Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| shigella ipgb1 promotes bacterial entry through the elmo-dock180 machinery. | shigella use a special mechanism to invade epithelial cells called 'the trigger mechanism of entry', which allows epithelial cells to trap several bacteria simultaneously. on contact, shigella deliver effectors into epithelial cells through the type iii secretion system. here, we show that one of the effectors, ipgb1, has a pivotal role in producing membrane ruffles by exploiting the rhog-elmo-dock180 pathway to stimulate rac1 activity. using pulldown assays, we identified engulfment and cell mo ... | 2007 | 17173036 |
| serological cross-reactivity of environmental isolates of enterobacter, escherichia, stenotrophomonas, and aerococcus with shigella spp.-specific antisera. | using protocols designed for the isolation of shigella from environmental freshwater samples from different regions of bangladesh, 11 bacterial strains giving rise to shigella-like colonies on selective agar plates and showing serological cross-reaction with shigella-specific antisera were isolated. phylogenetic analyses revealed that three of the isolates were most closely related to escherichia coli, four to enterobacter sp., two to stenotrophomonas, and two isolates belonged to the gram-posit ... | 2007 | 17171463 |
| [acute dysentery shigella sonnei outbreak in child day care center: study of the source of infection]. | 2006 | 17163149 | |
| revisiting the molecular evolutionary history of shigella spp. | the theory that shigella is derived from multiple independent origins of escherichia coli (pupo et al. 2000) has been challenged by recent findings that the virulence plasmids (vps) and the chromosomes share a similar evolutionary history (escobar-paramo et al. 2003), which suggests that an ancestral vp entered an e. coli strain only once, which gave rise to shigella spp. in an attempt to resolve these conflicting theories, we constructed three phylogenetic trees in this study: a robust chromoso ... | 2007 | 17160643 |
| an injected bacterial effector targets chromatin access for transcription factor nf-kappab to alter transcription of host genes involved in immune responses. | phosphorylation of histone h3 at ser10 increases chromatin accessibility to transcription factor nf-kappab on a subset of genes involved in immune responses. here we report that a bacterial pathogen abrogated phosphorylation of histone h3 to 'shape' the transcriptional responses of infected host cells. we identify the shigella flexneri protein effector ospf as a dually specific phosphatase that dephosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinases in the nucleus, thus preventing histone h3 phosphor ... | 2007 | 17159983 |
| occurrence of campylobacter jejuni in shiraz, southwest iran. | to investigate the occurrence of campylobacter jejuni among other bacterial agents of acute diarrhea. | 2007 | 17159366 |
| outbreak of gastroenteritis at a peruvian naval base. | in april of 2003, an outbreak of gastroenteritis was reported in a training command (centro de instrucción técnica y entrenamiento naval (citen)) at a peruvian naval base located near lima, peru. the naval medical research center detachment, in collaboration with the national peruvian naval hospital, conducted an investigation to determine the causative agent and potential source of the outbreak. between april 3 and 5, 172 (16%) of 1,092 military trainees reported to the citen clinic with diarrh ... | 2006 | 17153548 |
| salmonella and shigella in freshly squeezed orange juice, fresh oranges, and wiping cloths collected from public markets and street booths in guadalajara, mexico: incidence and comparison of analytical routes. | a survey of the presence of salmonella and shigella in freshly squeezed orange juice and related samples was conducted in guadalajara, mexico. one hundred samples of freshly squeezed orange juice were collected from 49 street booths and 51 small food service establishments. in addition, 75 fresh orange samples, each consisting of five orange units, and 75 wiping cloths were collected from the same establishments from which juice had been collected. salmonella was isolated from 14, 20, and 23% of ... | 2006 | 17133801 |
| occurrence and diversity of integrons and beta-lactamase genes among ampicillin-resistant isolates from estuarine waters. | the aim of the present study was to assess the occurrence and molecular diversity of beta-lactamase genes and integrons among gram-negative ampicillin-resistant bacteria from ria de aveiro. ampicillin-resistant isolates were selected and subjected to genotyping using rep-pcr. representatives from each rep pattern were affiliated with the following taxa by sequencing the 16s rrna gene: aeromonas caviae, a. hydrophila, a. media, a. molluscorum, a. veronii, a. salmonicida, aeromonas sp., pseudomona ... | 2006 | 17125975 |
| incidence of enteric bacterial pathogens in water found at the bottom of commercial freezers in calabar, southeastern nigeria. | bacteriological analysis of water that accumulates at the bottom of freezers in restaurants when the power was cut in calabar, southeastern nigeria, was carried out using standard procedures. mean heterotrophic bacterial counts and escherichia coli counts ranged from 3.1 +/- 0.02 to 7.1 +/- 0.30 x 10(4) cfu/ml and 0.2 +/- 0.10 to 0.6 +/- 0.50 x 10(4) cfu/ml, respectively, indicating heavy bacterial contamination whose source was mostly fecal. there was no significant difference (p > 0.05, 0.01) ... | 2006 | 17125005 |
| the contribution of cytolethal distending toxin to bacterial pathogenesis. | cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) is a bacterial toxin that initiates a eukaryotic cell cycle block at the g2 stage prior to mitosis. cdt is produced by a number of bacterial pathogens including: campylobacter species, escherichia coli, salmonella enterica serovar typhi, shigella dystenteriae, enterohepatic helicobacter species, actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (the cause of aggressive periodontitis), and haemophilus ducreyi (the cause of chancroid). the functional toxin is composed of three ... | 2006 | 17123907 |
| a microbial diagnostic microarray technique for the sensitive detection and identification of pathogenic bacteria in a background of nonpathogens. | a major challenge in microbial diagnostics is the parallel detection and identification of low-bundance pathogens within a complex microbial community. in addition, a high specificity providing robust, reliable identification at least at the species level is required. a microbial diagnostic microarray approach, using single nucleotide extension labeling with gyrb as the marker gene, was developed. we present a novel concept applying competitive oligonucleotide probes to improve the specificity o ... | 2007 | 17123456 |
| changing epidemiology of shigellosis and emergence of ciprofloxacin-resistant shigellae in india. | 2007 | 17122011 | |
| analysis of fecal leukocytes and erythrocytes in shigella infections in urban bangladesh. | we evaluated the usefulness of enumeration of fecal leukocytes and erythrocytes in making an early diagnosis of shigella infection, where shigella is a leading cause of invasive diarrhea. stool specimens from 561 invasive diarrhea patients were submitted for microscopic examination. a presumptive diagnosis of shigellosis based on microscopic examination was made in 389 of them; 227 had stool cultures positive for shigella spp (shigella patients). one hundred sixty-two patients with no detectable ... | 2006 | 17121301 |
| a new monoterpene glycoside and antibacterial monoterpene glycosides from paeonia suffruticosa. | antibacterial activity-guided fractionation of the chci3-meoh (1:1) extract of paeonia suffruticosa root bark furnished three monoterpene glycosides, 6-o-vanillyoxypaeoniflorin (1), mudanpioside-h (2), and galloyl-oxypaeoniflorin (3). of the isolated compounds, compound 1 is a new compound. all isolated compounds showed broad, but moderate, antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) values in the range of 100 to 500 microg/ml against eighteen pathogenic microorganisms of ... | 2006 | 17121173 |
| enteropathogenic escherichia coli, shigella flexneri, and listeria monocytogenes recruit a junctional protein, zonula occludens-1, to actin tails and pedestals. | enteropathogenic escherichia coli, shigella flexneri, and listeria monocytogenes induce localized actin polymerization at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane or within the host cytoplasm, creating unique actin-rich structures termed pedestals or actin tails. the process is known to be mediated by the actin-related protein 2 and 3 (arp2/3) complex, which in these cases acts downstream of neural wiskott-aldrich syndrome protein (n-wasp) or of a listerial functional homolog of wasp family p ... | 2007 | 17118974 |
| ipad is localized at the tip of the shigella flexneri type iii secretion apparatus. | type iii secretion (t3s) systems are used by numerous gram-negative pathogenic bacteria to inject virulence proteins into animal and plant host cells. the core of the t3s apparatus, known as the needle complex, is composed of a basal body transversing both bacterial membranes and a needle protruding above the bacterial surface. in shigella flexneri, ipad is required to inhibit the activity of the t3s apparatus prior to contact of bacteria with host and has been proposed to assist translocation o ... | 2007 | 17110044 |
| genetic characterization of multidrug resistance in shigella spp. from japan. | this study characterized the genetic basis of antimicrobial resistance of a number of shigella spp. isolated from humans from 2000 to 2004 in hiroshima prefecture, japan. a total of 26 isolates of shigella spp. were included in this study. antimicrobial susceptibility tests revealed high levels of resistance, especially to ampicillin, streptomycin, trimethoprim, tetracycline, nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin. pcr and dna sequencing were used for screening and characterization of antibiotic-resis ... | 2006 | 17108272 |
| microtubule-severing activity of shigella is pivotal for intercellular spreading. | some pathogenic bacteria actually invade the cytoplasm of their target host cells. invasive bacteria acquire the propulsive force to move by recruiting actin and inducing its polymerization. here we show that shigella movement within the cytoplasm was severely hindered by microtubules and that the bacteria destroyed surrounding microtubules by secreting vira by means of the type iii secretion system. degradation of microtubules by vira was dependent on its alpha-tubulin-specific cysteine proteas ... | 2006 | 17095701 |
| microbiology. bacterial bushwacking through a microtubule jungle. | 2006 | 17095683 | |
| shigella applies molecular mimicry to subvert vinculin and invade host cells. | shigella flexneri, the causative agent of bacillary dysentery, injects invasin proteins through a type iii secretion apparatus upon contacting the host cell, which triggers pathogen internalization. the invasin ipaa is essential for s. flexneri pathogenesis and binds to the cytoskeletal protein vinculin to facilitate host cell entry. we report that ipaa harbors two vinculin-binding sites (vbss) within its c-terminal domain that bind to and activate vinculin in a mutually exclusive fashion. only ... | 2006 | 17088427 |
| o-acetylation in the o-specific polysaccharide isolated from shigella flexneri serotype 2a. | shigella flexneri causes diarrheal diseases especially in infants and children in developing countries. modifications of the lipopolysaccharide (lps) molecule, like bacteriophage-mediated glucosylation and acetylation of the o-specific chain (o-sp), are important for the lps antigenicity and consequently for the immunogenicity of the polysaccharide-based vaccines against shigellosis. here, we report the degree of o-acetylation and the localisation of o-acetyl groups and side-chain glucose substi ... | 2007 | 17087926 |
| disinfection of sludge with high pathogenic content using silver and other compounds. | a physicochemical sludge with high microbial content (10(2)-10(4) fpu/g ts bacteriophages, 10(6)-10(7) mpn/g ts faecal coliforms, 10(4) mpn/g ts salmonella spp., 10(4) mpn/g ts shigella spp., 10(3) mpn/g ts pseudomonas aeruginosa, 10(2) mpn/g ts vibrio cholerae, 10(2)-10(3) cysts/g ts giardia sp., 10(2)-10(4) oocyts/g ts cryptosporidium sp., 168-215 viable helminth ova/g ts) was disinfected using silver, silver-copper, and silver-copper plus a synergistic agent (sa). twenty milligrams ag/g ts in ... | 2006 | 17087384 |
| structural studies of the o-antigenic polysaccharides from shigella dysenteriae type 3 and escherichia coli o124, a reinvestigation. | the structures of the o-antigenic part of the lipopolysaccharides from shigella dysenteriae type 3 and escherichia coli o124 have been reinvestigated. (1)h and (13)c nmr spectroscopy in combination with selected 2d nmr techniques were used to determine the o-antigen pentasaccharide repeating units with the following structure: [see text]. from biosynthetic considerations this should also be the biological repeating unit. the structures of the repeating units also explain the previously observed ... | 2006 | 17081507 |
| octaplex pcr and fluorescence-based capillary electrophoresis for identification of human diarrheagenic escherichia coli and shigella spp. | a multiplex pcr assay, amplifying seven specific virulence genes and one internal control gene in a single reaction, was developed to identify the five main pathotypes of diarrheagenic escherichia coli and shigella spp. the virulence genes selected for each category were stx1, stx2, and eaea for enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec), eaea for enteropathogenic e. coli (epec), stib and lti for enterotoxigenic e. coli (etec), ipah for enteroinvasive e. coli (eiec) and shigella spp., and aggr for enteroa ... | 2007 | 17079041 |
| self-chaperoning of the type iii secretion system needle tip proteins ipad and bipd. | bacteria expressing type iii secretion systems (t3ss) have been responsible for the deaths of millions worldwide, acting as key virulence elements in diseases ranging from plague to typhoid fever. the t3ss is composed of a basal body, which traverses both bacterial membranes, and an external needle through which effector proteins are secreted. we report multiple crystal structures of two proteins that sit at the tip of the needle and are essential for virulence: ipad from shigella flexneri and b ... | 2007 | 17077085 |
| immunoproteome analysis of soluble and membrane proteins of shigella flexneri 2457t. | to profile the immunogenic proteins of shigella flexneri (s. flexneri) expressed during human infection using a proteomic approach. | 2006 | 17075984 |
| ce to monitor endotoxins by protein complexation. | a new ce method for fast and efficient analysis of bacterial endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides) is described. it is based on the strong interaction between proteins and endotoxins. the uv absorption of the protein component in the complex is used for the detection. the electrophoretic mobility of the complex hemoglobin/endotoxin can be employed for qualitative analysis of the endotoxin. for instance, the structural differences between "smooth" and "rough" lipopolysaccharides from salmonella minnes ... | 2006 | 17075946 |
| [amplified fragment length polymorphism genotyping of shigellae and comparison to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and colicin typing]. | shigella is an etiological agent of communicable and food-borne disease worldwide, so it is important to develop typing for shigella in epidemiological studies. we compared amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp), molecular epidemiological typing, to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and colicin typing in typeability, reproducibility, discriminatory power, ease of interpretation, and ease of use for 51 shigella isolates to determine aflp applicability to shigella. aflp showed less re ... | 2006 | 17073265 |
| shigella sonnei outbreak among homosexual men, london. | 2006 | 17073105 | |
| prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of shigella species in asmara, eritrea, northeast africa. | diarrheal diseases are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children in developing countries. of the bacterial causes of dysentery, shigella are the major enteropathogens with outbreak potential and common development of antimicrobial resistance. this study determined the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of different spp. of shigella in asmara, eritrea. | 2006 | 17066201 |
| enterobacterial 38-kda outer membrane protein is an age-dependent molecular marker of innate immunity and immunoglobulin deficiency as results from its reactivity with igg and iga antibody. | in earlier studies on an animal model we observed protective properties of outer membrane proteins (omps) of shigella, hafnia, and escherichia coli strains. in order to investigate human sera for reactivity with omps we subjected these proteins to immunoblotting with umbilical cord plasma and sera from children and adults. the igg and iga antibodies interacted primarily with a 38-kda protein, in similar way for several enterobacterial strains, but different for pseudomonas aeruginosa. this obser ... | 2006 | 17064276 |
| determination of the profile of fatty acids of 4 species of shigella spp by chromatography of gases. | shigella boydii, shigella flexneri, shigella dysenteriae and shigella sonnei were identified using gas chromatography instead of the traditional techniques. their acid methyl esters profiles were determined using a gas chromatograph hewlett packard 5890a and a rsl-150 heliflex capillary column. a total of 192 samples were analyzed both reference strains (atcc 8700, indre b2188, b2194 and b2199) and environmental isolates. 12 fatty acids were included in the profiles from which 3-hydroxytetradeca ... | 2002 | 17063774 |
| current aspects of shigella pathogenesis. | bacillary dysentery (shigellosis) is a severe human disease caused by shigellae. in recent years, a large amount of information has been generated regarding the host, pathogen and environmental factors that impact the pathogenesis of shigellosis at the cellular and molecular level. this review summarizes what is currently known about shigella, detailing those factors that contribute to pathogenesis and examining the current progress in the development of a vaccine. | 2004 | 17061529 |
| shigella flexneri strains produce bacteriocins active against members of the human microbial intestinal flora. | the principal aim of this work was to detect the bacteriocinogenic capacity of s. flexneri strains on members of the human intestinal flora. a total of 49 bacteriocinogenic s. flexneri strains were isolated from individuals of both sexes and different ages. the bacteriocins were detected by means of the drop method using e. coli and b. fragilis as target strains. the serotypes of the s. flexneri were determined. the producer capacity of bacteriocins was analysed in 10 different colonies of the s ... | 2004 | 17061528 |
| effects of the bacteriocin psvp-10 produced by pseudomonas sp. on sensitive bacterial strains. | the bacteriocin psvp-10 is a 2.6 kda peptide which was isolated and purified from pseudomonas sp. this bacteriocin possesses lethal activity over enterococcus faecalis, salmonella typhimurium and shigella flexneri. the experimental assays showed that the bacteriocin is able to be adsorbed by all cells of these bacterial species and also by their isolated cell walls. it was observed that the resistant mutants and their respective cell walls are unable to adsorb the bacteriocin. assays performed w ... | 2002 | 17061511 |
| ipaa targets beta1 integrins and rho to promote actin cytoskeleton rearrangements necessary for shigella entry. | shigella invasion into the colonic epithelium involves many steps including the formation of large membrane protrusions by the epithelial cells that facilitate bacterial engulfment. ipaa, a shigella protein secreted into target cells upon cell contact induces a loss of actin stress fibers in cells and promotes the reorganization of actin at the site of entry. the mechanism for this is not known but is thought to involve recruitment of the focal adhesion protein vinculin to ipaa. here we have exa ... | 2006 | 17060328 |
| identification of essential loops and residues of glucosyltransferase v (gtrv) of shigella flexneri. | lipopolysaccharide (lps), particularly the o-antigen component, is one of many virulence determinants necessary for shigella flexneri pathogenesis. o-antigen modification is mediated by glucosyltransferase (gtr) genes encoded by temperate serotype-converting bacteriophages. the gtrv and gtrx genes encode the gtrv and gtrx glucosyltransferases, respectively. these are integral membrane proteins, which catalyze the transfer of a glucosyl residue via an alpha1,3 linkage to rhamnose ii and rhamnose ... | 2006 | 17060158 |
| transcriptional slippage controls production of type iii secretion apparatus components in shigella flexneri. | during transcription, series of approximately 9 as or ts can direct rna polymerase to incorporate into the mrna nucleotides not encoded by the dna, changing the reading frame downstream from the slippage site. we detected series of 9 or 10 as in spa13, spa33 and mxia encoding type iii secretion apparatus components. analysis of cdnas indicated that transcriptional slippage occurs in spa13, mxia and spa33. changes in the reading frame were confirmed by using plasmids carrying slippage sites in th ... | 2006 | 17059566 |
| metalloantibiotics: synthesis, characterization and in-vitro antibacterial studies on cobalt (ii), copper (ii), nickel (ii) and zinc (ii) complexes with cloxacillin. | the synthesis and characterization of cloxacillin (clox) complexes with divalent metal ions [co (ii), cu (ii), ni (ii) and zn (ii)] is described. the nature of bonding of the chelated cloxacillin and the structures of the metal complexes have been elucidated on the basis of their physical and spectroscopic data. in all the complexes, the cloxacillin acts as a uninegatively charged bidentate ligand with coordination involving the carboxylate-o and endocyclic-n of the beta-lactam ring. the new com ... | 2006 | 17059178 |
| the bacterial weaponry: lessons from shigella. | shigella, a gram-negative bacterial species of the family enterobacteriaceae, causes bacillary dysentery in humans, an acute rectocolitis that reflects the capacity of the microorganism to disrupt, invade, and cause the inflammatory destruction of the intestinal epithelium. here, the pathogenesis of shigella infection is analyzed in the context of the disruption of the homeostatic balance that protects the gut against inflammation in the presence of its commensal flora. thus a unified view by wh ... | 2006 | 17057210 |
| distribution of shigella enterotoxin genes and secreted autotransporter toxin gene among diverse species and serotypes of shigella isolated from andaman islands, india. | we studied the prevalence and distribution of the newly described genes for shigella enterotoxins (shet1 and shet2, encoded by set and sen genes) and secreted auto-transporter toxin (encoded by sat gene) in clinical isolates from the andaman islands, india. a total of 153 shigella isolates obtained from hospitalized patients during 1994-2004 were analysed. these isolates included all the four species of shigella (s. dyseteriae-29, s. flexneri-75, s. sonnei-38, s. boydii-5) that belonged to diver ... | 2006 | 17054749 |
| 13c nmr spectroscopy of core heme carbons as a simple tool to elucidate the coordination state of ferric high-spin heme proteins. | evidence is presented demonstrating that the magnitudes of the 13c chemical shifts originating from heme meso carbons provide a straightforward diagnostic tool to elucidate the coordination state of high-spin heme proteins and enzymes. pentacoordinate high-spin heme centers exhibit 13c meso shifts centered at approximately 250 ppm, whereas their hexacoordinate counterparts exhibit 13c shifts centered at approximately -80 ppm. the relatively small spectral window (400 to -100 ppm) covering the me ... | 2006 | 17054345 |
| detection of genogroup i and ii human picobirnaviruses showing small genomic rna profile causing acute watery diarrhoea among children in kolkata, india. | picobirnaviruses (pbvs) with bisegmented small rna genome profile (1.75 and 1.55kbp for segment 1 and 2, respectively) were detected from 1999 to 2003 in faecal specimens of acute watery diarrhoea cases, largely children (n=20) and an adult in kolkata, india. varying degrees of dehydration necessitated their visit to hospital for further treatment and management of acute watery diarrhoea. pbv was associated with rotavirus (n=3) or astrovirus (n=3) and with both in one case. no co-infection with ... | 2007 | 17049316 |
| a field study of the microbiological quality of fresh produce of domestic and mexican origin. | produce is responsible for an increasingly larger proportion of foodborne disease outbreaks. in particular, the globalization of the food supply may introduce new food safety risks and allow widespread distribution of contaminated food, particularly produce. the objectives of this study were to: (i) compare the overall quality of domestic and mexican produce throughout the packing process; (ii) examine changes in microbiological quality of both domestic and mexican produce at each stage of produ ... | 2006 | 17045687 |
| wavelet analysis of dna walks. | a wavelet transform of the dna "walk" constructed from a genomic sequence offers a direct visualization of short and long-range patterns in nucleotide sequences. we study sequences that encode diverse biological functions, taken from a variety of genomes. pattern irregularities in the transform are frequently associated with sequences of biological interest. exonic regions, for example, visualize differently under wavelet analysis than introns, and ribosomal rna regions display distinct universa ... | 2006 | 17037959 |
| [rapid detection of pseudomonas aeruginosa by the fluorescence quantitative pcr assay targeting 16s rdna]. | the 16s rdna specific primers were designed for rapid detection of pseudomonas aeruginosa (pa) by the fluorescence quantitative pcr (fq-pcr) assay, based upon multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis of the 16s rdnas of over 20 bacteria. after extraction of pa genomic dna, the target 16s rdna fragment was amplified by pcr with specific primers, and used to construct recombinant pmdt-pfr plasmid, the dilution gradients of which were subjected to the standard quantitation curve i ... | 2006 | 17037203 |
| direct detection of bacterial faecal indicators in water samples using pcr. | the presence of enteric pathogens in water resources represents a serious risk for public health. therefore, their precise detection, and especially detection of e. coli, which is obviously regarded as the main indicator of faecal contamination of water, is an essential step in ensuring bacterial safety of water. numerous pcr protocols for detection of e. coli have been published to date. they are usually based on amplification of regions derived from lacz (beta-d-galactosidase) and uida (beta-d ... | 2006 | 17037144 |
| host responses to secreted shigella virulence factors. | shigella and related enteropathogens deliver effector molecules into the cytoplasm of epithelial cells and macrophages via a type iii secretion system. epithelial cells respond to contact with shigella by rearranging the cytoskeleton, which leads to uptake of the bacterium. apart from several cytoskeletal proteins, this process involves the recruitment and activation of kinases, and the small gtpase rho. macrophages infected with shigella undergo apoptosis and release mature il-1beta, a pro-infl ... | 1999 | 17035783 |
| vaccination against bacterial gut infections. | recent developments in the field of vaccination against gut-borne bacterial illness are reviewed, including the major pathogens such as salmonella, shigella, cholera and escherichia coli. the approaches covered range from immunization with killed and live attenuated organisms to genetically detoxified toxin molecules and dna vaccination and transgenic foods. both homologous and heterologous responses to various organisms and vector technologies are discussed in murine, bovine and human models, a ... | 1998 | 17033426 |
| bacterial infections of the gut (excluding enteric fever). | bacterial enteric infections are still a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and many challenges lie ahead in understanding and managing these conditions. clostridium difficile remains the most important nosocomial infection. antibiotic resistance makes the treatment of shigella infections increasingly difficult. molecular and cellular techniques are, however, rapidly expanding our understanding of the complexity of the pathogenesis of established and newly recognized pathogens. | 1998 | 17033424 |
| rna-templated chemistry in cells: discrimination of escherichia, shigella and salmonella bacterial strains with a new two-color fret strategy. | 2006 | 17031884 | |
| bacteriocin-like inhibitor substances produced by mexican strains of bacillus thuringiensis. | bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides synthesized and secreted by bacteria and could potentially be used as natural food preservatives. here, we report the production of bacteriocin-like inhibitor substances (bt-blis) by five mexican strains of bacillus thuringiensis. bacillus thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni (lbit 269), b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (lbit 287), b. thuringiensis subsp kenyae (lbit 404), b. thuringiensis subsp. entomocidus (lbit 420) and b. thuringiensis subsp. tolworthi (lbit ... | 2007 | 17031616 |
| induction of mucosal immune responses by bacteria and bacterial components. | bacteria have well documented abilities to induce protective as well as pathogenic mucosal immune responses, with the type of response dependent on the genetically programmed balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and t-lymphocyte subsets. inflammatory bowel disease, especially crohn disease and periodontal disease, appear to be overly aggressive cellular immune responses to some, but not all, normal resident bacteria. recent evidence suggests that the balance of protective (probiotic) ... | 2001 | 17031218 |
| bacterial aetiology of diarrhoea in young children: high prevalence of enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) not belonging to the classical epec serogroups. | diarrhoeal disease continues to be one of the most common causes of admittance in children hospital emergency. the aim of the present study was to investigate the relative contribution of enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (epec and ehec, respectively) as a cause of infectious bacterial diarrhoea in children from the region of toulouse. we analysed 280 samples of stools from 280 children (<2 years) with diarrhoea admitted in the "hopital des enfants" from january to august 2 ... | 2006 | 17030460 |
| identification and characterization of "pathoadaptive mutations" of the cadba operon in several intestinal escherichia coli. | the dysenteric shigella spp. and enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) have evolved from commensal e. coli by the acquisition of a virulence plasmid and inactivation of genes of the cad locus encoding lysine decarboxylase (ldc) by so-called pathoadaptive mutation. as horizontal gene transfer and recombination occurs frequently in e. coli we were interested to see if similar pathoadaptive mutations are commonly present in other intestinal pathotypes. therefore, we examined 140 intestinal e. coli ... | 2006 | 17027337 |
| [the electron microscopic study of cell-to-cell interactions between antagonistic microorganisms]. | the electron microscopic study of thin sections and positively stained specimens of cells taken from particular cocultures of lactobacillus acidophilus d75, lactobacillus casei yit 9018, shigella flexnery 2a, bacillus subtilis atcc 6633, and staphylococcus aureus atcc 25923 (some of these bacteria are antagonistic to others) showed the presence of specific ultrastructural elements indicating cell specialization and cooperation. the responses of antagonistic bacteria manifested themselves at the ... | 2006 | 17025183 |
| bacterial infections of the small intestine and colon. | bacterial infections of the small and large intestine are widespread and continue to be topics of active research. surveys document the importance of diarrheal disease in many settings. major breakthroughs in the understanding of pathogenic mechanisms (especially the interactions of bacteria and intestinal cells) continue, particularly with respect to shigella, salmonella, yersinia species, and enteropathogenic escherichia coli. pathogenic mechanisms of other bacteria, such as campylobacter and ... | 2000 | 17024009 |
| foodborne infections. | the role of foodborne infections in the health of the population has become of major concern recently. numerous agents are transmitted in food and water and typically result in acute gastroenteritis, although long-term complications such as reactive arthritis (due to salmonella, yersinia, and shigella organisms), guillain-barré syndrome (due to campylobacter organisms), and renal failure (due to escherichia coli) are now well recognized. the development of foodnet to follow the epidemiology of s ... | 1999 | 17024004 |
| bacterial infections of the small intestine and colon. | enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, vibrio cholerae o1, campylobacter jejuni, salmonella species, and shigella species are major causes of morbidity and death in diarrheal disease. more recently recognized pathogens are v. cholerae o139 and enterohemorrhagic e. coli. in addition to this, several presumptive virulence factors have been identified in diarrheagenic e. coli and in other species. to confirm these as virulence factors we need good diagnostic tools and good epidemiological studies. these ... | 1999 | 17023917 |
| outbreaks of multidrug-resistant shigella sonnei gastroenteritis associated with day care centers--kansas, kentucky, and missouri, 2005. | infection with shigella sonnei that is resistant to antibiotics commonly used in pediatric practice has become more common during the past decade. in 2005, kansas, kentucky, and missouri reported increases in shigellosis cases associated with day care centers caused predominantly by multidrug-resistant (mdr) (i.e., resistant to ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole [tmp/smx]) strains of s. sonnei. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) patterns for isolates from kansas and missouri were ... | 2006 | 17021592 |
| evaluation of the bd phoenix automated microbiology system for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of enterobacteriaceae. | we evaluated the accuracy of the bd phoenix system for the identification (id) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (ast) of 251 isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae representing 31 species. organisms were inoculated onto the phoenix panel according to the manufacturer's instructions. the results from conventional biochemical tests were used for the reference method for id. agar dilution, performed according to the clsi guidelines, was the reference ast method. essential and categorical ... | 2006 | 17021074 |
| development of a serotype-specific dna microarray for identification of some shigella and pathogenic escherichia coli strains. | shigella and pathogenic escherichia coli are major causes of human infectious diseases and are responsible for millions of cases of diarrhea worldwide every year. a convenient and rapid method to identify highly pathogenic serotypes of shigella and e. coli is needed for large-scale epidemiologic study, timely clinical diagnosis, and reliable quarantine of the pathogens. in this study, a dna microarray targeting o-serotype-specific genes was developed to detect 15 serotypes of shigella and e. col ... | 2006 | 17021058 |
| induction of expression of hfq by dksa is essential for shigella flexneri virulence. | hfq plays an important role in cellular physiology by regulating the expression of several genes. hfq synthesis in escherichia coli is subject to auto-repression at translational level. studies with shigella flexneri show that hfq transcription is regulated by a pleiotropic regulator, dksa. comparison of gene expression profiles of wild type and dksa mutant s. flexneri determined that hfq expression was reduced in the dksa mutant. as dksa is required for stress resistance and plaque formation in ... | 2006 | 17020583 |
| general practitioner practices in requesting laboratory tests for patients with gastroenteritis in the netherlands, 2001-2002. | the objective of this study was to estimate the (selective) proportion of patients consulting their gp for an episode of gastroenteritis for whom laboratory tests were requested. in addition adherence of gps to the guidelines for diagnostic test regime was ascertained. | 2006 | 17014713 |
| crystal structure of the diadenosine tetraphosphate hydrolase from shigella flexneri 2a. | 2006 | 17006950 | |
| different additional risk factors for cerebral infarctions associated with the factor v leiden mutation in a family. | several cases with cerebral infarctions associated with the factor v leiden mutation have been reported. however, bearing in mind the large number of asymptomatic individuals with the factor v leiden mutation, additional risk factors for cerebral infarctions should be considered. in this report, two siblings with cerebral infarctions associated with a combination of heterozygous factor v leiden mutation and different additional exogenous and endogenous thrombogenic risk factors are described. re ... | 2006 | 17005112 |
| short report: analysis of clonal relationship among shigella sonnei isolates circulating in argentina. | thirty-five isolates of shigella sonnei from patients with diarrhoea in three geographic regions of argentina were examined for genetic diversity by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and plasmid profile. pfge of xbai and blni dna digests confirmed the occurrence of outbreaks in two regions caused by two separate predominant clones of s. sonnei. the third region was characterized by three circulating clones, one of which was possibly associated with an outbreak. similar plasmids were found ... | 2007 | 16999876 |
| risk factors for shigellosis in thailand. | to assess the potential risk factors for shigellosis including housefly density. | 2006 | 16997593 |
| an extensive repertoire of type iii secretion effectors in escherichia coli o157 and the role of lambdoid phages in their dissemination. | several pathogenic strains of escherichia coli exploit type iii secretion to inject "effector proteins" into human cells, which then subvert eukaryotic cell biology to the bacterium's advantage. we have exploited bioinformatics and experimental approaches to establish that the effector repertoire in the sakai strain of enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec) o157:h7 is much larger than previously thought. homology searches led to the identification of >60 putative effector genes. thirteen of these were ... | 2006 | 16990433 |
| ospf and ospc1 are shigella flexneri type iii secretion system effectors that are required for postinvasion aspects of virulence. | shigella flexneri is the causative agent of dysentery, and its pathogenesis is mediated by a type iii secretion system (t3ss). s. flexneri secretes effector proteins into the eukaryotic cell via the t3ss, and these proteins usurp host cellular functions to the benefit of the bacteria. ospf and ospc1 are known to be secreted by s. flexneri, but their functions are unknown. we transformed s. flexneri with a plasmid that expresses a two-hemagglutinin tag (2ha) in frame with ospf or ospc1 and verifi ... | 2006 | 16988276 |
| usefulness of inter-is1 spacer polymorphisms for subtyping of shigella sonnei isolates. | shigella sonnei contains numerous is1 elements. the existence of polymorphisms in the length of the inter-is1 spacer is a basis for the development of a pcr-based method for the subtyping of s. sonnei strains. the usefulness of inter-is1 spacer typing (ist) was evaluated and compared with that of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) by characterization of s. sonnei isolates from epidemiologically nonrelated cases and outbreaks and of isolates that were indistinguishable by pfge and that were ... | 2006 | 16988023 |
| quinine sulfate inhibits invasion of salmonella typhimurium and shigella flexneri: a preliminary study. | 2006 | 16987134 | |
| [development of a gold-immunochromatography test for rapid detecting e. coli o157]. | to develop a method for rapid detecting escherichia coli (e. coli) o157 on site. | 2006 | 16986519 |
| screening antimicrobial activity of various extracts of artemisia dracunculus l. | the antimicrobial activities of chloroform, acetone and two different concentrations of methanol extracts of artemisia dracunculus l. were studied. these extracts were tested against nine bacteria and four yeasts strains by the disc diffusion method. the results indicated that the methanol extract of a. dracunculus is more effective against tested microorganisms than chloroform or acetone extracts. the chloroform and acetone extracts were inhibitory only towards pseudomonas aeruginosa (atcc 2785 ... | 2007 | 16986171 |
| high vaccine efficacy against shigellosis of recombinant noninvasive shigella mutant that expresses yersinia invasin. | live attenuated shigella vaccines elicit protective immune responses, but involve a potential risk of inducing a strong inflammatory reaction. the bacterial invasiveness that is crucial for ag delivery causes inflammatory destruction of infected epithelial cells and proinflammatory cell death of infected macrophages. in this study, the noninvasive shigella mutant deltaipab was equipped with yersinia invasin protein, which has been shown to mediate bacterial invasion and targeting to m cells loca ... | 2006 | 16982910 |
| acanthamoeba: could it be an environmental host of shigella? | shigellosis is a serious public health problem in korea, because large outbreaks of shigella sonnei infections were recorded in many parts of the country during the period 1998-2000. however, the epidemiological features of shigellosis are not well known. in this study, we devised conditions suitable for the growth and replication of shigella in an amoebic intracellular environment, and investigate whether medium conditions affect the survival and replication of shigella within acanthamoeba. we ... | 2007 | 16978610 |
| efficacy of solar disinfection of escherichia coli, shigella flexneri, salmonella typhimurium and vibrio cholerae. | to determine the efficacy of solar disinfection (sodis) for enteric pathogens and to test applicability of the reciprocity law. | 2006 | 16968294 |
| a multicentre study of shigella diarrhoea in six asian countries: disease burden, clinical manifestations, and microbiology. | the burden of shigellosis is greatest in resource-poor countries. although this diarrheal disease has been thought to cause considerable morbidity and mortality in excess of 1,000,000 deaths globally per year, little recent data are available to guide intervention strategies in asia. we conducted a prospective, population-based study in six asian countries to gain a better understanding of the current disease burden, clinical manifestations, and microbiology of shigellosis in asia. | 2006 | 16968124 |
| preliminary pharmacological screening of bixa orellana l. leaves. | preliminary pharmacological studies were performed on the methanol extract of bixa orellana l. (bixaceae) leaves to investigate neuropharmacological, anticonvulsant, analgesic, antidiarrhoeal activity and effect on gastrointestinal motility. all studies were conducted in mice using doses of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg of body weight. in the pentobarbitone-induced hypnosis test, the extract statistically reduced the time for the onset of sleep at 500 mg/kg dose and (dose-dependently) increased the tot ... | 2006 | 16963211 |
| the role of clathrin-dependent endocytosis in bacterial internalization. | internalization of bacteria into mammalian host cells has been studied extensively in the past two decades. these studies have highlighted the amazingly diverse strategies used by bacterial pathogens to induce their entry in non-phagocytic cells. the roles of actin and of the whole cytoskeletal machinery have been investigated in great detail for several invasive organisms, such as salmonella, shigella, yersinia and listeria. recent results using listeria highlight a role for the endocytosis mac ... | 2006 | 16962776 |
| plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinant qnrs in enterobacter cloacae. | pcr was used to investigate the occurrence of the plasmid-encoded quinolone resistance determinants qnra and qnrs among diarrhoeagenic enterobacterial isolates recovered from hanoi, vietnam, during the period march 2001 to april 2002. in total, 162 escherichia coli isolates, 28 shigella isolates and three enterobacter cloacae isolates were negative for qnra, while a single ent. cloacae isolate harboured a 50-kb qnrs-positive conjugative plasmid. cloning and sequencing identified a qnrs gene brac ... | 2006 | 16961640 |
| analysis on antimicrobial resistance of clinical bacteria isolated from county hospitals and a teaching hospital. | the distinction of antimicrobial resistance of clinical bacteria isolated from county hospitals and a teaching hospital was investigated. disc diffusion test was used to study the antimicrobial resistance of isolates collected from county hospitals and a teaching hospital. the data was analyzed by whonet5 and spss statistic software. a total of 655 strains and 1682 strains were collected from county hospitals and a teaching hospital, respectively, in the year of 2003. the top ten pathogens were ... | 2006 | 16961303 |
| visible-light-induced bactericidal activity of a nitrogen-doped titanium photocatalyst against human pathogens. | the antibacterial activity of photocatalytic titanium dioxide (tio(2)) substrates is induced primarily by uv light irradiation. recently, nitrogen- and carbon-doped tio(2) substrates were shown to exhibit photocatalytic activities under visible-light illumination. their antibacterial activity, however, remains to be quantified. in this study, we demonstrated that nitrogen-doped tio(2) substrates have superior visible-light-induced bactericidal activity against escherichia coli compared to pure t ... | 2006 | 16957236 |
| shigella as a foodborne pathogen and current methods for detection in food. | shigella, the causative agent of shigellosis or "bacillary dysentery," has been increasingly involved in foodborne outbreaks. according to the centers for disease control and prevention's emerging infections program, foodborne diseases active surveillance network (foodnet), shigella was the third most reported foodborne bacterial pathogen in 2002. foods are most commonly contaminated with shigella by an infected food handler who practices poor personal hygiene. shigella is acid resistant, salt t ... | 2006 | 16954064 |
| characterization of ferric and ferrous iron transport systems in vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae has multiple iron acquisition systems, including tonb-dependent transport of heme and of the catechol siderophore vibriobactin. strains defective in both of these systems grow well in laboratory media and in the infant mouse intestine, indicating the presence of additional iron acquisition systems. previously uncharacterized potential iron transport systems, including a homologue of the ferrous transporter feo and a periplasmic binding protein-dependent atp binding cassette (abc) ... | 2006 | 16952942 |
| high resolution structure of bipd: an invasion protein associated with the type iii secretion system of burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkoldheria pseudomallei is a gram-negative bacterium that possesses a protein secretion system similar to those found in salmonella and shigella. recent work has indicated that the protein encoded by the bipd gene of b. pseudomallei is an important secreted virulence factor. bipd is similar in sequence to ipad from shigella and sipd from salmonella and is therefore likely to be a translocator protein in the type-iii secretion system of b. pseudomallei. the crystal structure of bipd has been so ... | 2006 | 16950399 |
| expression, limited proteolysis and preliminary crystallographic analysis of ipad, a component of the shigella flexneri type iii secretion system. | ipad, the putative needle-tip protein of the shigella flexneri type iii secretion system, has been overexpressed and purified. crystals were grown of the native protein in space group p2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 55.9, b = 100.7, c = 112.0 a, and data were collected to 2.9 a resolution. analysis of the native patterson map revealed a peak at 50% of the origin on the harker section v = 0.5, suggesting twofold non-crystallographic symmetry parallel to the b crystallographic axis. a ... | 2006 | 16946465 |
| [ultrastructural changes in shigella flexneri cells during interaction with bacteriocinogenic lactobacillus acidophilus]. | results of electron-microscopic examination of shigella flexneri cells, subjected to influence the bacteriocin-producing lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria are presented. the response of shigellae to bacteriocinogenic lactobacilli was shown both on cellular and population levels. on population level the correlation of various morphological types of shigella cells with increase of involution, lysing and resting forms is revealed. at a cellular level the specific ultrastructural changes of shigell ... | 2006 | 16941871 |
| diarrhea etiology in a children's hospital emergency department: a prospective cohort study. | we evaluated the frequency of recovery of pathogens from children with diarrhea who presented to a pediatric emergency department and characterized the associated illnesses, to develop guidelines for performing a bacterial enteric culture. | 2006 | 16941358 |
| mobilizable incq-related plasmid carrying a new quinolone resistance gene, qnrs2, isolated from the bacterial community of a wastewater treatment plant. | plasmid-encoded quinolone resistance was previously reported for different bacteria isolated from patients not only in the united states and asia but also in europe. here we describe the isolation, by applying a new selection strategy, of the quinolone resistance plasmid pgnb2 from an activated sludge bacterial community of a wastewater treatment plant in germany. the hypersensitive escherichia coli strain kam3 carrying a mutation in the multidrug efflux system genes acrab was transformed with t ... | 2006 | 16940104 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of pk245, a 98-kilobase plasmid conferring quinolone resistance and extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase activity in a clinical klebsiella pneumoniae isolate. | a plasmid containing the qnrs quinolone resistance determinant and the gene encoding the shv-2 beta-lactamase has been discovered from a clinical klebsiella pneumoniae strain isolated in taiwan. the complete 98-kb sequence of this plasmid, designated pk245, was determined by using a whole-genome shotgun approach. transfer of pk245 conferred low-level resistance to fluoroquinolones in electroporant escherichia coli epi300. the sequence of the immediate region surrounding qnrs in pk245 is nearly i ... | 2006 | 16940067 |
| the use of comparative genomic hybridization to characterize genome dynamics and diversity among the serotypes of shigella. | compelling evidence indicates that shigella species, the etiologic agents of bacillary dysentery, as well as enteroinvasive escherichia coli, are derived from multiple origins of escherichia coli and form a single pathovar. to further understand the genome diversity and virulence evolution of shigella, comparative genomic hybridization microarray analysis was employed to compare the gene content of e. coli k-12 with those of 43 shigella strains from all lineages. | 2006 | 16939645 |
| modulation of phosphoinositide metabolism by pathogenic bacteria. | phosphoinositide metabolism plays a pivotal role in the regulation of receptor-mediated signal transduction, actin remodelling and membrane dynamics. phosphoinositides co-ordinate these processes by recruiting protein effectors to distinct cellular membranes in a time- and organelle-dependent manner. intracellular bacterial pathogens interfere with phosphoinositide metabolism to direct their entry into eukaryotic cells, form replication-permissive vacuoles, modulate apoptosis, or trigger fluid s ... | 2006 | 16939534 |
| effect of lactoferrin on enteroaggregative e. coli (eaec). | we previously demonstrated that lactoferrin inhibits adherence of enteropathogenic escherichia coli to hep-2 cells and decreases invasiveness of shigella flexneri in hela cells by disruption of the type iii secretory system (ttss) of both enteropathogens. to determine whether these effects were specific to the ttss, we assessed the activity of bovine lactoferrin on enteroaggregative e. coli (eaec), enteropathogens whose virulence is not ttss dependent. bovine lactoferrin at a concentration of 1. ... | 2006 | 16936809 |
| current status of anti-diarrheal and anti-secretory drugs in the management of acute childhood diarrhea. | each year 1.8 million children die due to diarrheal diseases. indiscriminate use of antibiotics has resulted in increasing resistance to commonly used antibiotics. moreover the recent outbreaks of shigella and cholera have revealed multi-drug resistance strains. there is a need for review of recommended antibiotics for shigellosis. from recent data it emerges that fluoroquinolones should be the first line of therapy and cephalosporins to be used as the second line. among the anti-cholera antibio ... | 2006 | 16936364 |
| shigella sonnei outbreak among japanese travelers returning from hawaii. | 2006 | 16936358 | |
| shigellosis in kobe city, japan, after school excursion to malaysia and singapore. | 2006 | 16936352 | |
| enterotoxigenic escherichia coli causing cholerogenic syndrome during an interepidemic period of cholera in north india. | a study was undertaken to look for heat-labile enterotoxin producing escherichia coli (lt-etec) in patients with acute watery diarrhea resembling cholera in chandigarh in north india. two periods were selected, an interepidemic (2001) and an epidemic (2002) period. heat-labile enterotoxin (lt) was detected using reverse passive latex agglutination test. lt-etec strains were serotyped and antimicrobial susceptibility was studied. lt-etec was detected in 16 of 21 stool samples during 2001. other o ... | 2006 | 16936343 |
| reciprocal transcriptional and posttranscriptional growth-phase-dependent expression of sfh, a gene that encodes a paralogue of the nucleoid-associated protein h-ns. | the inchi1 self-transmissible plasmid psf-r27 from shigella flexneri 2a strain 2457t harbors sfh, a gene that codes for a protein with strong amino acid sequence homology to the global transcription regulator and nucleoid-associated protein h-ns and to its paralogue, stpa. previously, we discovered that the expression of sfh mrna is growth phase dependent such that in cultures growing in lennox broth at 37 degrees c, the transcript is readily detectable in the early stages of exponential growth ... | 2006 | 16936022 |