Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| nucleocapsid of rabies virus improve immune response of an inactivated avian influenza vaccine. | the purpose of this study was to determine if nucleocapsid of rabies virus could improve the immune response (humoral and protective) of chickens vaccinated against avian influenza with an inactivated avian influenza experimental vaccine (aiv). on the other hand, aiv with and without nc was compared with an inactivated oil emulsion avian influenza commercial vaccine (cv) virus, currently used in mexico. groups of 8 day old chickens were vaccinated intracutaneously with an aiv (group 1); group 2, ... | 2009 | 19184631 |
| [viral surveillance on rabies in hunan province, in 2006]. | to understand the source and distribution of rabies virus (rv) in hunan province with viral surveillance in order to provide scientific measures for prevention and control on rabies. | 2008 | 19173884 |
| [survey on human rabies cases and its viral molecular biological features in baoshan city, yunnan province]. | to understand the epidemiological features of two rabies cases in baoshan city year 2006 and 2007 and to analyze its source of infection. | 2008 | 19173855 |
| dual transneuronal tracing in the rat entorhinal-hippocampal circuit by intracerebral injection of recombinant rabies virus vectors. | dual transneuronal tracing is a novel viral tracing methodology which employs two recombinant viruses, each expressing a different reporter protein. peripheral injection of recombinant pseudorabies viruses has been used as a powerful method to define neurons that coordinate outputs to various peripheral targets of motor and autonomic systems. here, we assessed the feasibility of recombinants of rabies virus (rv) vector for dual transneuronal tracing in the central nervous system. first, we exami ... | 2009 | 19169410 |
| genetic stability (in vivo) of the attenuated oral rabies virus vaccine sad b19. | the distribution of oral rabies vaccine baits containing replication-competent live viruses poses certain environmental safety risks; among others, the possibility of reversion to or an increase in virulence. hence, the genetic stability of the complete genome of the most widely used oral rabies vaccine virus, sad b19, was examined after four and 10 serial i.c. passages in foxes and mice, respectively. it was shown that the consensus strain of sad b19 was extremely stable in vivo. after 10 conse ... | 2009 | 19161553 |
| lagos bat virus virulence in mice inoculated by the peripheral route. | lagos bat virus (lbv) constitutes genotype (gt) 2 in the lyssavirus genus. in contrast to the gt1 lyssavirus, rabies virus (rabv), lbv was reported to have markedly reduced levels of peripheral pathogenicity. however, this opinion was based on a study of one isolate of lbv only and the reduction in pathogenicity was essentially attributed to the amino-acid substitution at position 333 of glycoprotein ectodomain. in the present study we have demonstrated that peripheral pathogenicity of represent ... | 2009 | 19144249 |
| comparative analysis of hiv-1-based lentiviral vectors bearing lyssavirus glycoproteins for neuronal gene transfer. | the delivery of therapeutic genes to the central nervous system (cns) using viral vectors represents an appealing strategy for the treatment of nerve injury and disorders of the cns. important factors determining cns targeting include tropism of the viral vectors and retrograde transport of the vector particles. retrograde transport of equine anemia virus (eiav)-based lentiviral vectors pseudotyped with the glycoprotein derived from the rabies virus rabera strain from peripheral muscle to spinal ... | 2009 | 19144125 |
| first production of fluorescent anti-ribonucleoproteins conjugate for diagnostic of rabies in brazil. | the laboratory tests recommended by the world health organization for detection of rabies virus and evaluation of specific antibodies are performed with fluorescent antibodies against the virus, the ribonucleoproteins (rnps), or by monoclonal antibodies. in this study, we purified the rabies virus rnps for the production of a conjugate presenting sensibility and specificity compatible with commercial reagents. the method employed for the purification of rnps was ultracentrifugation in cesium chl ... | 2009 | 19140216 |
| subdivisions of primary motor cortex based on cortico-motoneuronal cells. | we used retrograde transneuronal transport of rabies virus from single muscles of rhesus monkeys to identify cortico-motoneuronal (cm) cells in the primary motor cortex (m1) that make monosynaptic connections with motoneurons innervating shoulder, elbow, and finger muscles. we found that m1 has 2 subdivisions. a rostral region lacks cm cells and represents an "old" m1 that is the standard for many mammals. the descending commands mediated by corticospinal efferents from old m1 must use the integ ... | 2009 | 19139417 |
| high-level expression of rabies virus glycoprotein with the rna-based semliki forest virus expression vector. | rabies is to this date one of the most important death causing zoonotic viral diseases, with 98% of deaths reported in developing countries, where access to modern vaccines and tools for efficient diagnostic remain unaffordable. in this paper, we describe a newly engineered rna-based rabies virus glycoprotein (rvgp) expression vector based on the semliki forest virus (sfv) system. a recombinant sfv carrying an rna coding for rvgp (sfv-rvgp) was constructed and the rvgp expression was evaluated i ... | 2009 | 19135103 |
| landscape genetics of raccoons (procyon lotor) associated with ridges and valleys of pennsylvania: implications for oral rabies vaccination programs. | raccoons are the reservoir for the raccoon rabies virus variant in the united states. to combat this threat, oral rabies vaccination (orv) programs are conducted in many eastern states. to aid in these efforts, the genetic structure of raccoons (procyon lotor) was assessed in southwestern pennsylvania to determine if select geographic features (i.e., ridges and valleys) serve as corridors or hindrances to raccoon gene flow (e.g., movement) and, therefore, rabies virus trafficking in this physiog ... | 2009 | 19125658 |
| comparative pathological study of the murine brain after experimental infection with classical rabies virus and european bat lyssaviruses. | european bat lyssaviruses (eblvs) types 1 (eblv-1) and 2 (eblv-2) cause rabies in terrestrial species, but the pathological changes associated with neuroinvasion have yet to be fully elucidated. swiss of-1 mice were inoculated peripherally with strain rv61 (classical rabies virus), rv1423 (eblv-1) or rv1332 (eblv-2) to compare the nature and extent of histopathological changes produced. inoculated animals developed varying degrees of non-suppurative encephalitis, and lyssavirus infection was con ... | 2009 | 19111840 |
| [construction of helper plasmids used in reverse genetic system of a cell adapted rabies virus strain]. | to construct four helper plasmids which are necessary in reverse genetic system of a cell adapted rabies virus strain. | 2008 | 19105333 |
| induction of immune responses and protection in mice against rabies using a self-replicating rna vaccine encoding rabies virus glycoprotein. | a self-replicating rna vaccine encoding rabies virus glycoprotein gene was developed utilizing sindbis virus rna replicon. the in vitro transcribed rna (sin-rab-g rna) was transfected in mammalian cells and analysed for self-replication and expression of rabies glycoprotein. to generate immune responses against rabies, mice were immunized with 10microg of sin-rab-g rna and immune responses developed were compared with mice immunized with rabies dna vaccine and commercial cell culture vaccine (ra ... | 2009 | 19081687 |
| attenuation of rabies virus replication and virulence by picornavirus internal ribosome entry site elements. | gene expression of nonsegmented negative-strand rna viruses is regulated at the transcriptional level and relies on the canonical 5'-end-dependent translation of capped viral mrnas. here, we have used internal ribosome entry sites (ires) from picornaviruses to control the expression level of the phosphoprotein p of the neurotropic rabies virus (rv; rhabdoviridae), which is critically required for both viral replication and escape from the host interferon response. in a dual luciferase reporter r ... | 2009 | 19073737 |
| molecular epidemiology of rabies: focus on domestic dogs (canis familiaris) and black-backed jackals (canis mesomelas) from northern south africa. | phylogenetic relationships of rabies viruses recovered from black-backed jackals (canis mesomelas) and domestic dogs (canis familiaris) in northern south africa were investigated to determine whether the black-backed jackal is an emerging maintenance host species for rabies in this region. a panel of 123 rabies viruses obtained from the two host species between 1980 and 2006 were characterised by nucleotide sequencing of the cytoplasmic domain of the glycoprotein gene and the non-coding g-l inte ... | 2009 | 19061924 |
| influence of culture conditions on recombinant drosophila melanogaster s2 cells producing rabies virus glycoprotein cultivated in serum-free medium. | the recombinant g glycoprotein from the surface of the rabies virus (rvgp) is a promising candidate as a rabies vaccine component and also for diagnostic purposes. in this study, rvgp production by transfected drosophila melanogaster s2 cells cultivated in a serum-free medium (supplemented ipl-41 medium) was carried out. the effects of ph and po(2) were evaluated in batch culture in parallel spinner flasks. the use of a ph equal to 6.3 and a po(2) of 40% air saturation resulted in the highest rv ... | 2009 | 19059791 |
| human rabies case with long incubation, australia. | 2008 | 19046531 | |
| new rabies virus variant in mexican immigrant. | a novel rabies virus was identified after death in a man who had immigrated from oaxaca, mexico, to california, usa. despite the patient's history of exposure to domestic and wild carnivores, molecular and phylogenetic characterizations suggested that the virus originated from insectivorous bats. enhanced surveillance is needed to elucidate likely reservoirs. | 2008 | 19046517 |
| enzootic rabies elimination from dogs and reemergence in wild terrestrial carnivores, united states. | to provide molecular and virologic evidence that domestic dog rabies is no longer enzootic to the united states and to identify putative relatives of dog-related rabies viruses (rvs) circulating in other carnivores, we studied rvs associated with recent and historic dog rabies enzootics worldwide. molecular, phylogenetic, and epizootiologic evidence shows that domestic dog rabies is no longer enzootic to the united states. nonetheless, our data suggest that independent rabies enzootics are now e ... | 2008 | 19046506 |
| economic evaluation of an oral rabies vaccination program for control of a domestic dog-coyote rabies epizootic: 1995-2006. | to conduct a benefit-cost analysis of the results of the domestic dog and coyote (ddc) oral rabies vaccine (orv) program in texas from 1995 through 2006 by use of fiscal records and relevant public health data. | 2008 | 19046031 |
| genetic diversity of chinese rabies viruses: evidence for the presence of two distinct clades in china. | there have been three major rabies epidemics in china since the 1950s. to gain more insights into the molecular epidemiology of rabies viruses (rvs) for the third (the current) epidemic, we isolated rv from dogs and humans in major endemic areas, and characterized these isolates genetically by sequencing the entire glycoprotein (g) gene and the g-l non-coding region. these sequences were also compared phylogenetically with rvs isolated in china during previous epidemics and those around the worl ... | 2009 | 19041424 |
| [rescue of chimeric rabies virus expressing green fluorescent protein]. | green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene was inserted into the pseudogene (psi) region of genome of rabies virus rhep-flury strain, and a recombinant rabies virus carrying gfp, designated as hep-gfp, was rescued by reverse genetics system. it was demonstrated that green fluorescent protein could be expressed in the chimeric virus after 5 passages in bhk-21 cell line. the research indicated that the pseudogene (psi) region in the genome of rhep-flury strain, as an independent functional unit in the p ... | 2008 | 19035331 |
| [characterization of rdrp gene of rabies virus in china]. | characterization of rdrp gene (l) of rabies virus ag and ctn181 strain in china. | 2008 | 19031693 |
| [the primary application of direct rapid immunohistochemical test to rabies diagnosis in china]. | evaluation of the direct rapid immumohistochemical test (drit) for laboratory surveillance of rabies. | 2008 | 19031692 |
| [characterization of rabies virus phosphoprotein in high prevalence provinces of china]. | characterization of rabies virus phosphoprotein through analyzation of genetic variations about rabies virus phosphoproteins in high-incidence regions in china. | 2008 | 19031691 |
| [survey and anslysis of infection rate of dog rabies in the regions with high incidence of human rabies]. | to investigate the situation of dog rabies and analyze it's relationship with human rabies. | 2008 | 19031690 |
| [rabies control should be done from their origin]. | 2008 | 19031689 | |
| neuronal apoptosis does not play an important role in human rabies encephalitis. | it is generally accepted that there are not prominent features of neuronal cell death in rabies encephalitis. however, hemachudha and coworkers recently reported widespread apoptosis in the central nervous system of several human rabies cases (bmc infect dis 5: 104, 2005). in this study we have evaluated morphological features and markers of neuronal apoptosis in postmortem brain tissue from 12 cases of human rabies who died in four different countries. histopathological analysis, tunel (termina ... | 2008 | 19023689 |
| immune evasion by rabies viruses through the maintenance of blood-brain barrier integrity. | the attenuated rabies virus (rv) strain challenge virus standard (cvs)-f3 and a highly pathogenic strain associated with the silver-haired bats (shbrv) can both be cleared from the central nervous system (cns) tissues by appropriate antiviral immune mechanisms if the effectors are provided access across the blood-brain barrier (bbb). in the case of shbrv infection, antiviral immunity develops normally in the periphery but fails to open the bbb, generally resulting in a lethal outcome. to determi ... | 2008 | 19016377 |
| effect of cellular cholesterol depletion on rabies virus infection. | although there are several reports on candidates for rabies virus (rabv) receptor, possible roles played by these receptor candidates in determination of highly neurotropic nature of rabv have not been well understood. since these candidate receptors for rabv were reported to be frequently associated with cholesterol-rich microdomains characterized by lipid rafts and caveolae structures, we attempted to determine whether the disturbance of microdomains caused by the cholesterol depletion showed ... | 2009 | 19010362 |
| rabies vaccination in japan. | 2009 | 19007834 | |
| the new medium mdss2n, free of any animal protein supports cell growth and production of various viruses. | the development of media free of serum and animal or human proteins is of utmost importance for increasing the safety of biologicals produced for therapy and vaccination. in order to reduce the risk of contamination, we have modified the serum free medium mdss2, a very efficient serum free medium for the production of various biologicals including experimental vaccines using different cell lines (merten et al., 1994), by replacing the animal derived products by plant extracts. the new serum and ... | 1999 | 19003369 |
| enhancing effect of a protein from lonomia obliqua hemolymph on recombinant protein production. | gene expression in animal cells allows large scale production of proteins used for either structure and function studies or therapeutic purposes. maximizing recombinant protein production is necessary to optimize cell growth and protein expression. some studies have demonstrated the presence of pharmacologically active substances in insect hemolymph. in this work, we have identified and purified a protein from lonomia obliqua hemolymph able to increase the production of the rabies virus glycopro ... | 2008 | 19003176 |
| growth of recombinant drosophila melanogaster schneider 2 cells producing rabies virus glycoprotein in bioreactor employing serum-free medium. | drosophila melanogaster schneider 2 (s2) cells have been increasingly used as a suitable expression system for the production of different recombinant proteins, and the employment of bioreactors for large-scale culture is an important tool for this purpose. in this work, drosophila s2 cells producing the rabies virus glycoprotein rvgp were cultivated in bioreactor, employing a serum-free medium, aiming an improvement in cell growth and in glycoprotein production. to overcome cell growth limitati ... | 2008 | 19003175 |
| enhanced production of recombinant rabies virus glycoprotein (rrvgp) by drosophila melanogaster s2 cells through control of culture conditions. | culture conditions that affect product quality are important to the successful operation and optimization of recombinant protein production. the objective of this study was to optimize culture conditions for growth of recombinant drosophila melanogaster s2 cells (s2acrvgp) in order to enhance the production of rrvgp. the addition of dmso and glycerol to the medium and growth at a reduced temperature (22 degrees c) were the culture condition variations selected to be tested. experimental cultures ... | 2008 | 19003174 |
| bioreactor culture of recombinant drosophila melanogaster s2 cells: characterization of metabolic features related to cell growth and production of the rabies virus glycoprotein. | although several reports have been published on recombinant protein expression using drosophila cells, information on their metabolism and growth in vitro is relatively scarce. in the present study, we have analyzed the growth and metabolism of transfected s2 cells (s2acrvgp) in bioreactor cultures with serum-free medium sf900 ii, to evaluate its potential for mass production of a rabies virus glycoprotein (rvgp). cells were cultured in a 3 l-stirred-tank bioreactor at 28 degrees c with ph contr ... | 2008 | 19003173 |
| insect cells respiratory activity in bioreactor. | specific respiration rate ( [formula: see text]) is a key parameter to understand cell metabolism and physiological state, providing useful information for process supervision and control. in this work, we cultivated different insect cells in a very controlled environment, being able to measure [formula: see text]. spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) cells have been used through virus infection as host for foreign protein expression and bioinsecticide production. transfected drosophila melanogaster (s2) ... | 2008 | 19003170 |
| formulation of a protein-free medium based on ipl-41 for the sustained growth of drosophila melanogaster s2 cells. | an animal protein-free medium was developed for drosophila melanogaster s2 (s2acgpv2) cells genetically modified to produce the rabies virus g glycoprotein (gpv). ipl-41, used as a basal medium, was supplemented with yeastolate, carbohydrates, amino acids and lipids aiming initially to reduce and further to eliminate the need of fetal bovine serum. the s2acgpv2 cells were fully capable of growing in serum-free supplemented ipl-41 medium containing 6 g l(-1) yeastolate ultrafiltrate, 10 g l(-1) g ... | 2008 | 19003168 |
| mongoose rabies and the african civet in zimbabwe. | 2008 | 18997193 | |
| characterization of retinoic acid-inducible gene-i expression in primary murine glia following exposure to vesicular stomatitis virus. | vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) is a negative-sense single-stranded rna virus that closely resembles its deadly cousin, rabies virus. in mice, vsv elicits a rapid and severe t cell-independent encephalitis, indicating that resident glial cells play an important role in the initiation of central nervous system (cns) inflammation. recently, retinoic acid-inducible gene i (rig-i)-like helicases have been shown to function as intracellular pattern recognition receptors for replicative viral rna mot ... | 2008 | 18991139 |
| molecular and geographic analyses of vampire bat-transmitted cattle rabies in central brazil. | vampire bats are important rabies virus vectors, causing critical problems in both the livestock industry and public health sector in latin america. in order to assess the epidemiological characteristics of vampire bat-transmitted rabies, the authors conducted phylogenetic and geographical analyses using sequence data of a large number of cattle rabies isolates collected from a wide geographical area in brazil. | 2008 | 18983685 |
| [who recommended pre-exposure prophylaxis for rabies using japanese rabies vaccine]. | after severe exposure to suspected rabid animal, who recommends a complete vaccine series using a potent effective vaccine that meets who criteria, and administration of rabies immunoglobulin (rig). rig is not available globally, and is not marketed in japan. if pre-exposure prophylaxis for rabies is given, rig is unnecessary even after severe exposure. it is thus important to give pre-exposure prophylaxis for rabies to people who plan to go to rabies-endemic areas. in japan, pre-exposure prophy ... | 2008 | 18975587 |
| antibody seroprevalences against rabies in dogs vaccinated under field conditions in bolivia. | bolivia currently has one of the highest numbers of cases for human and canine rabies and is thus clue to the elimination process. the objective of the present study was to assess antibody seroprevalences against rabies in dogs vaccinated under field conditions and other factors that might influence the success of the on-going rabies control programmes in an endemic area of the disease, santa cruz de la sierra, bolivia. all 240 study animals, selected using area-stratified random sampling, were ... | 2008 | 18975125 |
| neural circuits controlling diaphragm function in the cat revealed by transneuronal tracing. | although a number of studies have considered the neural circuitry that regulates diaphragm activity, these pathways have not been adequately discerned, particularly in animals such as cats that utilize the respiratory muscles during a variety of different behaviors and movements. the present study employed the retrograde transneuronal transport of rabies virus to identify the extended neural pathways that control diaphragm function in felines. in all animals deemed to have successful rabies viru ... | 2009 | 18974365 |
| comparison of suburban vaccine distribution strategies to control raccoon rabies. | helicopters and hand baiting are commonly used to distribute vaccine-laden baits to help control raccoon (procyon lotor) rabies in suburban landscapes, but these techniques may be labor intensive, costly, or unavailable in some areas. we tested conventional baiting strategies against polyvinyl-chloride (pvc) bait stations in erie county (new york, usa) during july and august 2003-05. hand, helicopter, and bait station treatments were randomly assigned to six 25-km(2) suburban study sites. to est ... | 2008 | 18957661 |
| skunk rabies in california (1992-2003)--implications for oral rabies vaccination. | skunk-variant rabies is endemic in california (united states), and the development of oral vaccines and baits to vaccinate skunks is in progress. in 2003, the california department of public health (cdph) began to quantify the impacts of skunk-variant rabies and to assess the feasibility of using oral rabies vaccination (orv) as a containment measure. the cdph rabies case data for skunks were spatially depicted and analyzed using a geographic information system. statewide, rabid skunks (1992-200 ... | 2008 | 18957660 |
| prevalence of tetracycline and rabies virus antibody in raccoons, skunks, and foxes following aerial distribution of v-rg baits to control raccoon rabies in ontario, canada. | more than 3.6 million baits containing a recombinant vaccinia virus-rabies glycoprotein (v-rg) oral rabies vaccine were aerially or hand-distributed during 1999-2006 in an approximate 4,000-9,000 km(2) area of eastern ontario, canada, as part of a multitactic approach to control the raccoon variant of rabies. the efficacy of the program was assessed through the collection and testing of > 6,900 animals for bait acceptance and rabies virus-specific antibodies. raccoon acceptance of rabies vaccine ... | 2008 | 18957651 |
| serologic survey for selected viral pathogens in free-ranging endangered european mink (mustela lutreola) and other mustelids from south-western france. | to investigate the possible role of selected pathogens in the decline of endangered european mink (mustela lutreola) populations and the potential for these pathogens to affect mink survival, a serologic survey was conducted using serum samples collected from march 1996 to march 2003 in eight departments of south-western france. in total, 481 free-ranging individuals of five mustelid species (including the european mink) were tested. sympatric mustelids can serve as sentinels to determine the pr ... | 2008 | 18957635 |
| retraction. tracking the footprints of the rabies virus: are we any closer to decoding this elusive virus? | 2008 | 18955584 | |
| a synthetic peptide encompassing the g5 antigenic region of the rabies virus induces high avidity but poorly neutralizing antibody in immunized animals. | the immunization of goats with a synthetic peptide encompassing the g5 antigenic site of the rabies virus surface glycoprotein induces a strong humoral immune response in the absence of a carrier protein. the immunized animals mounted high antibody titers and showed a strong avidity maturation of the b cell immune response to both the g5-peptide and purified surface glycoprotein g. this antibody weakly neutralized rabies virus carrying the g5 epitope but failed to neutralize escape mutants carry ... | 2008 | 18955098 |
| tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency in human rabies. | rabies is a fatal viral encephalitis characterized by a clinically acute and progressive course. with rare exceptions, there is a discrepancy between clinical outcome and frank histological alterations in rabies. investigators have postulated that rabies virus may modify neurotransmission through occupancy of cellular receptors or alteration of ion channels. we took advantage of these observations to improvise a successful therapy for rabies. the milwaukee protocol ( www.mcw.edu/rabies ) was fur ... | 2009 | 18949578 |
| retrograde tracing with recombinant rabies virus reveals correlations between projection targets and dendritic architecture in layer 5 of mouse barrel cortex. | a recombinant rabies virus was used as a retrograde tracer to allow complete filling of the axonal and dendritic arbors of identified projection neurons in layer 5 of mouse primary somatosensory cortex (s1) in vivo. previous studies have distinguished three types of layer 5 pyramids in s1: tall-tufted, tall-simple, and short. layer 5 pyramidal neurons were retrogradely labeled from several known targets: contralateral s1, superior colliculus, and thalamus. the complete dendritic arbors of labele ... | 2008 | 18946547 |
| interferon-beta expressed by a rabies virus-based hiv-1 vaccine vector serves as a molecular adjuvant and decreases pathogenicity. | type i interferon is important in anti-viral responses and in coordinating the innate immune response. here we explore the use of interferon-beta to adjuvant the response to a rabies virus (rv) vaccine vector expressing both hiv-1 gag and ifn-beta. viral load and immune responses of immunized mice were analyzed over time. our results indicate that the rv expressing ifn-beta (ifn+) is highly attenuated when compared to control rv and demonstrate that the expression of ifn-beta reduces viral repli ... | 2008 | 18945463 |
| a unique substitution at position 333 on the glycoprotein of rabies virus street strains isolated from non-hematophagous bats in brazil. | the amino acid r or k at position 333 on the glycoprotein of the rabies virus is considered necessary for virulence in adult mice. although some exceptions exist, substitution at this position causes expression of a phenotype that is either less pathogenic or non-virulent. to date, such substitutions have only been found in fixed strains of rabies virus. in this study, the authors found 333h, 333n, and 333q substitutions at this position in rabies virus street strains isolated from non-hematopha ... | 2009 | 18941881 |
| efficient post-exposure prophylaxis against rabies by applying a four-dose dna vaccine intranasally. | we tested two post-exposure prophylaxes (peps) for rabies in laboratory animals; one was a traditional antirabies vaccine for humans via intramuscular route (im), and the other was a dna vaccine administered by intranasal route (in). in contrast to the world health organization's recommended five-dose pep, we gave only four doses without hyper-immune antirabies sera, making the pep more rigorous. all animals were challenged with challenge virus strain (cvs); 16h later, pep was applied. all anima ... | 2008 | 18940223 |
| the origin and phylogeography of dog rabies virus. | rabies is a progressively fatal and incurable viral encephalitis caused by a lyssavirus infection. almost all of the 55 000 annual rabies deaths in humans result from infection with dog rabies viruses (rabv). despite the importance of rabies for human health, little is known about the spread of rabv in dog populations, and patterns of biodiversity have only been studied in limited geographical space. to address these questions on a global scale, we sequenced 62 new isolates and performed an exte ... | 2008 | 18931062 |
| [not available]. | 1947 | 18914491 | |
| occurrence of rabies virus in the blood of developing chick embryo. | 1948 | 18884308 | |
| study of fixed rabies virus propagated in the brain of guinea pig fetus. | 1948 | 18881068 | |
| validation of a virus neutralization potency test in bhk-21 cells for rabies immunoglobulins in a two-center study. | a rabies virus neutralization potency test (vnpt), adapted to microplates from the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (rffit) for rabies therapeutic immunoglobulin potency evaluation, was standardized and validated in a two-center study in brazil. the two institutes involved in the study were: instituto nacional de controle de qualidade em saúde (fundação oswaldo cruz) and instituto butantan. two equine rabies immunoglobulin samples, all diluted to 1iu/ml, were tested against the who 2nd ra ... | 2008 | 18851992 |
| a sindbis virus replicon-based dna vaccine encoding the rabies virus glycoprotein elicits immune responses and complete protection in mice from lethal challenge. | a sindbis virus replicon-based dna vaccine encoding rabies virus glycoprotein (g) was developed by subcloning rabies g gene into a sindbis virus replicon-based vaccine vector (palpha). the self-amplification of rna transcripts and translation efficiency of rabies g was analyzed in palpha-rab-g-transfected mammalian cells using rt-pcr, sds-page and western blot analysis. the transfected cells also showed induction of apoptosis which is an important event in the enhancement of immune responses. fu ... | 2008 | 18848857 |
| post-exposure prophylaxis (pep) of rabies-infected indian street dogs. | a rabies post-exposure prophylaxis study was carried out to examine the efficacy of two commercially available rabies vaccines and the efficacy of a 5- or 3-dose vaccination regime. healthy, native breed dogs (n = 40), seronegative for rabies antibody, were challenged intramuscularly with virulent rabies virus brain suspension (10(4.4) mld50) by direct inoculation into the masseter muscle. the dogs were divided into four equal groups and injected intramuscularly with either nobivac rabies (inter ... | 2008 | 18848596 |
| potential effect of prior raccoonpox virus infection in raccoons on vaccinia-based rabies immunization. | the usda, wildlife services cooperative oral rabies vaccination (orv) program uses a live vaccinia virus-vectored (genus orthopoxvirus) vaccine, raboral v-rg (v-rg), to vaccinate specific wildlife species against rabies virus in several regions of the u.s. several naturally occurring orthopoxviruses have been found in north america, including one isolated from asymptomatic raccoons (procyon lotor). the effect of naturally occurring antibodies to orthopoxviruses on successful v-rg vaccination in ... | 2008 | 18834520 |
| importation of dogs into the united states: risks from rabies and other zoonotic diseases. | the importation of dogs into the united states poses a risk for the introduction of rabies and other zoonotic diseases. federal regulations (42 cfr 71.51) currently require proof of valid rabies vaccination for imported dogs, but allow the importation of some unvaccinated dogs, including dogs less than 3 months of age, provided certain requirements for confinement are met until the dog is vaccinated. although there are no accurate surveillance data on the number of dogs imported each year, it is ... | 2008 | 18833595 |
| rabies in a dog imported from iraq--new jersey, june 2008. | rabies vaccination and stray dog control have led to successful control of canine rabies in the united states. the number of rabid dogs reported decreased from approximately 5,000 in 1950 to 79 in 2006, when the canine rabies virus variant associated with dog-to-dog rabies transmission was declared eliminated in the united states. on june 18, 2008, a mixed-breed dog, recently shipped from iraq into the united states, was confirmed to have rabies by the public health and environmental laboratorie ... | 2008 | 18830211 |
| blood-brain barrier changes and cell invasion differ between therapeutic immune clearance of neurotrophic virus and cns autoimmunity. | cns tissues are protected from circulating cells and factors by the blood-brain barrier (bbb), a specialization of the neurovasculature. outcomes of the loss of bbb integrity and cell infiltration into cns tissues can differ vastly. for example, elevated bbb permeability is closely associated with the development of neurological disease in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (eae) but not during clearance of the attenuated rabies virus cvs-f3 from the cns tissues. to probe whether difference ... | 2008 | 18829442 |
| [epizootic situation and measures for control of wild animals' rabies in republic of bashkortostan]. | epizootologic characteristics of rabies incidence in the republic of bashkortostan for the period 1998 - 2006 are presented. districts of bashkortostan are divided on 3 zones according to severity of epizootic situation. three years-cyclicity of rabies incidence with peak during winter was determined. foxes, raccoons, wolves, lynxes, badgers, minks and, during recent years, corsacs are involved into the epizootic chain. main source of rabies in the republic is foxes with share of 91.9% among sic ... | 2008 | 18819417 |
| genetic characterisation of rabies virus isolates in bosnia and herzegovina. | serotyping of five rabies virus isolates with monoclonal anti-nucleoprotein antibodies for classical rabies virus and rabies-related viruses and phylogenetic relationships among sequences indicate that viruses circulating in population of animals in bosnia and herzegovina belong to the sero-genotype 1 of classical rabies virus. phylogenetic relationships among sequences of our viruses have shown the presence of two phylogenetic lines, one which is present in the northwestern part and other which ... | 2008 | 18816256 |
| a pilot study on intradermal vaccination of japanese rabies vaccine for pre-exposure immunization. | japanese rabies vaccine, a purified chick embryo cell vaccine manufactured by kaketsuken (pcec-k), is normally given subcutaneously; however, this requires a large amount of vaccine, and the pre-exposure vaccination regimen requires 6 months to complete. these factors often hamper appropriate vaccination. therefore, we examined whether this vaccine could induce adequate level of viral neutralizing antibody (vna) when vaccinated according to the world health organization (who) intradermal regimen ... | 2008 | 18804510 |
| rabies awareness in eight asian countries. | rabies is a deadly zoonotic disease most often transmitted to humans through a dog bite. human mortality from endemic canine rabies is estimated by who to be around 55,000 deaths annually, with over 31,000 deaths in asia alone, mostly children. most of these deaths could be prevented through post-exposure prophylaxis (pep), including immediate wound washing, rabies immunoglobulin administration and vaccination. unfortunately, at-risk populations are not well-informed of the risk of rabies and wh ... | 2008 | 18804507 |
| immune modulating effect by a phosphoprotein-deleted rabies virus vaccine vector expressing two copies of the rabies virus glycoprotein gene. | the type of immune response induced by a vaccine is a critical factor that determines its effectiveness in preventing infection or disease. inactivated and live rabies virus (rv) vaccine strains elicit an igg1-biased and igg1/igg2a-balanced antibody response, respectively. however, igg2a antibodies are potent inducers of anti-viral effector functions, and therefore, a viral vaccine vector that can elicit an igg2a-biased antibody response may be more effective against rv infection. here we descri ... | 2008 | 18804506 |
| first administration to humans of a monoclonal antibody cocktail against rabies virus: safety, tolerability, and neutralizing activity. | immediate passive immune prophylaxis as part of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (pep) often cannot be provided due to limited availability of human or equine rabies immunoglobulin (hrig and erig, respectively). we report first clinical data from two phase i studies evaluating a monoclonal antibody cocktail cl184 against rabies. the studies included healthy adult subjects in the usa and india and involved two parts. first, subjects received a single intramuscular dose of cl184 or placebo in a do ... | 2008 | 18804136 |
| emergence of dog rabies in the northern region of israel. | between 1979 and 2000, foxes constituted the main reservoir of rabies in the northern regions of israel. following the implementation of the fox-targeted oral vaccination programme (orv) in 1998, rabies was eradicated from this area. subsequently during 2004-2007, the biological and molecular characterization of the rabies isolates showed that stray dogs emerged as the main animal reservoir in northern israel while lower numbers of cases were reported in domestic animals. the virus isolates from ... | 2009 | 18796169 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 2007. | summary: during 2007, 49 states and puerto rico reported 7,258 cases of rabies in animals and 1 case in a human to the cdc, representing a 4.6% increase from the 6,940 cases in animals and 3 cases in humans reported in 2006. approximately 93% of the cases were in wildlife, and 7% were in domestic animals. relative contributions by the major animal groups were as follows: 2,659 raccoons (36.6%), 1,973 bats (27.2%), 1,478 skunks (20.4%), 489 foxes (6.7%), 274 cats (3.8%), 93 dogs (1.3%), and 57 ca ... | 2008 | 18795848 |
| selenium supplementation and rabies antibody titres in cattle. | 2008 | 18791215 | |
| [study on the characteristics and typing of rabies pathogen]. | 2008 | 18788535 | |
| prenatal activation of 5-ht2a receptor induces expression of 5-ht1b receptor in phrenic motoneurons and alters the organization of their premotor network in newborn mice. | in newborn mice of the control [c3h/hej (c3h)] and monoamine oxidase a-deficient (tg8) strains, in which levels of endogenous serotonin (5-ht) were drastically increased, we investigated how 5-ht system dysregulation affected the maturation of phrenic motoneurons (phmns), which innervate the diaphragm. first, using immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy, we observed a 5-ht(2a) receptor (5-ht(2a)-r) expression in phmns of both c3h and tg8 neonates at the somatic and dendritic levels, whereas ... | 2008 | 18783379 |
| a reassessment of the emergence time of european bat lyssavirus type 1. | the previous study of the evolutionary rates of european bat lyssavirus type 1 (eblv-1) used a strict molecular clock to estimate substitution rates of the nucleoprotein gene and in turn times of the most recent common ancestor (tmrca) of the entire genotype and the two major eblv-1 lineages (eblv-1a and eblv-1b). the results of that study suggested that the evolutionary rate of eblv-1 was one of the lowest recorded for rna viruses and that genetic diversity of eblv-1 arose 500-750 years ago. he ... | 2008 | 18773973 |
| risk-based cost modelling of oral rabies vaccine interventions for raccoon rabies. | distribution of oral rabies vaccine (orv) is an effective but costly strategy to control raccoon rabies. because of high costs, orv for raccoon rabies in the u.s. has been limited primarily to epizootic areas, leaving extensive raccoon rabies regions without any orv intervention. several cost scenarios for orv application in raccoon rabies enzootic and epizootic regions were modelled in new york state to obtain estimated costs of orv baits per scenario and potential savings compared with a unifo ... | 2009 | 18771519 |
| inactivation of a turkey herpesvirus by ultra-violet light. | the sensitivity to inactivation by ultraviolet light of the pb 1 strain of herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) was determined and compared with the relative sensitivity of pseudo-rabies virus (prv), another member of the herpesvirus group. hvt (pb1) was 6.3 times more resistant than prv when assayed in chick embryo fibroblasts. the survival curve of hvt (strain pb1) had one component and the survival curve of prv had two components. survival curves of hvt and prv in chick embryo fibroblasts treated wit ... | 1979 | 18770421 |
| identification of a rabid dog illegally introduced from the republic of the gambia to belgium and france. | 2008 | 18768134 | |
| [rabies in a cat in greenland]. | we describe the first case of rabies diagnosed in a cat in greenland. the cat showed aggressive behaviour one month after the visit of a rabid fox on the premises. rabies is enzootic in greenland, the arctic fox being the natural host of rabies virus. cats are imported in increasing numbers to greenland and the reported case stresses the need for concern in relation to a hitherto unrecognised risk of exposure to rabies virus and stresses the need to comply with the obligatory anti-rabies vaccina ... | 2008 | 18761847 |
| vaccinating the vampire bat desmodus rotundus against rabies. | the objective of this study was to extend the previous work of indirect oral rabies immunization of vampire bats (desmodus rotundus) maintained in captivity, which demonstrated the immunogenicity of the v-rg vaccine (vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein) and indicated that although the results had been encouraging, a new method for concentrating the vaccine should be tested in order to avoid vaccine loss and increase the survival proportion of bats after rabies challenge. in this study, three groups of ... | 2008 | 18761044 |
| adaptive modeling of viral diseases in bats with a focus on rabies. | many emerging and reemerging viruses, such as rabies, sars, marburg, and ebola have bat populations as disease reservoirs. understanding the spillover from bats to humans and other animals, and the associated health risks requires an analysis of the disease dynamics in bat populations. traditional compartmental epizootic models, which are relatively easy to implement and analyze, usually impose unrealistic aggregation assumptions about disease-related structure and depend on parameters that freq ... | 2008 | 18761020 |
| investigating antibody neutralization of lyssaviruses using lentiviral pseudotypes: a cross-species comparison. | cross-neutralization between rabies virus (rabv) and two european bat lyssaviruses (eblv-1 and -2) was analysed using lentiviral pseudotypes as antigen vectors. glycoprotein (g-protein) cdna from rabv challenge virus standard-11 (cvs-11) and eblv-1 and -2 were cloned and co-expressed with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) or murine leukemia virus (mlv) gag-pol and packageable green fluorescent protein (gfp) or luciferase reporter genes in human cells. the harvested lentiviral (hiv) vector infec ... | 2008 | 18753230 |
| efficacy and safety of a live canine adenovirus-vectored rabies virus vaccine in swine. | rabies infections in swine have been reported occasionally in recent years in certain geographic locations. although a protective vaccine consisting of inactivated rabies virus is available for use in swine, searching for a more economically viable formulation for use in developing countries is always a priority. this work describes the testing of a canine adenovirus that expresses a rabies viral epitope (cav-2-e3delta-rgp) in a porcine rabies model. the data presented here show that the recombi ... | 2008 | 18721839 |
| [morphological comparison of rabies viral particles before and after rejuvenation in suckling mice and morphogenesis of the rejuvenated virus in cells]. | to observe the morphological recovery of rabies virus strain srv 9 after rejuvenation in suckling mice and to study its morphogenesis in bhk-21 cells. | 2008 | 18720852 |
| mapping the oculomotor system. | over the last three decades and together with bernard cohen, volker henn, ulrich büttner, and anja horn, it has been possible to morphologically identify several functional cell groups in the oculomotor system: the medium-sized horizontal excitatory and inhibitory burst neurons (ebns, ibns) in the paramedian pontine reticular formation (pprf), the more sparsely scattered vertical ebns in the rostral interstitial nucleus of the mlf (rimlf), and the typically elongated omnipause neurons (opns) in ... | 2008 | 18718275 |
| heminested reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (hnrt-pcr) as a tool for rabies virus detection in stored and decomposed samples. | the use of methods, both sensitive and specific, for rabies diagnosis are important tools for the control and prophylaxis of the disease. reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) has been used in rabies diagnosis with good results, even in decomposed materials. additionally, molecular techniques have been used for epidemiological studies and to gain a better knowledge of viral epidemiology. | 2008 | 18710536 |
| a study on the seroconversion in dogs vaccinated with cell culture rabies vaccine. | seroconversion studies were conducted in dogs vaccinated with rabies vaccine, of different age group, sex and breed, with a single and booster doses of cell culture rabies vaccine. the results of the present study revealed that (i) maternal antibodies were detected in 40% to 80% of 60 selected pet dogs. however 20% to 60% of the pet dogs did not have protective levels of antibody (<0.5iu). (ii) a single dose of vaccine resulted in appreciable levels of protective antibody in 100% of pet dogs bot ... | 2007 | 18697580 |
| experimental rabies virus infection of big brown bats (eptesicus fuscus). | a captive colony of adult big brown bats (eptesicus fuscus) was experimentally infected with a rabies virus (rabv) variant isolated from the salivary glands of a naturally infected big brown bat and passaged once through murine neuroblastoma cell culture. bats were divided into 11 groups, which were composed of one to three noninfected and one to three infected individuals each. twenty of 38 animals were infected intramuscularly into both left and right masseter muscles; they received a total of ... | 2008 | 18689646 |
| oral rabies vaccination of a northern ohio raccoon population: relevance of population density and prebait serology. | ohio's oral rabies vaccination (orv) program was established to prevent the westward spread of the raccoon (procyon lotor) rabies virus (lyssavirus, rhabdoviridae) in ohio, usa. the program, which targets raccoons, distributes vaccine-bait units (vbu) at a target density of 75 units/km2. few studies have examined the relationship of vbu density and target population density to the prevalence of rabies virus-neutralizing antibodies (rvna). we conducted experimental vbu distributions in august 200 ... | 2008 | 18689640 |
| [sequencing and analysis of the complete genome of a rabies virus isolate from sika deer]. | one drv strain was isolated from sika deer brain and sequenced. nine overlapped gene fragments were amplified by rt-pcr through 3'-race and 5'-race method, and the complete drv genome sequence was assembled. the length of the complete genome is 11863bp. the drv genome organization was similar to other rabies viruses which were composed of five genes and the initiation sites and termination sites were highly conservative. there were mutated amino acids in important antigen sites of nucleoprotein ... | 2008 | 18683561 |
| [the influence of the fr-1 in heavy chain (vh) of antibodies on antibody secretion]. | the n-terminal segment (fr-1) of the heavy chain (vh) of antibodies may have a great impact on igg secretion in escherichia coli and other hosts. decrease in secretion may be caused by a single amino acid change in the framework region. to investigate the high antibody expression in mammalian cells, we designed the site-directed mutagenesis of the fr-i of the pcmv-rv/vh gene,which expressed the immunoglobulin heavy chain of human anti-rabies virus antibody. mutating glu (h6) to gln could improve ... | 2008 | 18683552 |
| an immunogenicity, safety and post-marketing surveillance of a novel adsorbed human diploid cell rabies vaccine (rabivax) in indian subjects. | in 1999, serum institute of india indigenously developed an adsorbed human diploid cell rabies vaccine (rabivax). during 2000-04, this new vaccine was subjected to a series of immunogenecity and safety studies. initially, an experimental batch of rabivax (adsorbed) was assessed on ten healthy adult volunteers and its response was comparable with that of merieux inactivated rabies vaccine (mirv, lyophilized) which was used as a control. subsequently, rabivax (adsorbed) was assessed on forty-five ... | 2008 | 18682695 |
| ppey motif within the rabies virus (rv) matrix protein is essential for efficient virion release and rv pathogenicity. | late (l) domains containing the highly conserved sequence ppxy were first described for retroviruses, and later research confirmed their conservation and importance for efficient budding of several negative-stranded rna viruses. rabies virus (rv), a member of the rhabdoviridae family, contains the sequence ppey (amino acids 35 to 38) within the n terminus of the matrix (m) protein, but the functions of this potential l-domain in the viral life cycle, viral pathogenicity, and immunogenicity have ... | 2008 | 18667490 |
| multiple cerebellar zones are involved in the control of individual muscles: a retrograde transneuronal tracing study with rabies virus in the rat. | to identify cerebellar regions that are involved in the control of limb muscles, rabies virus was injected into the tibialis anterior (ta), the gastrocnemius (gc) or, for comparison, into the flexor digitorum (fd) muscles of the rat. progression of retrograde transneuronal infection at supraspinal levels was assessed after variable time spans and was divided into three groups. initially, infected neurons were observed in the reticular formation, lateral vestibular nucleus, red nucleus and motor ... | 2008 | 18662342 |
| rabies. | rabies remains an important public health problem in developing countries, and the indigenous threat of rabies continues in developed countries because of wildlife reservoirs. a diagnosis of rabies is often not considered by physicians until late in the clinical course or after death in north america and europe, even with typical clinical presentations. transmission of rabies virus has occurred in association with transplantation of tissues and also recently with organs. in 2004 a young patient ... | 2008 | 18657723 |
| solution structure of the c-terminal nucleoprotein-rna binding domain of the vesicular stomatitis virus phosphoprotein. | beyond common features in their genome organization and replication mechanisms, the evolutionary relationships among viruses of the rhabdoviridae family are difficult to decipher because of the great variability in the amino acid sequence of their proteins. the phosphoprotein (p) of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) is an essential component of the rna transcription and replication machinery; in particular, it contains binding sites for the rna-dependent rna polymerase and for the nucleoprotein. ... | 2008 | 18657547 |