Publications

[synthesis of the components of the encephalomyocarditis virus. the rna of polymerase reaction in vitro].		1971	4332925
protein synthesis directed by encephalomyocarditis virus rna: properties of a transfer rna-dependent system.	small amounts of encephalomyocarditis virus rna direct a 50-fold increase in amino acid incorporation, in appropriately supplemented ascites tumor cell extracts, under conditions that give rise to authentic viral polypeptides. incorporation in these crude extracts has a novel characteristic, namely, that it is almost entirely dependent upon the addition of exogenous trna. further, this incorporation is restricted in that trna derived from ascites tumor cells or from rat liver permits translation ...	1971	4332253
preservation of enteroviruses by freeze-drying.	a method was developed for freeze-dry stabilization of poliovirus type 3. an ultrafiltration procedure was used to remove salts from infected tissue culture fluid, and the virus was freeze-dried after suspension in an alkaline organic buffer. this method was further tested with other picornaviruses including poliovirus types 1 and 2, coxsackieviruses a9, a20, b2, and b5, echovirus 11, and the encephalomyocarditis virus. freeze-dried preparations of the poliovirus could be shipped to distant labo ...	1971	4332042
virus-specific proteins synthesized in encephalomyocarditis virus-infected hela cells.	the in vivo synthesis of encephalomyocarditis-specific proteins was studied by labeling the viral proteins with radioactive amino acids under conditions where host-protein synthesis was almost completely inhibited. to assure recovery of all proteins, intact cells were lysed in hot 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate. these lysates were analyzed by quantitative high-resolution electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. this technique allowed the detection and estimation of the molecular ...	1971	4332006
antiviral activity of tobacco leaf on encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus infection.		1971	4331947
repair replication of hela cell deoxyribonucleic acid in cells infected with newcastle disease virus or mengovirus or treated with puromycin.	we examined repair replication of hela cell deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) in cells infected with mengovirus or newcastle disease virus or treated with puromycin. cellular dna was damaged by ultraviolet light and then pulse-labeled with (3)h-thymidine. autoradiographic analysis of non-s-phase dna synthesis (repair replication) showed that there was no inhibition of this process at a time when overall cellular dna synthesis was severely inhibited by either virus infection or puromycin treatment.	1971	4331658
synthesis of capsid and noncapsid viral proteins in response to encephalomyocarditis virus ribonucleic acid in animal cell-free systems.	the polypeptide products formed in two cell-free protein-synthetic systems programmed with encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus ribonucleic acid (rna) have been compared with the virus-specific proteins found in emc-infected cells and with the capsid proteins of the purified virion. tryptic peptides of (35)s-methioninelabeled proteins from these three sources were compared by co-chromatography and electrophoresis and by isoelectric focussing. fifty-two methionine-containing peptides were resolved in ...	1971	4331652
protein synthesis directed by encephalomyocarditis virus rna. ii. the in vitro synthesis of high molecular weight proteins and elements of the viral capsid.		1971	4331472
properties of the inferferon-like virus inhibitor released during interaction of mouse sensitized lymphocytes with their target cells.		1971	4331347
nucleotide pools in novikoff rat hepatoma cells growing in suspension culture. 3. effects of nucleosides in medium on levels of nucleotides in separate nucleotide pools for nuclear and cytoplasmic rna synthesis.	this study was undertaken to measure the absolute levels of nucleoside pools in novikoff rat hepatoma cells (subline n1s1-67) during growth in suspension culture in the presence of high concentrations of various nucleosides in the medium, and to obtain further evidence for the compartmentalization of the nucleotides in independent cytoplasmic and nuclear pools. the levels of nucleotide pools were measured by growing the cells in medium supplemented with inorganic phosphate-(32)p. the nucleotide ...	1972	4331295
distribution of initiation factors in cell fractions from mammalian tissues.		1972	4331124
formation of small plaques by herpes viruses irradiated with ultraviolet light.		1971	4331109
interferon levels and resistance to viral infection associated with selected interferon inducers.		1971	4331094
further studies on a purification procedure for encephalomyocarditis virus.		1971	4330790
studies of the protein subunit of ph-inactivated mengo virus variants. ii. physicochemical properties.		1971	4330368
system of double infection between vaccinia virus and mengovirus.	when l cells are simultaneously infected with vaccinia virus and mengovirus, double interference in the replication of both viruses is observed. superinfection of vaccinia virus-infected cells by mengovirus during the first 5 hr of infection reduces vaccinia virus yields to between 1 and 3% of controls. the yields of mengovirus are reduced to between 1 and 16% of controls, depending upon the time of superinfection. the replication of vaccinia deoxyribonucleic acid is not inhibited by mengovirus; ...	1971	4330362
resistance to virus infection during the hyporeactive state of interferon induction.		1971	4330349
studies on the mechanism of protodyne-induced protection against microbial infections.		1971	4330232
[antiviral activity of imidazole derivatives. iv. sensitivity of different viruses].		1971	4330139
[antiviral activity of imidazole derivates. 3. autoradiographic studies on the influence of 1-butyl-4(4'-allyloxyphenyl)-imidazole-hydrochloride on rna synthesis in mengovirus infected fl cells].		1971	4330137
the relationship between serum interferon and an inhibitor of mouse haemopoietic colonies in vitro.		1971	4329930
synthesis of ribonucleic acid by mengovirus-induced rna polymerase in vitro: nature of products and of rnase-resistant intermediate.		1968	4329736
a temporal and structural relationship between viral rna polymerase and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide pyrophosphorylase in the cytoplasm of krebs-2 ascites cells infected with encephalomyocarditis virus.		1968	4329661
[antiviral activity of imidazole derivatives. ii. studies on rna and protein synthesis].		1971	4329639
[antiviral activity of imidazole derivatives. i. inhibition of multiplication of mengovirus in fl cells].		1971	4329638
protein synthesis in cell-free systems: an effect of interferon.	the activity of ribosome and cell-sap fractions from interferon-treated and control chick embryo fibroblasts was compared in mixed chick-mouse and purely chick cell-free systems capable of the synthesis of viral polypeptide(s) in response to viral ribonucleic acid (rna). interferon treatment of cells did not affect the intrinsic amino acid incorporation activity of these systems or their response to polyuridylic acid. with encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus rna as messenger, however, a fraction of ...	1971	4329562
virus protein synthesis in animal cell-free systems: nature of the products synthesized in resonse to ribonucleic acid of encephalomyocarditis virus.	ribonucleic acid (rna) from encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus stimulates the incorporation of amino acids into protein in cell-free protein-synthetic systems derived from krebs mouse ascites tumor cells and chick embryo fibroblasts; the mouse system is the more responsive to the viral rna. the greater part of this difference in activity can be ascribed to the cell sap, but the origin of the ribosomes also has a marked effect. the nature of the polypeptides formed in these cell-free systems was in ...	1971	4329561
host-cell repair of vaccinia virus and of double stranded rna of encephalomyocarditis virus.		1971	4328801
duration of resistance to viral infection following administration of interferon inducers.		1971	4328255
priming: a nonantiviral function of interferon.	no interferon is made by l cells when they are infected with mm virus. however, several thousand units of interferon are produced when interferon-treated l cells are infected with mm virus. we call the conversion of cells, from nonproducers to producers, priming. the time required for cells to become fully primed is dependent on the interferon concentration with which they are incubated. primed cells produced interferon earlier than normal cells stimulated by other inducers. cells which were exp ...	1971	4327587
[demonstration of the mengo virus antigen in the mouse brain by help of the immunofluorescence technique].		1971	4327126
[inhibition by pironine of rna virus multiplication].		1971	4327064
interferon in mouse brain.		1971	4326390
immunofluorescent studies on the effect of antiviral substances on virus multiplication. 3. effect of actidione on the multiplication of mengo virus.		1971	4325976
immunofluorescent studies on the effect of antiviral substances on virus multiplication. ii. determination of fluorescence intensity in mengo virus infected l cells treated with beta-2-dl-thienylalanine.		1971	4325975
effect of antilymphocytic serum on circulating interferon in mice as a function of the inducer.		1971	4325471
[virus induced diabetes mellitus in the white mouse].		1971	4325206
interferon-inducing characteristics of mm virus.	interferon induction by mm virus in mice and in l cells was studied. in mice the virus readily induced interferon. the time of appearance was dose-dependent. a large virus dose induced interferon by 4 hr, whereas a small dose resulted in interferon production which paralleled virus replication 24 hr after infection. in l cells the interferon-inducing capacity of the virus was rapidly destroyed by ultraviolet light irradiation. heating (56 c) of the virus, on the other hand, greatly increased its ...	1971	4324191
[stimulating interaction of animal viruses].		1970	4323595
interferon induction by and infectivity of ultraviolet-irradiated double- and multistranded viral rna's.		1970	4323578
diabetes mellitus-like syndrome in mice infected with encephalomyocarditis virus.		1971	4323473
[electron microscopic detection of mengovirus in l cells with ferritin-labeled antibodies].		1970	4322839
studies of the early events of the replicative cycle of three variants of mengo encephalomyelitis virus in mouse fibroblast cells.		1970	4322160
effect of mengovirus replication on choline metabolism and membrane formation in novikoff hepatoma cells.	infection of novikoff rat hepatoma cells (subline nlsl-67) with mengovirus resulted in a two- to threefold increase in the rate of choline incorporation into membrane phosphatidylcholine at about 3 hr after infection, without affecting the rate of transport of choline into the cell or its phosphorylation. the time course of virus-stimulated phosphatidylcholine synthesis was compared with the time courses of other virus-induced processes during a single cycle of replication. the formation of vira ...	1970	4322083
[myocarditic component of some acute diseases in children].		1970	4321607
encephalomyocarditis infection of the newborn mouse myocardium. an electron microscopic study.		1971	4321486
abnormal dna patterns in animal mitochondria: ethidium bromide-induced breakdown of closed circular dna and conditions leading to oligomer accumulation.	treatment of cultured mouse fibroblasts (l-cells) and hamster kidney cells with ethidium bromide was found to inhibit the incorporation of [(3)h]thymidine into mitochondrial closed-circular dna, but not into nuclear dna. the specific activity of nuclear dna in treated cells was higher than in control cells. treatment also led to breakdown of closed-circular mitochondrial dna, greatly enlarged mitochondrial profiles with few or no cristae, and a higher yield of mitochondrial protein per cell.a si ...	1970	4321352
preparation of an inactivated emc virus vaccine.		1970	4321205
rapid sensitive assay for interferons based on the inhibition of mm virus nucleic acid synthesis.	a method for assaying mouse interferon based on the inhibition of viral ribonucleic acid (rna) synthesis was devised. the amount of mm virus and rna synthesized in interferon-treated l-cell cultures was determined by measuring the amount of (3)h-uridine converted into a trichloroacetic acid-insoluble form after treatment of the infected cultures with 2.5 mug of actinomycin d per ml. the amount of rna synthesized was inversely related to the concentration of interferon used for treatment. a linea ...	1970	4320919
growth of mouse l cells in shaken culture and mengovirus plaque formation on l cells suspended in agar.	procedures are described that require a minimum of equipment and maintenance for growing mouse l cells suspended in liquid medium and for plaquing mengovirus on l cells suspended in agar. viability of l cells during storage for 1 to 2 hr at relatively high concentrations was better in media at 30 c than at 0 c, as measured by viable counts after growth for 24 hr at 35 c. the number and size of plaques increased with increasing concentration of nahco(3) in the agar layers, but the relative differ ...	1970	4320864
[relations between rna molecular structure and their induction power on interferon].		1970	4320457
comparison of agar and agarose preparations for mengovirus plaque formation.	an agarose overlay yielded mengovirus plaques earlier and in greater size and number than overlays of chemically undefined agars with or without enhancers. marked variability in plaque-forming efficacy of commercial agarose preparations was noted.	1970	4320349
viral interference in the brains of mice infected subcutaneously with herpes simplex virus.		1970	4320341
[some properties of the replicative form of mouse encephalomyocarditis virus rna].		1969	4320269
[attempts to use the interference phenomenon for detecting several mice leukemia viruses in tissue culture].		1969	4320252
tissue-specific factor required for the translation of a mammalian viral rna.		1970	4319843
transfer of interferon-producing macrophages: new approach to viral chemotherapy.	mice were protected from infection with semliki forest virus and encephalomyocarditis virus by the transfer of peritoneal macrophages that were stimulated to produce interferon in vitro by exposure to a nonreplicating virus. this method of therapy was also utilized in animals infected with encephalomy-ocarditis virus after onset of clinical signs. of these animals 40 percent recovered, but only 9 percent of the control group recovered.	1970	4319682
experimental encephalomyocarditis virus infection in calves.		1970	4319465
influence of blood clearance rates on interferon production and virulence of mengo virus plaque mutants in mice.		1970	4319089
mengovirus rna synthesis in productive and restrictive cell lines.		1970	4318986
studies of the protein subunit of ph-inactivated mengo virus variants. i. polypeptide composition.		1970	4318981
interaction of encephalomyocarditis virus with ultraviolet-irradiated host cells.	ultraviolet light (uv) impaired the capacity of l cells to support growth of encephalomyocarditis virus. the loss of capacity was partially restored by high multiplicity of infection (moi). this phenomenon was not due to an increased probability of an infectious virus particle reaching a site of replication undamaged by uv, since uv-inactivated virus at high moi induced restoration of the capacity to support multiplication of nonirradiated virus adsorbed at low moi. multiplicity reactivation of ...	1967	4318958
separation of plaque-type variants of encephalomyocarditis virus by chromatography on calcium phosphate.	encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus (k-2 strain) was separated into two distinct peaks of optical density by chromatography on calcium phosphate, eluting at 0.17 and 0.31 m, respectively. the virus in these peaks could not be distinguished by infectivity (plaque-forming units), hemagglutinin activity, electron microscopic appearance, sedimentation coefficient, or base ratios. however, variants producing large plaques predominated in the first peak eluted, whereas variants producing small plaques we ...	1967	4318950
distribution of cell receptors and simple sugar inhibitors during encephalomyocarditis virus-cell union.	encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus was studied for ability to agglutinate erythrocytes of various species. human, rat, and guinea pig erythrocytes, as well as those from young rabbits, were readily agglutinated. cells from older rabbits absorbed virus poorly, and showed little agglutination. uptake of virus by rabbit brain also diminished with age. various mouse tissues absorbed virus about equally well. hemagglutination-inhibition studies demonstrated that a number of simple sugars, particularly ...	1967	4318947
stimulatory and inhibitory effects of adenovirus and sv40 on various virus-cell systems.		1970	4318579
[the induction of nonspecific resistance by lysozyme and aristolochia acid in bacterial and viral infections].		1970	4318514
encephalomyocarditis virus multiplication in the presence of pyronine.		1970	4318433
suspected encephalomyocarditis virus infection in pigs.		1970	4318414
circular dichroism studies on mengo virus variants and their constituent ribonucleates.		1970	4318119
tilorone hydrochloride: mode of action.	an antiviral serum component is found in mice treated orally with tilorone hydrochloride. the active material fulfills sufficient biological criteria to be classified as an interferon.	1970	4317924
tilorone hydrochloride: an orally active antiviral agent.	tilorone hydrochloride, 2,7-bis[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]fluoren-9-one dihydrochloride, given orally to mice before they are infected is active against at least nine viruses of both rna and dna groups. the compound is effective when given prophylactically; the optimum time of treatment depends on the route of infection.	1970	4317923
jumping on the bandwagon.		1970	4317811
some properties of a new epithelial cell line of human origin.		1970	4317734
the growth of viruses in organ-cultures of intestinal epithelium.		1970	4317691
[oral immunization with non living microorganisms or their antigens. 8. comparing experiments to vaccination by inhalation and nasal, oral, and rectal route].		1968	4317590
haemagglutination-inhibition antibodies to encephalomyocarditis virus in queensland cattle.		1970	4317520
effect of persistent fibroma virus infection on susceptibility of cells to other viruses.	shope fibroma virus establishes a persistent cytoplasmic infection in primary (rk) and serially cultivated (drk(3)) rabbit kidney cells which is accompanied by a morphological alteration of the cells. the response of such cells to superinfection by other viruses was compared with that of control cells by determining plaque production and virus yield of superinfecting viruses. it was found that the growth of other poxviruses, myxoma and vaccinia, was greatly inhibited in the fibroma virus-infecte ...	1970	4317346
effect of statolon on aerogenic immunization of mice with mengovirus-37a.		1970	4317263
retention of functional coding properties by polyribosomes in the x-irradiated mammalian cell.		1970	4317245
effect of hypobaric hypoxia on mm virus infection.		1970	4317234
inhibition of synchronized cellular deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis during newcastle disease virus, mengovirus, or reovirus infection.	cultures of l cells were synchronized with respect to deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) synthesis with thymidine and 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (fudr) and infected with newcastle disease virus (ndv), mengovirus, or reovirus 3. inhibition of incorporation of (3)h-cytidine into the dna of synchronized cells is partially inhibited 2 hr after infection with ndv or mengovirus and nearly completely suppressed 4 hr after infection. with ndv and mengovirus, no evidence was obtained of differences in sensitivity ...	1970	4317111
antiviral activity of double stranded rna from a virus isolated from aspergillus foetidus.		1970	4316959
viral myocarditis during pregnancy: encephalomyocarditis virus infection in mice.		1970	4316715
effect of polycations on growth and dissemination of the encephalomyocarditis virus in mice.	pathogenicity of the encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus for adult mice was increased when polycations of diverse type were mixed with virus and inoculated by the subcutaneous or intraperitoneal routes. diethylaminoethyl (deae) dextran, hexadimethrine (polybrene), polymyxin b, polylysine, and calf thymus histone in various concentrations stimulated multiplication of virus in tissues at the injection site and enhanced entry of virus into the blood. the nonpathogenic r(+) variant of emc which grows l ...	1967	4316242
[effect of the chain length of oligonucleotides on interferon induction].		1969	4316113
growth of viruses in organ cultures of intestine.		1970	4316099
differential susceptibility to a viral agent in mice housed alone or in groups.		1970	4315920
physical and chemical studies of mengo virus variants. 3. absorbance--temperature profiles, sedimentation in dextran sulfate gradients, and total-infectious particle ratios.		1970	4315866
effect of lyophilization on picornaviruses. (brief report).		1969	4315819
cytoplasmic methionine transfer rnas from eukaryotes.		1970	4315548
making proteins in higher cells.		1970	4315547
studies of the ph inactivation of three variants of mengo encephalomyelitis virus.		1970	4315409
[cellular alterations proper to viral infections].		1970	4315390
synthesis and cleavage of enterovirus polypeptides in mammalian cells.	evidence is presented that the entire enterovirus ribonucleic acid genome is translated into a single giant polypeptide of well over 200,000 daltons molecular weight. this giant protein was detected repeatedly in coxsackievirus b1-infected cells, even in the absence of amino acid analogues. the enzymes which cleave this giant protein into smaller structural and enzymatic proteins accumulate with increasing time after infection. it appears that they are either virus-coded proteolytic enzymes or e ...	1970	4314555
antiviral activity of chlorite-oxidized oxyamylose, a polyacetal carboxylic acid.	intraperitoneal injection of chlorite-oxidized oxyamylose (coam) protected mice against mengo, vaccinia, semliki forest, and influenza apr8 viruses. topical administration in the eye of rabbits partially inhibited the development of experimental herpetic keratoconjunctivitis. coam resembled polyacrylic acid in many aspects, but it was markedly less toxic. for systemic administration, the therapeutic index was on the order of magnitude of 1:300 to 1:500. although the in vivo antiviral effect of c ...	1970	4314554
polyacetal carboxylic acids: a new group of antiviral polyanions.	chlorite-oxidized oxypolysaccharides are polyacetal carboxylic acids. they inhibited the cytopathic effect of vesicular stomatitis virus in mouse embryo cell cultures challenged at low input multiplicity. after intraperitoneal injection of these compounds in mice, interferon appeared in the circulation. the compounds also protected mice against lethal mengovirus infection and against the development of experimental pox lesions on the tail. chlorite-oxidized oxyamylose was antiviral only when at ...	1970	4314553
the structural proteins of mengo virus variants.		1970	4314506
[viral myocarditis].		1969	4314292
the effect of parenteral and oral immunization on encephalomyocarditis infection in mice.		1970	4314148
particle weight and other biophysical properties of encephalomyocarditis virus.		1970	4313709