Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| interactions between histidine and tryptophan residues in the bm2 proton channel from influenza b virus. | the bm2 protein of influenza b virus forms a transmembrane proton channel essential for the virus infection. we investigated the structure and mechanism of the bm2 proton channel by using a 31-mer peptide (bm2-tmp) representing the putative transmembrane domain of bm2, with special focus on his19, trp23 and his27. like the full-length protein, bm2-tmp formed a transmembrane proton channel activated at acidic ph with a midpoint of transition at ph 6.4 +/- 0.1. mutation of his19 to ala almost abol ... | 2009 | 19155268 |
| challenge of conducting a placebo-controlled randomized efficacy study for influenza vaccine in a season with low attack rate and a mismatched vaccine b strain: a concrete example. | our aim was to determine the efficacy of a trivalent inactivated split virus influenza vaccine (tiv) against culture-confirmed influenza a and/or b in adults 18 to 64 years of age during the 2005/2006 season in the czech republic. | 2009 | 19149900 |
| co-administration of l-cystine and l-theanine enhances efficacy of influenza vaccination in elderly persons: nutritional status-dependent immunogenicity. | the immune response to influenza vaccine is attenuated in elderly persons, though they are at greatest risk for morbidity and mortality by influenza virus infection. experimental studies demonstrate that co-administration of l-cystine and l-theanine enhanced antigen-specific production of immunoglobulin in aged mice infected with influenza virus. we thus investigated the effect of l-cystine and l-theanine on antibody induction by influenza vaccines in elderly persons. | 2008 | 19149835 |
| in vitro anti-influenza viral activities of constituents from caesalpinia sappan. | six constituents with neuraminidase (na) inhibitory activity, namely brazilein, brazilin, protosappanin a, 3-deoxysappanchalcone, sappanchalcone and rhamnetin, were isolated from the hearthwood of caesalpinia sappan (leguminosae). their in vitro anti-influenza virus activities were evaluated with the cytopathic effect (cpe) reduction method. the results showed that 3-deoxysappanchalcone and sappanchalcone exhibited the highest activity against influenza virus (h3n2) with ic50 values of 1.06 and ... | 2009 | 19148862 |
| influenza b mutant viruses with truncated ns1 proteins grow efficiently in vero cells and are immunogenic in mice. | contemporary influenza b virus strains were generated encoding c-terminally truncated ns1 proteins. viable viruses containing the n-terminal 14, 38, 57 or 80 aa of the ns1 protein were rescued in vero cells. the influenza b virus ns1-truncated mutants were impaired in their ability to counteract interferon (ifn) production, induce antiviral pro-inflammatory cytokines early after infection and show attenuated or restricted growth in ifn-competent hosts. in vero cells, all of the mutant viruses re ... | 2009 | 19141445 |
| neuraminidase inhibitor resistance after oseltamivir treatment of acute influenza a and b in children. | oseltamivir, a specific influenza neuraminidase inhibitor, is an effective treatment for seasonal influenza. emergence of drug-resistant influenza viruses after treatment has been reported, particularly in children in japan, where the dosing schedule is different from that used throughout the rest of the world. we investigated the emergence of drug-resistant infection in children treated with a tiered weight-based dosing regimen. | 2009 | 19133796 |
| comparison of viral isolation and multiplex real-time reverse transcription-pcr for confirmation of respiratory syncytial virus and influenza virus detection by antigen immunoassays. | we evaluated the prodesse proflu-1 real-time reverse transcription-pcr multiplex assay with the smartcycler instrument for the detection of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza a and b viruses in comparison to conventional cell culture and antigen immunoassays with the bd directigen a+b and binax now rsv assays over two successive respiratory virus seasons. ninety-two percent of the 361 specimens tested were nasopharyngeal aspirates obtained from individual patients, of which 11 ... | 2009 | 19129410 |
| influenza-associated morbidity in subtropical taiwan. | the purpose of this study was to assess the characteristics of influenza-associated morbidity in subtropical taiwan, corresponding to the seasonal patterns, weather, and co-circulation of influenza (sub)types, and other respiratory viruses, where the burden of influenza is poorly quantified. | 2009 | 19111494 |
| [primary research of anti-influenza virus activity of "benovoair concentrate"]. | anti-influenza virus activity of "benovoair concentrate". | 2008 | 19105340 |
| [analysis of influenza surveillance from 2000 to 2007 in gansu province]. | to study the epidemical characteristics of influenza in gansu province from 2000 to 2007, and to discuss the changes of the predominant strains of influenza virus. this study provide scientific basis for defending influenza effectively. | 2008 | 19105339 |
| principles of vaccination and possible development strategies for rational design. | historically, apart from hygiene, vaccination can be considered as one of the most successful accomplishments of public health in the 20th century. it has lead to some of the greater public health triumphs ever, including the eradication of naturally occurring smallpox and in the control of diseases such as polio. in addition there has been a significant reduction in disease burden imposed by measles, mumps, hepatitis, influenza, diphtheria, haemophilus influenza b and many other infections. | 2009 | 19100778 |
| [application of fluorescent real-time polymerase chain reaction in analyzing the epidemic of influenza among children in guangzhou area in 2006]. | to investigate the prevalence of influenza virus infections in children in 2006 using the real-time pcr method. | 2008 | 19099836 |
| [surveillance for influenza b virus infections in infants and young children in beijing, china]. | to characterize the prevalence of influenza b virus infection in infants and young children in beijing. | 2008 | 19099679 |
| [lower respiratory tract infections with influenza and respiratory syncytial viruses in hospitalized elderly patients during the 2005-2006 winter season]. | to assess the proportion of lower respiratory tract infections (lrti) attributable to influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) during the 2005-2006 winter period, among hospitalized elderly in a geriatric unit of a french hospital near paris and and describe the characteristics of these infections. | 2009 | 19097850 |
| efficacy of live attenuated influenza vaccine in children: a meta-analysis of nine randomized clinical trials. | nine randomized clinical trials, including approximately 25,000 children aged 6-71 months and 2000 children aged 6-17 years, have evaluated the efficacy of live attenuated influenza vaccine (laiv) against culture-confirmed influenza as compared to placebo or trivalent inactivated vaccine (tiv). we conducted meta-analyses, based on mantel-haenszel relative risks from fixed effect models, to provide an estimate of vaccine efficacy (ve). relative to placebo, year 1 ve for two doses in vaccine-naïve ... | 2009 | 19095024 |
| cocirculation of antigenic variants and the vaccine-type virus during the 2004-2005 influenza b virus epidemics in japan. | in the 2004-2005 season, there was a large epidemic of the influenza b virus yamagata group in kobe, japan. in hemagglutination inhibition tests, most of the clinical isolates from kobe showed antigenicities similar to those of previous isolates (the vaccine-type virus). only a few antigenic variants were isolated around the peak of the epidemic; however, kobe residents developed antibodies against the variants during the season. the antigenic variants showed a one-point mutation of a nucleotide ... | 2009 | 19091818 |
| using surveillance to evaluate influenza vaccine effectiveness. | 2009 | 19086916 | |
| effectiveness of inactivated influenza vaccines varied substantially with antigenic match from the 2004-2005 season to the 2006-2007 season. | we estimated the effectiveness of inactivated influenza vaccines for the prevention of laboratory-confirmed, medically attended influenza during 3 seasons with variable antigenic match between vaccine and patient strains. | 2009 | 19086915 |
| component-specific effectiveness of trivalent influenza vaccine as monitored through a sentinel surveillance network in canada, 2006-2007. | trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (tiv) is reformulated annually to contain representative strains of 2 influenza a subtypes (h1n1 and h3n2) and 1 b lineage (yamagata or victoria). we describe a sentinel surveillance approach to link influenza variant detection with component-specific vaccine effectiveness (ve) estimation. | 2009 | 19086914 |
| anionic polymer, poly(methyl vinyl ether-maleic anhydride)-coated beads-based capture of human influenza a and b virus. | an anionic magnetic beads-based method was developed for the capture of human influenza a and b viruses from nasal aspirates, allantoic fluid and culture medium. a polymer, poly(methyl vinyl ether-maleic anhydride) [poly(mve-ma)], was used to endow magnetic beads with a negative charge and bioadhesive properties. after incubation with samples containing human influenza virus, the beads were separated from supernatants by applying a magnetic field. the adsorption [corrected] of the virus by the b ... | 2009 | 19081256 |
| mechanism of nkt cell activation by intranasal coadministration of alpha-galactosylceramide, which can induce cross-protection against influenza viruses. | in a nasal vaccine against influenza, the activation of natural killer t (nkt) cells by intranasal coadministration of alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-galcer) can potently enhance protective immune responses. the results of this study show that the nkt cell-activated nasal vaccine can induce an effective cross-protection against different strains of influenza virus, including h5 type. to analyze the mechanism of nkt cell activation by this nasal vaccine, we prepared fluorescence-labeled alpha-ga ... | 2008 | 19079180 |
| update: influenza activity--united states, september 28-november 29, 2008. | during september 28-november 29, 2008, influenza activity remained low in the united states. of the few influenza viruses characterized thus far this season, most are antigenically related to the strains included in the 2008-09 influenza vaccine. oseltamivir-resistant influenza a (h1n1) viruses have been detected, but currently available data are insufficient to predict their prevalence for the 2008-09 season. this report summarizes u.s. influenza activity since the last update and reviews new i ... | 2008 | 19078922 |
| multiplex assay for simultaneously typing and subtyping influenza viruses by use of an electronic microarray. | we report on the use of an electronic microarray to simultaneously type influenza a and b viruses and to distinguish influenza a virus subtypes h1n1 and h3n2 from the potentially pandemic avian virus subtype h5n1. the assay targets seven genes: the h1, h3, h5, n1, and n2 genes of influenza a virus; the matrix protein m1 gene of influenza a virus; and the nonstructural protein (ns) gene of influenza b virus. by combining a two-step reverse transcription-multiplex pcr with typing and subtyping on ... | 2009 | 19073867 |
| [the spread and biological properties of epidemic influenza viruses a and b strains circulating in the 2006-2007 season in russia]. | the epidemic upsurge of influenza morbidity in the 2006-2007 season in russia was caused by the active circulation of influenza a(h1n1), a(h3n2) and b viruses. the center for ecology and epidemiology of influenza studied 259 epidemic strains; all the strains were isolated on mdck cell cultures. influenza a(h1n1) viruses (n = 101) were antigenic variants of the references a/new caledonia/20/99 and a/solomon islands/3/06. influenza a(h3n2) viruses (n = 98) were antigenic variants of the references ... | 2008 | 19069788 |
| evaluation of nanogen mgb alert detection reagents in a multiplex real-time pcr for influenza virus types a and b and respiratory syncytial virus. | a multiplex real-time rt-pcr assay that detects influenza a, influenza b and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) using the mgb alert influenza a&b/rsv detection reagent ruo (nanogen, san diego, ca) was developed. the nanogen detection reagents consist of pcr primers and minor groove binder-conjugated hybridization probes for each virus and an internal control. virus typing was determined by post-pcr melt curve analysis. a non-competitive armored rna internal control was co-extracted with each samp ... | 2009 | 19061916 |
| faster, more sensitive flu tests to combat flu pandemic. | 2008 | 19054896 | |
| rate of influenza vaccination and its adverse reactions seen in health care personnel in a single tertiary hospital in korea. | to determine the vaccination rate and its adverse reactions after influenza vaccination, we administered an anonymous questionnaire survey during the last three influenza seasons from 2005-2006 to 2007-2008. in total, the rate of influenza vaccination was 82.3% in health-care personnel. dividing the subjects into four groups by work category, the vaccine coverage rates were as follows: physicians 67.9%; nurses and nursing assistants 91.2%; technicians, pharmacists, therapists, and administrative ... | 2008 | 19050354 |
| diversifying selective pressure on influenza b virus hemagglutinin. | influenza b virus hemagglutinin (ha) is a major surface glycoprotein with frequent amino acid substitutions. however, the roles of antibody selection in the amino acid substitutions of ha were still poorly understood. in order to gain insights into this important issue, an analysis was conducted on a total of 271 ha1 sequences of influenza b virus strains isolated during 1940-2007. in this analysis, phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood (paml) package was used to detect the existence of po ... | 2009 | 19031453 |
| identification of viral and atypical bacterial pathogens in children hospitalized with acute respiratory infections in hong kong by multiplex pcr assays. | acute respiratory tract infection is a leading cause of hospital admission of children. this study used a broad capture, rapid and sensitive method (multiplex pcr assay) to detect 20 different respiratory pathogens including influenza a subtypes h1, h3, and h5; influenza b; parainfluenza types 1, 2, 3, and 4; respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) groups a and b; adenoviruses; human rhinoviruses; enteroviruses; human metapneumoviruses; human coronaviruses oc43, 229e, and sars-cov; chlamydophila pneum ... | 2009 | 19031443 |
| valuable data surrounding the priming and boosting abilities of various vaccine technologies. | 2009 | 19027811 | |
| the rapid molecular subtyping and pathotyping of avian influenza viruses. | highly conserved nucleotide stretches flanking the cleavage site of the haemagglutinin (ha) gene of influenza type a viruses were utilised for generating pcr amplicons from a broad range of avian influenza viruses (aiv) in a one-step real-time sybr green rt-pcr assay. the nucleotide sequencing of the amplified pcr products simultaneously reveals both the ha subtype and the pathotype of the aiv isolates, as we demonstrated in case of h5 subtype viruses. the specificity of the assay was confirmed ... | 2009 | 19026689 |
| guillain-barré syndrome and influenza virus infection. | in western countries, the cause of 60% of all guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) cases remains unidentified. the number of cases of unidentified cause peaks in winter, and these cases are commonly preceded by respiratory tract infection or influenza-like illness. we investigated the triggering role of influenza virus infection. | 2009 | 19025491 |
| [resistance in influenza viruses]. | influenza virus infection can be prevented and treated with antiviral drugs. the usage of such drugs in norway has been infrequent, however, they are an important component in our pandemic preparedness planning, as it will probably be difficult to get access to the appropriate vaccine in time before the pandemic reaches the country. the first generation of influenza drugs acquired resistance to a large degree, in contrast to the modern neuraminidase inhibitors that until recently have had minor ... | 2008 | 19023375 |
| safety and efficacy of a novel microneedle device for dose sparing intradermal influenza vaccination in healthy adults. | intradermal vaccine delivery has been shown to induce good immune responses with low vaccine doses. technologies for drug-delivery which specifically target the skin may render intradermal vaccination more accessible. | 2009 | 19022318 |
| influenza sequence and epitope database. | influenza epidemics arise through the acquisition of viral genetic changes to overcome immunity from previous infections. an increasing number of complete genomes of influenza viruses have been sequenced in asia in recent years. knowledge about the genomes of the seasonal influenza viruses from different countries in asia is valuable for monitoring and understanding of the emergence, migration and evolution of strains. in order to make full use of the wealth of information from such data, we hav ... | 2009 | 19015128 |
| universal antibodies and their applications to the quantitative determination of virtually all subtypes of the influenza a viral hemagglutinins. | the fusion peptide is the only universally conserved sequence in the hemagglutinins of all 16 subtypes of influenza a and two genetic lineages of influenza b viruses. here, peptides selected by bioinformatics approach were modified and conjugated to overcome serious technical hurdles such as the high hydrophobicity and weak immunogenicity of the viral fusion peptides. antibodies generated against fusion peptides demonstrated remarkable specificity against the viral sequences and robustness of qu ... | 2008 | 19007587 |
| [cytokine profile and level of antibodies after administration of split-vaccine against influenza to adults]. | serum concentrations of cytokines (ifn-gamma, tnf-alpha, il-2, il-4, il-6, il-8) and antibody levels to influenza virus antigens were studied in adults vaccinated with split-vaccine against influenza. analysis of antibody titers 21 days after vaccination compared with baseline levels revealed high immunogenicity of vaccine in terms of mean geometric titers increase as well as sufficient levels of seroprotection and seroconversion. study of cytokine profile showed absence of significant changes o ... | 2008 | 19006832 |
| mice lacking the isg15 e1 enzyme ube1l demonstrate increased susceptibility to both mouse-adapted and non-mouse-adapted influenza b virus infection. | isg15 functions as a critical antiviral molecule against influenza virus, with infection inducing both the conjugation of isg15 to target proteins and production of free isg15. here, we report that mice lacking the isg15 e1 enzyme ube1l fail to form isg15 conjugates. both ube1l(-/-) and isg15(-/-) mice display increased susceptibility to influenza b virus infection, including non-mouse-adapted strains. finally, we demonstrate that isg15 controls influenza b virus infection through its action wit ... | 2009 | 19004958 |
| anti-influenza virus activity of myrica rubra leaf ethanol extract evaluated using madino-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells. | myrica rubra leaf ethanol extract was added to culture medium of madino-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells inoculated with influenza virus, and the inhibition of influenza virus replication was measured. myrica rubra leaf ethanol extract showed anti-influenza virus activity irrespective of the hemagglutinin antigen type in the influenza virus type a (h1n1), its subtype (h3n2), and type b. | 2008 | 18997411 |
| the real spin on global flu. | 2008 | 18988552 | |
| analysis of influenza b virus ns1 protein trafficking reveals a novel interaction with nuclear speckle domains. | many proteins that function in the transcription, maturation, and export of metazoan mrnas are concentrated in nuclear speckle domains, indicating that the compartment is important for gene expression. here, we show that the ns1 protein of influenza b virus (b/ns1) accumulates in nuclear speckles and causes rounding and morphological changes of the domains, indicating a disturbance in their normal functions. this property was located within the n-terminal 90 amino acids of the b/ns1 protein and ... | 2009 | 18987144 |
| the potential impact of neuraminidase inhibitor resistant influenza. | neuraminidase inhibitor resistant influenza virus has recently emerged, and circulated, in untreated persons. influenza virus evolution is causing antiviral susceptibility to change. we review the latest research in this rapidly moving field. | 2008 | 18978531 |
| cs-8958, a prodrug of the new neuraminidase inhibitor r-125489, shows long-acting anti-influenza virus activity. | two neuraminidase (na) inhibitors, zanamivir (relenza) and oseltamivir phosphate (tamiflu), have been licensed for the treatment of and prophylaxis against influenza. in this paper, the new potent na inhibitor r-125489 is reported for the first time. r-125489 inhibited the na activities of various type a and b influenza viruses, including subtypes n1 to n9 and oseltamivir-resistant viruses. the survival effect of r-125489 was shown to be similar to that of zanamivir when administered intranasall ... | 2009 | 18955520 |
| comparisons of the influenza virus a m2 channel binding affinities, anti-influenza virus potencies and nmda antagonistic activities of 2-alkyl-2-aminoadamantanes and analogues. | the new 2-alkyl-2-aminoadamantanes and analogues 4-10 were designed and synthesized by simplification of the structure of the potent anti-influenza virus a spiranic aminoadamantane heterocycles 2 and 3. the aim of the present work was to examine the effects of bulky and extended lipophilic moieties attached to amantadine 1 on binding to the m2 channel and the resulting antiviral potency. the binding affinities of the compounds to the m2 protein of influenza virus a/chicken/germany/27 (weybridge ... | 2008 | 18947998 |
| enhancement of influenza surveillance with aggregate rapid influenza test results: new mexico, 2003-2007. | we sought to determine whether monitoring rapid influenza laboratory tests improved the influenza-like illness surveillance already in place in new mexico. | 2009 | 18923127 |
| the effect of polysaccharides on the reaction between erythrocytes and viruses, with particular reference to mumps virus. | polysaccharides which cause inhibition of the multiplication of mumps virus in the allantoic sac may or may not cause inhibition of hemagglutination by the virus. moreover, such substances may or may not prevent adsorption of the virus by erythrocytes. the available evidence indicates that polysaccharides active as inhibitors do not block adsorption of mumps virus by cells of the living allantoic membrane. with influenza a, influenza b, and newcastle disease viruses, as well as with pvm, there a ... | 1948 | 18912892 |
| influenza and pneumonia; serologic studies during and after an outbreak of influenza b. | 1948 | 18907888 | |
| influenza virus infection in the hamster; a study of inapparent virus infection and virus adaptation. | a study of influenza virus infection in the hamster has yielded the following results: 1. two influenza a strains (ga. 47 and pr8) multiplied readily in the hamster lung, although no lung lesions were produced during six serial passages. on further passage both viruses abruptly acquired the capacity to produce pulmonary consolidation and death of the animals. 2. extracts of the lungs during the early passages contained complement-fixing antigen and infectious virus, as revealed by titration in m ... | 1948 | 18881492 |
| investigations into acute infections of the respiratory tract; an epidemic of influenza b in the winter of 1946. | 1948 | 18867833 | |
| hemophilus influenzae type b epiglottitis or acute supraglottic laryngitis in children. | 1948 | 18866873 | |
| influenza b; study of a localized outbreak preceding the 1945 epidemic. | 1948 | 18861400 | |
| inhibition of multiplication of influenza virus by tannic acid. | 1948 | 18859990 | |
| the reversibility of the o-d type of influenza virus variation. | data are presented which enhance the idea that the influenza virus is an unstable agent. they indicate that the o-d type of variation is not a discontinuous mutation but rather is a reversible phenomenon. the o and the d forms of virus both appear to be inherent in the virus particle; the dominance of one or the other form seems to be subject to chance occurrences, but is influenced by the conditions under which the virus is propagated. the capacity of the o form of virus to agglutinate guinea p ... | 1948 | 18858643 |
| [influenza season 2007/'08 in the netherlands: antigenic variation, oseltamivir resistance and vaccine composition for the 2008/'09 season]. | the first signs of influenza activity during the 2007/'08 influenza season in the netherlands were sporadic isolations of influenza viruses between week 40 and week 52 of 2007. the frequency of virus isolations and clinical influenza activity increased after week 1 of 2008 and peaked around week 9. in this week, 7.2 patients with influenza-like illness were recorded per 10,000 inhabitants. the influenza epidemic was caused primarily by influenza a/h1n1 viruses and influenza b viruses. two antige ... | 2008 | 18856032 |
| characterization of an influenza a and influenza b co-infection of a patient in a long-term care facility with co-circulating influenza a and influenza b. | 2009 | 18849179 | |
| recommended composition of influenza virus vaccines for use in the 2009 southern hemisphere influenza season. | 2008 | 18846716 | |
| [molecular and antigenic characteristics of influenza b virus isolated in zhejiang province in 2006]. | 2008 | 18844007 | |
| heterogeneous selective pressure acting on influenza b victoria- and yamagata-like hemagglutinins. | as a consequence of immune pressure, influenza virus hemagglutinin presents some of its amino acids under positive selection. several authors have reported the existence of influenza a hemagglutinin codons under positive selective pressure (psp). in this framework, the present work objectives were to demonstrate the presence of psp and evaluate its effects on victoria- and yamagata-like influenza b viruses. methodology adopted consisted in estimating the acceptance rate of nonsynonymous substitu ... | 2008 | 18841406 |
| capture of cell culture-derived influenza virus by lectins: strain independent, but host cell dependent. | strategies to control influenza outbreaks are focused mainly on prophylactic vaccination. human influenza vaccines are trivalent blends of different virus subtypes. therefore and due to frequent antigenic drifts, strain independent manufacturing processes are required for vaccine production. this study verifies the strain independency of a capture method based on euonymus europaeus lectin-affinity chromatography (eel-ac) for downstream processing of influenza viruses under various culture condit ... | 2008 | 18840469 |
| [development of duplex real-time rt-pcr for detection of influenza virus a and b]. | influenza viruses continue to be accountable for winter outbreaks. the potential for developing complications is higher in certain risk groups, such as children, the elderly and individuals with chronic medical conditions. we have presented a duplex real-time rt-pcr for detection of influenza a and b. the sensibility of our method was estimated at 0.01tcid(50)/ml for detection of influenza a and 0.1tcid(50)/ml for influenza b. any other viruses with respiratory tract tropism were detected with o ... | 2008 | 18835667 |
| influenza vaccine 2008-2009. | annual immunization against influenza a and b is the most effective method of preventing infection and has been shown to reduce influenza complications. changes this year include a vaccine with three new influenza antigens and expanded age criteria to include all children 6 months to 18 years of age. an upcoming issue of the medical letter will review drugs for prophylaxis and treatment of influenza. | 2008 | 18833032 |
| antibody responses after inactivated influenza vaccine in young children. | the frequency and duration of antibody responses after trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (tiv) in young children are not well defined and assume greater importance with the expanded recommendations for vaccine use in children aged 6 months-5 years. | 2008 | 18833023 |
| analytical and clinical sensitivity of the 3m rapid detection influenza a+b assay. | the performance of the 3m rapid detection influenza a+b (3m flu) assay was compared to the performance of other immunochromatographic assays. the clinical and analytical performance of the 3m flu assay was superior to that of binaxnow and directigen ez assays and equivalent to that of the quickvue assay. the 3m flu assay offers an objective output and direct linkage to laboratory information systems. | 2008 | 18832133 |
| characterization of the termination-reinitiation strategy employed in the expression of influenza b virus bm2 protein. | coupled expression of the m1 and bm2 open-reading frames (orfs) of influenza b from the dicistronic segment 7 mrna occurs by a process of termination-dependent reinitiation. the aug start codon of the bm2 orf overlaps the stop codon of the upstream m1 orf in the pentanucleotide uaaug, and bm2 synthesis is dependent upon translation of the m1 orf and termination at the stop codon. here, we have investigated the mrna sequence requirements for bm2 expression. termination-reinitiation is dependent u ... | 2008 | 18824510 |
| neuraminidase activity provides a practical read-out for a high throughput influenza antiviral screening assay. | the emergence of influenza strains that are resistant to commonly used antivirals has highlighted the need to develop new compounds that target viral gene products or host mechanisms that are essential for effective virus replication. existing assays to identify potential antiviral compounds often use high throughput screening assays that target specific viral replication steps. to broaden the search for antivirals, cell-based replication assays can be performed, but these are often labor intens ... | 2008 | 18822145 |
| antivirals and influenza: frequency of resistance. | antivirals are effective in prophylaxis and therapy for influenza and are likely to be active against a new pandemic variant. they can be divided into the m2 inhibitors, adamantane and rimantadine, and the neuraminidase inhibitors (nais), zanamivir and oseltamivir. the former are limited in activity to type a viruses, whereas the latter are also active against type b viruses. both classes of drugs appear similarly efficacious in prophylaxis at approximately 70-90%. however, use of m2 inhibitors ... | 2008 | 18820569 |
| universal influenza vaccination and live attenuated influenza vaccination of children. | influenza is an uncontrolled epidemic disease that is vaccine preventable. each winter the peak of medically attended acute respiratory illness coincides with the peak of influenza virus activity. the anatomy of an urban influenza epidemic is presented highlighting the role of children in the spread of influenza. the efficacy and safety of the live attenuated influenza vaccine (laiv) for children are documented and the indirect effectiveness (herd protection) of vaccinating schoolchildren is dem ... | 2008 | 18820568 |
| influenza activity--united states and worldwide, may 18-september 19, 2008. | during may 18-september 19, 2008, influenza a (h1), influenza a (h3), and influenza b viruses were detected worldwide and were identified sporadically in the united states. this report summarizes influenza activity in the united states and worldwide since the last update and reviews the new influenza vaccine recommendations for the upcoming season. influenza viruses circulating this summer appear antigenically similar to the strains included in the 2008-09 influenza vaccine. recent antiviral res ... | 2008 | 18818585 |
| molecular characterization of influenza viruses circulating in northern italy during two seasons (2005/2006 and 2006/2007) of low influenza activity. | the influenza activity and circulation of influenza viruses in lombardy (the most populous italian region) were observed during two consecutive seasons (2005/2006 and 2006/2007) characterized by low influenza activity by the italian influenza surveillance network. the molecular characteristics of circulating viruses were analyzed to evaluate the introduction of new variants and emergence of vaccine-escape viruses. in both seasons, the epidemic in lombardy was sustained almost exclusively by infl ... | 2008 | 18814246 |
| [influenza in poland in 2006]. | a total number of 251,815 cases of influenza and influenza-like illness registered in poland in 2006 (incidence 660.4 per 100,000 population). regionally the incidence varied from 75.6 per 100,000 in swietokrzyskie voivodeship to 1,690.4 in mazowieckie. the highest reported incidence was observed in age group 0-4 years (1,543.1 per 100,000). children and adolescents under 15 years of age accounted for 34.3% of all cases (age specific incidence 1,434.8 per 100,000). in this age group the incidenc ... | 2008 | 18807463 |
| molecular studies of temperature-sensitive replication of the cold-adapted b/ann arbor/1/66, the master donor virus for live attenuated influenza flumist vaccines. | cold-adapted (ca) b/ann arbor/1/66 is the master donor virus for influenza b (mdv-b) vaccine component of live attenuated influenza flumist vaccine. the six internal protein gene segments of mdv-b confer the characteristic cold-adapted (ca), temperature-sensitive (ts) and attenuated (att) phenotypes to the reassortant vaccine strains that contain the ha and na rna segments from the circulating wild type strains. previously, we have mapped the loci in the np, pa and m genes that determine the ca, ... | 2008 | 18804834 |
| statement on influenza vaccination for the 2008-2009 season. an advisory committee statement (acs). | 2008 | 18802991 | |
| influenza in canada: 2007-2008 season update. | 2008 | 18802987 | |
| public health implications of influenza b outbreaks in closed settings in the united kingdom in the 2007/08 influenza season. | 2008 | 18801323 | |
| [haemophilus influenza b: on the good track]. | 2008 | 18789205 | |
| long time trends in influenza-like illness and associated determinants in the netherlands. | we analysed long-term epidemiological trends in influenza-like illness (ili) in the netherlands and used an ecological analysis to estimate its relationship with age, influenza vaccination, and virological aspects. this study used data from weekly ili consultation reports from sentinel general practitioners (1986/1987 to 2006/2007), virological data from sentinel ili patients (1992/1993 to 2006/2007), and data for influenza vaccine uptake (1991-2005). the incidence of ili consultations, although ... | 2009 | 18789176 |
| decreased leukocytes and other characteristics of laboratory findings of influenza virus infections in children. | an outbreak of influenza a and influenza b appeared at the beginning and end of 2006 in southern taiwan. we conducted this study to test whether laboratory findings could differentiate influenza a from influenza b infection. | 2008 | 18787735 |
| [molecular analyses of human influenza viruses. circulation of new variants since 1995/96]. | the evolution of influenza viruses is increasingly pursued by molecular analyses that complement classical methods. the analyses focus on the two surface proteins hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) which determine the viral antigenic profile. influenza a(h3n2) viruses are exceptionally variable, so that usually at least two virus variants cocirculate at the same time. together with influenza b viruses they caused approximately 90% of influenza virus infections in germany during the last 1 ... | 2008 | 18773168 |
| [hospitalization due to influenza in children in santiago, chile, 2001-2005]. | influenza cause high hospitalization rates and complications in children. | 2008 | 18769772 |
| influenza b virus ns1-truncated mutants: live-attenuated vaccine approach. | type b influenza viruses can cause substantial morbidity and mortality in the population, and vaccination remains by far the best means of protection against infections with these viruses. here, we report the construction of mutant influenza b viruses for potential use as improved live-virus vaccine candidates. employing reverse genetics, we altered the ns1 gene, which encodes a type i interferon (ifn) antagonist. the resulting ns1 mutant viruses induced ifn and, as a consequence, were found to ... | 2008 | 18768976 |
| annual report of the national influenza surveillance scheme, 2007. | the year 2007 saw the most severe influenza season since national reporting of influenza began in 2001. early in the season the national incident room was activated to provide effective national surveillance, reporting and management of the 2007 seasonal influenza outbreak. a surveillance team were tasked with establishing enhanced surveillance for the 2007 season and investigating unusual events in this outbreak. key data required to comprehensively describe the number of cases, morbidity, mort ... | 2008 | 18767420 |
| [new respiratory viruses in children 2 months to 3 years old with recurrent wheeze]. | respiratory viruses are associated with respiratory exacerbations, more frequently respiratory syncytial virus in infants and rhinovirus in children. | 2008 | 18766276 |
| epidemiological and virological assessment of influenza activity in europe, during the 2006-2007 winter. | influenza surveillance in europe is based on influenza surveillance networks that cooperate and share information through the european influenza surveillance scheme (eiss). eiss collected clinical and virological data on influenza in 33 countries during the 2006-2007 winter. influenza activity started around 1 january and first occurred in greece, scotland and spain. it then moved gradually across europe from south to north and lasted until the end of march. in 29 out of 33 countries, the consul ... | 2008 | 18761888 |
| dry cotton or flocked respiratory swabs as a simple collection technique for the molecular detection of respiratory viruses using real-time nasba. | this paper describes the molecular detection of influenza a, influenza b, respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus using real-time nucleic acid sequence based amplification (nasba) from respiratory samples collected on simple dry cotton swabs, non-invasively and in the absence of transport medium. viral rna was detectable on dry cotton and flocked swabs for at least 2 weeks at room temperature and was readily extracted using magnetic silica extraction methods. dry cotton respiratory ... | 2008 | 18761378 |
| [epidemic strains influenza viruses a and b in the 2005-2006 season in russia]. | investigations indicated that the epidemic upsurge of influenza morbidity in the 2005-2006 season in russia was caused by the active circulation of influenza viruses a and b. the center for ecology and epidemiology of influenza, d. i. ivanovsky institute of virology, russian academy of medical sciences, studied 182 epidemic strains. a hundred and thirteen influenza viruses a(h3n2) were similar to the reference a/california/07/2004 or were its antigenic variants. thirteen influenza virus a(h1n1) ... | 2008 | 18756810 |
| influenza vaccination coverage in patients with cystic fibrosis followed at 12 care centers in the greater south region of france for the season 2005/2006. | the objective of this observational study was to estimate influenza vaccination coverage for the 2005/2006 season in cystic fibrosis (cf) patients consulting at or hospitalized in 12 cf care centers. data from 518 cf patients >6 months of age (children: 64.9%) were analyzed: 79.9% were vaccinated. the vaccination coverage was 85.6% in children, 69.4% in adults and 44.4% in transplanted patients. general practitioners vaccinated 67.9% of the patients. "lack of time" reason was reported by 24.7% n ... | 2008 | 18721838 |
| acute respiratory infection and influenza-like illness viral etiologies in brazilian adults. | influenza-like illness (ili) definitions have been used worldwide for influenza surveillance. these different case definitions can vary with regard to sensitivity and predictive values for laboratory confirmed influenza. the literature has indicated the inclusion of other viruses may be the cause of these variable results. the objective of the study was to evaluate ili national sentinel criteria and viral etiologies in adults diagnosed with acute respiratory infection (ari) and/or ili from 2001 ... | 2008 | 18712837 |
| live, attenuated influenza virus (laiv) vehicles are strong inducers of immunity toward influenza b virus. | historically, vaccines developed toward influenza viruses of the b type using methodologies developed for influenza a viruses as a blueprint have not been equally efficacious or effective. because most influenza research and public attention concerns influenza a viruses, these shortcomings have not been adequately addressed. in this manuscript, we utilized different influenza vaccine vehicles to compare immunogenicity and protection in mice and ferrets after vaccination against an influenza b vi ... | 2008 | 18708106 |
| respiratory viruses in hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory tract infections, mazandaran province, iran. | we conducted this study to determine the contribution of respiratory viruses in 202 hospitalized children (1 mo-5 yr) with clinical evidence of acute lower respiratory tract illness (alri). nasopharyngeal specimens were assayed for viruses detection by indirect immunoflourescent method. viral agents were identified from 109 (54%) cases (9 cases had dual infection). the most commonly detected virus was parainfluenza virus 3 in 32 (15.8%) cases followed by respiratory syncytial virus 26 (12.9%) pa ... | 2008 | 18695281 |
| prevention and control of influenza: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices (acip), 2008. | this report updates the 2007 recommendations by cdc's advisory committee on immunization practices (acip) regarding the use of influenza vaccine and antiviral agents (cdc. prevention and control of influenza: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices [acip]. mmwr 2007;56[no. rr-6]). the 2008 recommendations include new and updated information. principal updates and changes include 1) a new recommendation that annual vaccination be administered to all children aged 5--18 ... | 2008 | 18685555 |
| mixed treatment comparison with multiple outcomes reported inconsistently across trials: evaluation of antivirals for treatment of influenza a and b. | we present a mixed treatment meta-analysis of antivirals for treatment of influenza, where some trials report summary measures on at least one of the two outcomes: time to alleviation of fever and time to alleviation of symptoms. the synthesis is further complicated by the variety of summary measures reported: mean time, median time and proportion symptom free at the end of follow-up. we compare several models using the deviance information criteria and the contribution of different evidence sou ... | 2008 | 18680174 |
| modifying clinical practices to manage influenza in children effectively. | children less than 5 years of age are at increased risk of morbidity from influenza infection compared with older children and adults aged 18-54 years. although much of the disease burden can be prevented by annual vaccination, the misperception that influenza does not result in serious illness in children, including schoolchildren, contributes to ongoing low vaccination rates. in conjunction with community surveillance of influenza activity, rapid diagnostic tests can help identify influenza pa ... | 2008 | 18664986 |
| shedding and immunogenicity of live attenuated influenza vaccine virus in subjects 5-49 years of age. | live attenuated influenza vaccine (laiv) is indicated for influenza prevention in persons 2-49 years of age. this study describes the incidence and duration of vaccine virus shedding and serum immune responses after receipt of laiv. | 2008 | 18662737 |
| human metapneumovirus in lung transplant recipients and comparison to respiratory syncytial virus. | human metapneumovirus is a newly described virus isolated in 2001 from children with acute respiratory viral infection. it has subsequently been reported globally, although there are limited data in lung transplant recipients. | 2008 | 18658110 |
| influenza viruses circulating in thailand in 2004 and 2005. | determining the local circulating strain of influenza is essential to prevent and control epidemics. in the years 2004 and 2005, the national influenza center of thailand received 3,854 and 3,834 specimens, respectively, from patients throughout the country, including submissions from 4 established influenza surveillance sentinel sites. in 2004, of 539 influenza-positive specimens, 461 were positive for influenza a and 78 were positive for influenza b by isolation. influenza a subtyping revealed ... | 2008 | 18653981 |
| mortality benefits of influenza vaccination in elderly people. | 2008 | 18652991 | |
| mortality benefits of influenza vaccination in elderly people. | 2008 | 18652990 | |
| mortality benefits of influenza vaccination in elderly people. | 2008 | 18652989 | |
| influenza guideline for south africa--update 2008. | objective: the south african thoracic society, in conjunction with interested stakeholders, published a guideline for influenza management in adults in 1999. this year the south african thoracic society (sats) identified the need to revise that guideline for the following reasons: * to indicate the viral strains that are to be incorporated into the vaccine for the 2008 season * to add important new data regarding treatment of influenza * to add a section on influenza in children * to clarify iss ... | 2008 | 18652399 |
| design of a sialylglycopolymer with a chitosan backbone having efficient inhibitory activity against influenza virus infection. | we verified here the inhibitory activity of a sialylglycopolymer prepared from natural products, chitosan and hen egg yolk, against influenza virus infection and estimated the requirements of the molecule for efficient inhibition. the inhibitory activity clearly depended on two factors, the length (the degree of polymerization: dp) of the chitosan backbone and the amount (the degree of substitution: ds) of conjugated sialyloligosaccharide side chain. the inhibitory efficiency increased in accord ... | 2008 | 18651726 |