Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| epidemiology and clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with pandemic influenza a (h1n1) 2009 infections: the effects of bacterial coinfection. | numerous reports have described the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of influenza a (h1n1) 2009 infected patients. however, data on the effects of bacterial coinfection on these patients are very scarce. therefore, this study explores the impact of bacterial coinfection on the clinical and laboratory parameters amongst h1n1 hospitalized patients. | 2011 | 22050645 |
| cumulative clinical experience from over a decade of use of levofloxacin in community-acquired pneumonia: critical appraisal and role in therapy. | levofloxacin is the synthetic l-isomer of the racemic fluoroquinolone, ofloxacin. it interferes with critical processes in the bacterial cell such as dna replication, transcription, repair, and recombination by inhibiting bacterial topoisomerases. levofloxacin has broad spectrum activity against several causative bacterial pathogens of community-acquired pneumonia (cap). oral levofloxacin is rapidly absorbed and is bioequivalent to the intravenous formulation such that patients can be convenient ... | 2011 | 22046107 |
| DISTRIBUTION AND SURFACTANT ASSOCIATION OF CARCINOEMBRYONIC CELL ADHESION MOLECULE 6 IN HUMAN LUNG. | Carcinoembryonic cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) is a glycosylated, GPI-anchored protein expressed in epithelial cells of various primate tissues. It binds gram-negative bacteria and is over-expressed in human cancers. CEACAM6 is associated with lamellar bodies of cultured type II cells of human fetal lung and protects surfactant function in vitro. In this study we characterized CEACAM6 expression in vivo in human lung. CEACAM6 was present in lung lavage of premature infants at birth and incr ... | 2011 | 22037359 |
| DISTRIBUTION AND SURFACTANT ASSOCIATION OF CARCINOEMBRYONIC CELL ADHESION MOLECULE 6 IN HUMAN LUNG. | Carcinoembryonic cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) is a glycosylated, GPI-anchored protein expressed in epithelial cells of various primate tissues. It binds gram-negative bacteria and is over-expressed in human cancers. CEACAM6 is associated with lamellar bodies of cultured type II cells of human fetal lung and protects surfactant function in vitro. In this study we characterized CEACAM6 expression in vivo in human lung. CEACAM6 was present in lung lavage of premature infants at birth and incr ... | 2011 | 22037359 |
| integrated analysis of three bacterial conjunctivitis trials of besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension, 0.6%: etiology of bacterial conjunctivitis and antibacterial susceptibility profile. | the purpose of this paper is to report on the bacterial species isolated from patients with bacterial conjunctivitis participating in three clinical trials of besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension, 0.6%, and their in vitro antibacterial susceptibility profiles. | 2011 | 22034556 |
| passive smoking and nasopharyngeal colonization by streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis in daycare children. | exposure to tobacco smoke may be associated with higher risk of nasopharyngeal colonization and infection by streptococcus pneumoniae (sp), haemophilus influenzae (hi), and moraxella catarrhalis (mc). this study was done to determine the influence of passive smoking on s. pneumoniae, h. influenzae, and m. catarrhalis colonization rates among children. this is a prospective cross-sectional study. tertiary referral centers with accredited otorhinolaryngology-head and neck surgery and microbiology ... | 2011 | 22033573 |
| Pharmacodynamic evaluation of commonly prescribed oral antibiotics against respiratory bacterial pathogens. | Upper and lower respiratory tract infections (RTIs) account for a substantial portion of outpatient antibiotic utilization. However, the pharmacodynamic activity of commonly used oral antibiotic regimens has not been studied against clinically relevant pathogens. The objective of this study was to assess the probability of achieving the requisite pharmacodynamic exposure for oral antibacterial regimens commonly prescribed for RTIs in adults against bacterial isolates frequently involved in these ... | 2011 | 22026724 |
| Alternative Spermidine Biosynthetic Route Is Critical for Growth of Campylobacter jejuni and Is the Dominant Polyamine Pathway in Human Gut Microbiota. | The availability of fully sequenced bacterial genomes has revealed that many species known to synthesize the polyamine spermidine lack the spermidine biosynthetic enzymes S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and spermidine synthase. We found that such species possess orthologues of the sym-norspermidine biosynthetic enzymes carboxynorspermidine dehydrogenase and carboxynorspermidine decarboxylase. By deleting these genes in the food-borne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni, we found that the carboxynor ... | 2011 | 22025614 |
| colistin-resistant, lipopolysaccharide-deficient acinetobacter baumannii responds to lipopolysaccharide loss through increased expression of genes involved in the synthesis and transport of lipoproteins, phospholipids, and poly-β-1,6-n-acetylglucosamine. | we recently demonstrated that colistin resistance in acinetobacter baumannii can result from mutational inactivation of genes essential for lipid a biosynthesis (moffatt jh, et al., antimicrob. agents chemother. 54:4971-4977). consequently, strains harboring these mutations are unable to produce the major gram-negative bacterial surface component, lipopolysaccharide (lps). to understand how a. baumannii compensates for the lack of lps, we compared the transcriptional profile of the a. baumannii ... | 2012 | 22024825 |
| nasopharyngeal bacterial colonization and gene polymorphisms of mannose-binding lectin and toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in infants. | human nasopharynx is often colonized by potentially pathogenic bacteria. gene polymorphisms in mannose-binding lectin (mbl), toll-like receptor (tlr) 2 and tlr4 have been reported. the present study aimed to investigate possible association between nasopharyngeal bacterial colonization and gene polymorphisms of mbl, tlr2 and tlr4 in healthy infants. | 2011 | 22022564 |
| clinical and epidemiological profile of patients with severe h1n1/09 pandemic influenza in australia and new zealand: an observational cohort study. | background pandemic influenza h1n1/09 emerged in april 2009 and spread widely in australia and new zealand. although an unprecedented number of cases required intensive care, comparative community-based studies with seasonal influenza strains have not shown any significant differences in clinical symptoms or severity. methods the authors performed active surveillance on confirmed influenza-related admissions and compared the clinical profile of patients with pandemic h1n1/09 influenza and patien ... | 2011 | 22021761 |
| multi-species bacterial biofilm and intracellular infection in otitis media. | bacteria which are metabolically active yet unable to be cultured and eradicated by antibiotic treatment are present in the middle ear effusion of children with chronic otitis media with effusion (come) and recurrent acute otitis media (raom). these observations are suggestive of biofilm presence or intracellular sequestration of bacteria and may play a role in om pathogenesis. the aim of this project is to provide evidence for the presence of otopathogenic bacteria intracellularly or within bio ... | 2011 | 22018357 |
| mobile genetic elements in moraxella catarrhalis. | moraxella catarrhalis is a gram-negative diplococcus that is a strict human pathogen, which for a long period of time was regarded as a simple commensal. research now shows that this organism is a pathogen its own right and is associated with both upper and lower respiratory tract infections. further, there appears to be a dichotomy in the pathogenic potential of m. catarrhalis with upper respiratory tract infections mainly occurring in children, and lower respiratory tract infections mainly occ ... | 2011 | 22016866 |
| Molecular identification of bacteria in tracheal aspirate fluid from mechanically ventilated preterm infants. | Despite strong evidence linking infections to the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), limitations of bacterial culture methods have precluded systematic studies of airway organisms relative to disease outcomes. Application of molecular bacterial identification strategies may provide new insight into the role of bacterial acquisition in the airways of preterm infants at risk for BPD. | 2011 | 22016793 |
| the role of oxyr and soxrs in oxidative stress survival in shigella flexneri. | shigella flexneri, a facultative intracellular pathogen, is exposed to a variety of environments inside and outside of the human host. some of these environments may contain significant oxidative stress. s. flexneri mutants were generated with deletions in the major oxidative stress regulators oxyr and/or soxrs to test their importance in shigella biology. strains that contained a deletion of oxyr had reduced growth and survival during aerobic growth, but not microaerobic growth. the mutants wer ... | 2011 | 22015257 |
| the role of oxyr and soxrs in oxidative stress survival in shigella flexneri. | shigella flexneri, a facultative intracellular pathogen, is exposed to a variety of environments inside and outside of the human host. some of these environments may contain significant oxidative stress. s. flexneri mutants were generated with deletions in the major oxidative stress regulators oxyr and/or soxrs to test their importance in shigella biology. strains that contained a deletion of oxyr had reduced growth and survival during aerobic growth, but not microaerobic growth. the mutants wer ... | 2011 | 22015257 |
| c4-alkylthiols with activity against moraxella catarrhalis and mycobacterium tuberculosis. | antimicrobial resistance represents a global threat to healthcare. the ability to adequately treat infectious diseases is increasingly under siege due to the emergence of drug-resistant microorganisms. new approaches to drug development are especially needed to target organisms that exhibit broad antibiotic resistance due to expression of β-lactamases which is the most common mechanism by which bacteria become resistant to β-lactam antibiotics. we designed and synthesized 20 novel monocyclic β-l ... | 2011 | 22014754 |
| haemophilus influenzae type b carriage among young children in metropolitan atlanta in the context of vaccine shortage and booster dose deferral. | short-term deferral of the haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) vaccine booster dose during a recent u.s. hib vaccine shortage did not result in widespread hib carriage in atlanta, as the hib carriage rate was found to be 0.3% (1/342). hib colonization was significantly more common among males and day care attendees. | 2011 | 22012977 |
| Long-term azithromycin therapy in patients with severe COPD and repeated exacerbations. | The aim of this study was to determine whether long-term intermittent azithromycin therapy reduces the frequency of exacerbation in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). | 2011 | 22003290 |
| an economical tandem multiplex real-time pcr technique for the detection of a comprehensive range of respiratory pathogens. | this study used real-time pcr assays to screen small sample volumes for a comprehensive range of 35 respiratory pathogens. initial thermocycling was limited to 20 cycles to avoid competition for reagents, followed by a secondary real-time multiplex pcr. supplementary semi-nested human metapneumovirus and picornavirus pcr assays were required to complete the acute respiratory pathogen profile. potential pathogens were detected in 85 (70%) of pernasal aspirates collected from 121 children with acu ... | 2009 | 21994537 |
| acute lung failure. | lung failure is the most common organ failure seen in the intensive care unit. the pathogenesis of acute respiratory failure (arf) can be classified as (1) neuromuscular in origin, (2) secondary to acute and chronic obstructive airway diseases, (3) alveolar processes such as cardiogenic and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema and pneumonia, and (4) vascular diseases such as acute or chronic pulmonary embolism. this article reviews the more common causes of arf from each group, including the pathologi ... | 2011 | 21989697 |
| Antibacterial spectrum and cytotoxic activities of serrulatane compounds from the Australian medicinal plant Eremophila neglecta. | Aims: To determine the antibacterial spectrum and cytotoxic activities of serrulatane compounds from the Australian plant Eremophila neglecta. Methods and Results: Antimicrobial activities of serrulatane compounds 8,19-dihydroxyserrulat-14-ene (1) and 8-hydroxyserrulat-14-en-19-oic acid (2) were tested against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria including human and veterinary pathogens and some multidrug-resistant isolates. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal ... | 2012 | 21988135 |
| high prevalence of sinusitis in children with henoch-schönlein purpura. | we evaluated the prevalence and the types of infectious foci in oral as well as ear, nose, and throat diseases, and we examined incidence of renal involvement with active treatment for focal infection in children with henoch-schönlein purpura. a total of 96 children who presented at aichi children's health and medical center and were diagnosed as having hsp were evaluated for infectious foci in the ear, nose, throat, and oral cavities. seventy-one of 96 children (74.0%) had some type of infectio ... | 2011 | 21977045 |
| Bacterial tracheitis: a varied entity. | The objective of the study was to highlight the different presentations of bacterial tracheitis (BT), a potential life-threatening cause of airway obstruction in children. | 2011 | 21975496 |
| in vitro antimicrobial studies of silver carbene complexes: activity of free and nanoparticle carbene formulations against clinical isolates of pathogenic bacteria. | silver carbenes may represent novel, broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents that have low toxicity while providing varying chemistry for targeted applications. here, the bactericidal activity of four silver carbene complexes (sccs) with different formulations, including nanoparticles (nps) and micelles, was tested against a panel of clinical strains of bacteria and fungi that are the causative agents of many skin and soft tissue, respiratory, wound, blood, and nosocomial infections. | 2012 | 21972270 |
| in vitro antimicrobial studies of silver carbene complexes: activity of free and nanoparticle carbene formulations against clinical isolates of pathogenic bacteria. | silver carbenes may represent novel, broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents that have low toxicity while providing varying chemistry for targeted applications. here, the bactericidal activity of four silver carbene complexes (sccs) with different formulations, including nanoparticles (nps) and micelles, was tested against a panel of clinical strains of bacteria and fungi that are the causative agents of many skin and soft tissue, respiratory, wound, blood, and nosocomial infections. | 2012 | 21972270 |
| nasopharynx as a microbiologic reservoir in chronic suppurative otitis media: preliminary study. | the present study was designed to identify the correlations of bacterial strains of the middle ear and the nasopharynx in chronic suppurative otitis media (csom) patients who were scheduled for operations. | 2011 | 21949577 |
| management of patients during and after exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the role of primary care physicians. | current treatments have failed to stem the continuing rise in health care resource use and fatalities associated with exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). reduction of severity and prevention of new exacerbations are therefore important in disease management, especially for patients with frequent exacerbations. acute exacerbation treatment includes short-acting bronchodilators, systemic corticosteroids, and antibiotics if bacterial infections are present. oxygen and/or ... | 2011 | 21941453 |
| serratia pneumonia presenting as hemoptysis in a patient with sarcoidosis: a case report. | serratia marcescens is a gram-negative bacillus which belongs to the family enterobacteriaceae. it is a facultative anaerobe and produces red pigment at room temperature. it naturally occurs in soil and water as well as the intestines, and it is responsible for nosocomial infections. there have been few reports about community acquired pneumonia of serratia. | 2011 | 21941452 |
| novel multitarget real-time pcr assay for rapid detection of bordetella species in clinical specimens. | a novel multitarget real-time pcr (rt-pcr) assay for the rapid identification of bordetella pertussis, b. parapertussis, and b. holmesii was developed using multicopy insertion sequences (iss) in combination with the pertussis toxin subunit s1 (ptxs1) singleplex assay. the rt-pcr targets for the multiplex assay include is481, commonly found in b. pertussis and b. holmesii; is1001 of b. parapertussis; and the is1001-like sequence of b. holmesii. overall, 402 bordetella species and 66 non-bordetel ... | 2011 | 21940464 |
| Potential role of chitinases and chitin-binding proteins in host-microbial interactions during the development of intestinal inflammation. | The small and large intestines contain an abundance of luminal antigens derived from food products and enteric microorganisms. The function of intestinal epithelial cells is tightly regulated by several factors produced by enteric bacteria and the epithelial cells themselves. Epithelial cells actively participate in regulating the homeostasis of intestine, and failure of this function leads to abnormal and host-microbial interactions resulting in the development of intestinal inflammation. Major ... | 2011 | 21938682 |
| pre-hospital intubation factors and pneumonia in trauma patients. | we reported similar rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) previously in trauma patients intubated either in a pre-hospital (ph) venue or the emergency department. a subset of ph intubations with continuous quality assessment was re-examined to identify the intubation factors associated with vap. | 2011 | 21933010 |
| influenza virus induces bacterial and nonbacterial otitis media. | otitis media (om) is one of the most common childhood diseases. om can arise when a viral infection enables bacteria to disseminate from the nasopharynx to the middle ear. here, we provide the first infant murine model for disease. mice coinfected with streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza virus had high bacterial load in the middle ear, middle ear inflammation, and hearing loss. in contrast, mice colonized with s. pneumoniae alone had significantly less bacteria in the ear, minimal hearing los ... | 2011 | 21930608 |
| RbsB (NTHI_0632) mediates quorum signal uptake in nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae strain 86-028NP. | Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) is a respiratory commensal and opportunistic pathogen, which persists within biofilms on airway mucosal surfaces. For many species, biofilm formation is impacted by quorum signalling. Our prior work shows that production of autoinducer-2 (AI-2) promotes biofilm development and persistence for NTHI 86-028NP. NTHI 86-028NP encodes an ABC transporter annotated as a ribose transport system that includes a protein (RbsB) with similarity to the Escherichia col ... | 2011 | 21923771 |
| high detection rates of nucleic acids of a wide range of respiratory viruses in the nasopharynx and the middle ear of children with a history of recurrent acute otitis media. | both bacteria and viruses play a role in the development of acute otitis media, however, the importance of specific viruses is unclear. in this study molecular methods were used to determine the presence of nucleic acids of human rhinoviruses (hrv; types a, b, and c), respiratory syncytial viruses (rsv; types a and b), bocavirus (hbov), adenovirus, enterovirus, coronaviruses (229e, hku1, nl63, and oc43), influenza viruses (types a, b, and c), parainfluenza viruses (types 1, 2, 3, 4a, and 4b), hu ... | 2011 | 21915878 |
| community-acquired polymicrobial pneumonia in the intensive care unit: aetiology and prognosis. | abstract: introduction: the frequency and clinical significance of polymicrobial aetiology in community-acquired pneumonia (cap) patients admitted to the icu have been poorly studied. the aim of the present study was to describe the prevalence, clinical characteristics and outcomes of severe cap of polymicrobial aetiology in patients admitted to the icu. methods: the prospective observational study included 362 consecutive adult patients with cap admitted to the icu within 24 hours of presentat ... | 2011 | 21914220 |
| Studies on the antibacterial effects of statins--in vitro and in vivo. | Statin treatment has been associated with a beneficial outcome on respiratory tract infections. In addition, previous in vitro and in vivo experiments have indicated favorable effects of statins in bacterial infections. | 2011 | 21912631 |
| bacteremic complications of intravascular catheter tip colonization with gram-negative micro-organisms in patients without preceding bacteremia. | although gram-negative micro-organisms are frequently associated with catheter-related bloodstream infections, the prognostic value and clinical implication of a positive catheter tip culture with gram-negative micro-organisms without preceding bacteremia remains unclear. we determined the outcomes of patients with intravascular catheters colonized with these micro-organisms, without preceding positive blood cultures, and identified risk factors for the development of subsequent gram-negative ba ... | 2011 | 21909649 |
| bacteremic complications of intravascular catheter tip colonization with gram-negative micro-organisms in patients without preceding bacteremia. | although gram-negative micro-organisms are frequently associated with catheter-related bloodstream infections, the prognostic value and clinical implication of a positive catheter tip culture with gram-negative micro-organisms without preceding bacteremia remains unclear. we determined the outcomes of patients with intravascular catheters colonized with these micro-organisms, without preceding positive blood cultures, and identified risk factors for the development of subsequent gram-negative ba ... | 2011 | 21909649 |
| Prediction of the pathogens that are the cause of pneumonia by the battlefield hypothesis. | Commensal organisms are frequent causes of pneumonia. However, the detection of these organisms in the airway does not mean that they are the causative pathogens; they may exist merely as colonizers. In up to 50% cases of pneumonia, the causative pathogens remain unidentified, thereby hampering targeting therapies. In speculating on the role of a commensal organism in pneumonia, we devised the battlefield hypothesis. In the "pneumonia battlefield," the organism-to-human cell number ratio may be ... | 2011 | 21909436 |
| Biofilm formation in Streptococcus pneumoniae. | Biofilm-grown bacteria are refractory to antimicrobial agents and show an increased capacity to evade the host immune system. In recent years, studies have begun on biofilm formation by Streptococcus pneumoniae, an important human pathogen, using a variety of in vitro model systems. The bacterial cells in these biofilms are held together by an extracellular matrix composed of DNA, proteins and, possibly, polysaccharide(s). Although neither the precise nature of these proteins nor the composition ... | 2011 | 21906265 |
| Innate immunity and the role of defensins in otitis media. | Otitis media is the most common pediatric disease in developed countries and a significant cause of morbidity and hearing loss in developing countries. The innate immune system is essential to protecting the middle ear from infection. Defensins, broad-spectrum cationic antimicrobial peptides, have been implicated in prevention of and the early response to acute otitis media; however, the mechanisms by which defensins and other antimicrobial molecules mediate this protection have not been complet ... | 2011 | 21901304 |
| viral-bacterial interactions and risk of acute otitis media complicating upper respiratory tract infection. | acute otitis media (aom) is a common complication of upper respiratory tract infection whose pathogenesis involves both viruses and bacteria. we examined risks of acute otitis media associated with specific combinations of respiratory viruses and acute otitis media bacterial pathogens. data were from a prospective study of children ages 6 to 36 months and included viral and bacterial culture and quantitative pcr for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), human bocavirus, and human metapneumovirus. r ... | 2011 | 21900518 |
| haemophilus influenzae infections in the h. influenzae type b conjugate vaccine era. | the widespread use of haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) conjugate vaccines has nearly eradicated invasive hib disease where the vaccines are used. this success was accompanied by a shift in capsular serotypes of invasive h. influenzae disease, with nontypeable strains replacing type b strains as the most common bloodstream isolate, but there is no convincing evidence of a true increase in the incidence of non-serotype b invasive infections. h. influenzae causes predominantly mucosal infections ... | 2011 | 21900515 |
| antimicrobial actions of reactive oxygen species. | reactive oxygen species (ros) are produced by host phagocytes and exert antimicrobial actions against a broad range of pathogens. the observable antimicrobial actions of ros are highly dependent on experimental conditions. this perspective reviews recent controversies regarding ros in salmonella-phagocyte interactions and attempts to reconcile conflicting observations from different laboratories. | 2011 | 21896680 |
| Effect of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal carriage with Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis in a randomized controlled trial. | Seven-valent CRM197-conjugated pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7(CRM197)) reduces both vaccine serotype nasopharyngeal colonization and vaccine serotype acute otitis media by 50-60%. However, overall pneumococcal carriage and impact on otitis media are partly offset by concomitant increase of nonvaccine serotypes. We investigated in a randomized controlled trial the impact of 2-doses and 2+1-doses of PCV7(CRM197) on carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae and of other nasopharyngeal commensals a ... | 2011 | 21893151 |
| Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Alloiococcus otitidis in young children in the era of pneumococcal immunization, Taiwan. | We applied a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and culture to detect Streptococcus pneumoniae and detected 3 other respiratory pathogens--Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Alloiococcus otitidis--simultaneously by PCR, in the nasopharynx of 386 children aged under 5 y. S. pneumoniae was the most common pathogen carried by children in all age groups, with the rate ranging from 15.8% in children aged 3-4 y to 28.6% in children aged 2-3 y. H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis sh ... | 2011 | 21892897 |
| Effect of nasal mometasone furoate on the nasal and nasopharyngeal flora. | OBJECTIVE: Mometasone furoate (MF) is one of the commonly used topical steroids, particularly for patients with allergic rhinitis. However, its effect on the colonization of bacteria that may cause superinfections by suppressing the local immunity is not known. Thus, we investigated the effect of MF use on the nasal and nasopharyngeal microbial flora. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Swab samples were taken from 35 patients who required MF monotherapy, just before and after one month of the treatment. Sam ... | 2011 | 21889281 |
| Rapid PCR detection of group A streptococcus from flocked throat swabs: a retrospective clinical study. | Rapid diagnosis of GAS pharyngitis may improve patient care by ensuring that patients with GAS pharyngitis are treated quickly and also avoiding unnecessary use of antibiotics in those without GAS infection. Very few molecular methods for detection of GAS in clinical throat swab specimens have been described. | 2011 | 21888649 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae exposure is associated with human metapneumovirus seroconversion and increased susceptibility to in vitro HMPV infection. | It remains largely unknown which factors determine the clinical outcome of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) infections. The aim of the present study was to analyse whether exposure to bacterial pathogens can influence HMPV infections. From 57 children, serum samples and colonization data for Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae were collected at 1.5, 6, 14 and 24 months of age. Seroconversion rates to HMPV were determined and related to ba ... | 2011 | 21883660 |
| changes in serogroup and genotype prevalence among carried meningococci in the united kingdom during vaccine implementation. | herd immunity is important in the effectiveness of conjugate polysaccharide vaccines against encapsulated bacteria. a large multicenter study investigated the effect of meningococcal serogroup c conjugate vaccine introduction on the meningococcal population. | 2011 | 21881120 |
| evaluation of luminex xtag fungal analyte-specific reagents for rapid identification of clinically relevant fungi. | invasive fungal infections (ifi) remain a serious threat to immunocompromised hosts. current diagnostic methods, including fungal culture and antigen detection, are slow and often lack specificity. rapid diagnostic tools with increased sensitivity and specificity could improve the care of patients with ifi. recently, luminex molecular diagnostics (toronto, canada) developed 23 analyte-specific reagents (asrs) for the detection of the most common clinically relevant fungi. this study's objective ... | 2011 | 21880976 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial pathogens associated with community-acquired respiratory tract infections in asia: report from the community-acquired respiratory tract infection pathogen surveillance (cartips) study, 2009-2010. | a multicentre resistance surveillance study [community-acquired respiratory tract infection pathogen surveillance (cartips)] investigating the susceptibilities of 2963 clinical isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, klebsiella pneumoniae, meticillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus (mssa) and streptococcus spp. from asia against 12 antimicrobial agents was undertaken from 2009 to 2010. based on the breakpoints for oral penicillin v recommended by th ... | 2011 | 21880469 |
| Ventilator-associated pneumonia in children after cardiac surgery in The Netherlands. | We conducted a retrospective cohort study in an academic tertiary care center to characterize ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in pediatric patients after cardiac surgery in The Netherlands. | 2011 | 21877210 |
| correlation of in situ mechanosensitive responses of the moraxella catarrhalis adhesin uspa1 with fibronectin and receptor ceacam1 binding. | bacterial cell surfaces are commonly decorated with a layer formed from multiple copies of adhesin proteins whose binding interactions initiate colonization and infection processes. in this study, we investigate the physical deformability of the uspa1 adhesin protein from moraxella catarrhalis, a causative agent of middle-ear infections in humans. uspa1 binds a range of extracellular proteins including fibronectin, and the epithelial cellular receptor carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesi ... | 2011 | 21876142 |
| elicitation of epithelial cell-derived immune effectors by outer membrane vesicles of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae. | outer membrane vesicles (omvs) are produced by all gram-negative microorganisms studied to date. the contributions of omvs to biological processes are diverse and include mediation of bacterial stress responses, selective packaging and secretion of virulence determinants, modulation of the host immune response, and contributions to biofilm formation and stability. first characterized as transformasomes in haemophilus, these membranous blebs facilitate transfer of dna among bacteria. nontypeable ... | 2011 | 21875967 |
| Frequency of Alloicoccus otitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenzae in children with otitis media with effusion (OME) in Iranian patients. | OBJECTIVE: To determine the presence of common bacterial agents of otitis media with effusion (OME), together with investigation these agent in the adenoid tissue and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolated bacteria in Iranian children with OME. METHODS: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and bacterial culture methods were used for detection and isolation of Alloicoccus otitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenzae in 63 middle ear fluid samples and 4 ... | 2011 | 21868180 |
| Protracted bacterial bronchitis in young children: association with airway malacia. | To examine associated findings and clinical outcome in young children with prolonged cough, wheeze, and/or noisy breathing in whom high colony counts of potentially pathogenic bacteria were cultured from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) during diagnostic flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy. | 2012 | 21868031 |
| azithromycin for prevention of exacerbations of copd. | acute exacerbations adversely affect patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). macrolide antibiotics benefit patients with a variety of inflammatory airway diseases. | 2011 | 21864166 |
| new target for inhibition of bacterial rna polymerase: 'switch region'. | a new drug target - the 'switch region' - has been identified within bacterial rna polymerase (rnap), the enzyme that mediates bacterial rna synthesis. the new target serves as the binding site for compounds that inhibit bacterial rna synthesis and kill bacteria. since the new target is present in most bacterial species, compounds that bind to the new target are active against a broad spectrum of bacterial species. since the new target is different from targets of other antibacterial agents, com ... | 2011 | 21862392 |
| risk factors of postoperative pneumonia after lung cancer surgery. | the purpose of this study was to investigate risk factors of postoperative pneumonia (pop) after lung cancer surgery. the 417 lung cancer patients who underwent surgical resection in a tertiary referral hospital were included. clinical, radiological and laboratory data were reviewed retrospectively. male and female ratio was 267:150 (median age, 65 yr). the incidence of pop was 6.2% (26 of 417) and in-hospital mortality was 27% among those patients. by univariate analysis, age ≥ 70 yr (p < 0.001 ... | 2011 | 21860545 |
| SadA, a trimeric autotransporter from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, can promote biofilm formation and provides limited protection against infection. | Salmonella enterica is a major cause of morbidity worldwide and mortality in children and immunocompromised individuals in sub-Saharan Africa. Outer membrane proteins of Salmonella are of significance because they are at the interface between the pathogen and the host, they can contribute to adherence, colonization, and virulence, and they are frequently targets of antibody-mediated immunity. In this study, the properties of SadA, a purported trimeric autotransporter adhesin of Salmonella enteri ... | 2011 | 21859856 |
| Viruses and bacteria in sputum samples of children with community-acquired pneumonia. | Clin Microbiol Infect ABSTRACT: Few comprehensive studies have searched for viruses and bacteria in children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We identified 76 children hospitalized for pneumonia. Induced sputum samples were analysed for 18 viruses by antigen detection and PCR, and for six bacteria by culture and PCR. Viruses were found in 72% of samples, bacteria in 91%, and both in 66%. Rhinovirus (30%), human bocavirus (18%) and human metapneumovirus (14%) were the most commonly detect ... | 2011 | 21851481 |
| performance of xpert mtb/rif ruo assay and is6110 real-time pcr for mycobacterium tuberculosis detection in clinical samples. | the cepheid xpert mtb/rif research-use-only (ruo) assay and a laboratory-developed test (ldt) targeting is6110 were evaluated and compared to mycobacterial culture as the gold standard. the performance characteristics of both molecular assays were determined by using 112 specimens from 90 patients, including 89 pulmonary specimens and 23 extrapulmonary specimens. of the specimens tested, 37 (33%) were culture positive for the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex; 29 were pulmonary, and 8 were extr ... | 2011 | 21849695 |
| efficacy and safety of moxifloxacin for community-acquired bacterial pneumonia based on pharmacokinetic analysis. | moxifloxacin is a respiratory quinolone that is expected to be useful for treating community-acquired bacterial pneumonia, but few clinical studies and not a detailed evaluation of its pharmacokinetics have been conducted in japan in patients with pneumonia. we assessed the efficacy and safety of moxifloxacin in 18 patients with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia using pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis. there was significant improvement in body temperature, white blood cell count, c-r ... | 2011 | 21847518 |
| a naturally occurring single residue mutation in the translocator domain of neisseria meningitidis nhha affects trimerization, surface localization and adhesive capabilities. | neisseria meningitidis nhha (neisseria hia/hsf homologue a) is an oligomeric outer membrane protein, belonging to the family of trimeric autotransporter adhesins. nhha mediates the interaction of n. meningitidis with human epithelial cells and components of the extracellular matrix. the recombinant protein is able to induce bactericidal antibodies and hence has also been considered as a potential vaccine candidate. in this study, we analyzed the production of nhha in a large panel of n. meningit ... | 2011 | 21844231 |
| Murine Model of Chronic Respiratory Inflammation. | The respiratory mucosa is exposed to the external environment each time we breathe and therefore requires a robust and sophisticated immune defense system. As with other mucosal sites, the respiratory mucosal immune system must balance its response to pathogens while also regulating inflammatory immune cell-mediated tissue damage. In the airways, a failure to tightly control immune responses to a pathogen can result in chronic inflammation and tissue destruction with an overzealous response bein ... | 2012 | 21842370 |
| physiologic cold shock of moraxella catarrhalis affects the expression of genes involved in the iron acquisition, serum resistance and immune evasion. | abstract: | 2011 | 21838871 |
| recombination and population structure in salmonella enterica. | salmonella enterica is a bacterial pathogen that causes enteric fever and gastroenteritis in humans and animals. although its population structure was long described as clonal, based on high linkage disequilibrium between loci typed by enzyme electrophoresis, recent examination of gene sequences has revealed that recombination plays an important evolutionary role. we sequenced around 10% of the core genome of 114 isolates of enterica using a resequencing microarray. application of two different ... | 2011 | 21829375 |
| the mut056399 inhibitor of fabi is a new antistaphylococcal compound. | mut056399 is a highly potent new inhibitor of the fabi enzyme of both s. aureus and e. coli. in vitro, mut056399 was very active against s. aureus strains including mssa, mrsa, linezolid-resistant and multi-drug-resistant strains, with mic(90) between 0.03 and 0.12 ++g/ml. mut056399 was also active against coagulase negative staphylococci, with mic(90) between 0.12 and 4 ++g/ml. the antibacterial spectrum is consistent with specific fabi inhibition with no activity against bacteria using fabk bu ... | 2011 | 21825292 |
| the luxs-dependent quorum sensing system regulates early biofilm formation by streptococcus pneumoniae strain d39. | streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of mortality in children worldwide and form highly organized biofilms in the nasopharynx, lungs and middle ear mucosa. the luxs-controlled quorum sensing (qs) system has recently been implicated in virulence and persistence in the nasopharynx, but its role in biofilms had not been studied. here, we show that this qs system plays a major role in controlling s. pneumoniae biofilm formation. our results demonstrate that the luxs gene is encoded by invas ... | 2011 | 21825061 |
| characterization of specific antibody deficiency in adults with medically refractory chronic rhinosinusitis. | specific antibody deficiency may predispose patients to recurrent respiratory tract infections. there is limited literature assessing specific antibody deficiency in chronic rhinosinusitis (crs). this study evaluated the role of specific antibody deficiency in patients with crs who have failed medical therapy. | 2011 | 21819760 |
| urine antibiotic activity in patients presenting to hospitals in laos: implications for worsening antibiotic resistance. | abstract. widespread use of antibiotics may be important in the spread of antimicrobial resistance. we estimated the proportion of lao in- and outpatients who had taken antibiotics before medical consultation by detecting antibiotic activity in their urine added to lawns of bacillus stearothermophilus, escherichia coli, and streptococcus pyogenes. in the retrospective (n = 2,058) and prospective studies (n = 1,153), 49.7% (95% confidence interval [ci] = 47.4-52.0) and 36.2% (95% ci = 33.4-38.9), ... | 2011 | 21813851 |
| evaluation of six commercial nucleic acid amplification tests for the detection of neisseria gonorrhoeae and other neisseria species. | molecular detection of neisseria gonorrhoeae in extragenital samples may result in false positive results due to cross reaction with commensal neisseria species or neisseria meningitidis. this study examined 450 characterised clinical culture isolates, comprising 216 n. gonorrhoeae and 234 neisseria species (n=218) and other closely related bacteria (n=16), with six commercial nucleic acid amplification tests (naats) including gen-probe aptima combo 2 and aptima gc; roche cobas amplicor ct/ng an ... | 2011 | 21813721 |
| optimal dose finding of garenoxacin based on population pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics and monte carlo simulation. | garenoxacin, a novel des-f(6)-quinolone, possesses potent antibacterial activity against infectious pathogens in the respiratory tract. population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (pk/pd) modeling and monte carlo simulations were used to optimize garenoxacin dosage regimens. | 2011 | 21796376 |
| optimal dose finding of garenoxacin based on population pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics and monte carlo simulation. | garenoxacin, a novel des-f(6)-quinolone, possesses potent antibacterial activity against infectious pathogens in the respiratory tract. population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (pk/pd) modeling and monte carlo simulations were used to optimize garenoxacin dosage regimens. | 2011 | 21796376 |
| ceftaroline: a new cephalosporin with activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa). | microbial resistance has reached alarming levels, threatening to outpace the ability to counter with more potent antimicrobial agents. in particular, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) has become a leading cause of skin and soft-tissue infections and pvl-positive strains have been associated with necrotizing pneumonia. increasing reports of growing resistance to glycopeptides have been noted, further limiting the efficacy of standard antibiotics, such as vancomycin. ceftaroline i ... | 2011 | 21785568 |
| higher rate of bronchoalveolar lavage culture positivity in children with nonacid reflux and respiratory disorders. | the aim of the study was to determine if children with chronic cough or wheezing and with more full-column, nonacid reflux have a higher likelihood of a positive bronchoalveolar lavage fluid culture. in a prospective study of 46 children with cough who were undergoing endoscopy, multichannel intraluminal impedance testing, and bronchoscopy, we found that patients who had a positive culture had significantly more full-column, nonacid gastroesophageal reflux than those who had a negative culture. | 2011 | 21777922 |
| retrospective and prospective verification of the cepheid xpert flu assay. | we performed a retrospective (n=121) and prospective (n=305) verification of the cepheid xpert flu assay to determine its performance characteristics. the overall sensitivity and specificity were 93% and 100%, respectively. nasopharyngeal specimen sensitivities were 100% for seasonal influenza a/h1 and influenza a/h3, 90% for influenza a/2009/h1n1, and 95% for influenza b. | 2011 | 21775544 |
| effects of a tumor necrosis factor-a antagonist on experimentally induced rhinosinusitis. | this prospective, randomized, and controlled study examined the effects of tumor necrosis factor soluble receptor type i (stnfri, a tnf-a antagonist) on experimentally induced rhinosinusitis in rats. the experimental groups received an instillation of lipopolysaccharide (lps) plus an intramuscular injection of amoxicillin/clavulanate (antibiotic group), an instillation of stnfri (stnfri group), an instillation of stnfri and an injection of amoxicillin/clavulanate (stnfri/antibiotic group), or no ... | 2011 | 21772791 |
| rapid concentration and molecular enrichment approach for sensitive detection of escherichia coli/shigella in potable water samples. | in this work, we used a rapid, simple, and efficient concentration and recovery procedure combined with a dna enrichment method (dubbed crename), that we coupled to an escherichia coli/shigella-specific real-time pcr (rtpcr) assay targeting the tuf gene, to sensitively detect e. coli/shigella in water. this integrated method was compared to the usepa culture-based method 1604 on mi agar in terms of analytical specificity, ubiquity, detection limit, and rapidity. none of the 179 non-e. coli/shige ... | 2011 | 21764965 |
| horizontal gene transfer/assortative recombination within the acinetobacter baumannii clinical population provides genetic diversity at the single caro gene encoding a major outer membrane protein channel. | we described previously the presence in acinetobacter baumannii of a novel outer membrane (om) protein, caro, which functions as an l-ornithine om channel and whose loss was concomitant with increased carbapenem resistance among clonally related nosocomial isolates of this opportunistic pathogen. here, we describe the existence of extensive genetic diversity at the caro gene within the a. baumannii clinical population. the systematic analysis of caro sequences from a. baumannii isolates obtained ... | 2011 | 21764928 |
| a novel study design for antibiotic trials in acute exacerbations of copd: maestral methodology. | antibiotics, along with oral corticosteroids, are standard treatments for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aecopd). the ultimate aims of treatment are to minimize the impact of the current exacerbation, and by ensuring complete resolution, reduce the risk of relapse. in the absence of superiority studies of antibiotics in aecopd, evidence of the relative efficacy of different drugs is lacking, and so it is difficult for physicians to select the most effective antibio ... | 2011 | 21760724 |
| update and critical appraisal of the use of topical azithromycin ophthalmic 1% (azasite) solution in the treatment of ocular infections. | azithromycin is an azalide that acts by binding to the 50s ribosomal subunit of susceptible microorganisms and interfering with microbial protein synthesis. azithromycin is also noted by anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity. azasite(®) (inspire pharmaceuticals, inc, durham, nc) is azithromycin ophthalmic solution, 1% formulated in polycarbophil (the aqueous mucoadhesive polymer contained in durasite(®)) that delivers high and prolonged azithromycin concentrations in a variety of ocula ... | 2011 | 21750614 |
| frontline chemoimmunotherapy with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, alemtuzumab, and rituximab (cfar) for high-risk chronic lymphocytic leukemia. | frontline chemoimmunotherapy with fludarabine (f), cyclophosphamide (c) and rituximab (r) is associated with superior overall survival (os) for patients (pts) with cll. alemtuzumab (a) was added to fcr (cfar) in a phase ii trial for high-risk untreated pts <70 years with serum ß-2 microglobulin (ß2m) =4 mg/l. sixty pts were enrolled; median age was 59 yrs (range, 42-69); 75% were male; median ß2m was 5.1 mg/l (range, 4-11.6); and 51% were rai iii-iv. complete remission (cr) was achieved in 70%, ... | 2011 | 21750315 |
| methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-susceptible s. aureus pneumonia: comparison of clinical and thin-section ct findings. | objectives: the purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and thin-section ct findings in patients with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and methicillin-susceptible s. aureus (mssa). methods: we retrospectively identified 201 patients with acute mrsa pneumonia and 164 patients with acute mssa pneumonia who had undergone chest thin-section ct examinations between january 2004 and march 2009. patients with concurrent infectious disease were excluded from our study. conseq ... | 2011 | 21750126 |
| molecular investigations of pena-mediated ß-lactam resistance in burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the etiological agent of melioidosis. because of the bacterium's intrinsic resistance and propensity to establish latent infections, melioidosis therapy is complicated and prolonged. newer generation ß-lactams, specifically ceftazidime, are used for acute phase therapy, but resistance to this cephalosporin has been observed. the chromosomally encoded pena gene encodes a putative twin arginine translocase (tat)-secreted ß-lactamase, and pena mutations have been implic ... | 2011 | 21747814 |
| Viability of respiratory pathogens cultured from nasopharyngeal swabs stored for up to 12 years at -70-¦C in skim milk tryptone glucose glycerol broth. | Nasopharyngeal carriage studies are needed to monitor changes in important bacterial pathogens in response to vaccination and antibiotics. The ability to store original specimens frozen in skim milk tryptone glucose glycerol broth (STGGB) allows additional studies to be conducted without the need for further expensive field collection. Although sub-cultured isolates remain viable in this medium for many years, limited data are available to indicate viability of relatively low numbers of organism ... | 2011 | 21736904 |
| infectious diseases in patients with irak-4, myd88, nemo, or i+¦b+¦ deficiency. | autosomal recessive irak-4 and myd88 deficiencies predispose affected patients to recurrent invasive pyogenic bacterial infection. both defects result in the selective impairment of cellular responses to toll-like receptors (tlrs) other than tlr3 and of cellular responses to most interleukin-1 receptors (il-1rs), including il-1r, il-18r, and il-33r. hypomorphic mutations in the x-linked nemo gene and hypermorphic mutations in the autosomal ikba gene cause x-linked recessive and autosomal dominan ... | 2011 | 21734245 |
| a clinical pathway for community-acquired pneumonia: an observational cohort study. | six hospitals instituted a voluntary, system-wide, pathway for community acquired pneumonia (cap). we proposed this study to determine the impact of pathway antibiotics on patient survival, hospital length of stay (los), and total hospital cost. | 2011 | 21733161 |
| acute otitis media in children. | what is the best treatment for acute otitis media in children? | 2011 | 21731893 |
| incorporation of real-time pcr into routine public health surveillance of culture negative bacterial meningitis in s+úo paulo, brazil. | real-time (rt)-pcr increases diagnostic yield for bacterial meningitis and is ideal for incorporation into routine surveillance in a developing country. we validated a multiplex rt-pcr assay for streptococcus pneumoniae, neisseria meningitidis, and haemophilus influenzae in brazil. risk factors for being culture-negative, rt-pcr positive were determined. the sensitivity of rt-pcr in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) was 100% (95% confidence limits, 96.0%-100%) for n. meningitidis, 97.8% (85.5%-99.9%) fo ... | 2011 | 21731621 |
| elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia: optimal treatment strategies. | community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is a common infectious disease that still causes substantial morbidity and mortality. elderly people are frequently affected, and several issues related to care of this condition in the elderly have to be considered. this article reviews current recommendations of guidelines with a special focus on aspects of the care of elderly patients with cap. the most common pathogen in cap is still streptococcus pneumoniae, followed by other pathogens such as haemophilus ... | 2011 | 21721597 |
| bacterial conjunctivitis. | most cases of conjunctivitis in adults are probably due to viral infection, but children are more likely to develop bacterial conjunctivitis than they are viral forms. the main bacterial pathogens are haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae in adults and children, and moraxella catarrhalis in children. contact lens wearers may be more likely to develop gram-negative infections. bacterial keratitis occurs in up to 30 per 100,000 contact lens wearers. methods and outcomes: we conducted ... | 2010 | 21718563 |
| a randomized, double-blinded, open label study of the efficacy and safety of cefcapene pivoxil and amoxicillin·clavulanate in acute presumed bacterial rhinosinusitis. | currently established first line therapy of acute (presumed bacterial) rhinosinusitis (ars) consists of 10 to 14 days of oral amoxicillin or cephalosporins. this study compared the clinical efficacy and tolerance of cefcapene pivoxil (cp) and amoxicillin-clavulanate (amc) in patients with ars. | 2011 | 21716955 |
| [Fusobacterium necrophorum--cause of a mastoiditis with skull- and mandibular joint osteomyelitis]. | The typical clinical manifestation of an infection with the obligate anaerobic, gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria Fusobacterium necrophorum is the Lemierre syndrome. As the cause of osteomyelitis and mastoiditis factors of the normal bacteria flora are more likely to be found than Fusobacterium necrophorum. Nevertheless, Necrobacillosis is an important differential diagnosis of complicated courses of mastoiditis. | 2011 | 21713715 |
| bronchitis (acute). | acute bronchitis affects over 40/1000 adults a year in the uk. the causes are usually considered to be infective, but only around half of people have identifiable pathogens. the role of smoking or of environmental tobacco smoke inhalation in predisposing to acute bronchitis is unclear. one third of people may have longer-term symptoms or recurrence. methods and outcomes: we conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: what are the effects of treatments for a ... | 2011 | 21711957 |
| Bacterial infection profiles in lung cancer patients with febrile neutropenia. | ABSTRACT: | 2011 | 21707992 |
| toxin on a stick: modular cdi toxin delivery systems play roles in bacterial competition. | contact-dependent growth inhibition (cdi) is the first contact-dependent competition system identified in bacteria. cdi is mediated by the cdia/cdib two-partner secretion system, and the bama outer membrane protein serves as the cdi receptor on target cells. a small immunity protein, cdii, is required to protect inhibitor cells from their own cdi system. recent results from our group show that cdi systems are present in a number of important gram-negative plant and animal pathogens. the c-termin ... | 2011 | 21705856 |
| temporal development of the humoral immune response to surface antigens of moraxella catarrhalis in young infants. | the primary moraxella catarrhalis-specific humoral immune response, and its association with nasopharyngeal colonization, was studied in a cohort of infants from birth to 2 years of age. results indicated that the levels of antigen-specific igg, iga and igm showed extensive inter-individual variability over time, with igm and iga levels to all 9 recombinant domains, from 7 different omps, being relatively low throughout the study period. in contrast, the level of antigen-specific igg was signifi ... | 2011 | 21704103 |