Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| attenuated lapinized chinese strain of classical swine fever virus: complete nucleotide sequence and character of 3'-noncoding region. | the complete nucleotide sequence including precise 5'- and 3'-terminal non-coding regions (ncrs) of the attenuated lapinized chinese strain (hclv) of classical swine fever virus (csfv) was determined from overlapping cdna clones constructed by separated rt-pcr and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) methods. the genomic rna of the hclv strain consists of 12.310 nucleotides (nts) including 374 nts and 242nts in the 5'- and 3'-ncrs, respectively. it contains one large open reading frame (orf) ... | 2001 | 11556404 |
| a recombinant classical swine fever virus with a marker insertion in the internal ribosome entry site. | based on an infectious cdna clone of classical swine fever virus (csfv) strain alfort/187 (ruggli et al., j virol 70, 3478-3487, 1996) a full-length cdna was constructed harbouring a nonviral 44 base insertion in the internal ribosome entry site (ires) within the 5' nontranslated region (5'ntr) of the genome. genome size rna transcribed in vitro served as a positive control in routine rt-pcr used to detect csfv rna in diagnostic material. unexpectedly this rna proved to be infectious upon transf ... | 2001 | 11556403 |
| evaluation of the potential of dogs, cats and rats to spread classical swine fever virus. | 2001 | 11548961 | |
| mutagenesis of hepatitis c virus e1 protein affects its membrane-permeabilizing activity. | the e1 glycoprotein of hepatitis c virus is a transmembrane glycoprotein with a c-terminal anchor domain. when expressed in escherichia coli, e1 induces a change in membrane permeability that is toxic to the bacterial cell. the c-terminal hydrophobic region (aa 331-383) of e1 is mainly responsible for membrane association and for inducing changes in membrane permeability. these observed changes are similar to those produced in e. coli by influenza virus m2, human immunodeficiency virus gp41 and ... | 2001 | 11514735 |
| oral immunisation against classical swine fever (csf): onset and duration of immunity. | in an experimental study, onset and duration of immunity after oral immunisation of pigs with a classical swine fever (csf) live virus vaccine based on the strain "c" has been evaluated. sixteen weaner piglets (group 1) were orally instilled by syringe with the content of one vaccine bait whereas eighteen piglets (group 2) were fed with one bait. six unvaccinated piglets represented the control group (group 3). the pigs having 2, 4, 6 and 10 days post vaccination (p.v.) were challenged with the ... | 2001 | 11506924 |
| classical swine fever (csf): a historical review of research and vaccine production on the isle of riems. | a review on classical swine fever (csf) research and vaccine production is given about four historical periods (1924-1948, 1949-1969, 1970-1991, since 1992). similar as to research on foot and mouth disease, applied topics as diagnosis, pathogenesis, epidemiology and control represented the csf research over many years. the development of vaccines and application procedures, e.g. oral and aerogenic immunisation and combined vaccines for large pig farms were the prominent investigations between 1 ... | 2001 | 11505796 |
| characterization of classical swine fever virus associated with defective interfering particles containing a cytopathogenic subgenomic rna isolated from wild boar. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) strain wb82, isolated from a wild boar in 1982, induced a distinct cytopathic effect (cpe) in primary swine testicle cell culture and in most of the porcine cell lines. this strain of csfv was found to be composed of two biotypes. cytopathogenic (cp) csfv, as a minor population, and noncytopathogenic (noncp) csfv, as a major population. the noncp csfv (designated strain wb82/e+) was obtained by biological cloning, and it showed the exaltation of newcastle disea ... | 2001 | 11503902 |
| novel virulence and host range genes of african swine fever virus. | current work is beginning to reveal the complex mechanisms by which african swine fever virus interacts with its swine and tick hosts. this work includes the identification of novel viral genes that mediate virulence and host range, and influence important cellular regulatory pathways. | 2001 | 11495811 |
| evidence for the presence of two novel pestivirus species. | the genus pestivirus of the family flaviviridae comprises four species, namely bovine viral diarrhea virus-1 (bvdv-1), bvdv-2, border disease virus (bdv), and classical swine fever virus (csfv). comparative analyses of partial sequences have suggested that pestivirus isolates from giraffe (giraffe-1) and reindeer (reindeer-1) are distinct from the established species (becher et al., virology 262, 64--71, 1999). in this study, we report the complete genomic sequences of pestivirus strains giraffe ... | 2001 | 11485413 |
| characterization of pseudotype vsv possessing hcv envelope proteins. | the genome of hepatitis c virus (hcv) encodes two envelope glycoproteins (e1 and e2), which are thought to be responsible for receptor binding and membrane fusion resulting in virus penetration. to investigate cell surface determinants important for hcv infection, we used a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) in which the glycoprotein gene was replaced with a reporter gene encoding green fluorescent protein (gfp) and produced hcv-vsv pseudotypes possessing chimeric hcv e1 or e2 glycopro ... | 2001 | 11485395 |
| application of competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the serologic diagnosis of classical swine fever virus infection. | a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-elisa), based on a truncated e2 recombinant protein of the alfort/187 strain of classical swine fever virus (csfv) and a specific monoclonal antibody m1669, was evaluated using 2,000 sera from clinically healthy pigs in canada (a csfv-free country) and sera from experimentally infected pigs. the relative specificity and sensitivity of the c-elisa were 100% and 86%, respectively, at a cutoff of 25% inhibition using negative and positive pig sera, ... | 2001 | 11478613 |
| isolation of a non-haemadsorbing, non-cytopathic strain of african swine fever virus in madagascar. | african swine fever (asf) suspected clinically in madagascar (1998-9) was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and nucleotide sequencing, following virus isolation. no haemadsorption or cytopathic effect could be detected following leukocyte inoculation, but viral growth in cells was confirmed by pcr. detection of asf virus genome was carried out by amplification of a highly conserved region coding for the p72 protein. nucleotide sequencing of the amplicon revealed 99.2% nucleotide ident ... | 2001 | 11467803 |
| a virally encoded chaperone specialized for folding of the major capsid protein of african swine fever virus. | it is generally believed that cellular chaperones facilitate the folding of virus capsid proteins, or that capsid proteins fold spontaneously. here we show that p73, the major capsid protein of african swine fever virus (asfv) failed to fold and aggregated when expressed alone in cells. this demonstrated that cellular chaperones were unable to aid the folding of p73 and suggested that asfv may encode a chaperone. an 80-kda protein encoded by asfv, termed the capsid-associated protein (cap) 80, b ... | 2001 | 11461995 |
| [genetic typing of german isolates of classical swine fever virus]. | during the last decade several outbreaks of classical swine fever (csf) occurred in germany in domestic pigs and in wild boar, respectively. two major epidemics which also affected other eu member states were recorded. to support epidemiological investigations genetic typing was applied and virus isolates originating from different outbreaks in germany were assigned to groups and virus types. two genomic regions were selected for the phylogenetic analysis, namely 150 nucleotides from the 5' non- ... | 2001 | 11449911 |
| [african swine fever virus: achievements over the last decade of the 20th century]. | complete nucleotide sequence of african swine fever (asf) virus genome was determined in 1993-1999. deletion mutants with low virulence for pigs were obtained. genes of structural (p72, p54, p12, cleavage products pp220 and pp60, hemagglutinin) and nonstructural (p32) proteins were mapped. the significance of different proteins in virus adsorption and resistance to challenge was elucidated, their location in infected cell and virion was determined. lipid composition of the virus was studied. a p ... | 2001 | 11449798 |
| classical swine fever: morphological and morphometrical study of pulmonary intravascular macrophages. | to gain further insight into the pathogenesis of classical swine fever (csf), the changes induced by hog cholera (hc) virus in pulmonary intravascular macrophages (pims) were examined. twelve pigs were inoculated by the intramuscular route with a virulent strain of hc virus (quillota strain) and killed in groups of three at 4, 7, 10 and 14 days post-inoculation. immunohistochemical and ultrastructural examination revealed hc virus infection in endothelial cells, pims, and interstitial and alveol ... | 2001 | 11437510 |
| classical swine fever: pathogenesis of glomerular damage and immunocharacterization of immunocomplex deposits. | twenty-six pigs were inoculated with a virulent isolate (quillota strain) of classical swine fever (hog cholera) virus to determine the chronological development of lesions in the renal glomeruli and the pathogenesis of glomerular damage and immunocomplex deposition. the study included the use of histopathological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical (detection of viral antigen gp55, myeloid-histiocyte antigen, igm, igg and c1q) techniques. the main changes in glomerular structure were obser ... | 2001 | 11437500 |
| african swine fever virus structural protein pe120r is essential for virus transport from assembly sites to plasma membrane but not for infectivity. | this report examines the role of african swine fever virus (asfv) structural protein pe120r in virus replication. immunoelectron microscopy revealed that protein pe120r localizes at the surface of the intracellular virions. consistent with this, coimmunoprecipitation assays showed that protein pe120r binds to the major capsid protein p72. moreover, it was found that, in cells infected with an asfv recombinant that inducibly expresses protein p72, the incorporation of pe120r into the virus partic ... | 2001 | 11435554 |
| transovarial transmission of african swine fever virus in the argasid tick ornithodoros moubata. | the aim of this study was to determine filial infection prevalence of experimentally infected colony ornithodoros moubata walton (ixodoidea: argasidae) ticks for african swine fever virus (asfv). three groups of ticks were used: an uninfected control group, one group orally infected with the vic t90/1 isolate and another group orally infected with the liv 13/33 isolate of asfv. the results show that filial infection prevalences were not constant but were highly variable between egg batches from ... | 2001 | 11434547 |
| atypical cilia in the bronchiolar epithelium of pigs experimentally infected with hog cholera virus. | to study the effect of hog cholera virus on the epithelial cells of the bronchiolar mucosa, 12 pigs were inoculated with a highly virulent strain. immunohistochemical and ultrastructural examination of the ciliated epithelial cells demonstrated an increase in the number of atypical cilia. the latter showed alterations in the microtubular pattern, possibly resulting from viral interference with the normal metabolism of the epithelial cells. | 2001 | 11428186 |
| [differential diagnosis of classical swine fever and border disease: seroepidemiological investigation of a pestivirus infection on a mixed sheep and swine farm]. | during recent years neutralizing antibodies against border disease virus (bdv) were found repeatedly in german pig herds. consequently there was a demand for a differential diagnostic system. a permanent sheep cell line and bdv reference strain moredun were chosen and were applied in a could be used case study. a pestivirus could be isolated from piglets on a mixed farm and was characterised as 'non-classical swine fever' (csf) by using monoclonal antibodies. due to a csf suspicion the pig herd ... | 2001 | 11417380 |
| evaluation of vaccine-induced maternal immunity against classical swine fever. | the vaccine-induced maternal immunity against classical swine fever (csf) was investigated in this study. eight sows were vaccinated with the chinese strain of classical swine fever virus (csfv). the length of time between vaccination and farrowing was 167-217 days. milk samples from the front, middle and back udder sections and blood samples were taken from the sows on days 3 and 14 after farrowing. blood samples were obtained from the piglets at the age of 3, 6 and 10 weeks. the antibody level ... | 2001 | 11402686 |
| effects of classical swine fever virus infection on the porcine leukocyte subsets. | the effects of classical swine fever (csf) virus infection on the porcine leukocyte subsets were investigated by flow cytometry in acute, chronic and convalescent forms of the disease. the virus antigen could be first detected in the monocytes on postinfection (p.i.) day 10 while in the lymphocytes on p.i. day 13. it could be established that the ratio of cd6+ cells decreased until p.i. day 6, but afterwards it started to increase and reached different values. the cd4+cd8+, the cd8+ and the cd6- ... | 2000 | 11402673 |
| oral immunization of pigs against classical swine fever. course of the disease and virus transmission after simultaneous vaccination and infection. | the efficacy of simultaneous vaccination of pigs against classical swine fever (csf) and challenge was evaluated. in this study, domestic weanling pigs were vaccinated orally with a conventional live virus vaccine based on csf virus (csfv) c strain and were challenged simultaneously with csfv of different virulence. all the animals vaccinated and challenged with a high dose of highly virulent koslov strain died while three of five animals challenged with a low dose of highly virulent alfort 187 ... | 2001 | 11394574 |
| [phylogenetic analysis of swine fever virus strains]. | amplification of h-gene fragment in combination with cdna nucleotide sequencing can be used for indication and strain differentiation of classical swine fever virus. | 2001 | 11392970 |
| highly sensitive one-tube rt-pcr and microplate hybridisation assay for the detection and for the discrimination of classical swine fever virus from other pestiviruses. | rapid, sensitive and specific laboratory diagnostic methods are necessary to confirm outbreaks of classical swine fever. the detection of classical swine fever virus (csfv) and its discrimination from other pestiviruses can be achieved by virus isolation on cell culture, antigen detection, or molecular methods. to reduce the time and the number of steps in the diagnostic procedure a sensitive and rapid detection method based on specific amplification of the pestiviral rna by one-step reverse tra ... | 2001 | 11377717 |
| induction of apoptosis in bone marrow neutrophil-lineage cells by classical swine fever virus. | the pathogenesis of bone marrow atrophy during classical swine fever (csf) was investigated in vitro by using csf virus (csfv) infection of bone marrow haematopoietic cells (bmhc). the monocytic lineage had the highest susceptibility to csfv infection, whereas the more mature swc8(+) granulocytic cells were not directly susceptible to infection. however, myelomonocytic precursors were targets for csfv infection and continued to differentiate into swc8(+) granulocytic cells, which remained infect ... | 2001 | 11369874 |
| [detection of infection with classical swine fever virus in wild boar: a comparison of different laboratory diagnostic methods]. | the aim of this study was to evaluate two commercially available elisas for routine diagnosis of classical swine fever virus (csfv) in wild boar. for this, 222 tissue samples from wild boar were tested in the elisas and the results were compared to those obtained using standard methods. first, frozen spleen sections were examined by direct immunofluorescence, and organ suspensions were prepared and tested for csfv antigen samples were simultaneously examined with the chekit-elisa (dr. bommeli ag ... | 2001 | 11367881 |
| classical swine fever virus (c strain) distribution in organ samples of inoculated piglets. | enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) and a nested polymerase chain reaction after reverse transcription (rt-pcr) were used for the detection of the chinese strain (c strain) of classical swine fever virus (csfv) in blood and tissue samples of experimentally inoculated piglets. one group of 10 piglets was inoculated with c strain material from rabbits and a second one with material from infected minipig kidney (mpk) cell culture. tested blood samples were taken on the day of inoculation as ... | 2001 | 11356313 |
| the influence of downstream protein-coding sequence on internal ribosome entry on hepatitis c virus and other flavivirus rnas. | some studies suggest that the hepatitis c virus (hcv) internal ribosome entry site (ires) requires downstream 5' viral polyprotein-coding sequence for efficient initiation of translation, but the role of this rna sequence in internal ribosome entry remains unresolved. we confirmed that the inclusion of viral sequence downstream of the aug initiator codon increased ires-dependent translation of a reporter rna encoding secretory alkaline phosphatase, but found that efficient translation of chloram ... | 2001 | 11345437 |
| aggresomes resemble sites specialized for virus assembly. | the large cytoplasmic dna viruses such as poxviruses, iridoviruses, and african swine fever virus (asfv) assemble in discrete perinuclear foci called viral factories. factories exclude host proteins, suggesting that they are novel subcellular structures induced by viruses. novel perinuclear structures, called aggresomes are also formed by cells in response to misfolded protein (johnston, j.a., c.l. ward, and r.r. kopito. 1998. j. cell biol. 143:1883--1898; garcía-mata, r., z. bebök, e.j. sorsche ... | 2001 | 11331297 |
| descriptive epidemiology of a classical swine fever outbreak in the limburg province of belgium in 1997. | this paper describes the epidemiological characteristics of the 1997 classical swine fever (csf) outbreak that occurred in the limburg province of belgium, where there is a policy of non-vaccination, intensive surveillance and eradication. between 30 june and 17 july 1997, eight herds, located in three different areas, were confirmed to be csf-positive. csf virus was transmitted from the primary infected herd of one area to another five herds in the same area and to one herd in a different area. ... | 2001 | 11315525 |
| construction of recombinant swinepox viruses and expression of the classical swine fever virus e2 protein. | to explore the swinepox virus (spv) as a potential live vector for immunization, a vector was developed for the construction of a recombinant spv carrying foreign genes. in this system, a foreign gene placed under the strong vaccinia virus promoter p(11) can be inserted into the viral thymidine kinase (tk) gene, and the recombinant virus can be isolated in a non-selective medium by the co-expression of e. coli lacz gene. compared with the wild type virus, the tk(-)recombinant spv showed a modest ... | 2001 | 11311343 |
| vitamin b12 and hepatitis c: molecular biology and human pathology. | cobalamins are stored in high concentrations in the human liver and thus are available to participate in the regulation of hepatotropic virus functions. we show that cyanocobalamin (vitamin b12) inhibited the hcv internal ribosome entry site (ires)-dependent translation of a reporter gene in vitro in a dose-dependent manner without significantly affecting the cap-dependent mechanism. vitamin b12 failed to inhibit translation by ires elements from encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) or classical sw ... | 2001 | 11296247 |
| a prime-boost vaccination strategy using naked dna followed by recombinant porcine adenovirus protects pigs from classical swine fever. | weaned pigs (6-week-old) and 7-day-old pre-weaned piglets were vaccinated with naked plasmid dna expressing the gp55/e2 gene from classical swine fever virus (csfv). both groups of pigs were then given a booster dose of recombinant porcine adenovirus expressing the gp55 gene (rpav-gp55). following challenge with csfv, 100% of weaned pigs and 75% pre-weaned piglets were protected from disease. weaned pigs given a single dose of rpav-gp55 were also protected, but showed a slight increase in temper ... | 2001 | 11295331 |
| immunogenicity of the e1e2 proteins of hepatitis c virus expressed by recombinant adenoviruses. | the e1 and e2 proteins of hepatitis c virus (hcv) are believed to be the viral envelope glycoproteins that are major candidate antigens for hcv vaccine development. we reported previously that the replication-competent recombinant adenovirus encoding core-e1-e2 genes of hcv (ad/hcv) produces serologically reactive e1 and e2 proteins forming a heterodimer in substantial amounts. here, we examined immunogenicity of the e1e2 proteins copurified from hela cells infected with ad/hcv virus in mice. fu ... | 2001 | 11282207 |
| evolution of hepatitis c virus genome in chronically infected patients receiving ribavirin monotherapy. | recent results of clinical trials suggest that combination of interferon and ribavirin exhibits an enhanced antiviral effect in the treatment of chronic hepatitis c. to investigate the effect of ribavirin on hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection, we analysed the evolution of the genetic heterogeneity of hcv in relation to the anti-hcv humoral response in patients treated by ribavirin alone. the study population included 35 patients with liver biopsy proven chronic hepatitis c infected with hcv genot ... | 2001 | 11264732 |
| evaluation of genetic vaccine against classical swine fever. | classical swine fever is important diseases affecting pigs. it results in great losses in their population and in limitations in the commercial international trade of pigs. the aim of the study was the preparation of the genetic vaccine against csf and the estimation of its safety, protection value and immunogenicity. clinical observations, body temperature and the immune response (haematological and facs analyses) were monitored. pigs vaccinated with the dna vaccine were protected from the chal ... | 2001 | 11257381 |
| african swine fever virus multigene family 360 and 530 genes are novel macrophage host range determinants. | pathogenic african swine fever virus (asfv) isolates primarily target cells of the mononuclear-phagocytic system in infected swine and replicate efficiently in primary macrophage cell cultures in vitro. asfvs can, however, be adapted to grow in monkey cell lines. characterization of two cell culture-adapted viruses, ms16 and ba71v, revealed that neither virus replicated in macrophage cell cultures. cell viability experiments and ultrastructural analysis showed that infection with these viruses r ... | 2001 | 11238833 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a virus type-specific peptide based on a subdomain of envelope protein e(rns) for serologic diagnosis of pestivirus infections in swine. | peptides deduced from the c-terminal end (residues 191 to 227) of pestivirus envelope protein e(rns) were used to develop enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) to measure specifically antibodies against different types of pestiviruses. the choice of the peptide was based on the modular structure of the e(rns) protein, and the peptide was selected for its probable independent folding and good exposure, which would make it a good candidate for an antigenic peptide to be used in a diagnostic ... | 2001 | 11230402 |
| secretory pathway limits the enhanced expression of classical swine fever virus e2 glycoprotein in insect cells. | the 3' untranslated region (utr) is an important element that determines the level of recombinant protein expression via baculovirus vectors. previous work using chloramphenicol acetyl transferase as reporter has shown that p10-promoter based baculovirus vectors with the authentic p10 3' utr resulted in higher expression levels than vectors carrying an sv40 early terminator, as part of a lacz selection cassette. to examine whether a similar increase in expression levels could be obtained for bac ... | 2001 | 11223142 |
| african swine fever virus iap homologue inhibits caspase activation and promotes cell survival in mammalian cells. | african swine fever virus (asfv) a224l is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (iap) family. we have investigated the antiapoptotic function of the viral iap both in stably transfected cells and in asfv-infected cells. a224l was able to substantially inhibit caspase activity and cell death induced by treatment with tumor necrosis factor alpha and cycloheximide or staurosporine when overexpressed in vero cells by gene transfection. we have also observed that asfv infection induces caspa ... | 2001 | 11222676 |
| airborne transmission of classical swine fever virus under experimental conditions. | sixty-one pigs were housed in an isolation unit with three compartments and five pens. each compartment had its own ventilation system resulting in air currents flowing from compartment a (pens 1 to 3) towards compartment b (pen 4), but not towards compartment c (pen 5). classical swine fever virus was introduced by the experimental inoculation of one pig in the middle pen (pen 2) of compartment a. the virus infected the pigs in pen 4, following the prevalent air currents, and the compartmentali ... | 2000 | 11195166 |
| duration of the protection of an e2 subunit marker vaccine against classical swine fever after a single vaccination. | the period during which pigs are protected after vaccination is important for the successful usage of a marker vaccine against classical swine fever virus (csfv) in an eradication programme. in four animal experiments with different vaccination-challenge intervals we determined the duration of protection of an e2 subunit marker vaccine in pigs after a single vaccination. unvaccinated pigs were included in each group to detect transmission of the challenge virus. three groups of six pigs were vac ... | 2001 | 11182497 |
| depletion of cd4(+) and cd8(high+) t-cells before the onset of viraemia during classical swine fever. | leukopenia, in particular lymphopenia, is a characteristic early event during classical swine fever (csf). this was the case in both highly virulent (csf virus (csfv) strain brescia) and moderately virulent (csfv uelzen) infections. the leukopenia involved leukocyte sub-populations in a disparate manner, with b-lymphocytes, helper t-cells and cytotoxic t-cells being the most affected. depletion of lymphocyte sub-populations occurred 1-4 days before virus could be detected by rt-pcr in the serum. ... | 2001 | 11182144 |
| the non-haemadsorbing african swine fever virus isolate asfv/nh/p68 provides a model for defining the protective anti-virus immune response. | african swine fever virus asfv/nh/p68 is a naturally occurring, non-haemadsorbing and non-fatal isolate. longitudinal clinical and immunological studies on 31 pigs inoculated oronasally or intramuscularly with this isolate defined two discrete groups of animals: those developing asf chronic type lesions and those remaining asymptomatic. animals developing lesions had viraemia and fever late after infection, nk activity levels close to that of control animals and high levels of anti-asfv specific ... | 2001 | 11172092 |
| development of a competitive elisa using a truncated e2 recombinant protein as antigen for detection of antibodies to classical swine fever virus. | the sequence encoding a truncated e2 glycoprotein of the alfort/187 strain of classical swine fever virus (csfv) was expressed in escherichia coli using the pet expression system and the recombinant product purified by ni-nta agarose affinity chromatography. the antigenicity of this recombinant protein was demonstrated by immunoblot using anti- csfv-specific antibodies. a monoclonal antibody was produced against the truncated e2 protein and used as competitor in an elisa for the detection of ant ... | 2001 | 11170845 |
| dna-mediated protection against classical swine fever virus. | four eukaryotic expression plasmids containing the entire e2 gene sequence of classical swine fever virus (csfv) were constructed: (a) pcdst, with 5' signal and 3' transmembrane sequences; (b) pcdsw, with 5' signal sequence only; (c) pcdwt, with transmembrane sequences only; and (d) pcdww, containing the e2 gene alone. all four plasmids were readily transfected into bhk-21 cells, with pcdst and pcdsw resulting in secretion of e2 antigen. the latter two plasmids were also shown to induce a humora ... | 2001 | 11163677 |
| chimeric (marker) c-strain viruses induce clinical protection against virulent classical swine fever virus (csfv) and reduce transmission of csfv between vaccinated pigs. | two live recombinant vaccines (flc9 and flc11) against classical swine fever (csf) were evaluated for their capacity to reduce transmission of virulent csf virus (csfv) among vaccinated pigs. in flc9 the 5' terminal half of the e2 gene of the c-strain, a csfv vaccine strain, was exchanged with the homologous gene of the bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) strain 5250, the e(rns) gene was exchanged likewise in the chimeric flc11 virus. both recombinant vaccines induce an antibody response in pigs ... | 2001 | 11163670 |
| rna triphosphatase component of the mrna capping apparatus of paramecium bursaria chlorella virus 1. | paramecium bursaria chlorella virus 1 (pbcv-1) elicits a lytic infection of its unicellular green alga host. the 330-kbp viral genome has been sequenced, yet little is known about how viral mrnas are synthesized and processed. pbcv-1 encodes its own mrna guanylyltransferase, which catalyzes the addition of gmp to the 5' diphosphate end of rna to form a gpppn cap structure. here we report that pbcv-1 encodes a separate rna triphosphatase (rtp) that catalyzes the initial step in cap synthesis: hyd ... | 2001 | 11160672 |
| classical swine fever virus: clinical, virological, serological and hematological findings after infection of domestic pigs and wild boars with the field isolate "spante" originating from wild boar. | a classical swine fever virus (csfv) field isolate originating from wild boar was investigated on its virulence in domestic pigs and wild boar. three weaner pigs and two wild boars (yearlings) were intranasally inoculated with the isolate "spante" and tested for clinical, virological, hematological and serological findings until day 31 after infection (p. i.). one day p. i. the piglets were put in contact to three sentinel pigs. during a period of 31 d neither the domestic pigs nor the wild boar ... | 2000 | 11153219 |
| ribosomal binding to the internal ribosomal entry site of classical swine fever virus. | most eukaryotic mrnas require the cap-binding complex elf4f for efficient initiation of translation, which occurs as a result of ribosomal scanning from the capped 5' end of the mrna to the initiation codon. a few cellular and viral mrnas are translated by a cap and end-independent mechanism known as internal ribosomal entry. the internal ribosome entry site (ires) of classical swine fever virus (csfv) is approximately 330 nt long, highly structured, and mediates internal initiation of translati ... | 2000 | 11142379 |
| identification and characterization of a spliced c-type lectin-like gene encoded by rat cytomegalovirus. | the english isolate of rat cytomegalovirus (rcmv) encodes a 20-kda protein with a c-type lectin-like domain that is expressed in the delayed-early and late phases of the viral replication cycle. genomic sequence analysis of the restriction fragment kpnr of rcmv revealed significant homology to several c-type lectin-containing molecules implicated in natural killer (nk) and t-cell interactions, as well as genes from four poxviruses and african swine fever virus. the gene is spliced into five exon ... | 2001 | 11134273 |
| effects of infection of the tick ornithodoros moubata with african swine fever virus. | the effects of infection with african swine fever virus (asfv) on adult and nymphal ornithodoros moubata murray (ixodoidea, argasidae) ticks were examined. three groups of ticks were used, an uninfected control group, one group infected with the vic t90/1 isolate of asfv and another group infected with the liv 13/33 isolate of asfv. infection with asfv did not affect the oviposition rates of infected ticks when compared with uninfected ticks. there was no difference between infected and uninfect ... | 2000 | 11129698 |
| the inactivation of foot and mouth disease, aujeszky's disease and classical swine fever viruses in pig slurry. | the aim of the study was to investigate the decontamination of pig slurry containing exotic viruses of pigs, foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv), aujeszky's disease virus (adv) and classical swine fever virus (csfv). laboratory-scale decontamination experiments showed that fmdv, adv and csfv were heat inactivated in slurry within 3 min at 67 degrees c, 3 min at 62 degrees c and 3 min at 60 degrees c and in glasgow eagles medium within 5 min at 67 degrees c, 4 min at 65 degrees c and 2 min at 65 ... | 2000 | 11119149 |
| sero-surveillance of wild boar in the netherlands, 1996-1999. | from 1996 to 1999, blood samples were collected from wild boar shot during the hunting season in crown properties, national parks and the free wildlife belt in the netherlands. sera were screened for the presence of antibodies against classical swine fever virus (csfv), swine vesicular disease virus (svdv), aujeszky's disease virus (adv) and trichinella spiralis. the results of the sero-surveillance system indicate that csfv, svdv and adv are uncommon within the wild boar population. hence, the ... | 2000 | 11107628 |
| production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to brazilian isolates of bovine viral diarrhea virus. | three brazilian isolates of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), antigenically distinct from the standard north american isolates, were selected to immunize balb/c mice in order to obtain hybridoma cells secreting anti-bvdv monoclonal antibodies (mabs). two hybridoma clones secreting mabs, reacting specifically with bvdv-infected cells (mabs 3.1c4 and 6.f11), were selected after five fusions and screening of 1001 hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine-resistant clones. these mabs reacted in an indire ... | 2000 | 11105099 |
| deletions of structural glycoprotein e2 of classical swine fever virus strain alfort/187 resolve a linear epitope of monoclonal antibody wh303 and the minimal n-terminal domain essential for binding immunoglobulin g antibodies of a pig hyperimmune serum. | the major structural glycoprotein e2 of classical swine fever virus (csfv) is responsible for eliciting neutralizing antibodies and conferring protective immunity. the current structural model of this protein predicts its surface-exposed region at the n terminus with a short stretch of the c-terminal residues spanning the membrane envelope. in this study, the n-terminal region of 221 amino acids (aa) covering aa 690 to 910 of the csfv strain alfort/187 e2, expressed as a fusion product in escher ... | 2000 | 11090160 |
| transmission of classical swine fever virus by artificial insemination during the 1997-1998 epidemic in the netherlands: a descriptive epidemiological study. | in the course of the 1997-1998 csf epidemic in the netherlands, two semen collection centres (scc) became infected. as an eradication strategy for an acute crisis situation, it was concluded that all semen of the boars at the sccs collected and distributed in the risk period of 28 january to 7 march 1997 was potentially contaminated (suspect semen). as a consequence, a total of 1,680 pig herds, mainly located in the southern part of the netherlands, were officially declared csf suspect. the purp ... | 2000 | 11087136 |
| laboratory diagnosis, epizootiology, and efficacy of marker vaccines in classical swine fever: a review. | detection of classical swine fever virus (csfv) can be achieved by a range of assays of which the most commonly used are: immunohistochemical and virus culture techniques. new developments have enabled the detection of viral proteins by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) and the detection of the viral genome by rt- pcr. so far, laboratory findings show that the latter assays may supplement or replace the conventional techniques in the near future. the detection of serum antibody against ... | 2000 | 11087126 |
| classical swine fever: essex ban to stay in place. | 2000 | 11083043 | |
| comparative immunohistopathology in pigs infected with highly virulent or less virulent strains of hog cholera virus. | eight pigs were inoculated subcutaneously with a highly virulent hog cholera virus (hcv) strain ald. the infected pigs developed severe illness and became moribund on postinoculation day (pid) 7 or pid 10. histologic lesions were characterized by severe generalized vasculitis, necrosis of lymphocytes, and encephalitis. hcv antigen was detected in crypt tonsilar epithelial cells, macrophages, and reticular endothelial cells of lymphoid tissues. antigen localization corresponded well with histolog ... | 2000 | 11055862 |
| the genetic basis for cytopathogenicity of pestiviruses. | two biotypes of pestiviruses, cytopathogenic (cp) and noncp viruses, can be distinguished by their effects on tissue culture cells. identification of cp bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) has been frequently reported since antigenically closely related noncp and cp bvdv can be isolated from cattle with fatal mucosal disease (md) and are called a virus pair. in contrast to the bvdv system, only few cp border disease virus (bdv) and cp classical swine fever virus (csfv) strains have been described ... | 2000 | 11042405 |
| detection of classical swine fever virus in semen of infected boars. | during the classical swine fever (csf) epidemic in 1997 in the eu member states germany, italy, spain and the netherlands, boars in an artificial insemination (ai) centre were found to be infected with csf virus. this raised a question of epidemiological importance which could not be answered immediately. can csf virus be shed by semen of infected boars and what conclusions concerning the risk of spreading csf infection by semen can be drawn. experimental studies were conducted to answer this qu ... | 2000 | 11042404 |
| safety and efficacy of a classical swine fever subunit vaccine in pregnant sows and their offspring. | in the study three groups with five pregnant sows each were used. the animals were vaccinated twice, 2 weeks apart, in different stages of gestation, i.e. +/-4, +/-8 and +/-12 weeks after insemination and then 14 days later, respectively. from each group of sows three litters were randomly selected and vaccinated twice, 4 weeks apart, at 5 and 9, 7 and 11, and 9 and 13 weeks of life, respectively. blood for serological investigations by virus neutralisation test and elisa tests (for e(rns) antib ... | 2000 | 11042403 |
| efficacy of the classical swine fever (csf) marker vaccine porcilis pesti in pregnant sows. | the efficacy of the classical swine fever (csf) subunit marker vaccine porcilis pesti based on baculovirus expressed envelope glycoprotein e2 of csf virus (csfv) was evaluated in pregnant sows. ten gilts were vaccinated with one dose of marker vaccine, followed by a second dose 4 weeks later. four gilts remained unvaccinated and received a placebo at the same times. thirty-three days after the second vaccination all animals were artificially inseminated. neither local or systemic reactions nor a ... | 2000 | 11042402 |
| classical swine fever virus: a second ring test to evaluate rt-pcr detection methods. | six laboratories participated in a study to compare the sensitivity and specificity of rt-pcr tests for the detection of classical swine fever virus (csfv). sets of coded samples were prepared by serial dilution of positive samples and then distributed to each of the laboratories. one set comprised 25 samples of random primed cdna, synthesised from viral rna representative of different pestiviruses. the other set comprised samples of blood and serum obtained from virus-free or csfv-infected pigs ... | 2000 | 11042401 |
| genetic typing of classical swine fever virus isolates from the territory of the czech republic. | epizootiological studies based on genetic typing were performed using 14 isolates from outbreaks of classical swine fever (csf) in domestic pigs and wild boar in the czech republic which occurred between 1991 and 1998. they were compared with austrian, slovakian, hungarian, polish and german isolates. the aim of this study was to characterise the csf virus isolates and find out the possible relationships between the outbreaks in domestic pigs and wild boar, and to map the spread of the virus in ... | 2000 | 11042400 |
| a serological survey on classical swine fever (csf), aujeszky's disease (ad) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) virus infections in french wild boars from 1991 to 1998. | in early 1992, a csf epizootic was clinically recognised in a wild boar population of approximately 1300 animals within an area of 250km(2) located in the east of france. in order to check the csf situation in wild boars outside this area, a serological survey was carried out in the rest of france, for 8 consecutive years (1991-1998). this paper reports on the results obtained during this survey which included wild boars shot during the hunting period but also boars reared within fences. around ... | 2000 | 11042399 |
| epidemiology of classical swine fever in germany in the 1990s. | in germany, 424 outbreaks of csf in domestic pigs and a great number of cases in wild boar were recorded between 1990 and 1998. most of the federal states ('bundesländer') were affected. epidemiological data from field investigations combined with genetic typing allowed to distinguish seven unrelated epidemics and a number of sporadic outbreaks in domestic pigs. detailed epidemiological data was available for 327 outbreaks. it was found that 28% of these were primary outbreaks. most of them were ... | 2000 | 11042398 |
| molecular epidemiology of a large classical swine fever epidemic in the european union in 1997-1998. | a big epidemic of classical swine fever (csf) occurred in the european community in 1997. the first case was reported at the beginning of january 1997 from germany. the disease presumably spread to the netherlands, and from there to italy, spain and eventually to belgium. about 30 isolates from these outbreaks were analysed by comparison of the nucleotide sequence data generated from fragments of both the e2 glycoprotein gene (190 nucleotides) and from the 5'-nontranslated region (5'-ntr; 150 nu ... | 2000 | 11042397 |
| origins of the csf outbreak. | 2000 | 11037735 | |
| african swine fever virus protease, a new viral member of the sumo-1-specific protease family. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is a complex dna virus that employs polyprotein processing at gly-gly-xaa sites as a strategy to produce several major core components of the viral particle. the virus gene s273r encodes a 31-kda protein that contains a "core domain" with the conserved catalytic residues characteristic of sumo-1-specific proteases and the adenovirus protease. using a cos cell expression system, it was found that protein ps273r is capable of cleaving the viral polyproteins pp62 an ... | 2001 | 11031264 |
| an experimental infection with classical swine fever in e2 sub-unit marker-vaccine vaccinated and in non-vaccinated pigs. | the clinical and virological protection induced by an e2 sub-unit marker-vaccine against classical swine fever (csf) was examined during an experimental infection in vaccinated and non-vaccinated pigs. forty-five pigs were equally distributed over three adjacent pens of an isolation unit, there was only indirect (airborne) contact between pigs in the different pens. in pen 3 all pigs were vaccinated twice with 4 weeks interval. pigs in pens 1 and 2 were not vaccinated. two weeks after booster va ... | 2000 | 11027811 |
| chimeric classical swine fever viruses containing envelope protein e(rns) or e2 of bovine viral diarrhoea virus protect pigs against challenge with csfv and induce a distinguishable antibody response. | three chimeric classical swine fever virus (csfv)/bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) full-length dna copies were constructed, based on the infectious dna copy of the csfv vaccine strain c. the antigenic region of e2 and/or the complete e(rns) gene were replaced by the analogous sequence of bvdv ii strain 5250. viable chimeric virus flc11, in which e(rns) was replaced, was directly recovered from supernatant of sk6.t7 cells transfected with full-length dna. viable chimeric virus flc9, in which e ... | 2000 | 11027808 |
| iridovirus homologues of cellular genes--implications for the molecular evolution of large dna viruses. | iridoviruses belong to the group of large cytoplasmic deoxyriboviruses and infect either insects or vertebrates. in analogy to other large dna viruses of eucaryotes it was found that iridoviruses encode a number of cellular protein homologues. the majority of these proteins represent orthologues of cellular enzymes involved in transcription, replication, and nucleotide metabolism. others may have the potential to interfere with cell cycle regulation or immune defence mechanisms of the host. this ... | 2000 | 11022791 |
| csf virus in east anglia: where from? | 2000 | 11014491 | |
| characterization of lesions caused by a south american virulent isolate ('quillota') of the hog cholera virus. | in this study, macroscopic and histopathological lesions produced by a virulent south american isolate ('quillota') of hog cholera virus were studied. the virus was inoculated in doses of 10(5)tcid50 in each of 35 pigs of 20 kg live weight. the animals were slaughtered from 4 to 18 days post-inoculation. the presence of virus antigens in lymphatic tissue was confirmed by both direct immunofluorescence and avidin-biotin-peroxidase techniques in formalin-embedded tissue samples. histological secti ... | 2000 | 11014061 |
| bacterial lipoprotein based expression vectors as tools for the characterisation of african swine fever virus (asfv) antigens. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is the causative agent of an important pig disease for which protective mechanisms are still poorly understood. the present work was aimed at the characterisation of asfv antigens using previously reported vectors that allow their expression as fusion proteins with the bacterial lipoprotein opri. several recombinant clones induced sla-restricted, asfv-specific lymphoproliferation and one (a2) was demonstrated to stimulate asfv-specific ctl activity in vitro, in o ... | 2000 | 11003474 |
| [the leukocyte count is a valuable parameter for detecting classical swine fever]. | in this paper we describe a study of the use of the white blood cell count (wbcc) as a parameter for detecting outbreaks of classical swine fever (csf). meta-analysis of the results of challenge experiments revealed that oronasal infection of spf-pigs with the virulent csf virus (csfv) strains brescia or nl9201 resulted in a significant decrease in the average white blood cell count during the first week after inoculation of the virus. challenge of conventional finishing pigs and sows with the m ... | 2000 | 11002499 |
| passage of classical swine fever virus in cultured swine kidney cells selects virus variants that bind to heparan sulfate due to a single amino acid change in envelope protein e(rns). | infection of cells with classical swine fever virus (csfv) is mediated by the interaction of envelope glycoprotein e(rns) and e2 with the cell surface. in this report we studied the role of the cell surface glycoaminoglycans (gags), chondroitin sulfates a, b, and c (cs-a, -b, and -c), and heparan sulfate (hs) in the initial binding of csfv strain brescia to cells. removal of hs from the surface of swine kidney cells (sk6) by heparinase i treatment almost completely abolished infection of these c ... | 2000 | 11000226 |
| african swine fever virus protein a238l interacts with the cellular phosphatase calcineurin via a binding domain similar to that of nfat. | the african swine fever virus protein a238l inhibits activation of nfat transcription factor by binding calcineurin and inhibiting its phosphatase activity. nfat controls the expression of many immunomodulatory proteins. here we describe a 14-amino-acid region of a238l that is needed and sufficient for binding to calcineurin. by introducing mutations within this region, we have identified a motif (pxixitxc/s) required for a238l binding to calcineurin; a similar motif is found in nfat proteins. p ... | 2000 | 11000210 |
| the cellular immune recognition of proteins expressed by an african swine fever virus random genomic library. | the cellular immune recognition of peptides expressed by an african swine fever virus (asfv) random genomic library has been studied. dna from the malawi (lil20/1) asfv isolate was randomly sheared by sonication, cloned into a plasmid vector downstream of a bacteriophage t7 promoter, and 72 recombinant plasmids were arbitrarily selected. these plasmids were transiently expressed following transfection into major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i(+) class ii(-) matched pig skin cells, whic ... | 2000 | 10986387 |
| prospective characterization of full-length hepatitis c virus ns5a quasispecies during induction and combination antiviral therapy. | the hepatitis c virus (hcv) nonstructural 5a (ns5a) protein has been controversially implicated in the inherent resistance of hcv to interferon (ifn) antiviral therapy in clinical studies. in this study, the relationship between ns5a mutations and selection pressures before and during antiviral therapy and virologic response to therapy were investigated. full-length ns5a clones were sequenced from 20 hcv genotype 1-infected patients in a prospective, randomized clinical trial of ifn induction (d ... | 2000 | 10982347 |
| detection of porcine enteroviruses by nrt-pcr: differentiation of cpe groups i-iii with specific primer sets. | porcine enteroviruses (pev) comprising at least 13 serotypes grouped into three species are described as causative agents of neurological disorders, fertility disorders, and dermal lesions of swine. despite their well-documented acid stability, enteric infection route, and similarity of clinical symptoms, most of the porcine enterovirus (pev) serotypes are set apart from the genus enterovirus of the picornaviridae. hence, pcr procedures used commonly to detect enteroviruses are not applicable to ... | 2000 | 10960708 |
| ultrastructural glomerular changes in experimental infection with the classical swine fever virus. | ultrastructural studies of glomerular changes were performed on 16 pigs experimentally infected with a highly virulent strain of the classical swine fever virus. our observations revealed the thickening of glomerular basement membranes, swelling of endothelial cells and cytoplasmic vacuolization within podocytes containing abundant viral particles. an early viral infection of podocytes was suggested as the cause of selective swelling of the foot processes of these cells with the consequent oblit ... | 2000 | 10958244 |
| prevention of transplacental transmission of moderate-virulent classical swine fever virus after single or double vaccination with an e2 subunit vaccine. | the use of a vaccine against classical swine fever virus (csfv) during an outbreak of csf should lead to a reduction in the horizontal or vertical transmission of csfv. the reduction of vertical, i.e. transplacental, transmission of a moderate-virulent strain of csfv from the sow to its offspring was studied in sows vaccinated once or twice with a csfv e2 subunit vaccine. two groups of nine sows were vaccinated with one pd95 dose of the e2 subunit vaccine, approximately four weeks before insemin ... | 2000 | 10952445 |
| mechanism of inactivation of nf-kappa b by a viral homologue of i kappa b alpha. signal-induced release of i kappa b alpha results in binding of the viral homologue to nf-kappa b. | activation of the nuclear factor kappa b plays a key role in viral pathogenesis, resulting in inflammation and modulation of the immune response. we have previously shown that a238l, an open reading frame from african swine fever virus (asfv), encoding a protein with 40% homology to porcine i kappa b alpha exerts a potent anti-inflammatory effect in host macrophages, where it down-regulates nf-kappa b-dependent gene transcription and proinflammatory cytokine production. this paper reveals the me ... | 2000 | 10934190 |
| structure of african swine fever virus late promoters: requirement of a tata sequence at the initiation region. | a number of mutations, including deletions, linker scan substitutions, and point mutations, were performed in the promoter of the late african swine fever virus (asfv) gene coding for the capsid protein p72. the consequences of the mutations in terms of promoter activity were analyzed by luciferase assays using plasmids transfected into infected cells. the results showed that the promoter function is contained between nucleotides -36 and +5 relative to the transcription initiation site. moreover ... | 2000 | 10933729 |
| sequence analysis of e2 glycoprotein genes of classical swine fever viruses: identification of a novel genogroup in thailand. | thirty classical swine fever viruses (csfv) isolated in thailand between 1988 and 1996 were characterised by genetic sequence analysis of a part of their e2 coding regions, comparing the new data with that for representative reference viruses from other countries and continents. thai isolates were divided into three distinct genogroups, indicating multiple origins for the outbreaks. eighteen isolates from 1988-1995 form a new genogroup not previously described from any other geographical region. ... | 2000 | 10916939 |
| pathogenesis of classical swine fever: renal haemorrhages and erythrodiapedesis. | thirty pigs were inoculated with a virulent isolate (quillota strain) of classical swine fever (hog cholera) virus to establish the chronological occurrence of lesions in the kidney and to determine the mechanism responsible for renal haemorrhages. the study included the use of histopathological, ultrastructural, immunohistochemical (detection of viral antigen gp55, mac387, lambda chains, cd3 and c1q) and morphometrical techniques (vascular area). renal interstitial oedema and haemorrhages were ... | 2000 | 10906255 |
| experimental infections of rabbits with rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus monitored by polymerase chain reaction. | adult and 4-5-week-old rabbits were inoculated subcutaneously with rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (rhdv). samples were prepared from various tissues at intervals postinoculation (pi) for the detection of viral rna and antigens. using a haemagglutination test (hat), viral antigens were detected in the liver, bile and spleen of the adult rabbits at and after 36 h pi. the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt - pcr) showed that rhdvrna was present in the liver, bile and spleen as e ... | 2000 | 10877972 |
| pathogenesis of granulocytopenia and bone marrow atrophy during classical swine fever involves apoptosis and necrosis of uninfected cells. | granulocytopenia, a hematological hallmark of classical swine fever, is partially responsible for the suppression of innate immune defenses during classical swine fever. the present report demonstrates that this depletion was apparent as early as 3 days postinfection (p.i.). both mature peripheral and bone marrow neutrophils were affected, whereas immature neutrophils increased absolutely in the periphery and coincidentally immature myeloid progenitors in the bone marrow. these data suggest that ... | 2000 | 10873748 |
| an outbreak of african swine fever in nigeria: virus isolation and molecular characterization of the vp72 gene of a first isolate from west africa. | the isolation of 98/asf/ng, a strain of african swine fever virus (asfv) associated with a 1998 epizootic in nigeria, is reported. this first isolate of the virus from west africa was identified through a successful polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification and sequencing of a 280 base pair (bp) fragment of the major capsid protein (vp72) gene. further amplification and sequence analysis of a 1.9 kilobase pair (kbp) fragment encompassing the complete vp72 gene showed that the isolate has a 9 ... | 2000 | 10872875 |
| mechanism of action of a pestivirus antiviral compound. | we report here the discovery of a small molecule inhibitor of pestivirus replication. the compound, designated vp32947, inhibits the replication of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in cell culture at a 50% inhibitory concentration of approximately 20 nm. vp32947 inhibits both cytopathic and noncytopathic pestiviruses, including isolates of bvdv-1, bvdv-2, border disease virus, and classical swine fever virus. however, the compound shows no activity against viruses from unrelated virus groups. ... | 2000 | 10869440 |
| apoptosis in the lymphatic organs of piglets inoculated with classical swine fever virus. | the involvement of apoptosis in the lymphatic organs of piglets infected with classical swine fever (csf) virus was investigated. piglets were inoculated with csf virus and 3, 5, 7 and 10 days post inoculation (dpi), the thymus, spleen and lymph node were examined. in the thymus cortex, macrophages phagocytizing the nuclear remnants or apoptotic bodies increased after 3 dpi. thymus atrophy due to the loss of the cortex increased markedly during the observation period. compact and shrunken nuclei ... | 2000 | 10865147 |
| genetic grouping of classical swine fever virus by restriction fragment length polymorphism of the e2 gene. | a method for genetic grouping of classical swine fever viruses (csfv) was developed based on the restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) revealed by avaii, banii and pvuii digestion of rt-pcr amplified segments of the e2 gene. from inspection of the genetic sequences of thai isolates and reference strains, the rflp method was designed to be capable of differentiating all known genogroups and subgenogroups suggested by phylogenetic analysis of the csfv e2 gene. the method was applied to 6 ... | 2000 | 10856761 |
| rescue of infectious classical swine fever and foot-and-mouth disease virus by rna transfection and virus detection by rt-pcr after extended storage of samples in trizol. | a method for storing samples containing classical swine fever virus (csfv) or foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), respectively, was developed, which abolishes the infectivity of both plus strand rna viruses, and allows storage of samples above 0 degrees c for an extended time, yet preserves the viral rna in a state which allows its detection by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), and even rescue of infectious virus after transfection of the extracted rna into susceptible c ... | 2000 | 10856750 |
| analysis of classical swine fever virus replication kinetics allows differentiation of highly virulent from avirulent strains. | to study the replication of classical swine fever virus (csfv) in cell culture, kinetics of viral plus-strand rna synthesis, of viral structural and non-structural protein expression as well as of secreted and cell-associated infectious virus were determined. highly virulent, moderately virulent and avirulent strains that were tested in standardized animal experiments to confirm their virulence were used to search for in vitro parameters allowing the differentiation of strains according to their ... | 2000 | 10831853 |
| detection of low-virulent classical swine fever virus in blood of experimentally infected animals: comparison of different methods. | the effectiveness of virus isolation, commercial antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), and flow cytometry in detection of a low-virulent classical swine fever virus (csfv) in blood in the early period of infection was evaluated. domestic pigs at the age of 6-8 weeks and young wild boars were inoculated with a low-virulent field isolate of csfv originating from a wild boar. this virus induced serious clinical reaction in only ... | 1999 | 10825927 |