Publications

improvement of bacterial clearance and relief of clinical signs of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection in pigs through upregulation of th 1-specific responses by administration of a combination of two silicate minerals, biotite and bentonite.	biotite and bentonite are phyllosilicate minerals that were originally used in industrial applications. several beneficial activities of them have recently been reported, especially regulation of the immune system and antimicrobial effects. therefore, we investigated the immune-enhancing and bacterial clearance effects of a biotite and bentonite mixture (bbm) on experimental infection of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) to determine whether the bbm could be used as an alt ...	2015	25947887
(1)h, (13)c and (15)n resonance assignments of σ(s) activating protein crl from salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.	the general stress response in enterobacteria, like escherichia coli or salmonella, is controlled by the transcription factor σ(s), encoded by the rpos gene, which accumulates during stationary phase growth and associates with the core rna polymerase enzyme (e) to promote transcription of genes involved in cell survival. tight regulation of σ(s) is essential to preserve the balance between self-preservation under stress conditions and nutritional competence in the absence of stress. whereas σ fa ...	2015	25943268
assessing the ecotoxicity of metal nano-oxides with potential for wastewater treatment.	the rapid development of nanotechnology and the increasing use of nanomaterials (nms) raise concern about their fate and potential effects in the environment, especially for those that could be used for remediation purposes and that will be intentionally released to the environment. despite the remarkable emerging literature addressing the biological effects of nms to aquatic organisms, the existing information is still scarce and contradictory. therefore, aimed at selecting nms for the treatmen ...	2015	25940480
proteomic analyses of intracellular salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium reveal extensive bacterial adaptations to infected host epithelial cells.	salmonella species can gain access into nonphagocytic cells, where the bacterium proliferates in a unique membrane-bounded compartment. in order to reveal bacterial adaptations to their intracellular niche, here we conducted the first comprehensive proteomic survey of salmonella isolated from infected epithelial cells. among ∼ 3,300 identified bacterial proteins, we found that about 100 proteins were significantly altered at the onset of salmonella intracellular replication. in addition to subst ...	2015	25939512
synthesis and antimicrobial activity of 6-triazolo-6-deoxy eugenol glucosides.	a new series of 1,2,3-triazole eugenol glucosides were synthesized. the new compound structures were confirmed by ms, (1)h nmr and (13)c nmr. all of the synthesized compounds were screened for antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity. five compounds exerted significant activity against the gram-negative bacteria salmonella typhimurium with low ic50 values (49.73-68.53 μμ), and seven compounds were active against the gram-positive bacteria micrococcus luteus (42.89-210.94 μm). in vitro cytotoxicity o ...	2015	25933362
quantification and characterization of salmonella spp. isolates in sewage sludge with potential usage in agriculture.	this study aims to scrutinize salmonella spp. and its serotypes in sewage sludge samples from wastewater treatment plants, and assesses the presence of virulence genes and antibiotics resistant to the profile. samples (n = 54) were collected and analyzed in accordance with the epa method 1682/2006. for positive serological reaction, 40 strains were selected for pcr analyses and detection of spvc, inva and ssel virulence genes, plasmid presence and resistance to antibiotics.	2014	25927729
photodynamic inactivation mediated by erythrosine and its derivatives on foodborne pathogens and spoilage bacteria.	the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of photodynamic inactivation (pdi) mediated by erythrosine (ery) and its ester derivatives erythrosine methyl ester (erymet) and erythrosine butyl ester (erybut) on foodborne pathogens and spoilage bacteria. we evaluated staphylococcus aureus atcc 25923, aeromonas hydrophila atcc 7966, salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium atcc 14028, escherichia coli atcc 25922, and pseudomonas aeruginosa atcc 27853. the toxicity of all of the com ...	2015	25925153
cervical lymph nodes as a selective niche for brucella during oral infections.	cervical lymph nodes (cln) are the first lymph nodes encountered by material taking the oral route. to study their role in orally acquired infections, we analyzed 307 patients of up to 14 years treated in the university clinic of skopje, macedonia, for brucellosis, a zoonotic bacterial disease frequently acquired by ingestion of contaminated dairy products. from these children, 36% had lymphadenopathy. among orally infected children, lymphadenopathy with cln being the only lymph nodes affected w ...	2015	25919005
antimicrobial resistance: capacity and practices among clinical laboratories in kenya, 2013.	antimicrobial resistance is neglected in developing countries; associated with limited surveillance and unregulated use of antimicrobials. consequently, delayed patient recoveries, deaths and further antimicrobial resistance occur. recent gastroenteritis outbreak at a children's home associated with multidrug resistant non-typhoidal salmonella spp, raised concerns about the magnitude of the problem in kenya, prompting antimicrobial resistance assessment preceding surveillance system establishmen ...	2014	25918572
h-ns silencing of the salmonella pathogenicity island 6-encoded type vi secretion system limits salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium interbacterial killing.	the secretion of bacterial toxin proteins is achieved by dedicated machineries called secretion systems. the type vi secretion system (t6ss) is a widespread versatile machine used for the delivery of protein toxins to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, the expression of the t6ss genes is activated during macrophage or mouse infection. here, we show that the t6ss gene cluster is silenced by the histone-like nucleoid structuring h-ns protein using a ...	2015	25916986
pseudogenization of sopa and sope2 is functionally linked and contributes to virulence of salmonella enterica serovar typhi.	the difference in host range between salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) and s. enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) can be partially attributed to pseudogenes. pseudogenes are genomic segments homologous to functional genes that do not encode functional products due to the presence of genetic defects. s. typhi lacks several protein effectors implicated in invasion or other important processes necessary for full virulence of s. typhimurium. sopa and sope2, effectors that have b ...	2015	25913156
acid environments affect biofilm formation and gene expression in isolates of salmonella enterica typhimurium dt104.	the aim of this study was to examine the survival and potential virulence of biofilm-forming salmonella typhimurium dt104 under mild acid conditions. salmonella typhimurium dt104 employs an acid tolerance response (atr) allowing it to adapt to acidic environments. the threat that these acid adapted cells pose to food safety could be enhanced if they also produce biofilms in acidic conditions. the cells were acid-adapted by culturing them in 1% glucose and their ability to form biofilms on stainl ...	2015	25912312
morinda citrifolia l. leaf extract as antibacterial salmonella typhimurium to increase productivity of quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	the objective of this study was to apply effect of morinda citrifolia l. citrifolia l. leaf extract as antibacterial of salmonella typhimurium on mortality of day old quail (doq), egg production and hen day, hatchability of layer quail. this research was conducted at laboratory of microbiology and laboratory of poultry nutrition, faculty of animal science, bogor agricultural university and slamet quail farms cilangkap, sukabumi, west java, indonesia on march-july 2012. two hundred and forty head ...	2014	25911847
neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties of a novel non-thiazolidinedione pparγ agonist in vitro and in mptp-treated mice.	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (ppar)γ is a potential pharmacological target for disease-modification in parkinson's disease (pd), mainly acting by modulating the neuroinflammatory response. however, currently available agonists thiazolidinediones (tzds) present limitations due to safety concerns. we evaluated a novel thiobarbituric-like compound mdg548, which acts as a functional pparγ agonist displaying higher and selective binding affinity as compared to tzds. neuroprotection by m ...	2015	25907448
synthesis, biological evaluation and 2d-qsar study of halophenyl bis-hydrazones as antimicrobial and antitubercular agents.	in continuation of our endeavor towards the development of potent and effective antimicrobial agents, three series of halophenyl bis-hydrazones (14a-n, 16a-d, 17a and 17b) were synthesized and evaluated for their potential antibacterial, antifungal and antimycobacterial activities. these efforts led to the identification of five molecules 14c, 14g, 16b, 17a and 17b (mic range from 0.12 to 7.81 μg/ml) with broad antimicrobial activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis; aspergillus fumigates; gra ...	2015	25903147
live attenuated vaccines for invasive salmonella infections.	salmonella enterica serovar typhi produces significant morbidity and mortality worldwide despite the fact that there are licensed salmonella typhi vaccines available. this is primarily due to the fact that these vaccines are not used in the countries that most need them. there is growing recognition that an effective invasive salmonella vaccine formulation must also prevent infection due to other salmonella serovars. we anticipate that a multivalent vaccine that targets the following serovars wi ...	2015	25902362
quantitatively predicting bacterial adhesion using surface free energy determined with a spectrophotometric method.	bacterial adhesion onto solid surfaces is of importance in a wide spectrum of problems, including environmental microbiology, biomedical research, and various industrial applications. despite many research efforts, present thermodynamic models that rely on the evaluation of the adhesion energy are often elusive in predicting the bacterial adhesion behavior. here, we developed a new spectrophotometric method to determine the surface free energy (sfe) of bacterial cells. the adhesion behaviors of ...	2015	25898026
replication of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in human monocyte-derived macrophages.	salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is a common cause of food-borne gastrointestinal illness, but additionally it causes potentially fatal bacteremia in some immunocompromised patients. in mice, systemic spread and replication of the bacteria depend upon infection of and replication within macrophages, but replication in human macrophages is not widely reported or well studied. in order to assess the ability of salmonella typhimurium to replicate in human macrophages, we infected primary mon ...	2015	25895967
novel pegylated silver coated carbon nanotubes kill salmonella but they are non-toxic to eukaryotic cells.	resistance of food borne pathogens such as salmonella to existing antibiotics is of grave concern. silver coated single walled carbon nanotubes (swcnts-ag) have broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and may be a good treatment alternative. however, toxicity to human cells due to their physico-chemical properties is a serious public health concern. although pegylation is commonly used to reduce metal nanoparticle toxicity, swcnts-ag have not been pegylated as yet, and the effect of pegylation of ...	2015	25888864
nanoparticle albumin-bound-paclitaxel: a limited improvement under the current therapeutic paradigm of pancreatic cancer.	nanoparticle albumin-bound (nab)-paclitaxel is paclitaxel linked to albumin nanoparticles, which makes it soluble and is an example of an application of nanotechnology for cancer treatment. the development of nanotechnology as a delivery system for nab-paclitaxel has improved the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of paclitaxel, in part by decreasing its hydrophobicity. nab-paclitaxel in combination with gemcitabine has slightly improved survival in pancreatic cancer, compared to gemcitabine ...	2015	25887245
polymorphonuclear leukocyte apoptosis is accelerated by sulfatides or sulfatides-treated salmonella typhimurium bacteria.	neutrophils die by apoptosis following activation and uptake of microbes or enter apoptosis spontaneously at the end of their lifespan if they do not encounter a pathogen. here we report that sulfatides or sulfatides-treated salmonella typhimurium bacteria accelerated human neutrophil apoptosis. neutrophil apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry. sulfatides caused prominent increase in percentage of apoptotic cells after 2.5 hrs of incubation. salmonella typhimurium bacteria by themselves did n ...	2015	25883957
first description of food-borne salmonella enterica resistance regions r1 and r3 associated with is26 elements.	in this study, we assessed the presence of is26 in food-borne assut-type salmonella enterica isolates. a new genetic region (r3) was described, that included a c14 caspase gene between is26 elements. r3 was present in two salmonella rissen isolates from a swine carcass and a meat handler, collected at the same abattoir. furthermore, a new rearrangement of resistance region r1, harboring the blatem-1 gene flanked by is26 elements, was identified in salmonella typhimurium and salmonella 4,[5],12:i ...	2015	25881795
antimicrobial evaluation of plants used for the treatment of diarrhoea in a rural community in northern maputaland, kwazulu-natal, south africa.	zulu people living in the rural area of maputaland (kwazulu-natal, south africa) rely heavily on medicinal plants for the treatment of diarrhoea. abundant availability of medicinal plants in the study area offers low cost health care, but scientific validation is needed in order to lend credibility to the traditional use against many ailments including diarrhoeal infections. with this in mind a study was designed to test the in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of 23 plant species which are used for ...	2015	25881066
use of ensure® nutrition shakes as an alternative formulation method for live recombinant attenuated salmonella typhi vaccines.	to be effective, orally administered live salmonella vaccines must first survive their encounter with the low ph environment of the stomach. to enhance survival, an antacid is often given to neutralize the acidic environment of the stomach just prior to or concomitant with administration of the vaccine. one drawback of this approach, from the perspective of the clinical trial volunteer, is that the taste of a bicarbonate-based acid neutralization system can be unpleasant. thus, we explored an al ...	2015	25879849
bacterial recognition pathways that lead to inflammasome activation.	inflammasomes are multi-protein signaling platforms that upon activation trigger the maturation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β (il-1β) and il-18, and cell death. inflammasome sensors detect microbial and host-derived molecules. here, we review the mechanisms of inflammasome activation triggered by bacterial infection, primarily focusing on two model intracellular bacterial pathogens, francisella novicida and salmonella typhimurium. we discuss the complex relationship between b ...	2015	25879288
in vitro anti-inflammatory, mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of ethanolic extract of clerodendrum paniculatum root.	clerodendrum paniculatum l. (family verbenaceae) has been used as an antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drug in traditional thai medicine. this present study investigated the in vitro anti-inflammatory, mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of the ethanolic extract of c. paniculatum (cpe) dried root collected from sa kaeo province of thailand. murine macrophage j774a.1 cells were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (lps) to evaluate nitric oxide (no), tumor necrosis factor-α (tnf-α) and prostagland ...	2017	25878973
efficiency of conditionally attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in bacterium-mediated tumor therapy.	increasing numbers of cancer cases generate a great urge for new treatment options. applying bacteria like salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium for cancer therapy represents an intensively explored option. these bacteria have been shown not only to colonize solid tumors but also to exhibit an intrinsic antitumor effect. in addition, they could serve as tumor-targeting vectors for therapeutic molecules. however, the pathogenic s. typhimurium strains used for tumor therapy need to be attenuated ...	2015	25873375
recombinant salmonella-based ceacam6 and 4-1bbl vaccine enhances t-cell immunity and inhibits the development of colorectal cancer in rats: in vivo effects of vaccine containing 4-1bbl and ceacam6.	the present study aimed to determine the effect of recombinant salmonella (sl3261)-based ceacam6 and 4-1bb ligand (4-1bbl) vaccine on the development of colorectal cancer in rats and the potential immune mechanisms involved. attenuated salmonella typhimurium (vaccine strain)‑carrying plasmids pires-ceacam6, pires‑4‑1bbl and pires-ceacam6-4-1bbl were constructed. the rats were administered subcutaneous injections of 1,2-dimethyl-hydrazine (dmh) once a week for 18 weeks. eight weeks after the firs ...	2015	25872647
multiresistance to antibiotics of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strains producing extended spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls).	the purpose of the study is to give the rising incidence of salmonellosis and the continuous decrease of sensitivity of salmonella to a range of antibiotics, the prime importance of the choice of optimal anti-infective chemotherapy in order to prevent the selection of multidrug-resistant strains (mdr). we have studied 54 strains of salmonella sent for further investigation to "cantacuzino" nirdmi bucharest. the statistical analysis was based on the interpretation pathogen susceptibility and anal ...	2014	25870680
development and validation of a high-throughput cell-based screen to identify activators of a bacterial two-component signal transduction system.	cpxra is a two-component signal transduction system (2csts) found in many drug-resistant gram-negative bacteria. in response to periplasmic stress, cpxa autophosphorylates and donates a phosphoryl group to its cognate response regulator, cpxr. phosphorylated cpxr (cpxr-p) upregulates genes involved in membrane repair and downregulates multiple genes that encode virulence factors, which are trafficked across the cell membrane. mutants that constitutively activate cpxra in salmonella enterica sero ...	2015	25870061
the mutagenic assessment of mainstream cigarette smoke using the ames assay: a multi-strain approach.	salmonella typhimurium strains ta1535, ta1537, ta97, ta102 and ta104 were assessed for their suitability and use in conjunction with a vitrocell(®) vc 10 smoking robot and 3r4f reference mainstream cigarette smoke. little information exists on ta97, ta104, ta1535, ta1537 and ta102 using an aerosol 35mm spread-plate format. in this study, ta1535 and ta1537 were considered sub-optimal for use with a scaled-down format, due to low spontaneous revertant numbers (0-5 revertants/plate). in the context ...	2015	25868126
removal of pathogenic bacterial biofilms by combinations of oxidizing compounds.	bacterial biofilms are commonly formed on medical devices and food processing surfaces. the antimicrobials used have limited efficacy against the biofilms; therefore, new strategies to prevent and remove these structures are needed. here, the effectiveness of brief oxidative treatments, based on the combination of sodium hypochlorite (naclo) and hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) in the presence of copper sulfate (cuso4), were evaluated against bacterial laboratory strains and clinical isolates, both in p ...	2015	25864510
use of recombinant flagellin in oil-in-water emulsions enhances hemagglutinin-specific mucosal iga production and il-17 secreting t cells against h5n1 avian influenza virus infection.	researchers are currently involved in a strong effort to find a safe and effective vaccine against highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 viruses. toward that goal, we obtained soluble recombinant flagellin (flic) of salmonella typhimurium to be used as a mucosal adjuvant for h5ha subunit vaccine development. intranasal immunization of h5ha antigen with recombinant flic protein in an oil-in-water emulsion increased h5ha-specific igg and iga titers in sera, bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (balfs), ...	2015	25858857
complete genome sequence of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium myophage mushroom.	salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) is a leading cause of foodborne illness worldwide. over the past two decades, strains resistant to antibiotics have begun to emerge, highlighting the need for alternative treatment strategies such as bacteriophage therapy. here, we present the complete genome of mushroom, an s. typhimurium myophage.	2015	25858827
effect of sodium-alginate and laminaran on salmonella typhimurium infection in human enterocyte-like ht-29-luc cells and balb/c mice.	brown algal polysaccharides such as alginate, polymers of uronic acids, and laminaran, beta-1,3 and 1,6-glucan, can be fermented by human intestinal microbiota. to evaluate the effects of these polysaccharides on infections caused by food poisoning pathogens, we investigated the adhesion and invasion of pathogens (salmonella typhimurium, listeria monocytogenes and vibrio parahaemolyticus) in human enterocyte-like ht-29-luc cells and in infections caused in balb/c mice. both sodium na-alginate an ...	2015	25857966
structural and functional studies of nirc from salmonella typhimurium.	nirc is a pentameric transport system for monovalent anions that is expressed in the context of assimilatory nitrite reductase nirbd in a wide variety of enterobacterial species. a nirc pentamer contains individual pores in each protomer that mediate the passage of at least the nitrite [formula: see text] and nitrate [formula: see text] anions. as a member of the formate/nitrite transporter family of membrane transport proteins, nirc shares a range of structural and functional features with the ...	2015	25857796
delivery of cardiolipins to the salmonella outer membrane is necessary for survival within host tissues and virulence.	the outer membrane (om) of gram-negative bacteria is an asymmetric lipid bilayer that serves as a barrier to the environment. during infection, gram-negative bacteria remodel their om to promote survival and replication within host tissues. salmonella rely on the phopq two-component regulators to coordinate om remodeling in response to environmental cues. in a screen for mediators of phopq-regulated om remodeling in salmonella typhimurium, we identified pbga, a periplasmic domain-containing tran ...	2015	25856753
murine gammaherpesvirus 68 pathogenesis is independent of caspase-1 and caspase-11 in mice and impairs interleukin-1β production upon extrinsic stimulation in culture.	gammaherpesviruses establish lifelong infections that are associated with the development of cancer. these viruses subvert many aspects of the innate and adaptive immune response of the host. the inflammasome, a macromolecular protein complex that controls inflammatory responses to intracellular danger signals generated by pathogens, is both activated and subverted during human gammaherpesvirus infection in culture. the impact of the inflammasome response on gammaherpesvirus replication and late ...	2015	25855746
salmonella ghosts expressing enterotoxigenic escherichia coli k88ab, k88ac, k99, and fasa fimbrial antigens induce robust immune responses in a mouse model.	bacterial ghosts can be developed as safe and effective vaccines against bacterial infectious disease such as enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec)-induced diarrhea in neonatal piglets.	2015	25853619
salmonella promotes virulence by repressing cellulose production.	cellulose is the most abundant organic polymer on earth. in bacteria, cellulose confers protection against environmental insults and is a constituent of biofilms typically formed on abiotic surfaces. we report that, surprisingly, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium makes cellulose when inside macrophages. we determine that preventing cellulose synthesis increases virulence, whereas stimulation of cellulose synthesis inside macrophages decreases virulence. an attenuated mutant lacking the mgt ...	2015	25848006
differential innate immune responses of bovine peripheral blood leukocytes to salmonella enterica serovars dublin, typhimurium, and enteritidis.	the majority of salmonella serovars cause no clinical disease in cattle, while some are associated with severe disease. the objective of the current study was to determine the innate immune responses of bovine peripheral blood leukocytes exposed to salmonella enterica serovar dublin (bovine-specific), salmonella typhimurium (murine adapted, but zoonotic), and salmonella enteritidis (poultry host-adapted) in 3-week-old calves. all salmonella exposures increased cell surface cd14 and cd18 regardle ...	2015	25847354
specificity of salmonella typhimurium strain (atcc 14028) growth responses to salmonella serovar-generated spent media.	salmonella enterica is one of the most prevalent pathogens responsible for foodborne illness worldwide. numerous salmonella serovars have been associated with the consumption of a variety of products, and limiting food-borne illness due to salmonella serovars is a continuing problem for food producers and public health. the emergence and prevalence of salmonella serovars has been studied but the predominant serovars have varied somewhat over the years. the aims of this research were to compare t ...	2015	25844864
antibacterial and antifungal activities of various solvent extracts from the leaves and stem bark of anisophyllea laurina r. br ex sabine used as traditional medicine in guinea.	anisophyllea laurina r. br ex sabine is a plant that has been used in the folk medicine to treat malaria, dysentery, diabetes and toothache against bacterial infection. through this study, most likely we are reporting for the first time, its effectiveness as an antibacterial and antifungal agent.	2015	25843022
part 3. assessment of genotoxicity and oxidative damage in rats after chronic exposure to new-technology diesel exhaust in the aces bioassay.	in 2001, the u.s. environmental protection agency (epa*) and the california air resources board (carb) adopted new standards for diesel fuel and emissions from heavy-duty diesel engines. by 2007, diesel engines were required to meet these new standards for particulate matter (pm), with other standards to follow. through a combination of advanced compression-ignition engine technology, development of exhaust aftertreatment systems, and reformulated fuels, stringent standards were introduced. befo ...	2015	25842617
production of poly(3-hydroxypropionate) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxypropionate) from glucose by engineering escherichia coli.	poly(3-hydroxypropionate) (p3hp) is the strongest family member of microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (pha) synthesized by bacteria grown on 1,3-propandiol or glycerol. in this study synthesis pathways of p3hp and its copolymer p3hb3hp of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3hb) and 3-hydroxypropionate (3hp) were assembled respectively to allow their synthesis from glucose, a more abundant carbon source. recombinant escherichia coli was constructed harboring the p3hp synthetic pathway consisting of heterologous gen ...	2015	25842374
molecular modeling, simulation and virtual screening of murd ligase protein from salmonella typhimurium lt2.	the mur enzymes of the peptidoglycan biosynthesis pathway constitute ideal targets for the design of new classes of antimicrobial inhibitors in gram-negative bacteria. we built a homology model of murd of salmonella typhimurium lt2 using modeller (9v12) software. 'the homology model was subjected to energy minimization by molecular dynamics (md) simulation study with gromacs software for a simulation time of 20 ns in water environment. the model was subjected for virtual screening study from the ...	2015	25841669
effectiveness of sanitizing products on controlling selected pathogen surrogates on retail deli slicers.	the objectives of this study were (i) to assess the efficacy of quaternary ammonium chloride-based wet foam (wf) and dry foam (df) sanitizer systems (600 ppm) for reducing listeria innocua (a nonpathogenic surrogate of listeria monocytogenes) or a 100.0 μg/ml rifampin-resistant salmonella typhimurium lt2 (a nonpathogenic surrogate of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium) on niche and transfer point areas of an unwashed retail deli slicer as compared with traditional chlorine (cl(-)) treatment ...	2015	25836395
mutagenicity of drinking water sampled from the yangtze river and hanshui river (wuhan section) and correlations with water quality parameters.	a total of 54 water samples were collected during three different hydrologic periods (level period, wet period, and dry period) from plant a and plant b (a source for yangtze river and hanshui river water, respectively), and several water parameters, such as chemical oxygen demand (cod), turbidity, and total organic carbon (toc), were simultaneously analyzed. the mutagenicity of the water samples was evaluated using the ames test with salmonella typhimurium strains ta98 and ta100. according to t ...	2015	25825837
oral administration of the salmonella typhimurium vaccine strain nal2/rif9/rtt to laying hens at day of hatch reduces shedding and caecal colonization of salmonella 4,12:i:-, the monophasic variant of salmonella typhimurium.	a new monophasic variant of salmonella typhimurium, salmonella enterica serotype 4,12:i:-, is rapidly emerging. this serotype is now considered to be among the 10 most common serovars isolated from humans in many countries in europe and in the united states. the public health risk posed by these emerging monophasic salmonella typhimurium strains is considered comparable to that of classical salmonella typhimurium strains. the serotype 4,12:i:- is frequently isolated from pigs but also poultry ar ...	2015	25825785
bistable expression of csgd in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium connects virulence to persistence.	pathogenic bacteria often need to survive in the host and the environment, and it is not well understood how cells transition between these equally challenging situations. for the human and animal pathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, biofilm formation is correlated with persistence outside a host, but the connection to virulence is unknown. in this study, we analyzed multicellular-aggregate and planktonic-cell subpopulations that coexist when s. typhimurium is grown under biofilm-in ...	2015	25824832
increased ferroportin-1 expression and rapid splenic iron loss occur with anemia caused by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection in mice.	the gram-negative intracellular bacterium salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium causes persistent systemic inflammatory disease in immunocompetent mice. following oral inoculation with s. typhimurium, mice develop a hematopathological syndrome akin to typhoid fever with splenomegaly, microcytic anemia, extramedullary erythropoiesis, and increased hemophagocytic macrophages in the bone marrow, liver, and spleen. additionally, there is marked loss of iron from the spleen, an unanticipated result ...	2015	25824831
cytotoxicity and mutagenicity assessment of organomodified clays potentially used in food packaging.	modern food packaging has made great advances as result of global trends and consumer preferences, which are oriented to obtain improved food quality and safety. in this regard, clay minerals, and mainly montmorillonite (mt) are attracting considerable interest in food packaging because of the improvements developed in mechanical and barrier properties. hence, the present work aim to assess the toxicity of four montmorillonite-based clay minerals, an unmodified clay, cloisite®na+ (cna+), and thr ...	2015	25820134
pegylation of the peptide bac7(1-35) reduces renal clearance while retaining antibacterial activity and bacterial cell penetration capacity.	the proline-rich antibacterial peptide bac7(1-35) protects mice against salmonella typhimurium infection, despite its rapid clearance. to overcome this problem the peptide was linked to a polyethylene glycol (peg) molecule either via a cleavable ester bond or via a non-hydrolysable amide bond. both the pegylated conjugates retained most of the in vitro activity against s. typhimurium. in addition, the ester bond was cleaved in human serum or plasma, releasing a carboxymethyl derivative of bac7(1 ...	2015	25817771
improving adjuvant systems for polyclonal egg yolk antibody (igy) production in laying hens in terms of productivity and animal welfare.	the antibody production in the egg yolks of immunized laying hens is seen as a way of improving animal welfare compared with conventional production by mammals. immunoglobulin y (igy) technology, however, has still to address welfare issues linked to the widespread use of an adjuvant in vaccines. currently, freund's adjuvants, complete (fca) or incomplete (fia), remain the standard. this study sought to evaluate various approaches used to enhance egg yolk antibody production in terms of both pro ...	2015	25813905
salmonella enterica serotypes isolated from squabs reveal multidrug resistance and a distinct pathogenicity gene repertoire.	the consumption of squab (young unfledged pigeons) as part of the cuisine of many countries, together with the observation that squabs are vectors of zoonotic agents, may make them a public health risk. this study was designed to determine the serotypes, distribution of 11 virulence genes (inva, avra, ssaq, mgtc, siid, sopb, gipa, sodc1, sope1, spvc, bcfc) and the antimicrobial resistance profiles of salmonellae recovered from squabs. six isolates were identified from among 45 (13.3%) squabs sam ...	2014	25812222
immune reaction and survivability of salmonella typhimurium and salmonella infantis after infection of primary avian macrophages.	salmonella serovars are differentially able to infect chickens. the underlying causes are not yet fully understood. aim of the present study was to elucidate the importance of salmonella pathogenicity island 1 and 2 (spi-1 and -2) for the virulence of two non-host-specific, but in-vivo differently invasive, salmonella serovars in conjunction with the immune reaction of the host. primary avian splenic macrophages were inoculated with salmonella enterica sub-species enterica serovar (s.) typhimuri ...	2015	25811871
molecular profiling of sepsis in mice using fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy.	sepsis is a life threatening condition resulting from a high burden of infection. it is a major health care problem and associated with inflammation, organ dysfunction and significant mortality. however, proper understanding and delineating the changes that occur during this complex condition remains a challenge. a comparative study involving intra-peritoneal injection of balb/c mice with salmonella typhimurium (infection), lipopolysaccharide (endotoxic shock) or thioglycollate (sterile peritoni ...	2016	25808727
non-typhoidal salmonella typhimurium st313 isolates that cause bacteremia in humans stimulate less inflammasome activation than st19 isolates associated with gastroenteritis.	salmonella is an enteric pathogen that causes a range of diseases in humans. non-typhoidal salmonella (nts) serovars such as salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium generally cause a self-limiting gastroenteritis whereas typhoidal serovars cause a systemic disease, typhoid fever. however, s. typhimurium isolates within the multi-locus sequence type st313 have emerged in sub-saharan africa as a major cause of bacteremia in humans. the s. typhimurium st313 lineage is phylogenetically distinct from ...	2015	25808600
sublethal exposure to commercial formulations of the herbicides dicamba, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and glyphosate cause changes in antibiotic susceptibility in escherichia coli and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.	biocides, such as herbicides, are routinely tested for toxicity but not for sublethal effects on microbes. many biocides are known to induce an adaptive multiple-antibiotic resistance phenotype. this can be due to either an increase in the expression of efflux pumps, a reduced synthesis of outer membrane porins, or both. exposures of escherichia coli and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to commercial formulations of three herbicides-dicamba (kamba), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d), ...	2015	25805724
mutagenicity and clastogenicity of extracts of helicobacter pylori detected by the ames test and in the micronucleus test using human lymphoblastoid cells.	epidemiological studies have demonstrated a close association between infection with helicobacter pylori (h.pylori) and the development of gastric carcinoma. chronic h.pylori infection increases the frequency of mutation in gastric epithelial cells. however, the mechanism by which infection of h.pylori leads to mutation in gastric epithelial cells is unclear. we suspected that components in h.pylori may be related to the mutagenic response associated with dna alkylation, and could be detected wi ...	2015	25805024
first detection of macrorhabdus ornithogaster in wild eurasian siskins (carduelis spinus) in germany. a case study.	the colonization of the gastric ascomycetous yeast macrorhabdus (m.) ornithogaster could be associated with a chronic wasting disease in several bird species in captivity. the prevalence and clinical relevance of m. ornithogaster in wild birds is unknown in detail.	2015	25804259
signatures of adaptation in human invasive salmonella typhimurium st313 populations from sub-saharan africa.	two lineages of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) of multi-locus sequence type st313 have been linked with the emergence of invasive salmonella disease across sub-saharan africa. the expansion of these lineages has a temporal association with the hiv pandemic and antibiotic usage. we analysed the whole genome sequence of 129 st313 isolates representative of the two lineages and found evidence of lineage-specific genome degradation, with some similarities to that observed i ...	2015	25803844
in silico and proteomic analysis of protein methyltransferase cher from bacillus subtilis.	protein methyltransferase (cher) catalyzes the methylation of the cytosolic domain of the membrane bound chemotaxis receptors, and plays a pivotal role in the chemotactic signal transduction pathway in bacteria. crystal structure of cher is available only from the gram-negative bacterium salmonella typhimurium (stcher), which contain a catalytic c-terminal domain, encompassing a β-subdomain, connected via a linker to the n-terminal domain. the structural-functional similitude between cher of the ...	2015	25799883
plectranthus amboinicus leaves stimulate growth of probiotic l. plantarum: evidence for ethnobotanical use in diarrhea.	leaves of plectranthus amboinicus are consumed in india along with buttermilk (a probiotic source) during pathogen induced diarrhea. this treatment is known to reduce the number of episodes as well as duration of diarrhea.	2015	25796406
characterization of a large novel phage-like plasmid in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.	salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is a food-borne pathogen and a leading cause of gastroenteritis in humans. recently, we sequenced a phage-type dt108 strain (l945) and found reads with high similarity to both salmonella typhi strain ct18 plasmid phcm2 and bacteriophage ssu5. in this study, we completely sequenced the novel phage-like plasmid which was designated as pstm_φ. the presence of this phage-like plasmid was examined in a collection of 284 salmonella typhimurium isolates using pcr ...	2015	25795590
human outbreak of salmonella typhimurium associated with exposure to locally made chicken jerky pet treats, new hampshire, 2013.	pet treats and pet food can be contaminated with salmonella and other pathogens, though they are infrequently implicated as the source of human outbreaks. in 2013, the new hampshire department of health and human services investigated a cluster of salmonella typhimurium infections associated with contaminated locally made pet treats. case-patients were interviewed with standardized questionnaires to assess food, animal, and social histories. laboratory and environmental investigations were condu ...	2015	25793722
distinct type i and type ii toxin-antitoxin modules control salmonella lifestyle inside eukaryotic cells.	toxin-antitoxin (ta) modules contribute to the generation of non-growing cells in response to stress. these modules abound in bacterial pathogens although the bases for this profusion remain largely unknown. using the intracellular bacterial pathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium as a model, here we show that a selected group of ta modules impact bacterial fitness inside eukaryotic cells. we characterized in this pathogen twenty-seven ta modules, including type i and type ii ta modules ...	2015	25792384
enhancing the antibacterial effect of 461 and 521 nm light emitting diodes on selected foodborne pathogens in trypticase soy broth by acidic and alkaline ph conditions.	light emitting diodes (leds) with their antibacterial effect present a novel method for food preservation. this effect may be influenced by environmental conditions such as the ph of the food contaminated by the pathogen. thus, it is necessary to investigate the influence of ph on the antibacterial effect of leds before their application to real food matrices. escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium and listeria monocytogenes in trypticase soy broth were illuminated using 10-w 461 (22.1 ...	2015	25790991
investigating the mutagenic effects of three commonly used pulpotomy agents using the ames test.	the mutagenic potency of materials used in dentistry is of great concern. the ames test is a bacterial reverse mutation assay, which is used to determine the mutagenicity potential of chemicals. in this study, the ames test was used to compare mutagenic effects of three pulpotomy agents, namely, cem cement, formocresol and ferric sulfate.	2015	25789229
ceftriaxone-resistant salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium sequence type 313 from kenyan patients is associated with the blactx-m-15 gene on a novel inchi2 plasmid.	multidrug-resistant bacteria pose a major challenge to the clinical management of infections in resource-poor settings. although nontyphoidal salmonella (nts) bacteria cause predominantly enteric self-limiting illness in developed countries, nts is responsible for a huge burden of life-threatening bloodstream infections in sub-saharan africa. here, we characterized nine s. typhimurium isolates from an outbreak involving patients who initially failed to respond to ceftriaxone treatment at a refer ...	2015	25779570
prevalence of enteropathogenic bacteria in treated effluents and receiving water bodies and their potential health risks.	the failure of wastewater treatment plants to produce effluents of a high microbiological quality is a matter of great concern in terms of water resource pollution. a more serious concern is that this water source is used by communities in developing countries for multiple purposes, which include drinking, recreation and agriculture. the current study investigated the prevalence and potential health risks of enteropathogenic bacteria (salmonella typhimurium, shigella dysenteriae and vibrio chole ...	2015	25777950
a fantastic voyage for sliding bacteria.	a recent study showed that salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium exhibits sliding motility under magnesium-limited conditions. overall, bacteria that exhibit this passive surface movement described as sliding share few common traits. this discovery provides an opportunity to revisit and better characterize appendage-independent bacterial motility.	2015	25777934
cloning of flic gene from salmonella typhimurium in the expression vector pvax1 and evaluation of its expression in eukaryotic cells.	flagellin is the main structural protein of the ﬂagella of many pathogens including salmonella typhimurium. it is a potent trigger of innate immune responses that enhance adaptive immune responses to a variety of protein antigens. flagellin has intrinsic adjuvant activity mediated through toll-like receptor (tlr) 5 and is an attractive candidate for highly effective vaccine adjuvant conferring enhanced antibody and cellular immune responses to proteins or peptides. in the present study, we clone ...	2014	25774273
a highly acid-resistant novel strain of lactobacillus johnsonii no. 1088 has antibacterial activity, including that against helicobacter pylori, and inhibits gastrin-mediated acid production in mice.	a novel strain of lactobacillus johnsonii no. 1088 was isolated from the gastric juice of a healthy japanese male volunteer, and characterized for its effectiveness in the stomach environment. lactobacillus johnsonii no. 1088 was found to have the strongest acid resistance among several lactobacilli examined (>10% of cells survived at ph 1.0 after 2 h), and such a high acid resistance property was a specific characteristic of this strain of l. johnsonii. when cultured with various virulent bacte ...	2015	25771812
autophagy receptor ndp52 regulates pathogen-containing autophagosome maturation.	xenophagy, an essential anti-microbial cell-autonomous mechanism, relies on the ability of the autophagic process to selectively entrap intracellular pathogens within autophagosomes to degrade them in autolysosomes. this selective targeting is carried out by specialized autophagy receptors, such as ndp52, but it is unknown whether the fusion of pathogen-containing autophagosomes with lysosomes is also regulated by pathogen-specific cellular factors. here, we show that ndp52 also promotes the mat ...	2015	25771791
characterization of lactobacillus isolated from dairy samples for probiotic properties.	in the present study twelve lactobacillus isolates (lbs 1-lbs 12) were characterized for probiotic properties. out of the twelve, eight isolates (lbs 1-6, 8 and 11) were bile resistant (survival > 50% at 0.3% bile salt w/v) and five isolates (lbs 1, 2, 5, 6 and 11) were found acid ph value resistant (survival > 50% at ph 3). all twelve isolates inhibited the growth of staphylococcus aureus whereas isolate lbs 2 also inhibited the growth of escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium. antibiotic ...	2015	25771244
molecular cloning, characterization and mrna expression of duck interleukin-17f.	interleukin-17f (il-17f) is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in gut homeostasis. a full-length duck il-17f (duil-17f) cdna with a 510-bp coding region was identified in cona-activated splenic lymphocytes. duil-17f is predicted to encode 166 amino acids, including a 26-amino acid signal peptide, a single n-linked glycosylation site, and six cysteine residues that are conserved in mammalian il-17. duil-17f shares 77.5% amino acid sequence identity with chicken il-17f (chil-1 ...	2015	25769677
ammonia sanitization of blackwater for safe use as fertilizer.	source-separated blackwater from low-flush toilets contains plant-available nutrients and can be used as a fertilizer. the aim of the study was to evaluate the impact on pathogen inactivation when treating blackwater with urea and/or lime. blackwater was spiked with salmonella typhimurium, escherichia coli o157, enterococcus faecalis, and ascaris suum eggs, and treated with urea and/or lime in concentrations up to 0.1% w/w. the bottles were kept in a storage facility (manure slurry tank) for 102 ...	2015	25768229
a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccine candidate based on prrsv glycoprotein 5 and the toll-like receptor 5 agonist salmonella typhimurium flagellin.	glycoprotein 5 (gp5) from porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is a key inducer of neutralizing antibodies. a truncated gp5 gene lacking the signal peptide and transmembrane sequences was amplified via an overlap pcr method and inserted into prokaryotic expression vectors, pet32a or pgex-6p-1, to add an his or gst tag, respectively. his-tagged gp5 was induced with iptg, verified by sds-page and western blotting, and purified to serve as an immunogen accompanied with the sa ...	2015	25766593
empirical prediction and validation of antibacterial inhibitory effects of various plant essential oils on common pathogenic bacteria.	in this study, fractional compound composition, antioxidant capacity, and phenolic substance content of 14 plant essential oils-anise (pimpinella anisum), bay leaves (laurus nobilis), cinnamon bark (cinnamomum verum), clove (eugenia caryophyllata), fennel (foeniculum vulgare), hop (humulus lupulus), istanbul oregano (origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum), izmir oregano (origanum onites), mint (mentha piperita), myrtus (myrtus communis), orange peel (citrus sinensis), sage (salvia officinalis), thyme ( ...	2015	25764982
effects of transparent exopolymer particles and suspended particles on the survival of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in seawater.	the bacterium salmonella enterica can infect marine mammals and has been increasingly implicated in seafood-borne disease outbreaks in humans. despite the risk this zoonotic agent poses to animals and people, little is known regarding the environmental factors that affect its persistence in the sea. the goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of two constituents on the survival of salmonella in the marine environment: transparent exopolymer particles (tep) and suspended particles. a decay ...	2015	25764565
salmonella and campylobacter contamination of ready-to-eat street-vended pork meat dishes in antananarivo, madagascar: a risk for the consumers?	street-food vending has been increasing in many developing countries and particularly in madagascar since 2000. gastroenteric diseases cause 37% of all deaths each year, and 50% of children <5 years are infected with intestinal pathogens. however, there has been little information regarding the incidence of street-food-related diseases, or foodborne pathogens in pork, which is the most commonly eaten meat, along with chicken. thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the safety of tradition ...	2015	25764444
lactic acid bacteria: promising supplements for enhancing the biological activities of kombucha.	kombucha is sweetened black tea that is fermented by a symbiosis of bacteria and yeast embedded within a cellulose membrane. it is considered a health drink in many countries because it is a rich source of vitamins and may have other health benefits. it has previously been reported that adding lactic acid bacteria (lactobacillus) strains to kombucha can enhance its biological functions, but in that study only lactic acid bacteria isolated from kefir grains were tested. there are many other natur ...	2015	25763303
formate hydrogen lyase mediates stationary-phase deacidification and increases survival during sugar fermentation in acetoin-producing enterobacteria.	two fermentation types exist in the enterobacteriaceae family. mixed-acid fermenters produce substantial amounts of lactate, formate, acetate, and succinate, resulting in lethal medium acidification. on the other hand, 2,3-butanediol fermenters switch to the production of the neutral compounds acetoin and 2,3-butanediol and even deacidify the environment after an initial acidification phase, thereby avoiding cell death. we equipped three mixed-acid fermenters (salmonella typhimurium, s. enteriti ...	2015	25762991
in vitro antibacterial and chemical properties of essential oils including native plants from brazil against pathogenic and resistant bacteria.	the antimicrobials products from plants have increased in importance due to the therapeutic potential in the treatment of infectious diseases. therefore, we aimed to examine the chemical characterisation (gc-ms) of essential oils (eo) from seven plants and measure antibacterial activities against bacterial strains isolated from clinical human specimens (methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and sensitive (mssa), escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhimurium) and f ...	2015	25757433
low aspect ratio micropores for single-particle and single-cell analysis.	this paper describes microparticle and bacterial translocation studies using low aspect ratio solid-state micropores. micropores, 5 μm in diameter, were fabricated in 200 nm thick free-standing silicon nitride membranes, resulting in pores with an extremely low aspect ratio, nominally 0.04. for microparticle translocation experiments, sulfonated polystyrene microparticles and magnetic microbeads in size range of 1-4 μm were used. using the microparticle translocation characteristics, we find tha ...	2015	25752985
[phenotypic and molecular characteristics of salmonella enterica serotype 1,4, [5] ,12:i:--a review].	salmonella enterica serotype 1, 4, [5 ], 12: i:- ( salmonella 1, 4, [5], 12: i:-), an emerging serotype antigenically related to salmonella typhimurium (1,4, [5], 12 : i:1,2) but lacking the second phase flagellar antigen, has been frequently detected in many countries over the last 10 years. nowadays it seems to be one of the major serotypes responsible for human salmonellosis cases worldwide. in addition, multidrug resistance is quite common in salmonella 1, 4, [5],12:i:-, the two major clones ...	2014	25752131
salmonellae interactions with host processes.	salmonellae invasion and intracellular replication within host cells result in a range of diseases, including gastroenteritis, bacteraemia, enteric fever and focal infections. in recent years, considerable progress has been made in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that salmonellae use to alter host cell physiology; through the delivery of effector proteins with specific activities and through the modulation of defence and stress response pathways. in this review, we summarize our cu ...	2015	25749450
γδ intraepithelial lymphocyte migration limits transepithelial pathogen invasion and systemic disease in mice.	intraepithelial lymphocytes that express the γδ t-cell receptor (γδ iels) limit pathogen translocation across the intestinal epithelium by unknown mechanisms. we investigated whether γδ iel migration and interaction with epithelial cells promote mucosal barrier maintenance during enteric infection.	2015	25747597
a highly sensitive elisa and immunochromatographic strip for the detection of salmonella typhimurium in milk samples.	murine monoclonal antibodies to target salmonella typhimurium flagellin and lipopolysaccharide (lps) were prepared and characterized. for the immunological detection of s. typhimurium, different pairs of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were tested in a sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) format. after comparison, a sandwich elisa and immunochromatographic strip based on lps mabs was established to detect s. typhimurium. the determination limits of the immunochromatographic strip in p ...	2015	25746094
characterization and in vitro biological activities of thai traditional fermented shrimp pastes.	in this work, chemical and biological characteristics of two types of thai fermented shrimp paste, kapi ta dam and kapi ta deang, at different fermentation periods and their raw materials were investigated. kapi had low water activity and high proteins with high glutamic acid and lysine. both kapis, which had different sources, showed similar characteristics. the number of lactic acid bacteria in the products increased during the early stages of fermentation. free α-amino acid contents in the pr ...	2015	25745266
bioactive endophytic fungi isolated from caesalpinia echinata lam. (brazilwood) and identification of beauvericin as a trypanocidal metabolite from fusarium sp.	aiming to identify new sources of bioactive secondary metabolites, we isolated 82 endophytic fungi from stems and barks of the native brazilian tree caesalpinia echinata lam. (fabaceae). we tested their ethyl acetate extracts in several in vitro assays. the organic extracts from three isolates showed antibacterial activity against staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli [minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) 32-64 μg/ml]. one isolate inhibited the growth of salmonella typhimurium (mic 64 μg/ ...	2015	25742265
characterization of deep sea fish gut bacteria with antagonistic potential, from centroscyllium fabricii (deep sea shark).	the bacterial isolates from centroscyllium fabricii (deep sea shark) gut were screened for antagonistic activity by cross-streak method and disc diffusion assay. this study focuses on strain btss-3, which showed antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria including salmonella typhimurium, proteus vulgaris, clostridium perfringens, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus, bacillus circulans, bacillus macerans and bacillus pumilus. btss3 was subjected to phenotypic characterization using bio ...	2015	25740801
acrb drug-binding pocket substitution confers clinically relevant resistance and altered substrate specificity.	the incidence of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections is increasing globally and the need to understand the underlying mechanisms is paramount to discover new therapeutics. the efflux pumps of gram-negative bacteria have a broad substrate range and transport antibiotics out of the bacterium, conferring intrinsic multidrug resistance (mdr). the genomes of pre- and posttherapy mdr clinical isolates of salmonella typhimurium from a patient that failed antibacterial therapy and died were sequenc ...	2015	25737552
oral vaccination of mice with trichinella spiralis nudix hydrolase dna vaccine delivered by attenuated salmonella elicited protective immunity.	we have previously reported that trichinella spiralis nudix hydrolase (tsnd) bound to intestinal epithelial cells (iecs), and the vaccination of mice with recombinant tsnd protein (rtsnd) produced a partial protective immunity against challenge infection in mice. in this study, the full-length cdna sequence of tsnd gene was cloned into the eukaryotic expression plasmid pcdna3.1, and the recombinant tsnd dna was transformed into attenuated salmonella typhimurium strain ⊿cyasl1344. oral immunizati ...	2015	25733024
antibacterial, cytotoxicity and anticoagulant activities from hypnea esperi and caulerpa prolifera marine algae.	extracts from 2 algal species (hypnea esperi and caulerpa prolifera) from suez canal region, egypt were screened for the production of antibacterial compounds against some pathogenic bacteria. the bacteria tested included escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhimurium, aeromonas hydrophila, bacillus subtilis and staphylococcus aureus. algal species displayed antibacterial activity. the methanolic extracts showed variable response by producing various zones of inhibition against ...	2015	25730785
anti-fibrogenic effects of the anti-microbial peptide cathelicidin in murine colitis-associated fibrosis.	cathelicidin (ll-37 in human and mcramp in mice) represents a family of endogenous antimicrobial peptides with anti-inflammatory effects. ll-37 also suppresses collagen synthesis, an important fibrotic response, in dermal fibroblasts. here we determined whether exogenous cathelicidin administration modulates intestinal fibrosis in two animal models of intestinal inflammation and in human colonic fibroblasts.	2015	25729764
mutagenicity of cigarette butt waste in the bacterial reverse mutation assay: the protective effects of β-caryophyllene and β-caryophyllene oxide.	cigarette filters pose a serious litter and toxic waste disposal problem, because of their not biodegradability and to the leaching of toxins in the environment. therefore, cigarette butts need to be manipulated as special waste, with potential risks to human health and environment. in the present study, the genotoxic potential of a methanol extract from commonly discharged cigarette butts (cbe) was evaluated in the bacterial reverse mutation assay on salmonella typhimurium ta98 and ta100 and es ...	2016	25728712
[construction and immunogenicity analysis of the attenuated recombinant salmonella typhimurium strains expressing echinococcus granulosus eg95 antigen].	to study the feasibility of using attenuated salmonella typhimurium as carrier for oral immunization of eg95 antigen of echinococcus granulosus.	2014	25726593
extensive genetic variability linked to is26 insertions in the fljb promoter region of atypical monophasic variants of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.	fifty-nine monophasic salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium isolates, collected in belgium during the period from 2008 to 2011, have been serotyped as 4,[5]:i:- and shown to harbor an fljb coding sequence. the genetic differences between these strains and phenotypically biphasic salmonella typhimurium were analyzed through pcr and dna sequencing. genetic alterations in the fljb promoter region affecting expression of the phase 2 flagellin were observed in 53 isolates. other genetic events in t ...	2015	25724958