Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| n-acetylneuraminic acid plays a critical role for the haemagglutinating activity of avian infectious bronchitis virus and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus. | porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) was found to resemble avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) in its interaction with erythrocytes. inactivation of the receptors on erythrocytes by neuraminidase treatment and restoration of receptors by reattaching n-acetylneuraminic acid (neu5ac) to cell surface components indicated that alpha 2,3-linked neu5ac serves as a receptor determinant for tgev as has been reported recently for ibv. similar to ibv, the haemagglutinating activity of tg ... | 1993 | 8209748 |
| molecular mimicry between s peplomer proteins of coronaviruses (mhv, bcv, tgev and ibv) and fc receptor. | in previous studies we have demonstrated molecular mimicry between the s peplomer protein of mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) and fc gamma receptor (fc gamma r) of igg. rabbit igg, but not its f(ab')2 fragments, monoclonal rat and mouse igg and the rat 2.4g2 anti-mouse fc gamma r monoclonal antibody (mab) immunoprecipitated natural and recombinant mhv s protein. on the basis of a number of criteria, mhv s peplomer protein exhibits fc igg binding ability. we report here a molecular mimicry between the ... | 1993 | 8209728 |
| analysis of messenger rna within virions of ibv. | the presence of subgenomic mrnas (sgrnas) in virions of infectious bronchitis virus was examined by probing northern blots of rna extracted from virions using as a probe a cdna of the 3'-terminal nucleocapsid protein (n) gene. the sgrnas were readily detected even after extensive purification of virions and after rnase a treatment of virions. the molar ratio of grna to each sgrna was in the range 25 to 400 for ibv-m41 and 10 to 30 for ibv-beaudette. after comparison with the molar ratios of geno ... | 1993 | 8209718 |
| cellular response of the respiratory tract of chickens to infection with massachusetts 41 and australian t infectious bronchitis viruses. | cellular response of chickens to infection with infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) was investigated by lavage of the respiratory tract of five 2-week-old specific-pathogen-free (spf) chickens at 2, 8, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours postinfection (pi) with either massachusetts 41 (ibv-m41) or australian t (ibv-t) ibv. tissue response was monitored by microscopic examination of trachea and lung from five non-lavaged infected chickens collected at the same intervals. the total number of cells recovered by ... | 1993 | 8141754 |
| coronavirus immunogens. | coronaviruses (cv) infect a variety of livestock, poultry and companion animals. they belong to at least five antigenic groups. cv cause localized infections of the respiratory and/or intestinal tracts, with the exception of feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) and hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis (hev) which cause systemic infections. the enteropathogenic cv infect the villous enterocytes resulting in villous atrophy leading to malabsorptive diarrhea. several cv (bovine cv-bcv, porcine ... | 1993 | 8116187 |
| differentiation of infectious bronchitis virus serotypes using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis were used to differentiate between serotypes of several infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) strains. a sequence of 1720 base pairs (bp) that contains the s1 glycoprotein gene of ibv was amplified by pcr, purified, and digested with restriction enzymes. eleven reference ibv strains were grouped according to the rflp patterns. the ibv holte, arkansas dpi, se 17, md 27, and iowa 97 strains could be differenti ... | 1993 | 8095782 |
| coronavirus m proteins accumulate in the golgi complex beyond the site of virion budding. | the prevailing hypothesis is that the intracellular site of budding of coronaviruses is determined by the localization of its membrane protein m (previously called e1). we tested this by analyzing the site of budding of four different coronaviruses in relation to the intracellular localization of their m proteins. mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) and infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) grown in sac(-) cells, and feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) g ... | 1994 | 8083990 |
| pseudoknot-dependent read-through of retroviral gag termination codons: importance of sequences in the spacer and loop 2. | retroviruses whose gag and pol genes are in the same reading frame depend upon approximately 5% read-through of the gag uag termination codon to make the gag-pol polyprotein. for murine leukemia virus, this read-through is dependent on a pseudoknot located eight nucleotides 3' of the uag. other retroviruses whose gag and pol genes are in the same frame can potentially form similar pseudoknots 3' of their uag codons. beyond the similar secondary structures, there is strong sequence conservation i ... | 1994 | 8076609 |
| a 100-kilodalton polypeptide encoded by open reading frame (orf) 1b of the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus is processed by orf 1a products. | the genome-length mrna (mrna 1) of the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) contains two large open reading frames (orfs), 1a and 1b, with the potential to encode polypeptides of 441 and 300 kda, respectively. the downstream orf, orf 1b, is expressed by a ribosomal frameshifting mechanism. in an effort to detect viral polypeptides encoded by orf 1b in virus-infected cells, immunoprecipitations were carried out with a panel of region-specific antisera. a polypeptide of approximately 100 ... | 1994 | 8057459 |
| characterization of a replicating and packaged defective rna of avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. | the beaudette strain of ibv was passaged 16 times in chick kidney cells. total cellular rna was analyzed by northern hybridization and was probed with 32p-labeled cdna probes corresponding to the first 2 kb of the 5' end of the genome, but excluding the leader, and to the last 1.8 kb of the 3' end of the genome. a new, defective ibv rna species (cd-91) was detected at passage 6. the defective rna, present in total cell extract rna and in oligo-(dt)30-selected rna from passage 15, was amplified b ... | 1994 | 8053152 |
| coronavirus polyprotein processing. | mhv gene 1 contains two orfs in different reading frames. translation proceeds through orf 1a into orf 1b via a translational frame-shift. orf 1a potentially encodes three protease activities, two papain-like activities and one poliovirus 3c-like activity. of the three predicted activities, only the more amino terminal papain-like domain has been demonstrated to have protease activity. orf 1a polypeptides have been detected in infected cells by the use of antibodies. the order of polypeptides en ... | 1994 | 8032266 |
| mouse hepatitis virus gene 5b protein is a new virion envelope protein. | highly purified radiolabeled mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) a59 contained a previously overlooked protein which coelectrophoreses with the gene 5b product immunoprecipitated from infected cells. the gene 5b protein is post-translationally acylated. rabbit antibody raised against a recombinant gene 5b protein expressed in escherichia coli neutralized viral infectivity in the presence of complement, although not in the absence of complement. immunofluorescent staining of mhv-infected cells with two a ... | 1994 | 8030202 |
| a 'novel' infectious bronchitis strain infecting broiler chickens in italy. | an outbreak of severe respiratory disease in flocks of broiler chickens was associated with the isolation of a 'novel' strain of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). the isolate, designated 624/i, was isolated from 9 of the 11 flocks sampled. the results of cross neutralisation and haemagglutination-inhibition tests showed isolate 624/i to be antigenically distinct from several european and american strains. in a serological survey carried out on affected flocks, specific antibodies to ibv strain ... | 1994 | 7985434 |
| the s1 glycoprotein but not the n or m proteins of avian infectious bronchitis virus induces protection in vaccinated chickens. | the s1, n and m proteins, obtained from the nephropathogenic n1/62 strain of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) by immunoaffinity purification with monoclonal antibodies, were used for immunization of chickens. for all three antigens multiple immunizations were necessary for induction of an antibody response. protection of chickens vaccinated with the s1 glycoprotein against virulent challenge was demonstrated by the complete absence of virus in tracheas and kidneys of vaccinated chickens. follow ... | 1994 | 7980002 |
| effect of mixed live vaccine (newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis) and mycoplasma gallisepticum on the chicken respiratory tract and on escherichia coli infection. | interaction between mixed live vaccine (newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis), mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) and escherichia coli (ec) was studied in specific-pathogen-free chickens, aged 7 days, inoculated intranasally. in the tracheas of chickens inoculated with vaccine, mg and ec, profuse multiplication of ec occurred together with severe and persisent histological lesions, and some birds died from ec infection. similar though less dramatic effects occurred in birds that received vacci ... | 1994 | 7962725 |
| effect of nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis viruses on renal function in young male broiler chickens. | 1. the acute effects of challenge with australian t-strain infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) on renal function were evaluated, following primary vaccination in 1-d-old male broilers. 2. challenge with t-strain ibv decreased body weight and induced kidney hypertrophy and kidney asymmetry. 3. haematocrit was reduced in birds challenged with the australian t-strain ibv and plasma uric acid was elevated in unvaccinated birds exposed to the ibv challenge. 4. challenge with t-strain ibv caused signifi ... | 1994 | 7953788 |
| comparison of the susceptibility of chicks of different ages to infection with nephrosis/nephritis-causing strain of infectious bronchitis virus. | two- and 6-week-old chicks were inoculated with the kagoshima-34 strain of avian infectious bronchitis virus. serum, bile, harderian gland, lachrymal fluid, saliva and tracheal washings were collected and their antibody content determined using neutralisation tests. the neutralising antibody (na) in the serum and bile was detected earlier and in slightly higher concentration in the 6-week-old chicks. although there was no marked difference in the levels of na in other body fluids, it was detecte ... | 1994 | 7948371 |
| experimental infection with avian infectious bronchitis virus (kagoshima-34 strain) in chicks at different ages. | chicks at 2, 4 or 6 weeks of age were experimentally infected individually with a nephrosis/nephritis-causing avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) strain kagoshima-34. the susceptibility of chicks in each group to the infection was compared, based on the clinical signs, excretion of virus in the faeces and antibody titres in the serum. the results showed that although all chicks appeared to be susceptible to ibv infection, the most severe clinical response was observed following infection at ... | 1994 | 7948370 |
| evolutionary implications of genetic variations in the s1 gene of infectious bronchitis virus. | the large number of phenotypically distinct strains of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) provide a broad genetic background for examining naturally occurring coronavirus variation. comparisons of the published nucleotide sequence of s1 genes of strains isolated in europe, japan and the usa and four additional american strains described in this report identified 4 genetically distinct groups. the dutch group was the most divergent sharing only about 60% identity with the american, mass and europe ... | 1994 | 7856318 |
| complete sequence (20 kilobases) of the polyprotein-encoding gene 1 of transmissible gastroenteritis virus. | the entire nucleotide sequence of cloned cdnas containing the 5'-untranslated region and gene 1 of purdue-115 strain of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) was determined. this completes the sequence of the tgev genome, which is 28,579 nucleotides long. the gene 1 is composed of two large open reading frames, orf1a and orf1b, which contain 4017 and 2698 codons, respectively (stop excluded). a brief, three-codon-long orf is present upstream of orf1a. orf1b overlaps orf1a by 43 bases in the ... | 1995 | 7856095 |
| diseases and management of backyard chicken flocks in chitungwiza, zimbabwe. | to gather information on backyard chicken flocks in chitungwiza, an urban center in zimbabwe, 85 flock owners were interviewed. the mean flock size was 53 birds (range 1-650), and most birds were kept for meat, for either domestic consumption or local sale. mean age at slaughter was 12.4 weeks (range 8-24). none of the owners vaccinated their birds, and reported mortality rates were high (mean 25%), most commonly being associated with diseases causing eye and respiratory problems. most owners co ... | 1994 | 7832719 |
| a serosurvey using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies against poultry pathogens in ostriches (struthio camelus) from zimbabwe. | horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-ostrich igg was raised and used in commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits to detect antibodies reactive with 11 poultry pathogens in sera from 149 ostriches from nine farms around zimbabwe. antibodies were detected to turkey rhinotracheitis virus (99%), newcastle disease virus (23%), avian reovirus (19%), infectious bursal disease virus (15%), avian encephalomyelitis virus (15%), mycoplasma gallisepticum and/or m. synoviae (11%), reticuloend ... | 1994 | 7832718 |
| in vivo evaluation of the pathogenicity of field isolates of infectious bronchitis virus. | the pathogenicity of 13 field isolates of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) isolated from georgia broiler farms from 1989 to 1992 was evaluated using the ibv and escherichia coli mixed-infection model. based on the clinical signs, mortality, and lesions, the isolates were classified as high, intermediate, and low in pathogenicity. the in vivo classification was compared with the serotype classification results obtained by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment lengt ... | 1994 | 7832713 |
| the effect of microaerosolized hydrogen peroxide on bacterial and viral poultry pathogens. | the effect of microaerosolized h2o2 on bacterial and viral poultry pathogens was investigated. bacterial cultures and viruses were dried on sterile glass petri dishes and subjected to direct and indirect 5% (h2o2) microaerosol mist. in the trials using escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus, there was complete inactivation following exposure to h2o2. using salmonella typhimurium, indirect exposure resulted in only partial inactivation whereas direct exposure to h2o2 gave complete inactivatio ... | 1994 | 7816725 |
| characterisation and mutational analysis of an orf 1a-encoding proteinase domain responsible for proteolytic processing of the infectious bronchitis virus 1a/1b polyprotein. | coronavirus gene expression involves proteolytic processing of the mrna 1-encoded polyproteins by viral and cellular proteinases. recently, we have demonstrated that an orf 1b-encoded 100-kda protein is proteolytically cleaved from the 1a/1b fusion polyprotein by a viral-specific proteinase of the picornavirus 3c proteinase group (3c-like proteinase). in this report, the 3c-like proteinase has been further analysed by internal deletion of a 2.3-kb fragment between the 3c-like proteinase-encoding ... | 1995 | 7778277 |
| differential diagnosis of infectious laryngotracheitis from other avian respiratory diseases by a simplified pcr procedure. | a simple polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based procedure was developed for the detection of avian infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv) in chicken trachea, chorio-allantoic membrane (cam), infected hepatoma cells and infectious cell culture supernatant. samples were prepared by dilution in distilled water. after boiling and low speed centrifugation, samples were used for pcr analysis with two primers without special labeling. the pcr analysis for ilt virus could be completed in less than 8 h ... | 1994 | 7714054 |
| a novel variant of avian infectious bronchitis virus resulting from recombination among three different strains. | an antigenic variant of avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), a coronavirus, was isolated and characterized. this strain, cu-t2, possesses a number of unusual features, which have not been previously observed in ibv. the s1 glycoprotein of cu-t2 carries virus-neutralizing and serotype-specific epitopes of two ibv serotypes, arkansas (ark) and massachusetts (mass). sequence analysis revealed that the virus, originally an ark serotype, has acquired the mass-specific epitope by mutation(s). this ... | 1995 | 7710354 |
| preliminary studies of primary ostrich fibroblasts for the isolation of ratite viruses. | an ostrich egg at 21 days of development was used to propagate primary embryo cell cultures. primary cultures of skeletal muscle cells (for fibroblasts) were prepared by routine typsinization techniques. the ostrich embryo fibroblasts were tested for their ability to propagate stock avian viruses of infectious bronchitis virus, paramyxiovirus-1 (pmv-1), pmv-2, pmv-3, infectious bursal disease virus, quail bronchitis virus, avian reovirus, turkey coronavirus, and two ostrich-originating specimens ... | 1994 | 7702522 |
| influence of site of inoculation of inactivated vaccines of the immune response in chickens. | commercial caged laying chickens were primed with live newcastle disease/infectious bronchitis (nd/ib) combined vaccines by spray method at 2, 5, and 9 weeks of age. at 16 weeks of age, birds were inoculated with inactivated nd/1b combined vaccines either intramuscularly, in the breast, wing, or thigh, or subcutaneously, at the back of the neck. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure serum antibodies to nd virus and ib virus in experimental chickens before injection and every 8 ... | 1994 | 7702520 |
| effects of modified-live infectious bronchitis virus vaccines on the head-associated lymphoid tissue (halt). | specific-pathogen-free (spf) leghorn chicks were inoculated with different modified-live infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) vaccines to determine if the vaccines interfered with immune competence of the head region. a total of 16 vaccines were evaluated comprising nine massachusetts, three arkansas, two holland, one florida, and one combination vaccine (containing both connecticut and massachusetts). chicks were vaccinated when they were 4 weeks, 2 weeks, or 1 day of age. when all chickens were 4 ... | 1994 | 7702519 |
| avian infectious bronchitis: specific lachrymal iga level and resistance against challenge. | since circulating antibody titres against infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) often correlate poorly with protection against re-infection, the lachrymal specific iga level of ibv vaccinated chickens was evaluated as an indicator of resistance against challenge. for this purpose, the post-vaccination (pv) ibv specific lachrymal iga response was monitored in 30 chickens at 3-day intervals until a rise of this specific isotype was detected. on day 19 pv, all birds (vaccinated group and non-vaccinated ... | 1994 | 7701859 |
| measurement of antibody titer to fowl pox virus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | the usefulness of the measurement of antibody titer to fowl pox virus (fpv) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was evaluated in spf chickens with or without inoculation with fpv. the optimum concentration of purified antigen was 10 micrograms/ml of protein. the absorbance at 492 nm was less than 0.10 in the chickens negative to fpv from 1 to 63 days old. by contrast, a higher titer was detected in spf chickens with various fpvs inoculated into the wing web than in non-inoculated chicke ... | 1994 | 7696418 |
| bordetella avium: an opportunistic pathogen in leghorn chickens. | experiments were conducted in order to produce bordetellosis in specific-pathogen-free (spf) leghorn chickens. in the first and second of three experiments, young turkeys and chickens, respectively, were allotted into groups and challenged at 2 weeks of age with one of seven different isolates of bordetella avium and two isolates of b. avium-like bacteria. isolates of b. avium with the smooth colony type were pathogenic in turkeys but not in chickens. the b. avium-like bacteria and b. avium isol ... | 1995 | 7677659 |
| avian infectious bronchitis virus: differences between 793/b and other strains. | 1995 | 7660563 | |
| comparison of immunity and resistance to diseases in male and female poultry breeders in lebanon. | the immune responses following vaccination and resistance to diseases were compared in male and female meat poultry breeders of the same flock. female poultry breeders maintained antibody titres to newcastle disease virus and infectious bronchitis virus up to the fifty-fifth day following vaccination, whereas those of the males declined significantly over the same period of time (p < 0.05). in the same flock, outbreaks of gumboro disease (60 to 62 days of age), coccidiosis (68 to 74 days of age) ... | 1995 | 7652940 |
| molecular cloning and sequence comparison of the s1 glycoprotein of the gray and jmk strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus. | the nucleotide sequences of s1 glycoprotein genes of the gray and jmk strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) were determined and compared with published sequences for ibv. the ibv gray and jmk strains had 99% nucleotide sequence similarity. the overall nucleotide sequence similarity of the gray and jmk strains compared with other ibv strains was between 82.0% and 87.4%. the similarity of the predicted amino acid sequence for the s1 glycoproteins of the gray and jmk strains was 98.8%. ... | 1995 | 7597801 |
| epitopes on the spike protein of a nephropathogenic strain of infectious bronchitis virus. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), the first coronavirus described, was initially associated with severe respiratory disease. however, outbreaks have more recently also been associated with nephropathogenesis. topographically interrelated antigenic determinants of the nephropathogenic gray strain of ibv were characterized using eleven monoclonal antibodies (mabs). four mabs (igg 2a kappa) defined epitopes that were both conformation-independent and group specific, reacting with gray, arkansas (a ... | 1993 | 7504916 |
| molecular mimicry between fc receptors and viral antigens. | molecular mimicry has been characterized as the presence of common epitopes, either linear or conformational, shared by host and microbial determinants. such cross-reactivity may lead to an autoimmune disease. on the other hand molecular mimicry between certain viral proteins and host determinant may protect invading virus to be eliminated by immune system and may promote persistence. in this mini-review i discuss the molecular mimicry of s peplomer protein of mouse hepatitis virus, strain jhm ( ... | 1994 | 7503651 |
| experimental evidence of recombination in coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. | embryonated eggs were coinfected with two strains of the coronavirus avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), ibv-beaudette and ibv-m41, to investigate whether recombination between the two strains would occur. virions were isolated from the allantoic fluid of the coinfected eggs and putative hybrid rnas were detected by polymerase chain reaction (pcr), using strain-specific oligonucleotides. pcr products, of the expected sizes, were obtained as predicted from potential recombination events betw ... | 1995 | 7491781 |
| characterization of a feline infectious peritonitis virus isolate. | a virus isolated in cell culture from the spleen of a cat with feline infectious peritonitis was identified by physicochemical, morphological and antigenic criteria as a coronavirus. the feline infectious peritonitis virus was compared in vitro with canine coronavirus, a reported enteric pathogen of dogs. the feline isolate was characterized, by chloroform sensitivity and resistance to 5-iododeoxyuridine, respectively, as containing essential lipid and an rna genome. other traits of the isolate ... | 1981 | 7467085 |
| lymphoid organ and serologic responses of gnotobiotic and conventional chickens to infectious bronchitis virus and mixed infections of mycoplasma synoviae and escherichia coli. | 1980 | 7009048 | |
| evaluation of inactivated mycoplasma gallisepticum oil-emulsion bacterins for protection against airsacculitis in broilers. | broiler chicks were vaccinated subcutaneously in the neck at various ages with a single 0.5-ml dose of beta-propiolactone-inactivated mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) oil-emulsion bacterin. four weeks later, vaccinated and control chicks were placed in cold environmental cabinets, infected with infectious bronchitis virus intratracheally, and 2 days later challenged by aerosol exposure to live mg broth culture. all chicks were killed 21 days later and scored postmortem for the rate and severity of ... | 1984 | 6721795 |
| comparison of a microneutralisation test with elisa and precipitin tests for detection of antibodies to infectious bronchitis virus in chickens. | a microneutralisation test for infectious bronchitis virus using virus antigens available in australia, cell culture medium containing low concentrations of serum and an elevated incubation temperature is described. the technique was economical on reagents and of comparable sensitivity to the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the value of the microneutralisation, elisa and precipitin tests in assessing the serological response of a flock of commercial chickens to vaccine and natural vir ... | 1983 | 6347166 |
| modification of three avian viruses passaged in chinese hamster lung cells (don) in pathogenicity to chicken embryo. | the beaudette 42 strain of avian infectious bronchitis virus, sato strain of newcastle disease virus, and uchida strain of avian reovirus were passaged in chinese hamster lung cells (don), and some properties were examined. the don-passaged strains showed a difference in replication in don and chicken embryo kidney cells in one-step growth curve examinations and a partial modification in pathogenicity to chicken embryos; nevertheless, neutralization tests revealed no serological alteration. | 1984 | 6331368 |
| observations on the preparation and stability of infectious bronchitis virus hemagglutination antigen from virus propagated in chicken embryos and chicken kidney cell cultures. | a total of 166 infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) hemagglutination (ha) antigen preparations were made during a 30-month period from allanto-amnionic fluid (aaf) from chicken embryos inoculated with 10 different ibv strains (mass 41, conn 46, h52, florida 18288, ark 99, jmk, t, holte, ef, se17). antigens were prepared by inoculating 9- or 10-day-old embryos with 10(5.0) to 10(6.5) eid50 ibv, harvesting aaf after a 30-hour-postinoculation incubation, and phospholipase c (plc) treatment of virus co ... | 1984 | 6331366 |
| influence of mycoplasma gallisepticum, infectious bronchitis, and cyclophosphamide on chickens protected by native intestinal microflora against salmonella typhimurium or escherichia coli. | chickens that have considerable resistance to salmonella typhimurium or escherichia coli infection by early development of a native intestinal microflora shed these bacteria following aerosol exposure to mycoplasma gallisepticum and/or infectious bronchitis virus. administration of cyclophosphamide to similarly treated chickens induced slight shedding of these bacteria, and the combination of cyclophosphamide and respiratory agents magnified the shedding rate. these agents also influenced the is ... | 1984 | 6331365 |
| increased incidence of airsacculitis in broilers infected with mycoplasma synoviae and chicken-passaged infectious bronchitis vaccine virus. | infectious bronchitis vaccine virus is thought to cycle (i.e., pass from vaccine-virus-infected to susceptible chickens) in commercial broiler and pullet flocks. to simulate the effect of this cycling, mild infectious bronchitis vaccine virus was passaged in chickens serially six times. this sixth passage virus was used to infect chickens, which were then exposed to a moderately cold environment of 10 +/- 2 c and to mycoplasma synoviae. in two separate experiments, the chicken-passaged vaccine v ... | 1984 | 6331363 |
| structural characterization of ibv glycoproteins. | 1984 | 6331130 | |
| dna sequencing studies of genomic cdna clones of avian infectious bronchitis virus. | 1984 | 6331112 | |
| organization of the ibv genome. | 1984 | 6331104 | |
| the effect on egg production of layers after vaccination with an inactivated infectious bronchitis (ib) oil emulsion vaccine on a multi-age layer farm in papua new guinea. | 1984 | 6329626 | |
| further studies on the immunization of chickens with temperature-sensitive mycoplasma gallisepticum mutant. | newly hatched chickens were immunized with a temperature-sensitive (ts) mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) mutant (ts 100). immunized chickens resisted challenge with the virulent s6 strain. the dose of ts mg needed for protection was less than 3.3 x 10(4) colony-forming units. after immunization with ts 100, chickens were subjected to a variety of virus infection and immunosuppressive treatments. neonatal bursectomy or thymectomy, infectious bursal disease virus infection, and infectious bronchitis ... | 1984 | 6326734 |
| rapid serological profiling by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. iii. simultaneous measurements of antibody titers to infectious bronchitis, infectious bursal disease, and newcastle disease viruses in a single serum dilution. | the present paper describes a method for measuring enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) antibody titers to infectious bronchitis (ib), infectious bursal disease (ibd), and newcastle disease (nd) viruses from a single serum dilution using the same assay procedures and analyses. a regression line equation generated for predicting ndv elisa antibody titers at a single serum dilution was successfully used to predict elisa antibody titers to ib and ibd antigen preparations at the same test sera ... | 1984 | 6326733 |
| aetio-pathology of the fowl trachea early after inoculation with h52 infectious bronchitis virus. | 1984 | 6326435 | |
| avian mycoplasma infections: prototype of mixed infections with mycoplasmas, bacteria and viruses. | mixed infections involving mycoplasmas, viruses and bacteria are well recognized in chickens. synergism has been demonstrated between mycoplasma gallisepticum and the viruses of newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis and escherichia coli, although the outcome of infection is influenced by many factors associated with the host and the organisms. airsacculitis in broilers due to m. synoviae or m. gallinarum may be precipitated by concurrent respiratory virus infections including vaccine strai ... | 1984 | 6324630 |
| effects of subtype variations in the holland strain of infectious bronchitis virus when applied as a vaccine. | massachusetts-type infectious bronchitis viruses (ibv) designated h120, from three sources, have been evaluated as vaccines. significant subtype variations were observed with the different vaccines based upon challenge virus infection and typical ib lesions induced where homologous and heterologous serotypes were used. in numerous cases, there was little agreement between challenge virus recovery from the respiratory tract and the presence or absence and severity of ib lesions. the study indicat ... | 1984 | 6324156 |
| vaccination of chickens with newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis vaccines administered singly and in combination. | the reactivity and immune response were determined in chickens following the administration of newcastle disease (nd) and infectious bronchitis (ib) vaccines given singly and in combination. when given singly, the ib component resulted in an earlier appearance of respiratory signs than when it was combined with nd vaccine. the intensity of the respiratory reaction appeared similar in each case, however. measured by virus-serum neutralization and from challenge with nd and ib viruses, no evidence ... | 1984 | 6322151 |
| coronavirus multiplication: locations of genes for virion proteins on the avian infectious bronchitis virus genome. | six overlapping viral rnas are synthesized in cells infected with the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). these rnas contain a 3'-coterminal nested sequence set and were assumed to be viral mrnas. the seven major ibv virion proteins are all produced by processing of three polypeptides of ca. 23, 51, and 115 kilodaltons. these are the core polypeptides of the small membrane proteins, the nucleocapsid protein, and the 155-kilodalton precursor to the large membrane proteins gp90 an ... | 1984 | 6321790 |
| the use of reference preparations in virus content testing of vaccines. | a series of virus content tests on newcastle disease, avian infectious bronchitis and marek's disease vaccines was carried out over a period of several years on commercial products together with a standard preparation of each virus. analysis of the results of marek's disease vaccine titrations revealed a good correlation between plaque count and the ratio obtained for the standard vaccine tested in parallel. expression in relation to a reference preparation is therefore of value to vaccine manuf ... | 1984 | 6321508 |
| significance of lysosomes in the morphogenesis of coronaviruses. | virus-containing electron-dense membrane-bound cytoplasmic bodies are described in tracheal epithelial cells of chickens infected with infectious bronchitis virus and in intestinal epithelial cells of swine infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. using silver-methenamine staining, phosphotungstic acid staining and acid phosphatase enzyme cytochemical staining of ultra-thin sections, these bodies were shown to be virus-containing secondary lysosomes and residual bodies. the accumulation of ... | 1984 | 6320768 |
| coronavirus ibv: structural characterization of the spike protein. | the spike protein (s; surface projection) of avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) strain m41 comprises two glycopolypeptides, s1 (mol. wt. 90 x 10(3] and s2 (mol. wt. 84 x 10(3], in equimolar proportions. the apparent mol. wt. of s was calculated as 354 (+/- 17) x 10(3) following co-sedimentation with catalase in sucrose gradients. incubation of radiolabelled ibv with urea resulted in the removal of most s1, but none of s2, from the virus particle. a similar result was obtained using low conc ... | 1983 | 6319549 |
| comparison of the hemagglutination-inhibition test with the constant-virus diluting-serum microneutralization test for detecting antibody to avian infectious bronchitis virus. | an evaluation was made of the hemagglutination-inhibition test and the constant-virus diluting-serum microneutralization test, two serological techniques that are used in detecting antibodies to avian infectious bronchitis. the repeatabilities and sensitivities of both tests were similar. both tests compared favorably when testing high-titered antisera, but antibody titers detected varied when low-titered sera were used. | 1983 | 6316897 |
| isolation of infectious bronchitis virus from pheasants. | 1983 | 6316620 | |
| comparison of whole blood dried on filter paper and serum for measurement of the temporal antibody response to avian infectious bronchitis virus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | two methods for collecting specimens for measuring sequential antibody activity of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) were compared. whole blood was collected on filter-paper strips, dried for 2 hr at 37 c, and then stored in plastic bags at 4 c or eluted overnight and tested immediately. eluates of whole blood were paired with serum samples and tested for ibv antibody activity by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) at four weekly intervals. both sampling methods yielded elisa antibody leve ... | 1983 | 6314980 |
| effect of serial embryo passage of an arkansas-type avian infectious bronchitis virus isolate on clinical response, virus recovery, and immunity. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) arkansas-type dpi strain (ark dpi) was attenuated by serial passage in chicken embryos. virus of passage 50 was less pathogenic for day-old maternally immune broiler-type chickens than virus of passage 10 or 25 as determined by clinical response to vaccination, virus isolation in respiratory (trachea) and nonrespiratory (kidney and cloaca) tissues, and weight-gain studies. chickens vaccinated with virus of passage 10, 25, or 50 were at least 80% resistant to hom ... | 1983 | 6314975 |
| prevalence of arkansas-type infectious bronchitis virus in delmarva peninsula chickens. | the prevalence of arkansas (ark)-type infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) in delmarva peninsula broiler-type chickens was determined. the immunity of 5-to-11-week-old commercial broilers was evaluated by intraocular inoculation with ark-type dpi strain (ark dpi) challenge virus and collection of tracheal swabbings 5 days later. serum ark-type antibody titers were obtained using the virus-neutralization test. eighty-five flocks were tested from january to august 1981. nearly 60% of the flocks had s ... | 1983 | 6314974 |
| comparative sensitivities of oviduct and tracheal organ cultures and chicken embryo kidney cell cultures to infectious bronchitis virus. | in vitro studies with organ (oviduct and trachea) and chicken embryo kidney cell cultures were attempted to assess the pathogenicity of locally isolated infectious bronchitis virus (ibv-p:120) initially isolated from the oviduct of young chicks. in oviduct cultures infected with ibv, ciliary movements decreased as early as 24 hours postinoculation (pi), and on the 6th day ciliary movements ceased completely. cytopathic changes were also noticed. immunofluorescent antigen was detected from 1 to 6 ... | 1983 | 6314971 |
| effect of environmental temperature on the mortality in vaccinated chickens after challenge with australian infectious bronchitis virus. | 1983 | 6314967 | |
| immune response of chickens to various routes of administration of australian infectious bronchitis vaccine. | groups of 100 two-week-old cockerels were vaccinated with the a3 strain of ib vaccine by conjunctival, intranasal, in-contact, drinking water, or aerosol routes, or were left as unvaccinated controls. three weeks after vaccination, each group of chickens was challenged with the appin strain of ibv. vaccination by the conjunctival, intranasal and in-contact routes induced a good resistance to challenge, concurring with an obvious stimulation of the harderian gland, while the drinking water route ... | 1983 | 6314964 |
| the effect of route of infection and strain of virus on the pathology of australian infectious bronchitis. | the pathogenesis of infectious bronchitis in 4-week-old chickens was studied following administration of australian t strain of ibv by the aerosol, conjunctival, intranasal, in-contact and drinking water routes. infected birds showed similar patterns of clinical signs, gross and histopathological lesions. while the birds infected by the aerosol route had earlier and slightly more severe respiratory tract disease it was concluded that the pathogenesis of infectious bronchitis virus nephritis was ... | 1983 | 6314963 |
| respiratory conditions of the fowl. | 1982 | 6313525 | |
| [comparative serological studies of south germany field isolates of chicken in infectious bronchitis virus and vaccine strains in tracheal cultures]. | 1983 | 6312956 | |
| a standard technique for haemagglutination inhibition tests for antibodies to avian infectious bronchitis virus. | 1983 | 6310847 | |
| coronavirus ibv: further evidence that the surface projections are associated with two glycopolypeptides. | the surface projections (peplomers) of avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) strain m41 have been separated from the nucleocapsid (n) and matrix (m) proteins by sedimentation in a sucrose gradient after virus disruption by the non-ionic detergent nonidet p40. the peplomers comprised two glycopolypeptides of mol. wt. 90 x 10(3) (90k; s1) and 84k (s2), shown by analysis of differentially radiolabelled virus to be present in equimolar proportions. polypeptides of 75k and 110k, which were detected ... | 1983 | 6308136 |
| ciliary activity: a criterion for associating resistance to infectious bronchitis virus infection with elisa antibody titer. | vaccination and challenge experiments using infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) were conducted on groups of specific-pathogen-free chickens. three weeks post-vaccination with one of the four ibv strains used, chickens were challenged with the homologous immunizing strain of ibv. subsequently, the chickens were sacrificed, their tracheas were examined for ciliostasis, and the specific ibv antibody content of their sera was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). results showed that p ... | 1983 | 6307249 |
| cell mediated and humoral immune response of chickens to inactivated oil-emulsion infectious bronchitis vaccine. | a lymphocyte transformation microassay was used to study cell mediated immunity (cmi) in chickens following primary and secondary vaccination with inactivated oil emulsion infectious bronchitis (ib) vaccine and subsequent challenge with massachusetts-41 (m-41). humoral immunity was monitored for comparison, using the haemagglutination inhibition (hi) microassay. positive stimulation indices (2 to 2.7 after primary and 2 to 4.8 after secondary vaccination) were lower and hi titres were higher tha ... | 1983 | 6304837 |
| [vaccination against infectious bronchitis in young chickens--carriers or not of maternal antibodies]. | the immunity to infectious bronchitis afforded by spray vaccination of mycoplasma free two days-old broilers with maternal antibodies to infectious bronchitis virus was tested by comparing zootechnical scores, clinical signs, macroscopical and microscopical changes, frequency of infectious bronchitis virus isolation following challenge at one, three and five weeks of age in vaccinated, unvaccinated, challenged and unchallenged birds. this vaccination gave a very good protection to infectious bro ... | 1983 | 6303682 |
| optimization of parameters for detecting antibodies against infectious bronchitis virus using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: temporal response to vaccination and challenge with live virus. | critical parameters affecting sensitivity and specificity of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) were evaluated and optimized. the use of purified ibv as antigen at 50 ng protein/well and high-ionic-strength serum dilution buffer has resulted in a test with minimal nonspecific binding of chicken immunoglobulins and very high sensitivity. optimum conditions for serum dilution, conjugate dilution, and substrate incubation were determined for min ... | 1983 | 6303289 |
| vaccination of day-old broilers against infectious bronchitis: effect of vaccine strain and route of administration. | nine groups of 10 one-day-old broiler chicks were vaccinated by eye-drop, coarse spray, or intratracheal instillation with combined newcastle disease-infectious bronchitis live vaccines containing the massachusetts (mass) 41, holland 120, or connecticut 46 strain of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). chickens vaccinated with mass-41 or holland 120 were protected against challenge with a mass strain administered at 4 weeks of age. when immunity to the disease was evaluated by virus recovery, dete ... | 1983 | 6303288 |
| effects of experimental infection of fowl with eds'76 virus, infectious bronchitis virus and/or fowl adenovirus on laying performance. | 1983 | 6302974 | |
| coronavirus ibv glycopolypeptides: size of their polypeptide moieties and nature of their oligosaccharides. | analysis of differentially radiolabelled avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) indicated that the matrix (m) polypeptides of mol. wt. 23 x 10(3) (23k), 26k, 28k, 30k and 34k (m23 to m34) which have been shown to give the same peptide maps, differed in their degree of glycosylation; m23 was not glycosylated while glycosylation increased with increasing mol. wt. from m26 to m34. both glucosamine and mannose were components of m26 to m34 but [3h]fucose appeared to be associated mainly with m34. e ... | 1983 | 6302214 |
| homologous interference by avian infectious bronchitis virus, inhibition of plaque formation of the beaudette-42 strain by mixed inoculation with the kh strain. | inhibition of plaque formation by avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) beaudette-42 (be-42) strain occurred in chick kidney cells with the inoculation of the same cell culture with the kh strain of ibv. for the complete inhibition of approximately 10(2) plaque-forming units (pfu) of the be-42 strain, at least 10(5) pfu of the kh strain was required. the kh strain would inhibit plaque formation by the be-42 strain if used as long as six hours after the inoculation of the be-42 strain. the inac ... | 1983 | 6300978 |
| comparison of techniques for the detection of avian infectious bronchitis virus as a contaminant of vaccines. | techniques for detecting various levels of both field and vaccine strains of infectious bronchitis virus in a deliberately contaminated newcastle disease vaccine were compared using chick embryos, chick kidney cells, chick tracheal organ cultures and chickens with a view to determining the most appropriate method for screening vaccines for freedom from ibv contamination. techniques examined included detection of abnormalities and deaths in embryos, cytopathic effect in chick kidney cells, cilios ... | 1983 | 6300130 |
| isolation of a new serotype of infectious bronchitis-like virus from chickens in england. | 1983 | 6298986 | |
| comparison of ciliary activity and virus recovery from tracheas of chickens and humoral immunity after inoculation with serotypes of avian infectious bronchitis virus. | cross-protection tests with homologous and heterologous serotypes of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) were used to compare ciliary activity and virus recovery from tracheas of chickens. validation of this technique included correlating the neutralization indices of antiserum obtained from some infected birds. chickens were inoculated intratracheally with either the jmk or connecticut (conn) serotype of ibv. three weeks later, infected and uninfected groups were challenged by the same route with ... | 1982 | 6297448 |
| evaluation of ciliary movement in tracheal rings to assess immunity against infectious bronchitis virus. | chickens vaccinated at one and 14 days of age with a live vaccine containing the massachusetts and connecticut strains of infectious bronchitis virus were protected against challenge with a massachusetts strain administered at 5 weeks of age. the virus recovery method in which tracheal swabs taken 4 days post-challenge were used to inoculate chicken embryos was compared with the method based on ciliary activity in tracheal explants. the results showed that evaluation of ciliary activity effectiv ... | 1982 | 6297446 |
| influence of infectious bronchitis strains and vaccines on the incidence of mycoplasma synoviae airsacculitis. | a model system was used to study infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) and mycoplasma synoviae (ms) interaction. the system involved exposure of chickens to ibv, followed by exposure to ms 2-5 days later. the chickens were subjected to a cold environment (10 +/- 2 c) for 3 weeks starting one day before ms exposure. under these conditions, differences in the capacity of various strains of ibv to exacerbate ms airsacculitis was demonstrated. exposure to ibv field isolates generally resulted in more ai ... | 1982 | 6297445 |
| [storage and preservation of antigen for the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in the detection of antibodies against chicken bronchitis virus]. | 1982 | 6295360 | |
| coronavirus proteins: structure and function of the oligosaccharides of the avian infectious bronchitis virus glycoproteins. | the recent finding that the e1 glycoproteins of murine coronaviruses contain only o-linked oligosaccharides suggested that this unusual modification might be a distinguishing feature of coronaviruses and might play an essential role in the life cycle of this family of viruses. to examine these possibilities, we analyzed the oligosaccharide moieties of the membrane proteins of the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. in addition, we determined the effect of inhibiting the glycosylation ... | 1982 | 6294330 |
| coronavirus proteins: biogenesis of avian infectious bronchitis virus virion proteins. | we examined the synthesis of viral structural proteins in cultured cells infected with the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. tryptic peptide mapping was used to determine the structural relationships of the intracellular proteins to the virion polypeptides. pulse-chase experiments were performed to identify precursors to the virus-specific proteins. we found that the nucleocapsid protein, p51, and the small viral membrane proteins gp31, gp28, and p23 do not undergo post-translationa ... | 1982 | 6294329 |
| preparing hemagglutinating antigen from isolates of infectious bronchitis virus. | the hemagglutinating (ha) activity of 14 strains of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) was investigated. the optimal conditions for ibv antigen preparation include inoculation of 10- or 11-day-old specific pathogen-free embryonated eggs and incubation for 30 hours at 37 c. embryos were inoculated via the allantoic cavity with 0.1 ml of a low embryonic passage of the virus (10(7) to 10(8) eid50/ml). allantoic fluid was harvested and pooled, and a 100-fold concentration of virus particles was achie ... | 1982 | 6293442 |
| [the effect of isolated rearing and frequency of vaccinations on the development of humoral immunity to newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis]. | 1982 | 6291193 | |
| infectious bronchitis haemagglutination inhibition test. | 1982 | 6289507 | |
| [cultivation of various avian viruses in pheasant trachea organ cultures and chick embryos]. | stationary tracheal organ cultures of pheasants and chick embryos, treated with a mucolytic agent were used to study the ciliostatic effect of the following viruses: fowl pest (fpv), newcastle disease (ndv), infections laryngotracheitis (ilv), and infections bronchitis (ibv) - strain beaudette. in chick embryo tracheal cultures ciliostasis was found to set in as follows: for fpv - at the 24th hour; for ndv - at the 72nd-120th hour; for ilv - at the 168-192nd hour; and for ibv-at the 72nd-96th ho ... | 1982 | 6287709 |
| types of avian infectious bronchitis strains isolated in quebec. | between 1976 and 1980, 24 isolates of infectious bronchitis virus were obtained from quebec flocks. the serological classification of these isolates was demonstrated by cross neutralization tests using antisera to 13 different reference virus strains. of the 24 isolates, ten were identified as connecticut, six holland and one se-17 types. seven strains did not react with any of the specific antisera. | 1982 | 6284325 |
| the immune response of the chick following viral vaccinations and immunization with sheep red blood cells. | the effects of viral vaccinations and immunization with sheep red blood cells (srbc) on the humoral response of pullets were investigated. pullets were vaccinated with marek's disease virus, newcastle disease virus (ndv), infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), and infectious bursal disease virus at appropriate ages used in commercial practice. at seven weeks, the pullets were intramuscularly immunized with srbc. ndv and ibv antibodies were detected by hemagglutination-inhibition tests. hemagglutinat ... | 1982 | 6284114 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies to infectious bronchitis virus. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for antibodies to avian infectious bronchitis (ib) virus is described. the immune response of chickens following vaccination with ib virus was monitored using this test, and the titers were compared with those obtained by serum neutralization. the elisa appears to be suitable for ib serology. | 1982 | 6284110 |
| synthesis of coronavirus mrnas: kinetics of inactivation of infectious bronchitis virus rna synthesis by uv light. | infection of cells with the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus results in the synthesis of five major subgenomic rnas. these rnas and the viral genome form a 3' coterminal nested set. we found that the rates of inactivation of synthesis of the rnas by uv light were different and increased with the length of the transcript. these results show that each rna is transcribed from a unique promoter and that extensive processing of the primary transcripts probably does not occur. | 1982 | 6283182 |
| structural analysis of virion proteins of the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. | we have found six major polypeptides in virions of the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus grown in tissue culture: four glycoproteins, gp84, gp36, gp31, and gp28, and two non-glycosylated proteins, p51 and p23. in addition, we detected three minor species: two glycoproteins, gp90 and gp59, and one non-glycosylated protein, p14. two-dimensional tryptic peptide mapping showed that gp36, gp31, gp28, and p23 comprise a group of closely related proteins which we have designated the "p23 fa ... | 1982 | 6283141 |
| the pathogenesis of nephritis in chickens induced by infectious bronchitis virus. | 1982 | 6282945 |