Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| postantibiotic effects and bactericidal activities of clarithromycin-14-hydroxy-clarithromycin, versus those of amoxicillin-clavulanate, against anaerobes. | the bactericidal activities and postantibiotic effects (pae) of clarithromycin-14-hydroxy-clarithromycin and amoxicillin-clavulanate against bacteroides fragilis and peptostreptococcus anaerobius were determined. a concentration of twice the mic resulted in bactericidal activity against four of four and three of four organisms at 24 h with clarithromycin-14-hydroxy-clarithromycin and amoxicillin-clavulanate, respectively. the pae of clarithromycin-14-hydroxy-clarithromycin was 1.44 to 3.20 h, co ... | 2000 | 10681358 |
| fourth generation cephalosporins in the antimicrobial chemotherapy of surgical infections. | surgical infections include a variety of entities such as secondary peritonitis, intra-abdominal abscesses, obstetric and gynecological infections as well as bone-joint and soft-tissue infections. by definition the term "surgical infection" implies that surgery itself plays the major role in therapy, while antimicrobial chemotherapy is only supplementary. broad-spectrum empirical regimens employed include the combination of a 1st or 2nd generation cephalosporin plus clindamycin or metronidazole ... | 1999 | 10678790 |
| antimicrobial chemotherapy in the control of surgical infectious complications. | in spite of the progress in surgical technique and antibiotic prophylaxis, postoperative infection still accounts for both the commonest surgical complication and one of the most frequent nosocomial infections, also causing an increase in duration and costs of hospital stay. the choice of treatment for post-surgical infections requires an understanding of the usual infecting flora, available antimicrobial agents, and susceptibility patterns. the most common organisms in simple wound infection ar ... | 1999 | 10678785 |
| susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria in auckland: 1991-1996. | to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of local anaerobic bacteria. | 1999 | 10678225 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of biapenem in the fields of obstetrics and gynecology. | biapenem is a new injectable carbapenem antibiotic which has favorable pharmacokinetic properties, and is stable to hydrolysis by dehydropeptidase i. biapenem inhibited more than 90% of clinical isolates of streptococcus agalactiae, escherichia coli, peptostreptococcus magnus, bacteroides fragilis and prevotella bivia at the concentration of 3.13 mg/l. the mic(90) of biapenem against pseudomonas aeruginosa was lower than that of panipenem, equivalent to that of imipenem, and greater than that of ... | 2000 | 10671758 |
| occurrence and numbers of bacteriophages and bacterial indicators in faeces of yellow-legged seagull (larus cachinnans). | faeces from feral populations of yellow-legged seagulls from the northern coastal area of catalonia (north-eastern spain) contained variable amounts of faecal coliforms, faecal streptococci, somatic coliphages, f-specific bacteriophages and bacteroides fragilis bacteriophages. occurrence and numbers of bacterial indicators and bacteriophages in the faeces of yellow-legged seagulls are in the ranges described in the faeces of different animals. the ratios between numbers of bacterial indicators a ... | 1999 | 10664987 |
| the alleles of the bft gene are distributed differently among enterotoxigenic bacteroides fragilis strains from human sources and can be present in double copies. | enterotoxigenic bacteroides fragilis (etbf) strains are associated with diarrheal disease in children. these strains produce a zinc metalloprotease enterotoxin, or fragilysin, that can be detected by a cytotoxicity assay with ht-29 cells. recently, three different isoforms or variants of the enterotoxin gene, designated bft-1, bft-2, and bft-3, have been identified and sequenced. we used restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the pcr-amplified enterotoxin gene to detect the isoform ... | 2000 | 10655354 |
| susceptibility of 497 clinical isolates of gram-negative anaerobes to trovafloxacin and eight other antibiotics. | trovafloxacin is a novel investigational trifluoronaphthyridone antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. its in-vitro activity and those of eight other antimicrobial agents were evaluated against 497 clinical isolates of gram-negative anaerobic bacteria by the agar dilution method. trovafloxacin had excellent activity, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) range of <0.03-4 microg/ml, against all species. out of the 497 isolates tested, 49 ... | 1999 | 10632380 |
| effect of molecular size on the ability of zwitterionic polysaccharides to stimulate cellular immunity. | the large-molecular-sized zwitterionic capsular polysaccharide of the anaerobe bacteroides fragilis nctc 9343, designated polysaccharide (ps) a, stimulates t cell proliferation in vitro and induces t cell-dependent protection against abscess formation in vivo. in the present study, we utilized a modification of a recently developed ozonolytic method for depolymerizing polysaccharides to examine the influence of the molecular size of ps a on cell-mediated immunity. ozonolysis successfully depolym ... | 2000 | 10623815 |
| [partial currarino syndrome in a non-pediatric patient. a rare cause of bacterial meningitis]. | enterogenic meningitis is an infrequent cause of central nervous system infection. among these causes the currarino syndrome may be found presenting sacral agenesis, presacral mass and anorectal stenosis. this syndrome normally causes enterogenic meningitis in the early years of life. the case reported corresponds to a 24-year-old male presenting polymicrobial meningitis with fecal flora germs (anerobic enterococci, bacteroides fragilis and escherichia coli). these clinical findings led to radio ... | 1999 | 10613021 |
| a new subtype of the metalloprotease toxin gene and the incidence of the three bft subtypes among bacteroides fragilis isolates in japan. | the bft gene encoding bacteroides fragilis toxin (bft) has been devided into two subtypes, bft-1 and bft-2. we found a novel subtype by sequencing a segment of the bft gene from 64 enterotoxigenic b. fragilis (etbf) strains isolated in japan. the 1548-bp nucleotide sequences of the new bft, the bft-1, and bft-2 genes were determined for five, four, and four etbf strains, respectively; the nucleotide sequence was identical among each bft subtype and the degree of identity between each subtype was ... | 2000 | 10612750 |
| identification and cloning of genes from porphyromonas gingivalis after mutagenesis with a modified tn4400 transposon from bacteroides fragilis. | porphyromonas gingivalis is a gram-negative, black-pigmented, oral anaerobe strongly associated with adult periodontitis. previous transposon mutagenesis studies with this organism were based on the bacteroides transposon tn4351. characterization of tn4351-disrupted genes by cloning has not been an efficient way to analyze large numbers of mutants and is further complicated by the high rate of cointegration of the suicide delivery vector containing tn4351. in this study, we mutagenized p. gingiv ... | 2000 | 10603421 |
| isolation of bacteroides fragilis mutants with in vivo growth defects by using tn4400', a modified tn4400 transposition system, and a new screening method. | a modified version of the bacteroides fragilis transposon tn4400, designated tn4400', enabling rapid isolation and analysis of b. fragilis mutants has been constructed. to identify potential virulence factors, tn4400'-generated mutants were screened by a new method; this resulted in the isolation of 21 mutant strains with impaired growth characteristics on tissue culture monolayers but normal growth in rich medium anaerobically. | 2000 | 10603420 |
| contribution of escherichia coli alpha-hemolysin to bacterial virulence and to intraperitoneal alterations in peritonitis. | alpha-hemolysin (hly) is a common exotoxin produced by escherichia coli that enhances virulence in a number of clinical infections. the addition of hemolysin production to laboratory bacterial strains is known to increase the lethality of e. coli peritonitis. however, the mechanisms involved have not been determined and the contribution of hemolysin to the alterations in the host intraperitoneal environment and the leukocyte response is not known. utilizing a rat peritonitis model, we show that ... | 2000 | 10603385 |
| local treatment of generalised peritonitis in rats; effects on bacteria, endotoxin and mortality. | to assess the effect of debridement, intraoperative lavage with saline, and additional instillation of taurolidine or imipenem/cilastatin in rats with faecal peritonitis. | 1999 | 10595613 |
| [an experimental study of the patterns in the development of an inflammatory process in the mandibular bone tissue caused by exposure to anaerobic microflora]. | inflammatory process in mandibular bone was induced in 39 outbred rats by a pure culture of bacteroides fragilis and by an associative culture of b. fragilis and staphylococcus aureus. anaerobic microflora notably aggravated the course of inflammation. in contrast to inflammation in other parts of the skeleton, inflammation of the jaws involves a high risk of infection of the oral cavity by pathogenic microflora. a variety of microorganisms is isolated from the focus: from gram-positive staphylo ... | 1999 | 10590693 |
| metronidazole resistance among clinical isolates belonging to the bacteroides fragilis group: time to be concerned? | 1999 | 10588328 | |
| production of bacteriocin by bacteriodes fragilis and partial characterization. | the ability of bacteroides fragilis strains, isolated from various sources, to produce bacteriocin was evaluated. all strains isolated from intestinal infections were producers in high levels and less susceptible to the others. strains from other origins were found to produce bacteriocin at a medium level and they were variably susceptible. some properties of one bacteriocin produced by the bact. fragilis 079298-3 strain were analysed, providing evidence of its protein nature, with stability ove ... | 1999 | 10583756 |
| antigenic properties of lps extracted from bacteroides fragilis enterotoxin producing strains. | antigenic properties of enterotoxigenic bacteroides fragilis (etbf) strains isolated in poland were compared with reference strains. the agglutination and passive hemagglutination, sds-page analysis and immunoblotting tests as well as analyses of sugars and fatty acids were performed with lipopolysaccharide (lps) preparations obtained from water-phase of phenol-water extracts. some differences in serological reactivity between etbf antigens were observed. the antigen of the ntbf (nonenterotoxige ... | 1999 | 10581671 |
| growth-inhibiting effects of cinnamomum cassia bark-derived materials on human intestinal bacteria. | the growth-inhibiting activity of cinnamomum cassia (blume) bark-derived materials toward five intestinal bacteria was examined using an impregnated paper disk method and compared with that of tetracycline and chloramphenicol, as well as four commercially available compounds (cinnamyl alcohol, trans-cinnamic acid, eugenol, and salicylaldehyde). the biologically active component of c. cassia bark was characterized as cinnamaldehyde by spectral analysis. the growth responses varied with each bacte ... | 1998 | 10554188 |
| the in-vitro activity and tentative breakpoint of gemifloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone. | the in-vitro activity of gemifloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, against a wide range (c. 700) of recent clinical isolates, was compared with that of three other fluoroquinolones and other relevant agents. gemifloxacin inhibited 90% of the enterobacteriaceae strains at 0.5 mg/l or less, exceptions being serratia spp. (mic(90) 1 mg/l) and strains possessing a putative mechanism of resistance to fluoroquinolones. ninety per cent of pseudomonas aeruginosa were inhibited by 4 mg/l. gemifloxacin had goo ... | 1999 | 10552986 |
| microbiology of subphrenic abscesses: a 14-year experience. | the objective of the review was to study the aerobic and anaerobic microbiology of subphrenic abscesses in relation with predisposing conditions. a retrospective review of clinical and laboratory data of 52 patients treated between 1974 and 1988 was conducted. forty-three (83%) patients developed the abscesses after an operative procedure. these included 11 patients after colonic, 9 patients after gastric or duodenal, 7 patients after abdominal trauma, 7 patients after biliary, and 6 patients af ... | 1999 | 10551755 |
| nmr characterization of the metallo-beta-lactamase from bacteroides fragilis and its interaction with a tight-binding inhibitor: role of an active-site loop. | understanding the structure and dynamics of the enzymes that mediate antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria will allow us to take steps to combat this increasingly serious public health hazard. complete backbone nmr resonance assignments have been made for the broad-specificity metallo-beta-lactamase ccra from bacteroides fragilis in the presence and absence of a tight-binding inhibitor. chemical shift indices show that the secondary structure of the ccra molecule in solution is very simil ... | 1999 | 10545172 |
| distribution of the cfia gene among bacteroides fragilis strains in japan and relatedness of cfia to imipenem resistance. | the cfia gene, encoding an imipenem-hydrolyzing metallo-beta-lactamase produced by bacteroides fragilis, and insertion-like elements were detected by pcr amplification with b. fragilis strains isolated in japan. the cfia gene was found in 1.9 and 4.1% of the imipenem-susceptible b. fragilis isolates collected from 1987 to 1988 and from 1992 to 1994, respectively. insertion-like elements adjacent to the cfia gene were found in all nine metallo-beta-lactamase-producing imipenem-resistant strains t ... | 1999 | 10543771 |
| molecular evolution of the pathogenicity island of enterotoxigenic bacteroides fragilis strains. | enterotoxigenic bacteroides fragilis (etbf) strains, which produce a 20-kda zinc metalloprotease toxin (bft), have been associated with diarrheal disease in animals and young children. studying a collection of etbf and nontoxigenic b. fragilis (ntbf) strains, we found that bft and a second metalloprotease gene (mpii) are contained in an approximately 6-kb pathogenicity island (termed b. fragilis pathogenicity island or bfpai) which is present exclusively in all 113 etbf strains tested (pattern i ... | 1999 | 10542162 |
| glucose utilisation in the lungs of septic rats. | sequestration and degranulation of leucocytes in the pulmonary microcirculation is considered to be a key event in the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with sepsis. glucose serves as the main source of energy in activated leucocytes. the aim of this study was to assess whether glucose utilisation in the lungs can be used as an indicator of pulmonary leucocyte accumulation in an experimental model of sepsis of intra-abdominal origin. sepsis was induced in rats by abd ... | 1999 | 10541834 |
| expression of bacteroides fragilis virulence markers in vitro. | bacteroides fragilis isolates from intestinal and non-intestinal infections, normal flora and the environment were examined for properties linked with interactions among cells in vitro. different adhesion molecules were detected in agglutination assays with human erythrocytes and tests for auto-agglutination and adherence to human colon carcinoma cells (ht29). there was no correlation between these properties, indicating that independent molecules are involved. treatment with trypsin, heat or ed ... | 1999 | 10535643 |
| prevalence of enterotoxigenic bacteroides fragilis in adult patients with diarrhea and healthy controls. | enterotoxigenic strains of bacteroides fragilis (etbf) have been associated with diarrheal diseases in animals and humans. the enterotoxin of etbf induces fluid changes in ligated intestinal segments and a cytotoxic response in ht29/c1 cells. an assay based on immunomagnetic-beads separation in combination with pcr was used to detect etbf in fecal samples from patients with diarrhea and healthy swedish adults. a total of 922 fecal samples were analyzed in this study, including 728 samples from p ... | 1999 | 10530453 |
| [a case of septicemia manifesting as a black esophagus]. | 1999 | 10526556 | |
| bacteroides fragilis bacteremia and infected aortic aneurysm presenting as fever of unknown origin: diagnostic delay without routine anaerobic blood cultures. | we report the case of a 71-year-old male with bacteroides fragilis bactermia and infected aortic aneurysm that went undiagnosed, in part, because routine anaerobic blood cultures were not obtained. bacteremia caused by anaerobes has been reported to be declining, and recommendations to discontinue routine anaerobic blood cultures have been implemented in some hospitals. to our knowledge, this is the first report of an anaerobic bacteremia and infection that had a delay in diagnosis due to this c ... | 1999 | 10524981 |
| case-control study of enteropathogens associated with childhood diarrhea in dhaka, bangladesh. | the international centre for diarrhoeal disease research, bangladesh, is a major center for research into diarrheal diseases. the center treats more than 100,000 patients a year. to obtain useful information representative of all patients, a surveillance system in which a 4% systematic sample of all patients is studied in detail, including etiological agents of diarrhea, was installed in october 1979. the first paper on etiology for the surveillance patients was published in 1982, which identifi ... | 1999 | 10523534 |
| structure-activity relationships of biphenyl tetrazoles as metallo-beta-lactamase inhibitors. | resistance to carbapenem antibiotics in gram-negative bacteria is due, in part, to expression of a wide spectrum metallo-beta-lactamase, which renders the drug inactive. biphenyl tetrazoles containing 3-n-butyl-1-phenylpyrazole-5-carboxylates or the corresponding 5-ethyl esters were found to inhibit metallo-beta-lactamases as well as renal dehydropeptidase i to a lesser extent. | 1999 | 10509927 |
| trends in antimicrobial resistance among clinical isolates of the bacteroides fragilis group from 1992 to 1997 in montreal, canada. | the objective of the present study was to analyze the susceptibility profiles of 911 clinical strains of the bacteroides fragilis group isolated from 1992 to 1997 in our institution in order to monitor susceptibility changes over time. whereas the rates of resistance to metronidazole, imipenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, penicillin, piperacillin, and cefoxitin remained essentially unchanged, there was a significant increase in the rates of resistance to clindamycin, wh ... | 1999 | 10508035 |
| carbapenem derivatives as potential inhibitors of various beta-lactamases, including class b metallo-beta-lactamases. | a variety of 1beta-methylcarbapenem derivatives were screened to identify inhibitors of imp-1 metallo-beta-lactamase, a class b beta-lactamase, in an automated microassay system using nitrocefin as a substrate. the structure-inhibitory-activity relationship study revealed that three types of 1beta-methylcarbapenems having benzothienylthio, dithiocarbamate, or pyrrolidinylthio moieties at the c-2 position showed good inhibitory activity. among the compounds screened, j-110,441, having a benzothie ... | 1999 | 10508031 |
| molecular cloning of the gyra and gyrb genes of bacteroides fragilis encoding dna gyrase. | the genes encoding the dna gyrase a and b subunits of bacteroides fragilis were cloned and sequenced. the gyra and gyrb genes code for proteins of 845 and 653 amino acids, respectively. these proteins were expressed in escherichia coli, and the combination of gyra and gyrb exhibited atp-dependent supercoiling activity. to analyze the role of dna gyrase in quinolone resistance of b. fragilis, we isolated mutant strains by stepwise selection for resistance to increasing concentrations of levofloxa ... | 1999 | 10508019 |
| multicenter study of in vitro susceptibility of the bacteroides fragilis group, 1995 to 1996, with comparison of resistance trends from 1990 to 1996. | antimicrobial resistance, including plasmid-mediated resistance, among the species of the bacteroides fragilis group is well documented. an analysis of the in vitro susceptibility of b. fragilis group species referred between 1995 and 1996 as well as during a 7-year (1990 to 1996), prospective, multicenter survey of over 4,000 clinical isolates of b. fragilis group species was undertaken to review trends in the percent resistance to and geometric mean mics of the antibiotics tested. there was a ... | 1999 | 10508018 |
| interstrain variation of the polysaccharide b biosynthesis locus of bacteroides fragilis: characterization of the region from strain 638r. | the sequence and analysis of the capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis locus, ps b2, of bacteroides fragilis 638r are described, and the sequence is compared with that of the ps b1 biosynthesis locus of b. fragilis nctc 9343. two genes of the region, wcgd and wcgc, are shown by complementation to encode a udp-n-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase and a udp-n-acetylmannosamine dehydrogenase, respectively. | 1999 | 10498737 |
| microbiology of infected pustular psoriasis lesions. | bacterial infections can occur in lesions of pustular psoriasis (pp). the objective of this study was to establish the aerobic and anaerobic microbiology of secondarily infected pp. | 1999 | 10487445 |
| role of the alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (ahpcf) gene in oxidative stress defense of the obligate anaerobe bacteroides fragilis. | in this study we report the identification and role of the alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (ahp) gene in bacteroides fragilis. the two components of ahp, ahpc, and ahpf, are organized in an operon, and the deduced amino acid sequences revealed that b. fragilis ahpcf shares approximately 60% identity to orthologues in other gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. northern blot hybridization analysis of total rna showed that the ahpcf genes were transcribed as a polycistronic 2.4-kb mrna and that ... | 1999 | 10482511 |
| [bacteria isolated from surgical infections and their susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents: special references to bacteria isolated between july 1996 and june 1997]. | the annual multicenter studies on isolated bacteria from infections in general surgery and their antimicrobial susceptibility have been conducted in 20 facilities in japan since july 1982. this paper describes the results obtained during period from july 1996 to june 1997. the number of cases investigated as objectives was 217 for one year. a total of 406 strains were isolated from 177 cases (81.6% of total cases). from primary infections 162 strains were isolated, and from postoperative infecti ... | 1999 | 10480049 |
| clindamycin, metronidazole, and chloramphenicol. | clindamycin, metronidazole, and chloramphenicol are three antimicrobial agents useful in the treatment of anaerobic infections. clindamycin is effective in the treatment of most infections involving anaerobes and gram-positive cocci, but emerging resistance has become a problem in some clinical settings. metronidazole is effective in the treatment of infections involving gram-negative anaerobes, but it is unreliable in the treatment of gram-positive anaerobic infections and is ineffective in tre ... | 1999 | 10473362 |
| activities of new antimicrobial agents (trovafloxacin, moxifloxacin, sanfetrinem, and quinupristin-dalfopristin) against bacteroides fragilis group: comparison with the activities of 14 other agents. | the antimicrobial activities of trovafloxacin, moxifloxacin, sanfetrinem, quinupristin-dalfopristin, and 14 other antimicrobial agents against 218 bacteroides fragilis group strains were determined. a group of 10 imipenem-resistant strains were also tested. imipenem, meropenem, and sanfetrinem had the lowest mics of all of the beta-lactams. quinupristin-dalfopristin inhibited all of the strains at 2 microg/ml. overall, the mics of trovafloxacin and moxifloxacin for 90% of the strains tested were ... | 1999 | 10471590 |
| fluoroquinolone resistance in bacteroides fragilis following sparfloxacin exposure. | in vitro pharmacodynamic studies investigating the antimicrobial properties of five fluoroquinolones, (trovafloxacin, sparfloxacin, clinafloxacin, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin) against bacteroides fragilis atcc 23745 were conducted. the times required to reduce the viable counts by 3 log units were as follows: clinafloxacin, 2.9 h; levofloxacin, 4.6 h; trovafloxacin, 6 h; and sparfloxacin, 10 h. exposure to ciprofloxacin did not achieve a 3-log decrease in viable counts. the susceptibility of ... | 1999 | 10471574 |
| in vitro activity of gemifloxacin (sb 265805) against anaerobes. | gemifloxacin mesylate (sb 265805), a new fluoronaphthyridone, was tested against 359 recent clinical anaerobic isolates by the national committee for clinical laboratory standards reference agar dilution method with supplemented brucella blood agar and an inoculum of 10(5) cfu/spot. comparative antimicrobials tested included trovafloxacin, levofloxacin, grepafloxacin, sparfloxacin, sitafloxacin (du-6859a), penicillin g, amoxicillin clavulanate, imipenem, cefoxitin, clindamycin, and metronidazole ... | 1999 | 10471570 |
| adhesion molecule expression stimulated by bacteroides thetaiotaomicron cell-surface antigens. | bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, a gram-negative anaerobic rod belonging to the bacteroides fragilis group (bfg), is involved in many systemic and local, most frequently suppurative infections in man. the cell envelope of these rods is composed of two carbohydrate-containing antigens: lipopolysaccharide (lps) and capsular polysaccharide (cps). adhesion molecules icam-1, vcam-1 and e-selectin (elam-1) are induced on the endothelial cells by mediators of inflammation. the aim of this study was to ass ... | 1999 | 10470444 |
| xanthogranulomatous cystitis associated with anaerobic bacterial infection. | 1999 | 10458373 | |
| identification of a third metalloprotease toxin gene in extraintestinal isolates of bacteroides fragilis. | to further understand the epidemiology of enterotoxigenic bacteroides fragilis (etbf), 89 extraintestinal b. fragilis strains from seoul, korea, were examined for secretion of b. fragilis toxin (bft) by the ht29/c1 biologic assay and for the b. fragilis toxin gene (bft) by colony blot hybridization and pcr. complete agreement between the three techniques was found. overall, 34 b. fragilis strains (38%) were identified as etbf. eleven of the 34 etbf strains (32%) expressed a new isoform of bft (k ... | 1999 | 10456956 |
| detection of intrastrain antigenic variation of bacteroides fragilis surface polysaccharides by monoclonal antibody labelling. | bacteroides fragilis is a constituent of the normal resident microbiota of the human intestine and is the gram-negative obligately anaerobic bacterium most frequently isolated from clinical infection. surface polysaccharides are implicated as potential virulence determinants. we present evidence of within strain immunochemical variation of surface polysaccharides in populations that are noncapsulate by light microscopy as determined by monoclonal antibody labelling. expression of individual epit ... | 1999 | 10456873 |
| genomic structure of phage b40-8 of bacteroides fragilis. | very few data are available on the molecular biology of bacteroides fragilis bacteriophages, which have been considered in several studies as indicators of faecal contamination. phage b40-8, initially isolated from an urban sewage sample using a strain of b. fragilis (hsp40) isolated from a clinical specimen, was chosen in this study as a prototype for morphological and molecular studies. like most of the phages infective for b. fragilis, b40-8 belongs to the siphoviridae family. its genome has ... | 1999 | 10439405 |
| [trovafloxacin in gynecology]. | presence of microorganisms in the female lower genital tract (lgt) in concentrations that modify the established normal equilibrium produce different symptoms that make necessary to consult the gynecologist. it is currently accepted that infections of the lgt are due to microorganisms that are normally integrating the internal flora, except for the erroneously called "sexually transmitted diseases" that are caused by external microorganisms. this means that all those microorganisms usually prese ... | 1999 | 10436555 |
| [intra-abdominal infection and new quinolones]. | intra-abdominal infection is defined as the presence of an infectious process within the peritoneal cavity. it may be local or have a systemic consequence generating multiple organic disfunction. most of the studies report a mortality of 30% in severe intra-abdominal infection. secondary peritonitis is caused by the loss of integrity of the gastrointestinal apparatus, which contaminates with pathogens the peritoneal cavity. invariably they are polymicrobial infections, mostly due to facultative ... | 1999 | 10436554 |
| human gamma delta t cells recognize alkylamines derived from microbes, edible plants, and tea: implications for innate immunity. | approximately 4% of peripheral blood t cells in humans express a t cell receptor with markedly restricted germline gene segment usage (v gamma 2 v delta 2). remarkably, these t cells expand 2- to 10-fold (8%-60% of all circulating t cells) during many microbial infections. we show here that these t cells recognize a family of naturally occurring primary alkylamines in a tcr-dependent manner. these antigenic alkylamines are secreted to millimolar concentrations in bacterial supernatants and are f ... | 1999 | 10435579 |
| on the mechanism of the metallo-beta-lactamase from bacteroides fragilis. | the catalytic mechanism of metallo-beta-lactamase from bacteroides fragilis, a dinuclear zn(ii)-containing enzyme responsible for multiple antibiotic resistance, has been investigated by using nitrocefin as a substrate. rapid-scanning and single-wavelength stopped-flow studies revealed the accumulation during turnover of an enzyme-bound intermediate with intense absorbance at 665 nm (epsilon = 30 000 m(-1) cm(-1)). the proposed minimum kinetic mechanism for the b. fragilis metallo-beta-lactamase ... | 1999 | 10433708 |
| activity of telithromycin (hmr 3647) against anaerobic bacteria compared to those of eight other agents by time-kill methodology. | time-kill studies examined the activities of telithromycin (hmr 3647), erythromycin a, azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, clindamycin, pristinamycin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, and metronidazole against 11 gram-positive and gram-negative anaerobic bacteria. time-kill studies were carried out with the addition of oxyrase in order to prevent the introduction of co(2). macrolide-azalide-ketolide mics were 0.004 to 32.0 microg/ml. of the latter group, telithromycin had the lowest mics, espec ... | 1999 | 10428930 |
| sunlight inactivation of fecal bacteriophages and bacteria in sewage-polluted seawater. | sunlight inactivation rates of somatic coliphages, f-specific rna bacteriophages (f-rna phages), and fecal coliforms were compared in seven summer and three winter survival experiments. experiments were conducted outdoors, using 300-liter 2% (vol/vol) sewage-seawater mixtures held in open-top chambers. dark inactivation rates (k(d)s), measured from exponential survival curves in enclosed (control) chambers, were higher in summer (temperature range: 14 to 20 degrees c) than in winter (temperature ... | 1999 | 10427056 |
| efficacy of trovafloxacin in an in vitro pharmacodynamic simulation of an intraabdominal infection. | an in vitro model simulating trovafloxacin concentrations in human serum after standard doses was used to investigate the activity of this drug with time against bacteroides fragilis, escherichia coli, enterococcus faecalis and staphylococcus aureus. antibiotic concentrations used for each incubation period were: 4.24 mg/l (0-1 h), 3.69 mg/l (1-3 h), 3.25 mg/l (3-6 h), 2.38 mg/l (6-8 h), 1.35 mg/l (8-24 h). a 99.9% initial inoculum reduction (> 3 log10 cfu/ml) was defined as bactericidal activit ... | 1999 | 10418758 |
| in-vitro antibacterial activity of levofloxacin against hospital isolates: a multicentre study. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the activity of the fluoroquinolone, levofloxacin, against hospital isolates of bacteria. mics of levofloxacin were determined for 2154 strains by agar dilution. breakpoints for susceptibility testing were calculated using the agar diffusion technique with 5 micrograms discs. the activity of levofloxacin against nalidixic acid- and pefloxacin-susceptible enterobacteriaceae (n = 668) was higher (mic50/90 0.06-0.12 mg/l) than previously reported for oflo ... | 1999 | 10404337 |
| [survey of the sensitivities of clinical isolates to antibacterial agents (annual report)]. | research groups were formed in 21 institutions nationwide to investigate carbapenem resistance. the activities of various antibacterial agents, principally carbapenems, were tested against clinical isolates collected from these institutions. the broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) of 17 antibacterial agents for 1,241 strains of 11 bacterial species isolated at all institutions between october and december 1996. the results were as follows: ... | 1999 | 10396685 |
| il-2 mediates protection against abscess formation in an experimental model of sepsis. | little is known regarding the mechanism by which t cells control intraabdominal abscess formation. treating animals with polysaccharide a (ps a) from bacteroides fragilis shortly before or after challenge protects against abscess formation subsequent to challenge with different abscess-inducing bacteria. although bacterial polysaccharides are considered to be t cell-independent ags, t cells from ps a-treated animals mediate this protective activity. in the present study, we demonstrate that cd4+ ... | 1999 | 10395684 |
| cloning and characterization of blavim, a new integron-borne metallo-beta-lactamase gene from a pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate. | production of a metallo-beta-lactamase activity was detected in a carbapenem-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate (isolate vr-143/97) from an italian inpatient at the verona university hospital (northern italy). the metallo-beta-lactamase determinant was isolated from a genomic library of vr-143/97, constructed in an escherichia coli plasmid vector, by screening for clones with reduced susceptibility to imipenem. sequencing of the cloned gene revealed that it encoded a new class b b ... | 1999 | 10390207 |
| hypertrophic osteoarthropathy of one leg--a sign of aortic graft infection. | we report a rare case of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (hoa) confined to the right leg secondary to aortic graft infection. the development of hoa exclusively localized to areas distal to a vascular prosthesis may be the presenting manifestation of graft infection and a crucial diagnostic clue in the early detection of vascular graft infection. hoa is diagnosed by its characteristic radiographic and scintigraphic pattern. most prosthetic, especially aortic, graft infections are uniformly fatal i ... | 1999 | 10384994 |
| in-vitro susceptibilities of species of the bacteroides fragilis group to newer beta-lactam agents. | the in-vitro activities of imipenem and four beta-lactam-beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations were tested against 816 strains of the bacteroides fragilis group, and compared with other anti-anaerobic agents. none of the strains was resistant to metronidazole, and only one was resistant to chloramphenicol. mezlocillin and piperacillin were moderately active, while clindamycin was the least active. rates of resistance varied between various species. the new beta-lactam agents tested showed excell ... | 1999 | 10381111 |
| nonlinear models for in vitro kill kinetics of antibiotics. | in this study, we developed nonlinear regression models to analyze the data generated from an in vitro continuous culture system to assess the kinetics of metronidazole and trovafloxacin in inhibiting the growth of bacteroides fragilis. the model includes parameters describing the initial shock effect of an antibiotic pulse, the overall antibiotic wash-out rate from the system, and the long-term toxicity of the antibiotic in the environment after one pulse and before the next pulse. | 1999 | 10379693 |
| analysis of a capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis locus of bacteroides fragilis. | a major clinical manifestation of infection with bacteroides fragilis is the formation of intra-abdominal abscesses, which are induced by the capsular polysaccharides of this organism. transposon mutagenesis was used to locate genes involved in the synthesis of capsular polysaccharides. a 24,454-bp region was sequenced and found to contain a 15,379-bp locus (designated wcf) with 16 open reading frames (orfs) encoding products similar to those encoded by genes of other bacterial polysaccharide bi ... | 1999 | 10377135 |
| bacteroides fragilis isolates compared by ap-pcr. | bacteroides fragilis is a component of the normal intestinal flora and an important pathogen in nonintestinal endogenous infections. it has been associated with enteric infections and has already been detected in polluted water. in order to evaluate the genetic diversity of b. fragilis, a total of 31 isolates and two reference strains were examined. this collection included strains from nonintestinal infections [12], intestinal infections [5], intestinal microflora [10], aquatic environments [4] ... | 1999 | 10376487 |
| in vitro activities of macrolides against gram-positive aerobes, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and bacteroides fragilis in taiwan. | new macrolides with improved pharmacokinetic characteristics have been developed and introduced for clinical use in taiwan. in order to understand the antibacterial activities of these new macrolides, we tested their in vitro activities against common pathogenic bacteria. | 1999 | 10367484 |
| biological assay for the detection of metallo-beta-lactamases in bacteroides fragilis. | a biological assay was developed for the detection of carbapenemases, particularly metallo-beta-lactamases, in bacteroides fragilis. the isolates tested possessed the gene (cfia) responsible for metallo-beta-lactamase production, and showed reduced susceptibility to imipenem. carbapenemase activity was investigated spectrophotometrically and by a biological assay in which sonicates of bacterial cells were mixed with imipenem in wells cut into isosensitest agar inoculated with an escherichia coli ... | 1998 | 10367399 |
| induction of oxidative dna damage in anaerobes. | we compared oxidative dna damage in strictly anaerobic prevotella melaninogenica, aerotolerant anaerobic bacteroides fragilis, and facultative anaerobic salmonella typhimurium after exposure to o2 or h2o2. using hplc with electrochemical detection, we measured 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8ohdg) as a damage marker. o2 induced 8ohdg in p. melaninogenica but not in b. fragilis, which shows catalase activity, or in s. typhimurium. in p. melaninogenica, with catalase, o2 induced less 8ohdg; superoxide d ... | 1999 | 10359070 |
| localized sinus inflammation in a rabbit sinusitis model induced by bacteroides fragilis is accompanied by rigorous immune responses. | we evaluated inflammatory and immune responses against bacteroides fragilis in a rabbit sinusitis model. bacteroides was inoculated into the left maxillary sinus, and inflammatory (histology, cell number/cytology, lactose dehydrogenase, and apoptosis) and immune responses in the sinus, airway, and peripheral blood (pb) were determined for up to 4 weeks. in the inflamed sinus, the lactose dehydrogenase level was markedly elevated, with neutrophilic infiltration, severe tissue inflammation, and in ... | 1999 | 10352442 |
| quinolones: clinical use and formulary considerations. | quinolones are broad-spectrum antibiotics active primarily against aerobic gram-negative organisms. all quinolones have activity against oral anaerobes, but only trovafloxacin provides coverage against bacteroides fragilis, the primary anaerobe of the abdomen/pelvis. in addition, quinolones are very active against atypical pulmonary pathogens, e.g., legionella, but trovafloxacin is the least active against chlamydia. as with other antibiotics, the selection of quinolones depends not simply on th ... | 1998 | 10345149 |
| [peritoneal lavage in standardized peritonitis models]. | the peritoneal lavage in peritonitis can be studied in a standardized manner only in animal models, because peritonitis is too variable and dependent on too many patient related factors. in this article answers are given to questions on the influence of different lavage substances on survival, local and systemic concentrations of bacteria, endotoxin, and tnf as well as on mesothelial adherence of bacteria. these data refer to results from acute models of infection published in the literature. fu ... | 1999 | 10327574 |
| susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria: evaluation of the redesigned (version 96) biomérieux atb ana device. | we compared the susceptibility results for 200 clinical anaerobes with nine antibiotics obtained by using a new atb ana (biomérieux) device against those obtained by the national committee for clinical laboratory standards (nccls) standard agar dilution method. for better evaluation of the device, we added some resistant bacteroides fragilis group strains from our own collection: 3, 6, and 12 strains that were resistant to imipenem, ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid, and co-amoxiclav, respectivel ... | 1999 | 10325331 |
| evaluation of culture results of specimens from patients with suspected anaerobic infection. | in order to establish the etiological agents of anaerobic infections, 154 clinical specimens collected from patients with suspected anaerobic infection were cultured under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. bacteria were isolated from 111 (72%) of these specimens. only aerobes were recovered from 48 (43%), only anaerobes from 31 (28%) and both aerobes and anaerobes from 32 (29%) of the 111 specimens. a total 83 anaerobic bacteria including bacteroides fragilis group (28%), porphyromonas (19% ... | 1999 | 10322615 |
| prostaglandin e2 down-regulation of t cell il-2 production is independent of il-10 during gram-negative sepsis. | the present study ascertained the role of pge2 in sepsis associated modulation of il-2 and il-10 production by t cells. sepsis was induced in 225-250 g male rats (sprague dawley) by implanting fecal pellets containing escherichia coli (100-150 cfu) and bacteroides fragilis (10(4) cfu) into the abdominal cavity. animals implanted with fecal pellets without the bacteria were designated as sterile. for the assessment of pge2 role in sepsis, a group of septic and sterile rats were pretreated with in ... | 1999 | 10232394 |
| effects of short-chain fatty acids on in vitro bacterial growth of bacteroides fragilis and escherichia coli. | short-chain fatty acids (scfa) are produced in the large bowel of nonruminant mammals by bacterial anaerobic fermentation. the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of scfa on the in vitro growth of bacteroides fragilis and escherichia coli. b. fragilis and e. coli isolated from fresh human clinical samples and a reference strain for each species were incubated in a meat infusion broth with increasing amounts of scfa and grown under anaerobic conditions at a temperature of 37 d ... | 1999 | 10225323 |
| in vitro activities of pazufloxacin, a novel injectable quinolone, against bacteria causing infections in obstetric and gynecological patients. | t-3762 is an injectable new quinolone with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. pazufloxacin (t-3761) is an active form of t-3762. the minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) of pazufloxacin for 50% of the clinical isolates tested were 3.13 microg/ml for streptococcus agalactiae, 6.25 microg/ml for gardnerella vaginalis, 0.025 microg/ml for escherichia coli, 0.78 microg/ml for pseudomonas aeruginosa, 6.25 microg/ml for peptostreptococcus magnus, 6.25 microg/ml for bacteroides fragilis an ... | 1999 | 10224336 |
| in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activities of t-3811me, a novel des-f(6)-quinolone. | the in vitro and in vivo activities of t-3811me, a novel des-f(6)-quinolone, were evaluated in comparison with those of some fluoroquinolones, including a newly developed one, trovafloxacin. t-3811, a free base of t-3811me, showed a wide range of antimicrobial spectra, including activities against chlamydia trachomatis, mycoplasma pneumoniae, and mycobacterium tuberculosis. in particular, t-3811 exhibited potent activity against various gram-positive cocci, with mics at which 90% of the isolates ... | 1999 | 10223917 |
| characterization of the batl (bacteroides aerotolerance) operon in bacteroides fragilis: isolation of a b. fragilis mutant with reduced aerotolerance and impaired growth in in vivo model systems. | yt135.2.8, a tn4400' insertion mutant of bacteroides fragilis strain tm4000, grows poorly when used to infect monika or chinese hamster ovary (cho) cell monolayers and is outcompeted by wild-type strains in mixed infections. yt135.2.8 also shows defects in the rat granuloma pouch model system in monoculture and is completely outcompeted by the wild-type strain in a mixed infection. in addition, this mutant shows defects in a new model system consisting of cho suspension cell columns. all of thes ... | 1999 | 10216867 |
| occurrence and levels of phages proposed as surrogate indicators of enteric viruses in different types of sludges. | a method based on the treatment of sludge with beef extract recovered, with similar efficiency, the three groups of bacteriophages studied from different kinds of sludges. the three groups of bacteriophages were found in high numbers in the different sludge types, the highest value being that of somatic coliphages in primary sludge of a biological treatment plant (1.1 x 10(5) pfu g-1) and the lowest being that of bacteroides fragilis phages (110 pfu g-1) in de-watered, anaerobically, mesophilica ... | 1999 | 10212418 |
| subacute sepsis impairs vascular smooth muscle contractile machinery and alters vasoconstrictor and dilator mechanisms. | sepsis results in hyporesponsiveness to alpha-adrenergic stimulation. this is thought to be mediated by the release of vasoactive compounds from the septic endothelium or by the direct effect of sepsis on vascular smooth muscle (vsm) contractile mechanics and machinery. previous studies have used lethal models of sepsis or endotoxemia to examine this phenomenon. the present study utilizes a clinically relevant, nonlethal model of soft tissue infection to determine the effects of sepsis on alpha- ... | 1999 | 10210646 |
| structural consequences of the active site substitution cys181 ==> ser in metallo-beta-lactamase from bacteroides fragilis. | the metallo-beta-lactamases require divalent cations such as zinc or cadmium for hydrolyzing the amide bond of beta-lactam antibiotics. the crystal structure of the zn2+ -bound enzyme from bacteroides fragilis contains a binuclear zinc center in the active site. a hydroxide, coordinated to both zinc atoms, is proposed as the moiety that mounts the nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl carbon atom of the beta-lactam bond of the substrate. it was previously reported that the replacement of the activ ... | 1999 | 10210203 |
| microbiology in intraabdominal infections: what is the message for clinical studies? (opinion paper). | bacterial flora participating in intraabdominal infections are well known. data are reviewed here documenting the constant antibiotic susceptibility of this flora despite many years of widespread use of antibiotics. the flaws inherent in the concept of "microbiologic efficacy" in evaluating antibiotic efficacy are examined. among the possible results of a clinical trial, outcomes not in accord with antibiotic sensitivity data occur regularly. factors such as host defense responses, source contro ... | 1999 | 10206793 |
| reduced bacterial dissemination and liver injury in cd14-deficient mice following a chronic abscess-forming peritonitis induced by bacteroides fragilis. | the cd14 myelomonocytic differentiation antigen plays a major role in acute gram-negative infections with escherichia coli; however, its role in chronic infections has not yet been analyzed. to address this question, we studied the role of cd14 in a chronic abscess-forming peritonitis, induced by bacteroides fragilis. b. fragilis (3x10(8) cfu/ml) were resuspended in a liquid nutrient agar and injected into the peritoneal cavity of cd14-deficient (cd 14-/-) and normal c57bl/6j (cd 14+/+) mice, re ... | 1999 | 10206146 |
| comparative study of techniques used to recover viruses from residual urban sludge. | eight virus extraction techniques were compared on three types of residual urban sludge for simultaneous detection of infectious enteroviruses, somatic coliphages, f-specific rna bacteriophages and bacteroides fragilis bacteriophages. the highest virus counts were found in extracts obtained using three extraction techniques described by respectively using a 10% beef extract solution at ph 9 and sonication, using a 0.3 m nacl/7% beef extract solution at ph 7.5 and freon, and finally using a 0.1 m ... | 1999 | 10204698 |
| tnf-binding protein ameliorates inhibition of skeletal muscle protein synthesis during sepsis. | we examined the effects of tnf-binding protein (tnfbp) on regulatory mechanisms of muscle protein synthesis during sepsis in four groups of rats: control; control+tnfbp; septic; and septic+tnfbp. saline (1. 0 ml) or tnfbp (1 mg/kg, 1.0 ml) was injected daily starting 4 h before the induction of sepsis. the effect of tnfbp on gastrocnemius weight, protein content, and the rate of protein synthesis was examined 5 days later. sepsis reduced the rate of protein synthesis by 35% relative to controls ... | 1999 | 10198295 |
| bacteroides fragilis transfer factor tn5520: the smallest bacterial mobilizable transposon containing single integrase and mobilization genes that function in escherichia coli. | many bacterial genera, including bacteroides spp., harbor mobilizable transposons, a class of transfer factors that carry genes for conjugal dna transfer and, in some cases, antibiotic resistance. mobilizable transposons are capable of inserting into and mobilizing other, nontransferable plasmids and are implicated in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance. this paper presents the isolation and characterization of tn5520, a new mobilizable transposon from bacteroides fragilis lv23. at 4,692 ... | 1999 | 10198023 |
| lipopolysaccharide structure influences the macrophage response via cd14-independent and cd14-dependent pathways. | cd14, a protein expressed on the surface of monocytes and neutrophils, is a major receptor for lipopolysaccharide (lps). studies with normal and cd14-deficient macrophages show that responses to low concentrations of lps require expression of cd14, whereas responses to high concentrations of lps are cd14-independent. since lps isolated from different bacterial species shows structural variability, studies were performed to determine whether differences in lps structure influence cd14-dependent a ... | 1999 | 10194066 |
| in-hospital anaerobic susceptibility testing: an aid to formulary decision making. | in this study, the susceptibility of 116 recent anaerobic isolates, including the bacteroides fragilis group (n = 22), bacteroides spp (n = 65), gram-positive cocci (n = 13), clostridium spp (n = 10), and fusobacterium spp (n = 6) were tested by agar dilution against a variety of agents suggested for prophylaxis or therapy. these agents included ampicillin sodium and sulbactam sodium, cefotaxime, cefoxitin, ceftizoxime, clindamycin, imipenem-cilastatin, metronidazole, and ticarcillin and clavula ... | 1990 | 10105471 |
| diversity of bacteroides fragilis strains in their capacity to recover phages from human and animal wastes and from fecally polluted wastewater. | great differences in capability to detect bacteriophages from urban sewage of the area of barcelona existed among 115 strains of bacteroides fragilis. the capability of six of the strains to detect phages in a variety of feces and wastewater was studied. strains hsp40 and ryc4023 detected similar numbers of phages in urban sewage and did not detect phages in animal feces. the other four strains detected phages in the feces of different animal species and in wastewater of both human and animal or ... | 1999 | 10103280 |
| isolation and characterization of the catalase gene from rhizobium sp. snu003, a root nodule symbiont of canavalia lineata. | a catalase gene from rhizobium sp. snu003, a root nodule symbiont of canavalia lineata, was cloned and its nucleotide sequence was determined. the rhizobium dna of about 280 bp was amplified using two pcr primers synthesized from the conserved sequences of the type i catalase gene. the nucleotide sequence of the amplified fragment revealed three regions that were conserved in the catalase, showing it as being part of the catalase gene. a genomic southern hybridization using this fragment as a pr ... | 1999 | 10102571 |
| antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacteroides fragilis group organisms in korea. | antimicrobial resistance patterns of 913 clinical isolates of bacteroides fragilis group organisms were monitored during an 8-year period in korea. in general the resistance rates of the non-fragilis b. fragilis group species were higher than those of b. fragilis for all the drugs tested. the rate of resistance to clindamycin remarkably increased and those to some beta-lactam drugs such as piperacillin and cefotaxime also increased. no isolates were found to be resistant to imipenem, metronidazo ... | 1998 | 10097686 |
| middle ear pathologic changes associated with chronic anaerobic sinusitis in rabbits. | to study the histopathologic changes in association with the inflammatory/immune response present in the middle ears of a rabbit model of unilateral chronic anaerobic sinusitis. | 1999 | 10089983 |
| microbiological and inflammatory effects of murine recombinant interleukin-10 in two models of polymicrobial peritonitis in rats. | a protective effect of interleukin-10 (il-10) against the development of lethal shock has been demonstrated in various animal models. in contrast, the immunosuppressant properties of this mediator have been minimally evaluated in low-mortality models of infections. the clinical, microbiological, and inflammatory effects of murine recombinant il-10 (mril-10) therapy were evaluated in two models of peritonitis in rats, which differed in the degree of severity of peritoneal inflammation 3 days afte ... | 1999 | 10084989 |
| [laboratory and clinical study of nitazole]. | nitazole, a drug from the nitrotiazole group, was shown to be active in vitro against bacteroides, peptococci, peptostreptococci, clostridia, staphylococci, colibacilli and streptococci. by its activity and antibacterial spectrum nitazole had some advantages over metronidazole, a drug from the nitroimidazole group. experimental study of nitazole aerosole formulation in 4 models of purulent wounds of rabbits infected by bacteroides fragilis, b. melaninogenicus, clostridium perfringens 27 and stap ... | 1998 | 10079871 |
| prevalence of nim genes in anaerobic/facultative anaerobic bacteria isolated in south africa. | this study investigated the prevalence of nim genes (proposed to encode a 5-nitroimidazole resistance product) in 64 anaerobic/facultative anaerobic bacteria. employing universal nim gene primers, 458-bp amplified fragments were recorded as presumptive positives in 22/64 strains at an annealing temperature of 52 degrees c and 15/64 strains at 62 degrees c, of which seven were propionibacteria. dna sequencing confirmed the presence of nima genes in propionibacterium spp. (five strains), actinomyc ... | 1999 | 10079531 |
| bacteroides fragilis toxin 2 damages human colonic mucosa in vitro. | strains of bacteroides fragilis producing a 20 kda protein toxin (b fragilis toxin (bft) or fragilysin) are associated with diarrhoea in animals and humans. although in vitro results indicate that bft damages intestinal epithelial cells in culture, the effects of bft on native human colon are not known. | 1999 | 10075957 |
| toxins from anaerobic bacteria: specificity and molecular mechanisms of action. | major advances have been made in the past five years in the identification of cellular targets of toxins produced by anaerobic bacteria. these targets include the vesicular membrane docking and fusion apparatus, the actin cytoskeleton, the signal transduction machinery and the cell membrane. the recent discovery that large clostridial toxins (clostridium difficile a and b toxins, c. sordellii lethal and hemorrhagic toxins, and alpha c. novyi toxin) are monoglucosyltransferases, together with the ... | 1998 | 10066460 |
| the in-vitro activity of linezolid (u-100766) and tentative breakpoints. | the in-vitro activity of linezolid, a novel oxazolidinone, was investigated in comparison with those of amoxycillin, cefuroxime, quinupristin/dalfopristin, trovafloxacin and vancomycin against 420 recent gram-positive and anaerobic clinical isolates. linezolid was equally active (mic90 1 mg/l) against methicillin-susceptible and -resistant staphylococcus aureus. it demonstrated uniform activity against streptococci and enterococci and no cross-resistance with other agents. the time-kill kinetic ... | 1998 | 10052894 |
| the in-vitro activity of hmr 3647, a new ketolide antimicrobial agent. | the in-vitro activity of hmr 3647, a novel ketolide, was investigated in comparison with those of erythromycin a, roxithromycin, clarithromycin (14-membered ring macrolides), amoxycillin-clavulanate and ciprofloxacin against 719 recent clinical gram-positive, gram-negative and anaerobic isolates and type cultures. hmr 3647 generally demonstrated greater activity than the other compounds with mic90s of < or =0.5 mg/l, except for staphylococcus epidermidis (mic90 > 128 mg/l), haemophilus influenza ... | 1998 | 10052892 |
| in vitro activities of aminomethyl-substituted analogs of novel tetrahydrofuranyl carbapenems. | cl 188,624, cl 190,294, and cl 191,121 are novel aminomethyl tetrahydrofuranyl (thf)-1 beta-methylcarbapenems. the in vitro antibacterial activities of these thf carbapenems were evaluated and compared with those of biapenem, imipenem, and meropenem against 554 recent clinical isolates obtained from geographically distinct medical centers across north america. the antibacterial activities of the thf carbapenems were equivalent to that of biapenem, and the thf carbapenems were slightly more activ ... | 1999 | 10049250 |