Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| the rk39 immunochromatic dipstick testing: a study for k39 seroprevalence in dogs and human leishmaniasis patients for possible animal reservoir of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis in endemic focus of satluj river valley of himachal pradesh (india). | the newly recognized endemic focus of leishmaniasis in satluj river valley of himachal pradesh (india) has both localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (lcl) and visceral leishmaniasis (vl) predominantly caused by leishmania donovani. rapid rk39 immunochromatographic dipstick test detects circulating antibodies to recombinant k39 antigen of l. donovani-infantum complex and is highly specific/sensitive in diagnosing symptomatic or asymptomatic infection in humans and dogs. | 2009 | 19172032 |
| vaccination route that induces transforming growth factor beta production fails to elicit protective immunity against leishmania donovani infection. | balb/c mice immunized intraperitoneally (i.p.) and intravenously (i.v.) with leishmania donovani promastigote membrane antigens (lag), either free or encapsulated in liposomes, were protected against challenge infection with l. donovani, whereas mice immunized by the subcutaneous (s.c.) and intramuscular routes were not protected. protected mice showed strong parasite resistance in both the liver and spleen, along with enhanced immunoglobulin g2a and delayed-type hypersensitivity responses. agai ... | 2009 | 19168736 |
| kmp-11 dna immunization significantly protects against l. donovani infection but requires exogenous il-12 as an adjuvant for comparable protection against l. major. | as vaccine potential of cross-species protection by a candidate antigen is less explored, in this study we compared cross-specific protective efficacy of kinetoplastid membrane protein-11 (kmp-11) as a dna vaccine alone and in conjunction with exogenous il-12 administration in experimental balb/c model against two most widely prevalent forms of clinical diseases caused by leishmania major (lm) and leishmania donovani (ld). whereas, kmp-11 dna vaccination alone showed significant potential in ter ... | 2009 | 19162111 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania chagasi/le. infantum in an endemic area of guarico state, venezuela. | this study reports cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) caused by leishmania chagasi/le. infantum in venezuela, with some atypical characteristics. out of 63 cases of cl in the suburbs of altagracia de orituco, guarico state, venezuela, 30 presented clinical, parasitological, immunological and epidemiological features different from those of the classical cl known in the country. the initial lesion was small and nodular, which, if not treated, might progress to a superficial ulcer. no secondary infectio ... | 2009 | 19150102 |
| paromomycin: uptake and resistance in leishmania donovani. | paromomycin is currently in phase iv clinical trials against leishmaniasis. in the present work we elucidate the effect and mechanism of uptake of paromomycin in leishmania donovani. the in vitro sensitivities of both promastigotes and amastigotes were determined to this aminoglycoside. association of paromomycin with l. donovani involved a rapid initial phase that was non-saturable up to 1mm of the drug. this initial phase was largely independent of temperature and not affected by metabolic inh ... | 2009 | 19146886 |
| screening of agelasine d and analogs for inhibitory activity against pathogenic protozoa; identification of hits for visceral leishmaniasis and chagas disease. | there is an urgent need for novel and improved drugs against several tropical diseases caused by protozoa. the marine sponge (agelas sp.) metabolite agelasine d, as well as other agelasine analogs and related structures were screened for inhibitory activity against plasmodium falciparum, leishmania infantum, trypanosoma brucei and t. cruzi, as well as for toxicity against mrc-5 fibroblast cells. many compounds displayed high general toxicity towards both the protozoa and mrc-5 cells. however, tw ... | 2009 | 19136916 |
| primary laryngeal leishmaniasis: a rare case report. | laryngeal leishmaniasis is extremely rare. we report a case of primary laryngeal leishmaniasis in a 70-year-old male who was admitted with complaints of gradual progressive hoarseness of the voice, dyspnea, cough for the past 3 months and noisy breathing for the past 5 days. an x-ray of the soft tissue of the neck showed a prevertebral soft tissue mass causing narrowing of the airway at the c6-c7 vertebral level. a computerized tomography (ct) scan showed a soft tissue mass in the subglottic reg ... | 2009 | 19136784 |
| phlebotomus (euphlebotomus) barguesae n. sp. from thailand (diptera - psychodidae). | abstract: | 2009 | 19128518 |
| two cases of kala-azar in haryana with no evidence of local transmission. | 2008 | 19127677 | |
| diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis associated with the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. | leishmaniasis is an emerging disease in hiv-infected persons; visceral leishmaniasis is an aids-defining opportunistic infection. the parasite that causes this infection is usually transmitted by the sandfly and occasionally by nonsterile needles among intravenous drug users. diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (dcl) is a rare anergic variant of leishmanial infection with the characteristic presentation of numerous nonulcerating nodules with an abundant parasite load, lack of visceral involvement, n ... | 2008 | 19126013 |
| potentiation by cigarette smoke of macrophage function against leishmania donovani infection. | cigarette smoke is able to induce the generation of reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are mediators of macrophage function and therefore, we have investigated the ability of cigarette smoke to activate leishmania donovani infected peritoneal macrophage. | 2009 | 19115041 |
| rna editing and mitochondrial activity in promastigotes and amastigotes of leishmania donovani. | kinetoplast maxicircle dna sequence organisation was investigated in leishmania donovani, strain 1s ldbob. gene arrangement in the coding (conserved) region of the maxicircle is collinear with that of most trypanosomatids, with individual genes showing 80-90% nucleotide identity to leishmania tarentolae, strain uc. the notable exception was an integration of a full-size minicircle sequence in the nd1 gene coding region found in l. donovani. editing patterns of the mitochondrial mrnas investigate ... | 2009 | 19109964 |
| leishmania-induced irak-1 inactivation is mediated by shp-1 interacting with an evolutionarily conserved ktim motif. | parasites of the leishmania genus can rapidly alter several macrophage (mø) signalling pathways in order to tame down the innate immune response and inflammation, therefore favouring their survival and propagation within their mammalian host. having recently reported that leishmania and bacterial lps generate a significantly stronger inflammatory response in animals and phagocytes functionally deficient for the src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (shp-1), we hypothesize ... | 2008 | 19104650 |
| identification of old world leishmania spp. by specific polymerase chain reaction amplification of cysteine proteinase b genes and rapid dipstick detection. | we used the cysteine proteinase b (cpb) gene family of the trypanosomatid genus leishmania as a target to develop rapid, specific, and easy-to-use polymerase chain reaction (pcr) tests to discriminate leishmania infantum, leishmania donovani, leishmania tropica, leishmania aethiopica, and leishmania major. identification of all 5 old world species and validation of intraspecies variability are features lacking in other species-specific pcrs. amplicon analysis was done on agarose gels and was fur ... | 2009 | 19097841 |
| n-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide-amphotericin b (hpma-amb) copolymer conjugates as antileishmanial agents. | leishmaniasis is a major health problem in many parts of the world, caused by various species of leishmania. amastigotes are the clinically relevant form of the parasite in the human host and reside in the parasitophorous vacuole within macrophages. polymer-drug conjugates have been used for lysosomotropic drug delivery and have already shown potential in anticancer and antileishmanial chemotherapy. we synthesised n-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide-amphotericin b (hpma-amb) copolymer conjugates i ... | 2009 | 19097763 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis in sri lanka: a study of possible animal reservoirs. | cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) has been detected with increasing frequency in sri lanka in recent years. leishmania donovani has been identified as the causative agent, but no information is available on vector(s) or reservoir(s). in this paper we present data on the screening of possible reservoirs for evidence of infection. | 2009 | 19095480 |
| aryloxy cyclohexyl imidazoles: a novel class of antileishmanial agents. | thirteen novel aryloxy cyclohexane-based mono and bis imidazoles were synthesized and evaluated in vitro as antileishmanials against leishmania donovani and cytotoxicity assessed. these compounds were better than the existing drugs, sodium stibogluconate and pentamidine in respect to ic(50) and si values. promising compounds were tested further in vivo. among all, the bis methylimidazole with 2-fluoro, 4-nitro aryloxy group (9) exhibited significant in vivo inhibition of 77.9%, thus providing ne ... | 2009 | 19091566 |
| synthesis and evaluation of 2-pyridyl pyrimidines with in vitro antiplasmodial and antileishmanial activity. | a series of 2-pyridyl pyrimidines, reported inhibitors of plasmodium falciparum methionine aminopeptidase 1b were synthesized and evaluated for their antiplasmodial activities. an analysis of physicochemical properties demonstrated a link between lipophilicity and antiparasitic activity. cross screening of the library against cultured leishmania donovani parasites revealed this class of compounds as potent inhibitors of parasite development in vitro. | 2009 | 19091562 |
| antileishmanial activity, pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution studies of mannose-grafted amphotericin b lipid nanospheres. | leishmania parasite resides mainly in the liver and the spleen and multiplies. effective therapy of leishmaniasis could be achieved by delivering antileishmanial drugs to these sites. present investigations were aimed at developing lipid nanospheres of amphotericin b (ln-a) anchored with mannose to achieve targeted delivery to the liver. mannose is specifically involved in the recognition of parasite or appropriate ligands on the macrophage surface ln-a, and mannose-anchored lipid nanospheres (l ... | 2009 | 19089691 |
| 9- o-acetylated sialic acids enhance entry of virulent leishmania donovani promastigotes into macrophages. | summary: distribution of 9-o-acetylated sialic acids (9-o-acsa) on leishmania donovani has been previously reported. considering their role in recognition, the differential distribution of sialic acids especially 9-o-acetylated sialic acids in avirulent (ur6) versus virulent (ag83 and ge1) promastigotes of leishmania donovani and its role in entry into macrophages was explored. fluorimetric-hplc, fluorimetric determination and elisa revealed 14-, 8- and 5-fold lower sialic acids in ur6 as compar ... | 2009 | 19079847 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis with lymphadenopathy due to leishmania donovani. | we describe a case of cutaneous leishmaniasis with lymphadenopathy due to leishmania donovani, which was successfully treated with oral miltefosine. given the increased prevalence of travelling, patients presenting with lymph-node enlargement should have leishmaniasis included in the differential diagnosis even in the absence of typical ulceration. | 2009 | 19077092 |
| immunochromatographic rk39 strip test in the serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in tunisia. | the performance of the rk39 strip test in the diagnosis of tunisian visceral leishmaniasis (vl) was evaluated and compared with that of immunofluorescent antibody test (ifat). a total of 929 sera, including 574 from vl patients, 54 from cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) patients, 42 from patients with other protozoan diseases, 152 from patients with non-parasitic diseases and 107 from healthy controls, were used in the study. the sensitivity and specificity of the rk39 strip test were 87.1 and 94.4%, ... | 2009 | 19070876 |
| leishmania donovani lipophosphoglycan inhibits phagosomal maturation via action on membrane rafts. | lipophosphoglycan (lpg), the major surface glycoconjugate on leishmania donovani promastigotes, is crucial for the establishment of infection inside macrophages. lpg comprises a polymer of repeating galbeta1,4manalpha-po(4) attached to a lysophosphatidylinositol membrane anchor. lpg is transferred from the parasite to the host macrophage membrane during phagocytosis and induces periphagosomal f-actin accumulation correlating with an inhibition of phagosomal maturation. the biophysical properties ... | 2009 | 19070677 |
| antiparasitic, nematicidal and antifouling constituents from juniperus berries. | a bioassay-guided fractionation of juniperus procera berries yielded antiparasitic, nematicidal and antifouling constituents, including a wide range of known abietane, pimarane and labdane diterpenes. among these, abieta-7,13-diene (1) demonstrated in vitro antimalarial activity against plasmodium falciparum d6 and w2 strains (ic(50) = 1.9 and 2.0 microg/ml, respectively), while totarol (6), ferruginol (7) and 7beta-hydroxyabieta-8,13-diene-11,12-dione (8) inhibited leishmania donovani promastig ... | 2008 | 19067375 |
| sandflies and sandfly-borne infections of humans in central europe in the light of climate change. | in europe, sandflies (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae) are typical mediterranean faunal elements of low expansivity, which are widely distributed in more than 20 species in many parts of southern europe. a few species have extended their distribution to the northwest invading extramediterranean regions (western, eastern europe); any occurrence in central europe north of the alps was excluded until recently. since 1999 sandflies have been found in several parts in germany and in belgium; orig ... | 2008 | 19066768 |
| leishmania donovani ornithine decarboxylase is indispensable for parasite survival in the mammalian host. | mutations within the polyamine biosynthetic pathway of leishmania donovani, the etiological agent of visceral leishmaniasis, confer polyamine auxotrophy to the insect vector or promastigote form of the parasite. however, whether the infectious or amastigote form of the parasite requires an intact polyamine pathway has remained an open question. to address this issue, conditionally lethal deltaodc mutants lacking ornithine decarboxylase (odc), the rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis, w ... | 2009 | 19064633 |
| redox-active dinitrodiphenylthioethers against leishmania: synthesis, structure-activity relationships and mechanism of action studies. | btb 06237 (2-[(2,4-dichloro-5-methylphenyl)sulfanyl]-1,3-dinitro-5-(trifluoromethyl) benzene), a compound previously identified through qsar pharmacophore development and a virtual screen of the maybridge database, possesses potent and selective activity against leishmania parasites. in the present study, several analogs of btb 06237 were synthesized and analyzed for activity against leishmania axenic amastigotes, their ability to reduce the level of parasitemia in peritoneal macrophages, and th ... | 2009 | 19058972 |
| bisphosphonate inhibition of a plasmodium farnesyl diphosphate synthase and a general method for predicting cell-based activity from enzyme data. | we screened 26 bisphosphonates against a farnesyl diphosphate synthase from plasmodium vivax, finding a poor correlation between enzyme and cell growth inhibition (r(2) = 0.06). to better predict cell activity data, we then used a combinatorial descriptor search in which pic(50)(cell) = a pic(50)(enzyme) + bb + cc + d, where b and c are descriptors (such as slogp), and a-d are coefficients. r(2) increased from 0.01 to 0.74 (for a leave-two-out test set of 26 predictions). the method was then fur ... | 2008 | 19053772 |
| expression of vflip in a lentiviral vaccine vector activates nf-{kappa}b, matures dendritic cells, and increases cd8+ t-cell responses. | lentiviral vectors deliver antigens to dendritic cells (dcs) in vivo, but they do not trigger dc maturation. we therefore expressed a viral protein that constitutively activates nf-kappab, vflip from kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv), in a lentivector to mature dcs. vflip activated nf-kappab in mouse bone marrow-derived dcs in vitro and matured these dcs to a similar extent as lipopolysaccharide; costimulatory markers cd80, cd86, cd40, and icam-1 were upregulated and tumor necrosis ... | 2009 | 19036811 |
| quassin alters the immunological patterns of murine macrophages through generation of nitric oxide to exert antileishmanial activity. | the aim of this study was to characterize the in vitro antileishmanial activity of quassin, a traditional chinese herbal medicine. | 2009 | 19036753 |
| one-step generation of double-allele gene replacement mutants in leishmania donovani. | due to the apparent lack of sexual recombination in leishmania spp., gene replacement strategies in this diploid organism necessitate the subsequent targeting of two gene alleles by using two constructs, bearing different antibiotic resistance markers. this approach is time consuming and often gives rise to spontaneous amplification of the targeted gene, nullifying efforts to create functional null mutants. here, we show that by using two homologous recombination constructs in a co-transfection ... | 2009 | 19028498 |
| in vitro susceptibility of field isolates of leishmania donovani to miltefosine and amphotericin b: correlation with sodium antimony gluconate susceptibility and implications for treatment in areas of endemicity. | indian leishmania donovani isolates (n = 19) from regional zones representing various levels of antimony resistance displayed significantly (p < 0.01) correlated results with respect to in vitro susceptibility to the antileishmanial drugs sodium antimony gluconate, amphotericin b, and miltefosine, raising the possibility of cross-resistance mechanisms operating in the field isolates. the results of gene expression analysis of ldmt and ldros3 were suggestive of alternate mechanisms of miltefosine ... | 2009 | 19015344 |
| synthesis and antiparasitic and antifungal evaluation of 2'-arylsubstituted-1h,1'h-[2,5']bisbenzimidazolyl-5-carboxamidines. | a series of 2'-arylsubstituted-1h,1'h-[2,5']-bisbenzimidazolyl-5-carboxamidines were prepared in a six-step process starting from 4-amino-3-nitrobenzonitrile. the antiparasitic activity against trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (t.b.r.), plasmodium falciparum (p.f.), leishmania donovani (l.d.) and trypanosoma cruzi (t.c.) and antifungal activity against candida albicans and candida krusei were evaluated in vitro. several compounds showed promising in vitro activity against t.b.r., p.f. and c. albic ... | 2009 | 19010569 |
| acute erythroid toxicity in visceral leishmaniasis: a rare complication of antimonial therapy. | the spectrum of side-effects of sodium stibogluconate is well described, however, little is known regarding the acute erythroid toxicity caused by this drug. we hereby present a case with this unusual complication of antimonial therapy. a 6-year-old male with leishmaniasis was started on parenteral sodium stibogluconate. during the course of treatment, his hemoglobin (hb) dropped from 7.2 g/dl to 3.5 g/dl. bone-marrow aspirate showed karyorrhexis in many erythroid precursors with several leishma ... | 2008 | 19008592 |
| antileishmanial constituents of the panamanian endophytic fungus edenia sp. | bioassay-directed fractionation of extracts from the fermentation broth and mycelium of the fungus edenia sp. led tothe isolation of five antileishmanial compounds, preussomerin eg1 (1), palmarumycin cp2 (2), palmarumycin cp17 (3), palmarumycin cp18 (4), and cj-12,371 (5). compounds 3 and 4 are new natural products, and this is only the second report of compound 1. the structures of compounds 1-5 were established by spectroscopic analyses (hrms and nmr). all metabolites caused significant inhibi ... | 2008 | 19007286 |
| udp-gal: n-acetylglucosamine beta 1-4 galactosyltransferase expressing live attenuated parasites as vaccine for visceral leishmaniasis. | as compared to cutaneous leishmaniasis, vaccination against visceral leishmaniasis (vl) has received limited attention. in this study, we demonstrate for the first time that an udp-galactose: n-acetylglucosamine beta 1-4 galactosyltransferase (genbank accession no. ef159943) expressing attenuated ld clonal population (a-ld) is able to confer protection against the experimental challenge with the virulent ld ag83 parasite. a-ld was also effective in established leishmania infection. the vaccinate ... | 2009 | 19005752 |
| visceral leishmaniasis on the indian sub-continent: a multi-centre study of the costs of three interventions for the control of the sandfly vector, phlebotomus argentipes. | the sandflies that transmit the parasites causing human visceral leishmaniasis (vl) can be controlled by several methods, including indoor residual spraying (irs), the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llin) and ecological vector management (evm). the financial costs of each of these three methods of sandfly control have recently been assessed and compared, in a multi-centre study based on the indian sub-continent. in each of the four study sites (two in nepal and one each in india and bang ... | 2008 | 19000390 |
| discovery of novel vaccine candidates and drug targets against visceral leishmaniasis using proteomics and transcriptomics. | among the three clinical forms (cutaneous, mucosal and visceral) of leishmaniasis visceral (vl) one is the most devastating type caused by the invasion of the reticuloendothelial system of human by leishmania donovani, l. infantum and l. chagasi. india and sudan account for about half the world's burden of vl. current control strategy is based on chemotherapy, which is difficult to administer, expensive and becoming ineffective due to the emergence of drug resistance. an understanding of resista ... | 2008 | 18991606 |
| synthesis of bodipy-labeled alkylphosphocholines with leishmanicidal activity, as fluorescent analogues of miltefosine. | two general synthetic methods are described, by which the highly fluorescent and photostable bodipy group can be inserted in and aligned with the alkyl backbone of linear lipids. these methods have been used to prepare strongly emitting analogues of the leishmanicidal drug miltefosine, in which the antiparasite activity in vitro of the original drug is preserved. | 2008 | 18990566 |
| in pursuit of natural product leads: synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-[3-hydroxy-2-[(3-hydroxypyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]phenyl]benzoxazole-4-carboxylic acid (a-33853) and its analogues: discovery of n-(2-benzoxazol-2-ylphenyl)benzamides as novel antileishmanial chemotypes. | the first synthesis and biological evaluation of antibiotic 31 (a-33853) and its analogues are reported. initial screening for inhibition of l. donovani, t. b. rhodesiense, t. cruzi, and p. falciparum cultures followed by determination of ic(50) in l. donovani and cytotoxicity on l6 cells revealed 31 to be 3-fold more active than miltefosine, a known antileishmanial drug. compounds 14, 15, and 25 selectively inhibited l. donovani at nanomolar concentrations and showed much lower cytotoxicity. | 2008 | 18989953 |
| withanolide z, a new chlorinated withanolide from withania somnifera. | reverse-phase preparative hplc analysis of the n-butanol fraction of the methanolic extract of withania somnifera dunal (leaves) afforded a novel chlorinated withanolide, namely withanolide z (1), along with four known withanolides, withanolide b (2), withanolide a (3), 27-hydroxywithanolide b (4) and withaferin a (5). their structures were elucidated by ir, ms, cd and a combination of 1 d and 2 d nmr spectral analyses. the leishmania donovani dna topoisomerase i inhibitory activities of the iso ... | 2008 | 18988152 |
| a glutathione-specific aldose reductase of leishmania donovani and its potential implications for methylglyoxal detoxification pathway. | methylglyoxal is mainly catabolized by two major enzymatic pathways. the first is the ubiquitous detoxification pathway, the glyoxalase pathway. in addition to the glyoxalase pathway, aldose reductase pathway also plays a crucial role in lowering the levels of methylglyoxal. the gene encoding aldose reductase (alr) has been cloned from leishmania donovani, a protozoan parasite causing visceral leishmaniasis. dna sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame (orf) of approximately 855 bp encod ... | 2009 | 18983902 |
| vaccination with a novel recombinant leishmania antigen plus mpl provides partial protection against l. donovani challenge in experimental model of visceral leishmaniasis. | the acquisition of immunity following subclinical or resolved infection with the intracellular parasite leishmania donovani suggests that vaccination could prevent visceral leishmaniasis. the characteristics and in vitro stimulating capability of the recombinant proteins expressed by previously identified clones on the basis of their capacity to stimulate an indigenously established leishmania-specific cell line leading to high level of ifn-gamma suggested these to be potential candidates for im ... | 2009 | 18983842 |
| multilocus microsatellite typing (mlmt) reveals genetic homogeneity of leishmania donovani strains in the indian subcontinent. | in this population genetic study of leishmania donovani parasites in the indian subcontinent, 132 isolates obtained from patients in bangladesh, india, nepal and sri lanka suffering from kala-azar (100), post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (pkdl) (25) and cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) (2), and from 5 patients whose clinical patterns were not defined, were analysed by using 15 hyper-variable microsatellite loci. multilocus microsatellite typing (mlmt) data were analysed by using a bayesian model-b ... | 2009 | 18957333 |
| leishmania donovani vs immunity: t-cells sensitized from leishmania of one donor may modulate their cytokines pattern on re-stimulation with leishmania from different donor in visceral leishmaniasis. | antimony resistance is frequently encountered during treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) and the differences are well characterized by inadequate ifn-gamma dominant type-1 protection mechanisms. the part played by leishmania parasites derived from antimony treated patients in the outcome of an immune response largely remains to be investigated. in the present study we observed that macrophages of balb/c mice infected with antimony non-responder (sag-nr) isolates had a greater amastigote bur ... | 2009 | 18948098 |
| structure and topology of slc11a1(164-191) with g169d mutation in membrane-mimetic environments. | solute carrier family 11 member 1 (slc11a1) is a proton-mediated divalent metal cation transporter with 12 putative transmembrane domains. variation in it reveals alterations in host resistance against intracellular pathogens. a naturally occurring glycine to aspartic acid mutation at position 169 (g169d) in the putative transmembrane domain 4 (tm4) makes mice susceptible to salmonella typhimurim, leishmania donovani, and mycobacterium bovis. in this work, a 28-residue peptide corresponding to s ... | 2009 | 18929666 |
| agglutination reaction in sera of rabbits immunized with different strains of leishmania donovani. | 1947 | 18906357 | |
| complement-fixation reaction in sera of rabbits actively immunized with living culture of leishmania donovani. | 1947 | 18906356 | |
| growth of protozoa in tissue culture; leishmania donovani. | 1948 | 18902144 | |
| studies on hemoflagellates; the specificity of serological reactions of leishmania donovani, l. brasiliensis, l. tropica, and trypanosoma cruzi. | 1947 | 18895743 | |
| the fate of leishmania donovani and leishmania tropica in the reduviid blood-sucking insect, triatoma. | 1948 | 18889624 | |
| selection of the most promising 2-substituted quinoline as antileishmanial candidate for clinical trials. | the antileishmanial evaluation of more than one hundred 2-substituted quinolines led us to identify three compounds for further studies: compound 1 (2-n-propylquinoline), compound 2 (2-(2methoxyethenyl)quinoline) and compound 3 (2-(2-hydroxyprop-2-enyl)quinoline). the final selection of a potential drug candidate was mainly based on chemical stability and acute oral toxicity as discriminating criteria. the most stable compound in various conditions was 2-n-propylquinoline (compound 1). only reve ... | 2008 | 18849137 |
| pharmacological and biological screening of ascorbigen: protection against glucose-induced endothelial cell toxicity. | cruciferous vegetables contain significant amounts of ascorbigen and related substances with known molecular structures. this study tested the hypothesis that ascorbigen demonstrates antioxidant properties and protects human umbilical cord endothelial cells against hyperglycemic toxicity in vitro. it was observed that ascorbigen, in micromolar concentrations, protected against endothelial cell death from glucose toxicity. additionally, ascorbigen at 3.0 mm shifted the concentration response curv ... | 2008 | 18844288 |
| monoclonal gammopathy after visceral leishmaniasis: just a coincidence? | the authors describe a case of monoclonal gammopathy occurring about six months after a visceral leishmaniasis. a literature survey suggests that strong antigenic stimulation caused by visceral leishmaniasis can induce monoclonal gammopathy in a predisposed subject. | 2008 | 18843217 |
| synthesis and antiprotozoal activity of cationic 2-phenylbenzofurans. | a series of cationically substituted 2-phenylbenzofurans 1- 49 have been synthesized, and their in vitro antiprotozoal properties against trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, plasmodium falciparum, and leishmania donovani, as well as cytotoxicity against mammalian cells, have been evaluated. eight dications exhibited antitrypanosomal activities comparable to that of pentamidine and melarsoprol. twenty-six compounds were more active than pentamidine, and seven dications demonstrated increased activiti ... | 2008 | 18841956 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect urinary antibody against recombinant rkrp42 antigen made from leishmania donovani for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. | we recently reported the production of the recombinant kinesin-related protein of leishmania donovani with a molecular weight of 42 kd (rkrp42) and the value of the antigen in serum-based elisa for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (vl). in this study, the rkrp42 antigen was validated with elisa using urine samples (rkrp42 urine elisa). the urine-based elisa showed 94% sensitivity (108 positives among 115 vl samples) and 99.6% specificity (239 negatives among 240 non-vl samples). the sensi ... | 2008 | 18840751 |
| leishmania donovani depletes labile iron pool to exploit iron uptake capacity of macrophage for its intracellular growth. | intracellular pathogens employ several strategies for iron acquisition from host macrophages for survival and growth, whereas macrophage resists infection by actively sequestering iron. here, we show that instead of allowing macrophage to sequester iron, protozoan parasite leishmania donovani (ld) uses a novel strategy to manipulate iron uptake mechanisms of the host and utilizes the taken up iron for its intracellular growth. to do so, intracellular ld directly scavenges iron from labile iron p ... | 2009 | 18823384 |
| withdrawn:curcumin, a dietary polyphenol, emerges as a novel inhibitor of dna topoisomerase i of kinetoplastid parasite leishmania donovani. | this paper published as an immediate publication on 29 september 2008 was withdrawn by the editorial board of the biochemical journal on 12 december 2008. | 2008 | 18823279 |
| hiv, visceral leishmaniasis and parkinsonism combined with diabetes mellitus and hyperuricaemia: a case report. | abstract: | 2008 | 18817545 |
| intracellular survival of leishmania species that cause visceral leishmaniasis is significantly reduced by hiv-1 protease inhibitors. | visceral leishmaniasis is now recognized as an opportunistic disease in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). although the usefulness of hiv-1 protease inhibitors (pis) in antiretroviral regimens is well documented, little is known about their potential impact in the setting of leishmania/hiv-1 coinfections. we now report that, although selected pis do not inhibit the growth of leishmania infantum promastigotes alone in culture, these drugs significantly inhibit ... | 2008 | 18816190 |
| l. (l.) chagasi in aids and visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) co-infection. | concomitant skin lesions in visceral leishmaniasis (vl) or kala-azar are rare, being more common the description of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis occurring post treatment of kala-azar. skin lesions caused by leishmania donovani are frequently seen in the aids-vl co-infection. in brazil cutaneous or mucosal forms of tegumentary leishmaniasis concomitant with aids are more commonly registered. here we present a case of aids-vl co-infection, with unusual cutaneous and digestive compromising a ... | 2008 | 18813767 |
| antileishmanial, antimalarial and antimicrobial activities of the extract and isolated compounds from austroplenckia populnea (celastraceae). | austroplenckia populnea (celastraceae), known as "marmelinho do campo", is used in brazilian folk medicine as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antitumoural agent. the aim of the present work was to evaluate the antimicrobial, antileishmanial and antimalarial activities of the crude hydroalcoholic extract of a. populnea (che) and some of its isolated compounds. the phytochemical study of the che was carried out affording the isolation of methyl populnoate (1), populnoic acid (2), and stigmas ... | 2008 | 18810991 |
| evidence for the presence of r250g mutation at the atpase domain of topoisomerase ii in an arsenite-resistant leishmania donovani exhibiting a differential drug inhibition profile. | resistance to operational drugs is a major barrier to successful antileishmanial chemotherapy that demands development of novel drug intervention strategies based on rational approaches. model drug resistance phenotypes, such as arsenite resistance used in the current study, facilitate our understanding of the mechanism of drug resistance and assist in identifying new drug target(s). the current study was undertaken to investigate the sensitivity of topoisomerase ii (topo ii) of arsenite-sensiti ... | 2009 | 18805675 |
| comparison of the immunomodulatory effects of l. donovani and l. major excreted-secreted antigens, particulate and soluble extracts and viable parasites on human dendritic cells. | in an experimental model of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (dcs), the immunophenotype of mature dcs infected with leishmania donovani and leishmania major showed a weak decrease in the cell surface expression of cd40, cd86, hla-dr and dc-sign compared with uninfected control dcs. this immunomodulatory effect was more pronounced after stimulation with excreted-secreted antigens (esa) of both species but absent after stimulation with particulate and soluble extracts. infection with viable ... | 2008 | 18804505 |
| diagnostic accuracy of a new leishmania pcr for clinical visceral leishmaniasis in nepal and its role in diagnosis of disease. | to develop a new pcr for leishmania detection and to estimate its diagnostic accuracy in a visceral leishmaniasis (vl) endemic area. | 2008 | 18803611 |
| prophylactic efficacy of high-molecular-weight antigenic fractions of a recent clinical isolate of leishmania donovani against visceral leishmaniasis. | t-cell mediated immune responses are key determinants to the natural course of infection caused by intracellular parasites such as leishmania. thus, t-cell activating proteins of these microbes continue to generate active interest particularly in view of their possible role in the design and development of newer and more effective vaccines. we have recently reported the presence of t-cell immunostimulatory antigens with the high-molecular-weight (mw) fractions (134-64.2 kda) of whole leishmania ... | 2008 | 18803606 |
| vcam-1 and vla-4 modulate dendritic cell il-12p40 production in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. | vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (vcam-1) interacts with its major ligand very late antigen-4 (vla-4) to mediate cell adhesion and transendothelial migration of leukocytes. we report an important role for vcam-1/vla-4 interactions in the generation of immune responses during experimental visceral leishmaniasis caused by leishmania donovani. our studies demonstrate that these molecules play no direct role in the recruitment of leukocytes to the infected liver, but instead contribute to il-12p40- ... | 2008 | 18802456 |
| long-term use of an antiinflammatory, curcumin, suppressed type 1 immunity and exacerbated visceral leishmaniasis in a chronic experimental model. | inflammation is considered the underlying cause of numerous disorders, and the practice of taking antiinflammatories as diet supplements has become increasingly prevalent. this study addresses the bioavailablity of a well-established dietary antiinflammatory, curcumin, and examines its effect on adaptive immunity. visceral leishmaniasis is a major parasitic disease which protection relies on cell-mediated immunity and production of nitric oxide. we found that long-term, low-dose, oral consumptio ... | 2008 | 18794851 |
| actin-depolymerizing factor, adf/cofilin, is essentially required in assembly of leishmania flagellum. | adf/cofilins are ubiquitous actin dynamics-regulating proteins that have been mainly implicated in actin-based cell motility. trypanosomatids, e.g. leishmania and trypanosoma, which mediate their motility through flagellum, also contain a putative adf/cofilin homologue, but its role in flagellar motility remains largely unexplored. we have investigated the role of this protein in assembly and motility of the leishmania flagellum after knocking out the adf/cofilin gene by targeted gene replacemen ... | 2008 | 18793337 |
| protective immunity against challenge with leishmania (leishmania) chagasi in beagle dogs vaccinated with recombinant a2 protein. | in this study, we investigated in dogs the immunogenicity and protective immunity against leishmania (leishmania) chagasi infection induced by vaccination with a formulation containing the recombinant a2 protein, an amastigote specific antigen, and saponin. vaccinated animals produced significantly increased levels of total igg and igg2, but not igg1 anti-a2 antibodies, and remained negative in conventional leishmaniasis serodiagnostic methods. significantly increased ifn-gamma and low il-10 lev ... | 2008 | 18786587 |
| isolation and identification of leishmania donovani from phlebotomus orientalis, in an area of eastern sudan with endemic visceral leishmaniasis. | 2008 | 18782494 | |
| leishmania donovani infection down-regulates tlr2-stimulated il-12p40 and activates il-10 in cells of macrophage/monocytic lineage by modulating mapk pathways through a contact-dependent mechanism. | the failure of leishmania, an intracellular pathogen, to stimulate a pro-inflammatory response following entry into macrophages has been well reported. this occurs in spite of the fact that ligands for the toll-like receptors (tlr) have been recently shown on the parasite surface and their role in disease protection well documented. the outcome of infection in leishmaniasis is determined by the th1 versus th2 nature of the effector response and the generation of il-12 and il-10 by the infected m ... | 2008 | 18778366 |
| hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with epstein barr virus and leishmania donovani coinfection in a child from cyprus. | we present a case of a 9-month-old girl from cyprus with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with epstein barr virus and leishmania donovani coinfection. treatment with liposomal amphotericin b resulted in a dramatic resolution of clinical and laboratory abnormalities. to our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a coinfection-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and the first clinical report of visceral leishmaniasis infection in europe by l. donovani. | 2008 | 18776766 |
| comparison of treatment regimens of kala-azar based on culture & sensitivity of amastigotes to sodium antimony gluconate. | present treatment strategies for kala-azar (visceral leishmaniasis, vl) include use of first line drug sodium antimony gluconate (sag) to all patients but a large number of patients do not get relief with this drug. if a patient does not respond to a full course of sag, a second or third line drug is given. we undertook this study to test whether an improved outcome can be achieved by employing a strategy of treatment based on culture and sensitivity of amastigotes to sag compared with conventio ... | 2008 | 18765878 |
| th1-stimulatory polyproteins of soluble leishmania donovani promastigotes ranging from 89.9 to 97.1 kda offers long-lasting protection against experimental visceral leishmaniasis. | our earlier studies identified a fraction (f2) of leishmania donovani soluble promastigote antigen belonging to 97.4-68 kda for its ability to stimulate th1-type cellular responses in cured visceral leishmaniasis (vl) patients as well as in cured hamsters. a further fractionation of f2-fraction into seven subfractions (f2.1-f2.7) and re-assessment for their immunostimulatory responses revealed that out of these, only four (f2.4-f2.7) belonging to 89.9-97.1 kda, stimulated remarkable th1-type cel ... | 2008 | 18762224 |
| trifluralin liposomal formulations active against leishmania donovani infections. | the purpose of this study was to increase the therapeutic index of the antiparasitic drug, trifluralin (tfl), to allow its parenteral administration without the need of toxic solvents. this was achieved by incorporating tfl in liposomes with high loading capacity. these formulations were stable in freeze-dried form during at least one year and in frozen form during at least three months. therapeutic activity, assessed on a visceral model of infection, showed that tfl liposomes reduced the number ... | 2009 | 18761404 |
| effect of dose and route of inoculation on the generation of cd4+ th1/th2 type of immune response in murine visceral leishmaniasis. | a potential vaccine candidate for visceral leishmaniasis should favour the development of cd4+ th1 type of immune response which is further dependent on the dose of antigen and the route of inoculation. the present study was carried out to check the effective dose (low, medium and high) and route (subcutaneous, intradermal, intraperitoneal and intracardiac) of inoculation for the development of a cd4+ th1 type of immune response in balb/c mice. the parasite load was found to be the lowest in mic ... | 2008 | 18751727 |
| a biochemical and genetic study of leishmania donovani pyruvate kinase. | here we present a biochemical and molecular biology study of the enzyme pyruvate kinase (pyk) from the parasitic protozoa leishmania donovani. the pyk gene was cloned, mutagenised and over expressed and its kinetic parameters determined. like in other kinetoplastids, l. donovani pyk is allosterically stimulated by the effector fructose 2,6 biphosphate and not by fructose 1,6 biphosphate. when the putative effector binding site of l. donovani pyk was mutagenised, we obtained two mutants with extr ... | 2008 | 18725273 |
| synthesis and antiprotozoal evaluation of new n4-(benzyl)spermidyl-linked bis(1,3,5-thiadiazinane-2-thiones). | the synthesis and in-vitro antiprotozoal evaluation of novel n(4)-(benzyl)spermidyl-linked bis(1,3,5-thiadiazinane-2-thione) (bis-thtt) derivatives from n(4)-(benzyl)spermidine is disclosed. several of the new bis-thtt have in-vitro activities against l. donovani and t. cruzi that are comparable or superior to those of currently employed protozoocidal agents. | 2008 | 18720341 |
| leishmania donovani peroxin 14 undergoes a marked conformational change following association with peroxin 5. | the import of pts1 proteins into the glycosome or peroxisome requires binding of a pts1-laden pex5 receptor to the membrane-associated protein pex14 to facilitate translocation of pts1 proteins into the lumen of these organelles. quaternary structure analysis of protozoan parasite leishmania donovani pex14 (ldpex14) revealed that this protein forms a homomeric complex with a size > 670 kda. moreover, deletion mapping indicated that disruption of ldpex14 oligomerization correlated with the elimin ... | 2008 | 18718908 |
| mitochondria-dependent reactive oxygen species-mediated programmed cell death induced by 3,3'-diindolylmethane through inhibition of f0f1-atp synthase in unicellular protozoan parasite leishmania donovani. | mitochondria are the principal site for the generation of cellular atp by oxidative phosphorylation. f0f1-atp synthase, a complex v of the electron transport chain, is an important constituent of mitochondria-dependent signaling pathways involved in apoptosis. in the present study, we have shown for the first time that 3,3'-diindolylmethane (dim), a dna topoisomerase i poison, inhibits mitochondrial f0f1-atp synthase of leishmania donovani and induces programmed cell death (pcd), which is a nove ... | 2008 | 18703668 |
| posttranscriptional regulation of ii10 gene expression allows natural killer cells to express immunoregulatory function. | natural killer (nk) cells play a well-recognized role in early pathogen containment and in shaping acquired cell-mediated immunity. however, indirect evidence in humans and experimental models has suggested that nk cells also play negative regulatory roles during chronic disease. to formally test this hypothesis, we employed a well-defined experimental model of visceral leishmaniasis. our data demonstrated that nkp46(+)cd49b(+)cd3(-) nk cells were recruited to the spleen and into hepatic granulo ... | 2008 | 18701085 |
| paradoxical drug sensitivity of leishmania donovani promastigotes: an in vitro study by agar elution and 96 well plate methods. | 2007 | 18697599 | |
| antileishmanial activity mediated by apoptosis and structure-based target study of peganine hydrochloride dihydrate: an approach for rational drug design. | the aim of this study was to resolve the putative pathway responsible for death induced by peganine hydrochloride dihydrate isolated from peganum harmala seeds at cellular, structural and molecular level in leishmania donovani, a causative agent of fatal visceral leishmaniasis. | 2008 | 18694906 |
| centrins, cell cycle regulation proteins in human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum. | molecules and cellular mechanisms that regulate the process of cell division in malaria parasites remain poorly understood. in this study we isolate and characterize the four plasmodium falciparum centrins (pfcens) and, by growth complementation studies, provide evidence for their involvement in cell division. centrins are cytoskeleton proteins with key roles in cell division, including centrosome duplication, and possess four ca(2+)-binding ef hand domains. by means of phylogenetic analysis, we ... | 2008 | 18693242 |
| novel agmatine analogue, gamma-guanidinooxypropylamine (gapa) efficiently inhibits proliferation of leishmania donovani by depletion of intracellular polyamine levels. | the efficacy of gamma-guanidinooxypropylamine (gapa), a novel agmatine analogue against protozoan parasite, leishmaniadonovani was evaluated. wild-type and ornithine decarboxylase-overexpressors of l. donovani were used to study the effect and mode of action of this inhibitor. gapa inhibited the growth of both promastigotes and amastigotes. ornithine decarboxylase (odc) activity and polyamine levels were markedly lower in cells treated with gapa and proliferation was rescued by addition of putre ... | 2008 | 18692480 |
| in vitro antileishmanial and antimalarial activities of tetrahydrofuran lignans isolated from nectandra megapotamica (lauraceae). | seven tetrahydrofuran lignans, isolated from nectandra megapotamica (lauraceae), were evaluated for their in vitro antileishmanial and antimalarial activities. among the evaluated compounds, machilin-g (1a) and veraguensin (2a) showed the highest antileishmanial activities, displaying for both compounds an ic(50) value of 18 microg/ml and an ic(90) value of 36 microg/ml, while galgravin (1b), nectandrin-a (1c), nectandrin-b (1d), calopeptin (2b) and ganshisandrine (3) were inactive against leish ... | 2008 | 18688887 |
| application of spatio-temporal scan statistics for the detection of areas with increased risk for american visceral leishmaniasis in the state of bahia, brazil. | mirroring the global increase of registered cases of american visceral leishmaniasis (avl), this infection has become a growing public health problem in brazil during the last several years. as the traditional approach to control employed by the governmental health agencies has failed to reduce the incidence and epidemic outbreaks of this illness, we propose a re-evaluation of the national strategy of intervention and monitoring. our thinking is based on a series of spatio-temporal scan statisti ... | 2007 | 18686261 |
| antiprotozoal activities of heterocyclic-substituted xanthones from the marine-derived fungus chaetomium sp. | investigations of the marine-derived fungus chaetomium sp. led to the isolation of the new natural products chaetoxanthones a, b, and c (1-3). compounds 1 and 2 are substituted with a dioxane/tetrahydropyran moiety rarely found in natural products. compound 3 was identified as a chlorinated xanthone substituted with a tetrahydropyran ring. the configurational analysis of these compounds employed cd spectroscopy, modified mosher's method, and selective noe gradient measurements. compound 2 showed ... | 2008 | 18683985 |
| immunogenicity assay of the leishmune vaccine against canine visceral leishmaniasis in brazil. | leishmune is the industrialized version of the fml-saponin vaccine which has been shown to develop 92-95% protection in vaccinated dogs and 76-80% vaccine efficacy against field canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl) in brazil. leishmune has been proven to be safe and tolerable and a transmission-blocking vaccine which renders vaccinated dogs non-infectious to sand fly vectors. in the present investigation, 550 healthy seronegative dogs of endemic and epidemic areas of brazil were monitored for lei ... | 2008 | 18675868 |
| fml vaccine against canine visceral leishmaniasis: from second-generation to synthetic vaccine. | the leishmania donovani glycoprotein fraction, known as fml, successfully underwent preclinical and clinical (phase i-iii) vaccine trials against canine visceral leishmaniasis (92-95% of protection and 76-80% of vaccine efficacy) when formulated with a qs21 saponin-containing adjuvant. it became the licensed leishmune vaccine for canine prophylaxis in brazil. the immune response raised by the vaccine is long lasting, immunotherapeutic and reduces dog infectivity blocking the transmission of the ... | 2008 | 18665780 |
| induction of th1-type cellular responses in cured/exposed leishmania-infected patients and hamsters against polyproteins of soluble leishmania donovani promastigotes ranging from 89.9 to 97.1 kda. | earlier, we have identified soluble antigenic fraction ranging from 68 to 97.4 kda (f2-fraction) of leishmania donovani promastigote, which induced th1-immunostimulatory cellular responses in both cured leishmania patients/hamsters and exhibited significant prophylactic potential against experimental visceral leishmaniasis (vl). in the present study, we have further fractionated f2-fraction by continuous elution sds-page and subjected them to re-evaluation for their ability to induce cellular re ... | 2008 | 18656517 |
| mutational study of the "catalytic tetrad" of dna topoisomerase ib from the hemoflagellate leishmania donovani: role of asp-353 and asn-221 in camptothecin resistance. | leishmania donovani, the causative organism for visceral leishmaniasis, contains a unique bisubunit dna-topoisomerase ib (ldtopib). the catalytically active enzyme is a heterodimer constituted by a large subunit (ldtopil) containing a non-conserved n-terminal end and the phylogenetically conserved core domain, whereas the small subunit (ldtopis) harbors the c-terminal domain with the characteristic tyrosine residue in the active site. site-directed mutagenesis was used to substitute the basic am ... | 2008 | 18655776 |
| parallel synthesis and antileishmanial activity of ether-linked phospholipids. | the synthesis and antileishmanial activity of 18 edelfosine analogues are described. compounds were obtained in parallel combining solid phase and solution phase synthesis. the most active analogue is characterized by the octadecyl group in position 2 of the glycerol chain. considering that this substitution determines the loss of antitumor activity, a different mechanism of antileishmanial action can be hypothesized. | 2008 | 18644723 |
| immune response following miltefosine therapy in a patient with post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. | we report a case of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in which real-time pcr was exploited to measure changes in cytokine transcripts in lesion tissue before and after oral miltefosine treatment. unlike antimonial therapy elevated levels of ifngamma transcripts were noted, whereas tnfalpha, il-10 and transforming growth factor-beta declined similar to that observed after therapy with antimonials. a significant increase in ifngamma and cd40 levels seen after miltefosine therapy could enhance pa ... | 2008 | 18639311 |
| visceral leishmanisis in paediatrics: a study of 367 cases in southwest iran. | kala-azar (visceral leishmaniasis [vl]) is endemic in southern iran. we retrospectively evaluated 367 infants and children suffering from vl at hospitals affiliated to the shiraz university of medical sciences in fars province, southwest iran). seasonal variations were observed with more cases presenting in late winter, spring and fewer in summer. the predominant clinical features in these patients were chronic fever, pallor, weight loss, abdominal distention and hepatosplenomegaly. lymphadenopa ... | 2008 | 18628558 |
| leishmania donovani pteridine reductase 1: biochemical properties and structure-modeling studies. | pteridine reductase 1 (ptr1, ec 1.5.1.33) is a nadph dependent short-chain reductase (sdr) responsible for the salvage of pterins in the protozoan parasite leishmania. this enzyme acts as a metabolic bypass for drugs targeting dihydrofolate reductase, therefore, for successful antifolate chemotherapy to be developed against leishmania, it must target both enzyme activities. based on homology model drawn on recombinant pteridine reductase isolated from a clinical isolate of l. donovani, we carrie ... | 2008 | 18617167 |
| evaluation of direct agglutination test, rk39 test, and elisa for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. | the study reports an evaluation of the direct agglutination test (dat) with use of promastigote/amastigote antigen, rk39 strip test, and elisa for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (vl). out of 94 clinically suspected vl patients, 16 (17%) were seropositive by all the techniques; in addition, 6 were positive in rk39 strip test and elisa. on retrospective analysis, out of 16 positive by all the techniques, 11 (69%) had demonstrable leishmania donovani (ld) bodies in their bone marrow samples, w ... | 2008 | 18606766 |
| role of aquaglyceroporin (aqp1) gene and drug uptake in antimony-resistant clinical isolates of leishmania donovani. | antimonial-containing drugs are the first line of treatment against leishmaniasis. resistance to antimonials in leishmania is proposed to be due to reduced uptake of trivalent antimony (sbiii) through the aquaglyceroporin (aqp1). we investigated the uptake of sbiii and involvement of aquaglyceroporin in developing antimony resistance phenotype in leishmania donovani clinical isolates. sbiii accumulation, copy number of aqp1 gene, and transcript levels were compared in antimony-sensitive versus - ... | 2008 | 18606765 |
| complete cure of experimental visceral leishmaniasis with amphotericin b in stearylamine-bearing cationic liposomes involves down-regulation of il-10 and favorable t cell responses. | visceral leishmaniasis caused by leishmania donovani is a life-threatening disease involving uncontrolled parasitization of liver, spleen, and bone marrow. most available drugs are toxic. moreover, relapse after seemingly successful therapy remains a chronic problem. in this study, we evaluated a new therapeutic approach based on combination of a low dose of amphotericin b (amb) in association with suboptimum dose of stearylamine (sa)-bearing cationic liposomes, itself having leishmanicidal acti ... | 2008 | 18606693 |