the species present in subgingival biofilms are as yet uncultivated, so their role in periodontal pathogenesis is unknown. the aim of the present study was to develop a high throughput method to quantify a wide range of cultivated and uncultivated taxa in subgingival biofilm samples associated with periodontal disease or health. oligonucleotides targeting the 16s ribosomal dna gene were designed, synthesized and labeled with digoxigenin. these probes were hybridized with the ... | 2011 | 21375703 |
| exploring the oral microbiota of children at various developmental stages of their dentition in the relation to their oral health. | an understanding of the relation of commensal microbiota to health is essential in preventing disease. here we studied the oral microbial composition of children (n = 74, aged 3 - 18 years) in natural transition from their deciduous to a permanent dentition and related the microbial profiles to their oral health status. the microbial composition of saliva was assessed by barcoded pyrosequencing of the v5-v6 hypervariable regions of the 16 s rrna, as well as by using phylogenetic microarrays. | 2011 | 21371338 |
| clinical and microbiological evaluation of hemodialysis-associated pneumonia (hdap): should hdap be included in healthcare-associated pneumonia? | although hemodialysis-associated pneumonia (hdap) was included among the healthcare-associated pneumonias (hcap) in the 2005 american thoracic society (ats)/infectious diseases society of america (idsa) guideline, little information relevant to clinical epidemiology, especially microbiological characteristics, is available. this study aimed to reveal microbiological characteristics and clinical outcomes of hdap and to assess whether hdap should be included in the hcap category. we retrospectivel ... | 2011 | 21369775 |
| microbiology of sinusitis. | most sinus infections are viral, and only a small proportion develops a secondary bacterial infection. rhinoviruses, influenza viruses, and parainfluenza viruses are the most common causes of sinusitis. the most common bacteria isolated from pediatric and adult patients with community-acquired acute purulent sinusitis are streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and streptococcus pyogenes. staphylococcus aureus and anaerobic bacteria (prevotella and porphyromonas, ... | 2011 | 21364226 |
| detection of nasba amplified bacterial tmrna molecules on slicsel designed microarray probes. | we present a comprehensive technological solution for bacterial diagnostics using tmrna as a marker molecule. a robust probe design algorithm for microbial detection microarray is implemented. the probes were evaluated for specificity and, combined with nasba (nucleic acid sequence based amplification) amplification, for sensitivity. | 2011 | 21356118 |
| modified real-time pcr for detecting, differentiating, and quantifying ureaplasma urealyticum and ureaplasma parvum. | we evaluated a previously described quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) for quantifying and differentiating ureaplasma parvum and u. urealyticum. because of nonspecific reactions with staphylococcus aureus dna in the u. parvum pcr, we developed a modified qpcr and designed new primers. these oligonucleotides eradicated cross-reactions, indicating higher specificity. the detection limits of the qpcr were determined at 1 and 3 colony-forming units/ml for u. parvum and u. urealyticum, respectively. t ... | 2011 | 21354056 |
| inhibitory activity of a standardized elderberry liquid extract against clinically-relevant human respiratory bacterial pathogens and influenza a and b viruses. | black elderberries (sambucus nigra l.) are well known as supportive agents against common cold and influenza. it is further known that bacterial super-infection during an influenza virus (iv) infection can lead to severe pneumonia. we have analyzed a standardized elderberry extract (rubini, berrypharma ag) for its antimicrobial and antiviral activity using the microtitre broth micro-dilution assay against three gram-positive bacteria and one gram-negative bacteria responsible for infections of t ... | 2011 | 21352539 |
| infections and immunodeficiency in down syndrome. | down syndrome (ds) is the most common genetic disease and presents with cognitive impairment, cardiac and gastrointestinal abnormalities, in addition to other miscellaneous clinical conditions. ds individuals may have a high frequency of infections, usually of the upper respiratory tract, characterized by increased severity and prolonged course of disease, which are partially attributed to defects of the immune system. the abnormalities of the immune system associated with ds include: mild to mo ... | 2011 | 21352207 |
| microbial manipulation of receptor crosstalk in innate immunity. | in the arms race of host-microbe co-evolution, successful microbial pathogens have evolved ingenious ways to evade host immune responses. in this review, we focus on 'crosstalk manipulation' - the microbial strategies that instigate, subvert or disrupt the molecular signalling crosstalk between receptors of the innate immune system. this proactive interference undermines host defences and contributes to microbial adaptive fitness and persistent infections. understanding how pathogens exploit hos ... | 2011 | 21350579 |
| effects of bacterial infection on airway antimicrobial peptides and proteins in copd. | pathogenic bacteria colonize the airways of 30% to 40% of patients with copd and cause approximately 50% of exacerbations. new strains of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) and moraxella catarrhalis are associated with exacerbations. antimicrobial protein/peptides (amps) play important roles in innate lung defense against pathogens. to our knowledge, the changes in amp baseline levels in respiratory secretions during bacterial colonization and exacerbation have not been described. the obj ... | 2011 | 21349930 |
| fastidious gram-negatives: identification by the vitek 2 neisseria-haemophilus card and by partial 16s rrna gene sequencing analysis. | taxonomy and identification of fastidious gram negatives are evolving and challenging. we compared identifications achieved with the vitek 2 neisseria-haemophilus (nh) card and partial 16s rrna gene sequence (526 bp stretch) analysis with identifications obtained with extensive phenotypic characterization using 100 fastidious gram negative bacteria. seventy-five strains represented 21 of the 26 taxa included in the vitek 2 nh database and 25 strains represented related species not included in th ... | 2010 | 21347215 |
| antibiogram pattern of moraxella catarrhalis isolates in acute exacerbation chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | 2011 | 21346354 | |
| multistep resistance development studies of ceftaroline in gram-positive and -negative bacteria. | ceftaroline, the active component of the prodrug ceftaroline fosamil, is a novel broad-spectrum cephalosporin with bactericidal activity against gram-positive and -negative isolates. this study evaluated the potential for ceftaroline and comparator antibiotics to select for clones of streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, klebsiella pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, and enterococcus faecalis with elevated mics. s. pneumoniae and s. pyoge ... | 2011 | 21343467 |
| investigation of the human pathogen acinetobacter baumannii under iron limiting conditions. | iron acquisition systems are important virulence factors in pathogenic bacteria. to identify these systems in acinetobacter baumannii, the transcriptomic response of the completely sequenced strain atcc 17978 under iron limiting conditions was investigated using a genomic microarray that contained probes for all annotated open reading frames. | 2011 | 21342532 |
| symptoms of the oral cavity and their association with local microbiological and clinical findings--a prospective survey in palliative care. | symptoms of the oral cavity clearly encompass more than radiation or chemotherapy-induced mucositis. still, the burden of oral symptoms in palliative care has hardly been addressed directly, and considerations towards underlying disease processes have often been extrapolated from oncology patients. | 2011 | 21336528 |
| symptoms of the oral cavity and their association with local microbiological and clinical findings--a prospective survey in palliative care. | symptoms of the oral cavity clearly encompass more than radiation or chemotherapy-induced mucositis. still, the burden of oral symptoms in palliative care has hardly been addressed directly, and considerations towards underlying disease processes have often been extrapolated from oncology patients. | 2011 | 21336528 |
| parental administration of antipyretics to children with upper respiratory tract infections without consultation with a physician. | to evaluate the administration of antipyretics to children with upper respiratory tract infections (urti) by their parents or guardians without consultation with physicians, and compare epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients who received antipyretics and of untreated patients. | 2011 | 21328720 |
| adenoid reservoir for pathogenic biofilm bacteria. | biofilms of pathogenic bacteria are present on the middle ear mucosa of children with chronic otitis media (com) and may contribute to the persistence of pathogens and the recalcitrance of com to antibiotic treatment. controlled studies indicate that adenoidectomy is effective in the treatment of com, suggesting that the adenoids may act as a reservoir for com pathogens. to investigate the bacterial community in the adenoid, samples were obtained from 35 children undergoing adenoidectomy for chr ... | 2011 | 21307211 |
| a novel immunity system for bacterial nucleic acid degrading toxins and its recruitment in various eukaryotic and dna viral systems. | the use of nucleases as toxins for defense, offense or addiction of selfish elements is widely encountered across all life forms. using sensitive sequence profile analysis methods, we characterize a novel superfamily (the sukh superfamily) that unites a diverse group of proteins including smi1/knr4, pgs2, fbxo3, skip16, syd, herpesviral us22, irs1 and trs1, and their bacterial homologs. using contextual analysis we present evidence that the bacterial members of this superfamily are potential imm ... | 2011 | 21306995 |
| a multicentre surveillance study on the characteristics, bacterial aetiologies and in vitro antibiotic susceptibilities in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. | antimicrobial resistance is a global problem and the prevalence is high in many asian countries. | 2011 | 21299688 |
| neisseria meningitidis has two independent modes of recognizing its human receptor ceacam1. | several human-restricted gram-negative bacteria exploit carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules (ceacams) for host colonization. for example, neisseria meningitidis engages these human receptors via outer membrane proteins of the colony opacity-associated (opa) protein family triggering internalization into non-phagocytic cells. | 2011 | 21298042 |
| structural variations within the transferrin binding site on transferrin-binding protein b, tbpb. | pathogenic bacteria acquire the essential element iron through specialized uptake pathways that are necessary in the iron-limiting environments of the host. members of the gram-negative neisseriaceae and pasteurellaceae families have adapted to acquire iron from the host iron binding glycoprotein, transferrin (tf), through a receptor complex comprised of transferring-binding protein (tbp) a and b. because of the critical role they play in the host, these surface-exposed proteins are invariably p ... | 2011 | 21297163 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of ceftobiprole against clinical isolates from french teaching hospitals: proposition of zone diameter breakpoints. | the aims of this study were to determine the in vitro activity profile of ceftobiprole, a pyrrolidinone cephalosporin, against a large number of bacterial pathogens and to propose zone diameter breakpoints for clinical categorisation according to the european committee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing (eucast) minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) breakpoints. mics of ceftobiprole were determined by broth microdilution against 1548 clinical isolates collected in eight french hospitals. d ... | 2011 | 21295447 |
| microbial communities of the upper respiratory tract and otitis media in children. | streptococcus pneumoniae asymptomatically colonizes the upper respiratory tract of children and is a frequent cause of otitis media. patterns of microbial colonization likely influence s. pneumoniae colonization and otitis media susceptibility. this study compared microbial communities in children with and without otitis media. nasal swabs and clinical and demographic data were collected in a cross-sectional study of philadelphia, pa, children (6 to 78 months) (n=108) during the 2008-2009 winter ... | 2011 | 21285435 |