Publications

erythema nodosum and mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in childhood: further observations in two patients and a literature review.	erythema nodosum (en) is the most frequent panniculitis in childhood and has been associated with various conditions, such as infectious and autoimmune disorders, medications, and malignancies. the author reports on two children affected with en associated with mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, which occurred in one patient without pulmonary detection. the available literature on en and m. pneumoniae infection in childhood is also reviewed.	2015	25699127
card stabilizes mycobacterial open complexes via a two-tiered kinetic mechanism.	card is an essential and global transcriptional regulator in mycobacteria. while its biological role is unclear, card functions by interacting directly with rna polymerase (rnap) holoenzyme promoter complexes. here, using a fluorescent reporter of open complex, we quantitate rpo formation in real time and show that mycobacterium tuberculosis card has a dramatic effect on the energetics of rnap bound complexes on the m. tuberculosis rrnap3 ribosomal rna promoter. the data reveal that mycobacteriu ...	2015	25697505
five youth with pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome of differing etiologies.	pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (pans) is diagnosed by the abrupt onset of new obsessive compulsive disorder (ocd) or food-restricting symptoms, and at least two of a variety of other neuropsychiatric symptoms. detailed clinical presentation of youth with this condition has not yet been provided in the literature.	2015	25695942
transstadial transmission of borrelia turcica in hyalomma aegyptium ticks.	borrelia turcica comprises the third major group of arthropod-transmitted borreliae and is phylogenetically divergent from other borrelia groups. the novel group of borrelia was initially isolated from hyalomma aegyptium ticks in turkey and it was recently found in blood and multiple organs of tortoises exported from jordan to japan. however, the ecology of these spirochetes and their development in ticks or the vertebrate hosts were not investigated in detail; our aims were to isolate the patho ...	2015	25695663
structural mechanisms underlying sequence-dependent variations in gag affinities of decorin binding protein a, a borrelia burgdorferi adhesin.	decorin-binding protein a (dbpa) is an important surface adhesin of the bacterium borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease. dbpa facilitates the bacteria's colonization of human tissue by adhering to glycosaminoglycan (gag), a sulfated polysaccharide. interestingly, dbpa sequence variation among different strains of borrelia spirochetes is high, resulting in significant differences in their gag affinities. however, the structural mechanisms contributing to these differences are ...	2015	25695518
motor rotation is essential for the formation of the periplasmic flagellar ribbon, cellular morphology, and borrelia burgdorferi persistence within ixodes scapularis tick and murine hosts.	borrelia burgdorferi must migrate within and between its arthropod and mammalian hosts in order to complete its natural enzootic cycle. during tick feeding, the spirochete transmits from the tick to the host dermis, eventually colonizing and persisting within multiple, distant tissues. this dissemination modality suggests that flagellar motor rotation and, by extension, motility are crucial for infection. we recently reported that a nonmotile flab mutant that lacks periplasmic flagella is rod sh ...	2015	25690096
the lyme disease pathogen has no effect on the survival of its rodent reservoir host.	zoonotic pathogens that cause devastating morbidity and mortality in humans may be relatively harmless in their natural reservoir hosts. the tick-borne bacterium borrelia burgdorferi causes lyme disease in humans but few studies have investigated whether this pathogen reduces the fitness of its reservoir hosts under natural conditions. we analyzed four years of capture-mark-recapture (cmr) data on a population of white-footed mice, peromyscus leucopus, to test whether b. burgdorferi and its tick ...	2015	25688863
characterization of the relbbu regulon in borrelia burgdorferi reveals modulation of glycerol metabolism by (p)ppgpp.	the bacterial stringent response is triggered by deficiencies of available nutrients and other environmental stresses. it is mediated by 5'-triphosphate-guanosine-3'-diphosphate and 5'-diphosphate-guanosine-3'-diphosphate (collectively (p)ppgpp) and generates global changes in gene expression and metabolism that enable bacteria to adapt to and survive these challenges. borrelia burgdorferi encounters multiple stressors in its cycling between ticks and mammals that could trigger the stringent res ...	2015	25688856
complement system in dermatological diseases - fire under the skin.	the complement system plays a key role in several dermatological diseases. overactivation, deficiency, or abnormality of the control proteins are often related to a skin disease. autoimmune mechanisms with autoantibodies and a cytotoxic effect of the complement membrane attack complex on epidermal or vascular cells can cause direct tissue damage and inflammation, e.g., in systemic lupus erythematosus (sle), phospholipid antibody syndrome, and bullous skin diseases like pemphigoid. by evading com ...	2015	25688346
climate change and ixodes tick-borne diseases of humans.	the evidence that climate warming is changing the distribution of ixodes ticks and the pathogens they transmit is reviewed and evaluated. the primary approaches are either phenomenological, which typically assume that climate alone limits current and future distributions, or mechanistic, asking which tick-demographic parameters are affected by specific abiotic conditions. both approaches have promise but are severely limited when applied separately. for instance, phenomenological approaches (e.g ...	2015	25688022
accelerated phenology of blacklegged ticks under climate warming.	the phenology of tick emergence has important implications for the transmission of tick-borne pathogens. a long lag between the emergence of tick nymphs in spring and larvae in summer should increase transmission of persistent pathogens by allowing infected nymphs to inoculate the population of naive hosts that can subsequently transmit the pathogen to larvae to complete the transmission cycle. in contrast, greater synchrony between nymphs and larvae should facilitate transmission of pathogens t ...	2015	25688016
influences of weather on ixodes scapularis nymphal densities at long-term study sites in connecticut.	tick species worldwide are implicated in transmission of pathogens that cause mild to severe diseases in humans and livestock. although tick population densities are often highly correlated with tick-borne disease rates, we currently know little about which factors underlie annual changes in those tick population densities. we used a 25-year dataset of ixodes scapularis drag-sampling surveys at two locations in ct, usa, to investigate the relationship between average nymphal density from mid-may ...	2015	25687504
transient lesion in the splenium of the corpus callosum due to rotavirus infection.	transient signal changes in magnetic resonance imaging (mri) of the splenium of the corpus callosum (scc) can result from many different reasons, including encephalitis and encephalopathy caused by infection, seizures, metabolic disorders and asphyxia. we report a case of a 6-year-old polish girl with rotavirus infection demonstrating a reversible scc lesion on diffusion-weighted mri images. she presented six episodes of generalized tonic seizures with mild acute gastroenteritis. stool test for ...	2015	25686898
prevalence of select vector-borne disease agents in owned dogs of ghana.	ticks, sera and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta) blood were collected from dogs evaluated at the amakom veterinary clinic in kumasi, ghana. sera were evaluated for dirofilaria immitis antigen and antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi, anaplasma phagocytophilum and ehrlichia canis. conventional polymerase chain reaction assays designed to amplify the deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) of ehrlichia spp. or anaplasma spp. or neorickettsia spp. or wolbachia spp., babesia spp., rickettsia spp., hepa ...	2014	25686301
a three-generation family with idiopathic facial palsy suggesting an autosomal dominant inheritance with high penetrance.	idiopathic facial palsy (ifp), also known as bell's palsy, is a common neurologic disorder, but recurrent and familial forms are rare. this case series presents a three-generation family with idiopathic facial palsy. the mode of inheritance of ifp has previously been suggested as autosomal dominant with low or variable penetrance, but the present family indicates an autosomal dominant trait with high or complete penetrance. chromosome microarray studies did not reveal a pathogenic copy number va ...	2015	25685580
anopheles midgut epithelium evades human complement activity by capturing factor h from the blood meal.	hematophagous vectors strictly require ingesting blood from their hosts to complete their life cycles. exposure of the alimentary canal of these vectors to the host immune effectors necessitates efficient counteractive measures by hematophagous vectors. the anopheles mosquito transmitting the malaria parasite is an example of hematophagous vectors that within seconds can ingest human blood double its weight. the innate immune defense mechanisms, like the complement system, in the human blood sho ...	2015	25679788
a strange lupus-like malar rash with renal involvement: an angioimmunoblastic t-cell lymphoma - a case report.	cutaneous malar rash and kidney involvement has not previously been reported as presenting symptoms of an angioimmunoblastic t-cell lymphoma (aitl). we report a case of a woman with erythematous rash. a pet-ct revealed a lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. an inguinal lymph node biopsy showed an aitl. there was clinical improvement after prednisone.	2014	25678974
a strange lupus-like malar rash with renal involvement: an angioimmunoblastic t-cell lymphoma - a case report.	cutaneous malar rash and kidney involvement has not previously been reported as presenting symptoms of an angioimmunoblastic t-cell lymphoma (aitl). we report a case of a woman with erythematous rash. a pet-ct revealed a lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. an inguinal lymph node biopsy showed an aitl. there was clinical improvement after prednisone.	2014	25678974
genome sequence of borrelia chilensis va1, a south american member of the lyme borreliosis group.	borrelia chilensis strain va1 is a recently described south american member of the borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex from chile. whole-genome sequencing analysis determined its linear chromosome and plasmids lp54 and cp26, confirmed its membership in the lyme borreliosis group, and will open new research avenues regarding its pathogenic potential.	2015	25676758
[why can it be difficult for clinicians to diagnose acute lyme disease? from physiopathology to diagnosis, via abductive reasoning and bayes theorem].	the diagnosis of acute neuroborreliosis may be difficult if it's regarded as a "classical" infectious disease. through a clinical case, we illustrate the difficulties met and we suggest two ways of reflexion to assist in the diagnosis:--firstly, we explain how the comprehension of the behavior of the pathogen agent, which is similar to a parasitic behavior, can help to choose and interpret the results of additional tests;--secondly, we develop practically the clinical form of bayes's theorem to ...	2015	25672014
case report: bilateral diaphragmatic dysfunction due to borrelia burgdorferi.	in this case report we describe a rare case of bilateral diaphragmatic dysfunction due to lyme disease.	2014	25671085
images in emergency medicine. infant with rash. neonatal lyme disease.		2014	25669704
atg16l1 deficiency in macrophages drives clearance of uropathogenic e. coli in an il-1β-dependent manner.	urinary tract infections (utis) are frequent, commonly recurrent, and costly. deficiency in a key autophagy protein, atg16l1, protects mice from infection with the predominant bacterial cause of utis, uropathogenic e. coli (upec). here, we report that loss of atg16l1 in macrophages accounts for this protective phenotype. compared with wild-type macrophages, macrophages deficient in atg16l1 exhibit increased uptake of upec and enhanced secretion of interleukin-1β (il-1β). the increased il-1β prod ...	2015	25669147
birdshot retinochoroidopathy.	birdshot retinochoroidopathy (bsrc) is an uncommon, but well-characterized chronic, bilateral posterior uveitis, which is uniquely associated with the human leukocyte antigen-a29 phenotype. the disease presents predominantly in middle-aged caucasian females who complain of blurred vision, floaters, photopsias, paracentral scotomas and nyctalopia. while autoimmune mechanisms are thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of bsrc, its etiology remains unknown. important questions remain ...	2014	25667738
structural analysis of dna binding by c.csp231i, a member of a novel class of r-m controller proteins regulating gene expression.	in a wide variety of bacterial restriction-modification systems, a regulatory `controller' protein (or c-protein) is required for effective transcription of its own gene and for transcription of the endonuclease gene found on the same operon. we have recently turned our attention to a new class of controller proteins (exemplified by c.csp231i) that have quite novel features, including a much larger dna-binding site with an 18 bp (∼60 å) spacer between the two palindromic dna-binding sequences an ...	2015	25664751
a case of a laryngeal malt lymphoma in a patient with a history of gastric malt.	we are reporting a case of a 62-year-old african american woman with a history of gastric malt lymphoma successfully treated with radiation who presented with a laryngeal malt lymphoma 4 years after her original diagnosis. she received definitive radiation with a complete response. the case presented is unique for the rare presentation of a malt lymphoma in the larynx, especially in light of the patient's previously treated gastric malt lymphoma years ago.	2015	25664189
diagnostic use of the lymphocyte transformation test-memory lymphocyte immunostimulation assay in confirming active lyme borreliosis in clinically and serologically ambiguous cases.	the aim of this study was to carry out an independent evaluation of the proposition that the lymphocyte transformation test-memory lymphocyte immunostimulation assay (ltt-melisa) may be diagnostically useful in the confirmation of active lyme borreliosis in clinically and serologically ambiguous cases. blood samples from 54 patients consecutively presenting to a british center with clinical suspicion of lyme borreliosis were tested for this disease by immunoglobulin m (igm) and immunoglobulin g ...	2014	25664127
prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in rodents from jiangxi, southeastern china region.	in order to investigate the prevalence of b.burgdorferi sensu lato in rodents from jiangxi province of southeastern china. isolation of b.burgdoferi strains and pcr-based studies were carried out in 204 mice collected from six counties of jiangxi province in may of 2011 and 2012. the results showed the prevalence of lyme spirochetal infection among seven species of wild and peridomestic rodents in jiangxi. 3 strains isolated from 204 mice were all belonged to borrelia yangze sp.nov. the study fi ...	2014	25664072
human seroprevalence against borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in two comparable regions of the eastern alps is not correlated to vector infection rates.	seroprevalences were determined by testing sera of 1607 blood donors from north, east, and south tyrol. in the tyrols, the continental divide delimitates areas with high seroprevalences of igg antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in the north (7.2%) from areas with low seroprevalences in the south (1.5%). to determine borrelia prevalences in unfed ixodes ricinus ticks, 755 questing ticks were tested by pcr. prevalences in nymphal and adult ticks were found to be 19.7% (n=132) and 2 ...	2015	25661649
analysis of the outer membrane proteome and secretome of bacteroides fragilis reveals a multiplicity of secretion mechanisms.	bacteroides fragilis is a widely distributed member of the human gut microbiome and an opportunistic pathogen. cell surface molecules produced by this organism likely play important roles in colonization, communication with other microbes, and pathogenicity, but the protein composition of the outer membrane (om) and the mechanisms used to transport polypeptides into the extracellular space are poorly characterized. here we used lc-ms/ms to analyze the om proteome and secretome of b. fragilis nct ...	2015	25658944
ticking the right boxes: classification of patients suspected of lyme borreliosis at an academic referral center in the netherlands.	to provide better care for patients suspected of having lyme borreliosis (lb) we founded the amsterdam multidisciplinary lyme borreliosis center (amlc). the amlc reflects a collaborative effort of the departments of internal medicine/infectious diseases, rheumatology, neurology, dermatology, medical microbiology and psychiatry. in a retrospective case series, characteristics of 200 adult patients referred to the amlc were recorded, and patients were classified as having lb, post-treatment lb syn ...	2015	25658524
level of awareness regarding some zoonotic diseases, among dog owners of ithaca, new york.	worldwide, dogs and cats are the two most common household companion animals. because of this, they can be direct or indirect source of many human infections. fortunately, most of these zoonotic infections can be clinically prevented by appropriate prophylactic interventions.	0	25657956
management of the marginal zone lymphomas.	marginal zone lymphomas (mzl) represent around 8 % of all non-hodgkin lymphomas. during the last decades a number of studies have addressed the mechanisms underlying the disease development. extranodal mzl lymphoma usually arises in mucosal sites where lymphocytes are not normally present from a background of either autoimmune processes, such as hashimoto thyroiditis or sjögren syndrome or chronic infectious conditions. in the context of a persistent antigenic stimulation, successive genetic abn ...	2015	25655612
genome-wide gene order distances support clustering the gram-positive bacteria.	initially using 143 genomes, we developed a method for calculating the pair-wise distance between prokaryotic genomes using a monte carlo method to estimate the conservation of gene order. the method was based on repeatedly selecting five or six non-adjacent random orthologs from each of two genomes and determining if the chosen orthologs were in the same order. the raw distances were then corrected for gene order convergence using an adaptation of the jukes-cantor model, as well as using the co ...	2015	25653643
genome-wide gene order distances support clustering the gram-positive bacteria.	initially using 143 genomes, we developed a method for calculating the pair-wise distance between prokaryotic genomes using a monte carlo method to estimate the conservation of gene order. the method was based on repeatedly selecting five or six non-adjacent random orthologs from each of two genomes and determining if the chosen orthologs were in the same order. the raw distances were then corrected for gene order convergence using an adaptation of the jukes-cantor model, as well as using the co ...	2015	25653643
exploring the existence of lipid rafts in bacteria.	an interesting concept in the organization of cellular membranes is the proposed existence of lipid rafts. membranes of eukaryotic cells organize signal transduction proteins into membrane rafts or lipid rafts that are enriched in particular lipids such as cholesterol and are important for the correct functionality of diverse cellular processes. the assembly of lipid rafts in eukaryotes has been considered a fundamental step during the evolution of cellular complexity, suggesting that bacteria a ...	2015	25652542
health care costs, utilization and patterns of care following lyme disease.	lyme disease is the most frequently reported vector borne infection in the united states. the centers for disease control have estimated that approximately 10% to 20% of individuals may experience post-treatment lyme disease syndrome - a set of symptoms including fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, and neurocognitive complaints that persist after initial antibiotic treatment of lyme disease. little is known about the impact of lyme disease or post-treatment lyme disease symptoms (ptlds) on health car ...	2015	25650808
diseases from north america: focus on tick-borne infections.	tick-borne infections are seen throughout the united states, with varying geographical locations. many of these infections are also increasingly seen in europe. certain ticks (eg ixodes) can transmit more than one infection. diagnosis, particularly in early infection, can be challenging and therefore knowledge of the distinguishing clinical features and epidemiology of these diseases is important. testing for lyme disease often causes confusion for patients and medical providers, as serological ...	2015	25650204
guideline for veterinary practitioners on canine ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis in europe.	canine ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis are important tick-borne diseases with a worldwide distribution. information has been continuously collected on these infections in europe, and publications have increased in recent years. prevalence rates are high for ehrlichia and anaplasma spp. infections in dogs from different european countries. the goal of this article was to provide a practical guideline for veterinary practitioners on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of ehrlichiosis and anapla ...	2015	25649069
a novel pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent 2-keto-d-glucose dehydrogenase from pseudomonas aureofaciens.	a gene encoding an enzyme similar to a pyrroloquinoline quinone (pqq)-dependent sugar dehydrogenase from filamentous fungi, which belongs to new auxiliary activities (aa) family 12 in the cazy database, was cloned from pseudomonas aureofaciens. the deduced amino acid sequence of the cloned enzyme showed only low homology to previously characterized pqq-dependent enzymes, and multiple-sequence alignment analysis showed that the enzyme lacks one of the three conserved arginine residues that functi ...	2015	25645559
myocarditis in dogs: etiology, clinical and histopathological features (11 cases: 2007-2013).	myocarditis is a disease caused by numerous etiological factors and characterized by a non-specific course. the only method allowing for precise characterization of inflammatory changes is the histopathological examination of heart muscle specimens. the study was conducted on heart muscle preparations from 11 dogs with ante-mortem diagnosis of cardiac disease. animals presented with a poor response to an applied treatment or had suspected sudden cardiac death. the heart specimens were taken post ...	2014	25642323
activity of the response regulator ciar in mutants of streptococcus pneumoniae r6 altered in acetyl phosphate production.	the two-component regulatory system (tcs) ciarh of streptococcus pneumoniae is implicated in competence, ß-lactam resistance, maintenance of cell integrity, bacteriocin production, host colonization, and virulence. depending on the growth conditions, ciar can be highly active in the absence of its cognate kinase ciah, although phosphorylation of ciar is required for dna binding and gene regulation. to test the possibility that acetyl phosphate (acp) could be the alternative phosphodonor, genes i ...	2014	25642214
activity of the response regulator ciar in mutants of streptococcus pneumoniae r6 altered in acetyl phosphate production.	the two-component regulatory system (tcs) ciarh of streptococcus pneumoniae is implicated in competence, ß-lactam resistance, maintenance of cell integrity, bacteriocin production, host colonization, and virulence. depending on the growth conditions, ciar can be highly active in the absence of its cognate kinase ciah, although phosphorylation of ciar is required for dna binding and gene regulation. to test the possibility that acetyl phosphate (acp) could be the alternative phosphodonor, genes i ...	2014	25642214
detection of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato dna in the blood of wild bison from białowieza primeval forest in eastern poland.	the aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato dna in a group of 120 wild bison (bison bonasus) from the bialowieza primeval forest in eastern poland. the pcr technique revealed the presence of 16s rna of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in the blood of 16 out of 120 examined animals. dna amplification by means of primers sc1 and sc2 gave a product with a size of 300-bp. the sequences of the pcr products obtained showed 100% homology with each ot ...	2014	25638986
prevalence of select vector-borne pathogens in stray and client-owned dogs from algiers.	data on the prevalence of vector-borne diseases agents infecting canines in algeria is currently lacking. the purpose of this study is to assess by serological and molecular methods the prevalence of select arthropod borne-bacterial infections in client-owned and stray dogs. antibodies to anaplasma phagocytophilum were the most prevalent at 47.7%, followed by borrelia burgdorferi s.l. at 37.6%, ehrlichia canis at 30.0%, bartonella henselae at 32.4% and bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii at 27 ...	2015	25638478
[clinical and paraclinical features of syphilitic uveitis].	syphilis, caused by treponema pallidum agent, results in polymorphic and non-specific ocular manifestations. early diagnosis and institution of individualized treatment play a large role in the prognosis. the increase in syphilis over the past several years requires the ophthalmologist to consider this diagnosis in the setting of any intraocular inflammatory involvement.	2015	25637233
diagnosis not to be missed: lyme carditis, rare but reversible cause of complete atrioventricular block.	lyme carditis is a known cause of atrioventricular block and in most cases, atrioventricular block is reversible with appropriate antibiotic treatment. the diagnosis can be challenging if the disease is either not suspected, or if the initial cutaneous manifestation of erythema migrans is missed. it is important to diagnose lyme carditis as the cause of complete heart block if unnecessary pacemaker implantation is to be avoided. we present a 43-year-old male who presented with complete heart blo ...	2014	25634416
wc1 is a hybrid γδ tcr coreceptor and pattern recognition receptor for pathogenic bacteria.	wc1 proteins are uniquely expressed on γδ t cells and belong to the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (srcr) superfamily. while present in variable, and sometimes high, numbers in the genomes of mammals and birds, in cattle there are 13 distinct genes (wc1-1 to wc1-13). all bovine wc1 proteins can serve as coreceptors for the tcr in a tyrosine phosphorylation dependent manner, and some are required for the γδ t cell response to leptospira. we hypothesized that individual wc1 receptors encode ag s ...	2015	25632007
metal economy in host-microbe interactions.		2014	25629009
metal economy in host-microbe interactions.		2014	25629009
soluble cysteine-rich tick saliva proteins salp15 and iric-1 from e. coli.	ticks transmit numerous pathogens, including borreliae, which cause lyme disease. tick saliva contains a complex mix of anti-host defense factors, including the immunosuppressive cysteine-rich secretory glycoprotein salp15 from ixodes scapularis ticks and orthologs like iric-1 from ixodes ricinus. all tick-borne microbes benefit from the immunosuppression at the tick bite site; in addition, borreliae exploit the binding of salp15 to their outer surface protein c (ospc) for enhanced transmission. ...	2014	25628987
soluble cysteine-rich tick saliva proteins salp15 and iric-1 from e. coli.	ticks transmit numerous pathogens, including borreliae, which cause lyme disease. tick saliva contains a complex mix of anti-host defense factors, including the immunosuppressive cysteine-rich secretory glycoprotein salp15 from ixodes scapularis ticks and orthologs like iric-1 from ixodes ricinus. all tick-borne microbes benefit from the immunosuppression at the tick bite site; in addition, borreliae exploit the binding of salp15 to their outer surface protein c (ospc) for enhanced transmission. ...	2014	25628987
novel candidatus rickettsia species detected in nostril tick from human, gabon, 2014.	we report the identification of a nymphal nostril tick (amblyomma sp.) from a national park visitor in gabon and subsequent molecular detection and characterization of tickborne bacteria. our findings provide evidence of a potentially new rickettsia sp. circulating in africa and indicate that tick bites may pose a risk to persons visiting parks in the region.	2015	25625886
potentially novel ehrlichia species in horses, nicaragua.	ehrlichia sp. dna was amplified from 4 ehrlichia-seroreactive horses from mérida, nicaragua. sequencing of 16s rdna, sodb, and groel genes indicated that the bacterium is most likely a novel ehrlichia species. the tick vector and the potential for canine and human infection remain unknown.	2015	25625228
[protection against tick bites].	there are numerous tick-borne infections, which include viral (tbe), parasitic (babesiosis) and bacterial diseases. lyme disease (lyme borreliosis) is the most common tick-borne disease in france. in temperate climates such as in france, ticks bite humans between march and october. prevention relies on adequate clothing and on repellents. the latter are reviewed in this work. repellents may be natural, made from eucalyptus, tomato and coconut, or synthetic, among which the most widely used is de ...	2015	25624140
acaricidal efficacy of a new combination of fipronil and permethrin against ixodes ricinus and rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks.	two blinded, controlled laboratory studies were conducted to assess the acaricidal efficacy of a new combination of fipronil and permethrin (frontline tri-act/frontect) against two tick species. study a evaluated the efficacy of the product against both ixodes ricinus and rhipicephalus sanguineus and study b evaluated the efficacy against r. sanguineus only.	2015	25622698
lyme disease: sudden hearing loss as the sole presentation.	lyme disease is an uncommon tick-borne multisystemic infection caused by borrelia burgdorferi. the most common clinical manifestation is erythema migrans. in this report, a very unusual presentation of this condition is described, in which sudden onset sensorineural hearing loss was the sole presenting symptom.	2015	25619547
investigation of tick-borne bacteria (rickettsia spp., anaplasma spp., ehrlichia spp. and borrelia spp.) in ticks collected from andean tapirs, cattle and vegetation from a protected area in ecuador.	ixodid ticks play an important role in the transmission and ecology of infectious diseases. information about the circulation of tick-borne bacteria in ticks is lacking in ecuador. our aims were to investigate the tick species that parasitize andean tapirs and cattle, and those present in the vegetation from the buffer zone of the antisana ecological reserve and cayambe-coca national park (ecuador), and to investigate the presence of tick-borne bacteria.	2015	25616567
varicella zoster virus meningitis in a young immunocompetent adult without rash: a misleading clinical presentation.	meningitis caused by varicella zoster virus (vzv) is rare in healthy population. predominantly immunocompromised patients are affected by reactivation of this virus with primary clinical features of rash and neurological symptoms. here we report a young otherwise healthy man diagnosed with a vzv meningitis without rash. he complained of acute headache, nausea, and vomiting. the clinical examination did not show any neurological deficits or rash. cerebrospinal fluid (csf) analysis revealed a high ...	2014	25614843
herniation of uncus and parahippocampal gyrus: an accidental finding on magnetic resonance imaging of cerebrum.	idiopathic herniation of uncus and parahippocampal gyrus into the ambient cistern is a very rare entity, which could be mistaken for other pathology such as tumor. to the best of our knowledge, two prior cases of this kind of herniation have been described. one of these cases was with associated symptomatology and other abnormalities, and the other was characterized as idiopathic. in this case report, we report a case of accidental finding of a herniation of uncus and parahippocampal gyrus into ...	2015	25610616
oric-encoded instructions for the initiation of bacterial chromosome replication.	replication of the bacterial chromosome initiates at a single origin of replication that is called oric. this occurs via the concerted action of numerous proteins, including dnaa, which acts as an initiator. the origin sequences vary across species, but all bacterial orics contain the information necessary to guide assembly of the dnaa protein complex at oric, triggering the unwinding of dna and the beginning of replication. the requisite information is encoded in the unique arrangement of speci ...	2014	25610430
oric-encoded instructions for the initiation of bacterial chromosome replication.	replication of the bacterial chromosome initiates at a single origin of replication that is called oric. this occurs via the concerted action of numerous proteins, including dnaa, which acts as an initiator. the origin sequences vary across species, but all bacterial orics contain the information necessary to guide assembly of the dnaa protein complex at oric, triggering the unwinding of dna and the beginning of replication. the requisite information is encoded in the unique arrangement of speci ...	2014	25610430
γδ t cells and dendritic cells in refractory lyme arthritis.	lyme disease is a multisystem infection transmitted by tick vectors with an incidence of up to 300,000 individuals/yr in the united states. the primary treatments are oral or i.v. antibiotics. despite treatment, some individuals do not recover and have prolonged symptoms affecting multiple organs, including the nervous system and connective tissues. inflammatory arthritis is a common symptom associated with lyme pathology. in the past decades, γδ t cells have emerged as candidates that contribut ...	2015	25605869
apparent role for borrelia burgdorferi luxs during mammalian infection.	the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, controls protein expression patterns during its tick-mammal infection cycle. earlier studies demonstrated that b. burgdorferi synthesizes 4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione (autoinducer-2 [ai-2]) and responds to ai-2 by measurably changing production of several infection-associated proteins. luxs mutants, which are unable to produce ai-2, exhibit altered production of several proteins. b. burgdorferi cannot utilize the other product of luxs, homocys ...	2015	25605770
recognition of bacterial signal peptides by mammalian formyl peptide receptors: a new mechanism for sensing pathogens.	formyl peptide receptors (fprs) are g-protein-coupled receptors that function as chemoattractant receptors in innate immune responses. here we perform systematic structure-function analyses of fprs from six mammalian species using structurally diverse fpr peptide agonists and identify a common set of conserved agonist properties with typical features of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. guided by these results, we discover that bacterial signal peptides, normally used to translocate protei ...	2015	25605714
allosteric regulation of lactobacillus plantarum xylulose 5-phosphate/fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase (xfp).	xylulose 5-phosphate/fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase (xfp), which catalyzes the conversion of xylulose 5-phosphate (x5p) or fructose 6-phosphate (f6p) to acetyl phosphate, plays a key role in carbohydrate metabolism in a number of bacteria. recently, we demonstrated that the fungal cryptococcus neoformans xfp2 exhibits both substrate cooperativity for all substrates (x5p, f6p, and pi) and allosteric regulation in the forms of inhibition by phosphoenolpyruvate (pep), oxaloacetic acid (oaa), ...	2015	25605308
integrin binding by borrelia burgdorferi p66 facilitates dissemination but is not required for infectivity.	p66, a borrelia burgdorferi surface protein with porin and integrin-binding activities, is essential for murine infection. the role of p66 integrin-binding activity in b. burgdorferi infection was investigated and found to affect transendothelial migration. the role of integrin binding, specifically, was tested by mutation of two amino acids (d205a,d207a) or deletion of seven amino acids (del202-208). neither change affected surface localization or channel-forming activity of p66, but both signi ...	2015	25604835
manganese and microbial pathogenesis: sequestration by the mammalian immune system and utilization by microorganisms.	bacterial and fungal pathogens cause a variety of infectious diseases and constitute a significant threat to public health. the human innate immune system represents the first line of defense against pathogenic microbes and employs a range of chemical artillery to combat these invaders. one important mechanism of innate immunity is the sequestration of metal ions that are essential nutrients. manganese is one nutrient that is required for many pathogens to establish an infective lifestyle. this ...	2015	25594606
dexd-box rna-helicases in listeria monocytogenes are important for growth, ribosomal maturation, rrna processing and virulence factor expression.	rna-helicases are proteins required for the unwinding of occluding secondary rna structures, especially at low temperatures. in this work, we have deleted all 4 dexd-box rna helicases in various combinations in the gram-positive pathogen listeria monocytogenes. our results show that 3 out of 4 rna-helicases were important for growth at low temperatures, whereas the effect was less prominent at 37°c. over-expression of one rna-helicase, lmo1450, was able to overcome the reduced growth of the quad ...	2014	25590644
dexd-box rna-helicases in listeria monocytogenes are important for growth, ribosomal maturation, rrna processing and virulence factor expression.	rna-helicases are proteins required for the unwinding of occluding secondary rna structures, especially at low temperatures. in this work, we have deleted all 4 dexd-box rna helicases in various combinations in the gram-positive pathogen listeria monocytogenes. our results show that 3 out of 4 rna-helicases were important for growth at low temperatures, whereas the effect was less prominent at 37°c. over-expression of one rna-helicase, lmo1450, was able to overcome the reduced growth of the quad ...	2014	25590644
the first case of human autochtonous subconjunctival dirofilariosis in poland and malt lymphoma as possible consequence of this parasitosis.	the first case of human dirofilarosis in poland was recorded in 2007. until that time our country was free of dirofilaria repens. recent studies show that 21,4- 60% of dogs in warsaw region harbour microfilariae, therefore it is becoming a growing problem in central europe. in april 2013 a subconjunctival d. repens was removed from the eye of 61-year-old woman. it was the twenty first case of this disease in poland, the third case of eye dirofilaria and the fourth autochtonous case. the patient ...	2015	25589901
synanthropic rodents and their ectoparasites as carriers of a novel haemoplasma and vector-borne, zoonotic pathogens indoors.	despite their close association with human dwellings, the role of synanthropic rodents in the epidemiology of vector-borne infections is seldom studied. the aim of the present study was to compensate for this lack of information, by the molecular investigation of vector-borne bacteria in peridomestic rodents and their ectoparasites.	2015	25589174
lyme disease update for the general dermatologist.	lyme disease is an ixodes tick-borne illness that may arise from different species of the borrelia spirochete and may be propagated in various hosts. humans are considered dead-end hosts in this propagation cycle but may have a range of lyme disease characteristics as a result of borrelial infection. lyme disease has varied cutaneous manifestations, and the approach to diagnosis and treatment is based on the patient, the region, and suspected coinfection with another tick-borne illness. an under ...	2015	25589049
the first case of locally acquired tick-borne babesia microti infection in canada.	a child with a complicated medical history that included asplenia acquired an infection with babesia microti in the summer of 2013 and had not travelled outside of manitoba. although the clinical findings were subtle, astute laboratory work helped to reach a preliminary identification of babesia species, while reference laboratory testing confirmed the diagnosis. blacklegged ticks (ixodes scapularis) are known to transmit borrelia burgdorferi and anaplasma phagocytophilum in the province; howeve ...	2014	25587297
multiplex assay (mikrogen recombead) for detection of serum igg and igm antibodies to 13 recombinant antigens of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in patients with neuroborreliosis: the more the better?	a multiplex-bead-based assay for the detection of serum antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato was evaluated. the assay contained 13 different antigens in both the igg and the igm assay; thus, a total of 26 measurement results were available from each sample. a total of 49 danish patients with lyme neuroborreliosis (lnb), 218 danish blood donor controls, a set of 61 swedish patients with lnb and 139 swedish non-lnb patients investigated for suspected lnb were used. there are four parts de ...	2015	25587083
tick-borne pathogens and the vector potential of ticks in china.	ticks, as obligate blood-sucking ectoparasites, attack a broad range of vertebrates and transmit a great diversity of pathogenic microorganisms. they are considered second only to mosquitoes as vectors of human disease, and the most important vector of pathogens of domestic and wild animals. of the 117 described species in the chinese tick fauna, 60 are known to transmit one or more diseases: 36 species isolated within china and 24 species isolated outside china. moreover, 38 of these species ca ...	2015	25586007
small-molecule inhibitors of gram-negative lipoprotein trafficking discovered by phenotypic screening.	in gram-negative bacteria, lipoproteins are transported to the outer membrane by the lol system. in this process, lipoproteins are released from the inner membrane by the abc transporter lolcde and passed to lola, a diffusible periplasmic molecular chaperone. lipoproteins are then transferred to the outer membrane receptor protein, lolb, for insertion in the outer membrane. here we describe the discovery and characterization of novel pyridineimidazole compounds that inhibit this process. escheri ...	2015	25583975
an hd-domain phosphodiesterase mediates cooperative hydrolysis of c-di-amp to affect bacterial growth and virulence.	the nucleotide cyclic di-3',5'- adenosine monophosphate (c-di-amp) was recently identified as an essential and widespread second messenger in bacterial signaling. among c-di-amp-producing bacteria, altered nucleotide levels result in several physiological defects and attenuated virulence. thus, a detailed molecular understanding of c-di-amp metabolism is of both fundamental and practical interest. currently, c-di-amp degradation is recognized solely among dhh-dhha1 domain-containing phosphodiest ...	2015	25583510
visualization of the type iii secretion sorting platform of shigella flexneri.	bacterial type iii secretion machines are widely used to inject virulence proteins into eukaryotic host cells. these secretion machines are evolutionarily related to bacterial flagella and consist of a large cytoplasmic complex, a transmembrane basal body, and an extracellular needle. the cytoplasmic complex forms a sorting platform essential for effector selection and needle assembly, but it remains largely uncharacterized. here we use high-throughput cryoelectron tomography (cryo-et) to visual ...	2015	25583506
crystal structures of the erp protein family members erpp and erpc from borrelia burgdorferi reveal the reason for different affinities for complement regulator factor h.	borrelia burgdorferi is the causative agent of lyme disease, which can be acquired after the bite of an infected ixodes tick. as a strategy to resist the innate immunity and to successfully spread and proliferate, b. burgdorferi expresses a set of outer membrane proteins that are capable of binding complement regulator factor h (cfh), factor h-like protein 1 (cfhl-1) and factor h-related proteins (cfhr) to avoid complement-mediated killing. b. burgdorferi b31 contains three proteins that belong ...	2015	25582082
laboratory testing for lyme neuroborreliosis--reply.		2015	25581866
outer-inner membrane vesicles naturally secreted by gram-negative pathogenic bacteria.	outer-inner membrane vesicles (o-imvs) were recently described as a new type of membrane vesicle secreted by the antarctic bacterium shewanella vesiculosa m7t. their formation is characterized by the protrusion of both outer and plasma membranes, which pulls cytoplasmic components into the vesicles. to demonstrate that this is not a singular phenomenon in a bacterium occurring in an extreme environment, the identification of o-imvs in pathogenic bacteria was undertaken. with this aim, a structur ...	2015	25581302
the first evidence of lyme neuroborreliosis in southern bosnia and herzegovina.	lyme borreliosis (lb) is caused by the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted to humans by ticks of the ixodes ricinus complex. it is manifested by a variety of clinical symptoms and affects skin, joints, heart, and nervous system. neurological manifestations are predictable and usually include meningoencephalitis, facial palsy, or radiculopathy. recently, a dramatic rise in the number of diagnosed cases of lb has been observed on the global level. here we show the first case of l ...	2014	25580319
the rig-i-like helicase receptor mda5 (ifih1) is involved in the host defense against candida infections.	the induction of host defense against candida species is initiated by recognition of the fungi by pattern recognition receptors and activation of downstream pathways that produce inflammatory mediators essential for infection clearance. in this study, we present complementary evidence based on transcriptome analysis, genetics, and immunological studies in knockout mice and humans that the cytosolic rig-i-like receptor mda5 (ifih1) has an important role in the host defense against c. albicans. fi ...	2015	25579795
sexual differences in the sialomes of the zebra tick, rhipicephalus pulchellus.	ticks rely exclusively on vertebrate blood for their survival. during feeding ticks inject into their hosts a sophisticated salivary potion that overcomes host hemostasis and adverse inflammatory responses. these mediators may also enhance pathogen transmission. knowledge of the tick salivary protein repertoire may lead to vaccine targets to disrupt feeding and/or parasite transmission as well as to the discovery of novel pharmacological agents. male saliva may also assist reproduction because m ...	2015	25576852
dna double-strand breaks and telomeres play important roles in trypanosoma brucei antigenic variation.	human-infecting microbial pathogens all face a serious problem of elimination by the host immune response. antigenic variation is an effective immune evasion mechanism where the pathogen regularly switches its major surface antigen. in many cases, the major surface antigen is encoded by genes from the same gene family, and its expression is strictly monoallelic. among pathogens that undergo antigenic variation, trypanosoma brucei (a kinetoplastid), which causes human african trypanosomiasis, pla ...	2015	25576484
lyme disease in athletes.	lyme disease, a bacterial infection transmitted by ticks, is the most common vector-borne disease in the northern hemisphere. athletes who train or compete in wooded environments in endemic regions are at increased risk of contracting lyme disease. variability in clinical presentation, masquerading symptoms, and limitations in testing may lead to misdiagnosis. early diagnosis and treatment result in full recovery for most patients with lyme disease; however symptoms may persist for months to yea ...	2015	25574885
total protein concentration and diagnostic test results for gray wolf (canis lupus) serum using nobuto filter paper strips.	nobuto filter paper strips are widely used for storing blood-serum samples, but the recovery of proteins from these strips following rehydration is unknown. poor recovery of proteins could reduce the concentration of antibodies and antigens and reduce the sensitivity of diagnostic assays. we compared the protein concentration, and its association with test sensitivity, of eluted nobuto strip samples with paired sera. we collected and froze serum from five gray wolves (canis lupus) for 8 mo. when ...	2015	25574804
facial neuropathy with imaging enhancement of the facial nerve: a case report.	a young women developed unilateral facial neuropathy 2 weeks after a motor vehicle collision involving fractures of the skull and mandible. mri showed contrast enhancement of the facial nerve. we review the literature describing facial neuropathy after trauma and facial nerve enhancement patterns with different causes of facial neuropathy.	2014	25574155
a case of chronic progressive lyme encephalitis as a manifestation of late lyme neuroborreliosis.	a 54-year-old female living in europe presented with gait ataxia, dizziness, and bilateral hearing loss. magnetic resonance imaging (mri) revealed non-specific white matter changes. the patient's condition gradually deteriorated over two years without diagnosis. the patient continued to decline cognitively and neurologically with worsening ataxia and upper motor neuron signs. repeat mri showed worsening white matter changes. lumbar puncture, not previously done, showed positive lyme testing. tre ...	2014	25568755
borrelial pseudolymphoma of the nose.	a 52-year-old colombian woman, a patient with psoriasis, undergoing phototherapy with (ultraviolet b narrowband) uvbnb, presented with a symptomless solitary diffuse erythaematous plaque on her nose for 3 months. initially, she was treated with pimecrolimus 1% cream for 8 weeks, which was then combined with metronidazole cream for 4 weeks, with the initial diagnosis of uv-triggered rosacea, without improvement. a punch biopsy was performed and the histology showed a pseudolymphomatous reaction. ...	2015	25568264
cryptic vector divergence masks vector-specific patterns of infection: an example from the marine cycle of lyme borreliosis.	vector organisms are implicated in the transmission of close to a third of all infectious diseases. in many cases, multiple vectors (species or populations) can participate in transmission but may contribute differently to disease ecology and evolution. the presence of cryptic vector populations can be particularly problematic as differences in infection can be difficult to evaluate and may lead to erroneous evolutionary and epidemiological inferences. here, we combine site-occupancy modeling an ...	2010	25567933
current and past strategies for bacterial culture in clinical microbiology.	a pure bacterial culture remains essential for the study of its virulence, its antibiotic susceptibility, and its genome sequence in order to facilitate the understanding and treatment of caused diseases. the first culture conditions empirically varied incubation time, nutrients, atmosphere, and temperature; culture was then gradually abandoned in favor of molecular methods. the rebirth of culture in clinical microbiology was prompted by microbiologists specializing in intracellular bacteria. th ...	2015	25567228
vector-borne disease intelligence: strategies to deal with disease burden and threats.	owing to the complex nature of vector-borne diseases (vbds), whereby monitoring of human case patients does not suffice, public health authorities experience challenges in surveillance and control of vbds. knowledge on the presence and distribution of vectors and the pathogens that they transmit is vital to the risk assessment process to permit effective early warning, surveillance, and control of vbds. upon accepting this reality, public health authorities face an ever-increasing range of possi ...	2014	25566522
mechanisms of borrelia burgdorferi internalization and intracellular innate immune signaling.	lyme disease is a long-term infection whose most severe pathology is characterized by inflammatory arthritis of the lower bearing joints, carditis, and neuropathy. the inflammatory cascades are initiated through the early recognition of invading borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes by cells of the innate immune response, such as neutrophils and macrophage. b. burgdorferi does not have an intracellular niche and thus much research has focused on immune pathways activated by pathogen recognition molec ...	2014	25566512
clinical determinants of lyme borreliosis, babesiosis, bartonellosis, anaplasmosis, and ehrlichiosis in an australian cohort.	borrelia burgdorferi is the causative agent of lyme borreliosis. this spirochete, along with babesia, bartonella, anaplasma, ehrlichia, and the rickettsia spp. are recognized tick-borne pathogens. in this study, the clinical manifestation of these zoonoses in australia is described.	2014	25565883
clinical determinants of lyme borreliosis, babesiosis, bartonellosis, anaplasmosis, and ehrlichiosis in an australian cohort.	borrelia burgdorferi is the causative agent of lyme borreliosis. this spirochete, along with babesia, bartonella, anaplasma, ehrlichia, and the rickettsia spp. are recognized tick-borne pathogens. in this study, the clinical manifestation of these zoonoses in australia is described.	2014	25565883
lyme borreliosis: a review of data on transmission time after tick attachment.	lyme borreliosis is increasing rapidly in many parts of the world and is the most commonly occurring vector-borne disease in europe and the usa. the disease is transmitted by ticks of the genus ixodes. they require a blood meal at each stage of their life cycle and feed on a wide variety of wild and domestic animals as well as birds and reptiles. transmission to humans is incidental and can occur during visits to a vector habitat, when host mammals and their associated ticks migrate into the urb ...	2014	25565881
lyme borreliosis: a review of data on transmission time after tick attachment.	lyme borreliosis is increasing rapidly in many parts of the world and is the most commonly occurring vector-borne disease in europe and the usa. the disease is transmitted by ticks of the genus ixodes. they require a blood meal at each stage of their life cycle and feed on a wide variety of wild and domestic animals as well as birds and reptiles. transmission to humans is incidental and can occur during visits to a vector habitat, when host mammals and their associated ticks migrate into the urb ...	2014	25565881
biparietal variant of alzheimer's disease: a rare presentation of a common disease.	alzheimer's disease (ad) is a clinically heterogeneous disease that may have atypical presentations with focal cortical syndromes and relatively preserved episodic memory. the posterior variant of ad has two subtypes: occipitotemporal, presenting with visuoperceptive impairment, and biparietal, presenting with visuospatial dysfunction and apraxia. we report a case of a 51-year-old woman with progressive limb apraxia and choreiform movements. her neuropsychological evaluation was compatible with ...	2015	25564588