Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| role of hydrogen sulfide in paramyxovirus infections. | hydrogen sulfide (h2s) is an endogenous gaseous mediator that has gained increasing recognition as an important player in modulating acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. however, its role in virus-induced lung inflammation is currently unknown. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in children for which no vaccine or effective treatment is available. using the slow-releasing h2s donor gyy4137 and propargylglycin (pag), an inhibitor ... | 2015 | 25740991 |
| serologic cross-reactions between nucleocapsid proteins of human respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) and human metapneumovirus (hmpv) share virologic and epidemiologic features and cause clinically similar respiratory illness predominantly in young children. in a previous study of acute febrile respiratory illness in bangladesh, we tested paired serum specimens from 852 children presenting fever and cough for diagnostic increases in titers of antibody to hrsv and hmpv by enzyme immunoassay (eia). unexpectedly, of 93 serum pairs that showed a ≥ 4-fold inc ... | 2015 | 25740767 |
| effect of respiratory syncytial virus on the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cell-lines. | in several reports, the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was identified as an oncolytic virus in cancer cells (e.g., lung and prostate cancer). however, the effects of rsv in hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) cells have not yet been investigated. here, we observed the inhibitory effects of rsv infection in hcc cell-lines. cell growth was significantly decreased by rsv infection in bnl-hcc, hep3b, huh-7 and snu-739 cells. after rsv infection, plaque formation and syncytial formation were observed i ... | 2015 | 25739391 |
| the pneumovirinae fusion (f) protein: a common target for vaccines and antivirals. | the pneumovirinae fusion (f) protein mediates fusion of the virus and cell membrane, an essential step for entry of the viral genome in the cell cytoplasm and initiation of a new infectious cycle. accordingly, potent inhibitors of virus infectivity have been found among antibodies and chemical compounds that target the pneumovirinae f protein. recent developments in structure-based vaccines have led to a deeper understanding of f protein antigenicity, unveiling new conformations and epitopes whi ... | 2015 | 25738581 |
| other respiratory viruses are important contributors to adult respiratory hospitalizations and mortality even during peak weeks of the influenza season. | during peak weeks of seasonal influenza epidemics, severe respiratory infections without laboratory confirmation are typically attributed to influenza. | 2014 | 25734152 |
| impaired antibody-mediated protection and defective iga b-cell memory in experimental infection of adults with respiratory syncytial virus. | despite relative antigenic stability, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) reinfects throughout life. after more than 40 years of research, no effective human vaccine exists and correlates of protection remain poorly defined. most current vaccine candidates seek to induce high levels of rsv-specific serum neutralizing antibodies, which are associated with reduced rsv-related hospitalization rates in observational studies but may not actually prevent infection. | 2015 | 25730467 |
| evaluation of igg antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), and associated risk factors for severe respiratory tract infections in pre-school children in north-central, nigeria. | childhood mortality and morbidity due to rsv is increasing. our current study was aimed at determining the sero-prevalence rate of rsv igg antibodies and investigates certain known risk factors for rsv disease severity in infants and pre-school children presenting with various forms of respiratory tract infections in ilorin, nigeria. | 2014 | 25729535 |
| detection of respiratory viruses in gargle specimens of healthy children. | respiratory tract viral infection is one of the most common and important diseases in children. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) tests are often used to detect viruses in samples, it is difficult to interpret the clinical significance of pcr positivity, which may reflect a past, imminent or active asymptomatic infection due to their high sensitivity. although single respiratory viruses have been detected in samples from children with symptoms, other respiratory viruses can also be detected simult ... | 2015 | 25728080 |
| quantifying maternally derived respiratory syncytial virus specific neutralising antibodies in a birth cohort from coastal kenya. | severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease occurs predominantly in children under 6 months of age. there is no licensed rsv vaccine. protection of young infants could be achieved by a maternal vaccine to boost titres of passively transferred protective antibodies. data on the level and kinetics of functional rsv-specific antibody at birth and over the early infant period would inform vaccine product design. | 2015 | 25725445 |
| herd factors associated with dairy cow mortality. | summary studies of dairy cow removal indicate increasing levels of mortality over the past several decades. this poses a serious problem for the us dairy industry. the objective of this project was to evaluate associations between facilities, herd management practices, disease occurrence and death rates on us dairy operations through an analysis of the national animal health monitoring system's dairy 2007 survey. the survey included farms in 17 states that represented 79.5% of us dairy operation ... | 2015 | 25721925 |
| il-33 receptor (st2) signalling is important for regulation of th2-mediated airway inflammation in a murine model of acute respiratory syncytial virus infection. | t1/st2, an orphan receptor with homology with the interleukin (il)-1 receptor family, is the ligand-binding component of the receptor for the cytokine il-33, a newly identified cytokine known to amplify the th2 cell-dominant immune responses. the function of il-33/st2 signalling during respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is not fully known. in this study, following intranasal infection with rsv, balb/c mice showed a marked increase in the production of il-33, with an elevated expression ... | 2015 | 25721734 |
| heterogeneity within and across pediatric pulmonary infections: from bipartite networks to at-risk subphenotypes. | although influenza (flu) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections are extremely common in children under two years and resolve naturally, a subset develop severe disease resulting in hospitalization despite having no identifiable clinical risk factors. however, little is known about inherent host-specific genetic and immune mechanisms in this at-risk subpopulation. we therefore conducted a secondary analysis of statistically significant, differentially-expressed genes from a whole genome ... | 2014 | 25717396 |
| infection history determines the differentiation state of human cd8+ t cells. | after the resolution of the acute phase of infection, otherwise quiescent antigen-experienced cd8(+) t cells confer rapid protection upon reinfection with viral pathogens or, in the case of persistent viruses, help to maintain control of the infection. depending on the type of virus, antigen-specific cd8(+) t cells have distinct traits, ranging from typical memory cell properties in the case of rapidly cleared viruses to immediate effector functions for persistent viruses. we here show that both ... | 2015 | 25717102 |
| coinfection with blood-stage plasmodium promotes systemic type i interferon production during pneumovirus infection but impairs inflammation and viral control in the lung. | acute lower respiratory tract infections (alrti) are the leading cause of global childhood mortality, with human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) being a major cause of viral alrti in young children worldwide. in sub-saharan africa, many young children experience severe illnesses due to hrsv or plasmodium infection. although the incidence of malaria in this region has decreased in recent years, there remains a significant opportunity for coinfection. recent data show that febrile young childre ... | 2015 | 25716232 |
| detection of influenza vaccine effectiveness among nursery school children: lesson from a season with cocirculating respiratory syncytial virus. | in the winter influenza epidemic season, patients with respiratory illnesses including respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections increase among young children. therefore, we evaluated the effectiveness of influenza vaccine against influenza-like illness (ili) using a technique to identify outbreaks of rsv infection and to distinguish those patients from ili patients. the study subjects were 101 children aged 12 to 84 months attending nursery school. we classified the cases into 6 levels based ... | 2015 | 25714791 |
| community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization among u.s. children. | incidence estimates of hospitalizations for community-acquired pneumonia among children in the united states that are based on prospective data collection are limited. updated estimates of pneumonia that has been confirmed radiographically and with the use of current laboratory diagnostic tests are needed. | 2015 | 25714161 |
| challenges and opportunities in developing respiratory syncytial virus therapeutics. | two meetings, one sponsored by the wellcome trust in 2012 and the other by the global virology foundation in 2013, assembled academic, public health and pharmaceutical industry experts to assess the challenges and opportunities for developing antivirals for the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections. the practicalities of clinical trials and establishing reliable outcome measures in different target groups were discussed in the context of the regulatory pathways that could acc ... | 2015 | 25713060 |
| severe acute respiratory illness deaths in sub-saharan africa and the role of influenza: a case series from 8 countries. | data on causes of death due to respiratory illness in africa are limited. | 2015 | 25712970 |
| association of bovine respiratory disease or vaccination with serologic response in dairy heifer calves up to three months of age. | to investigate the association of bovine respiratory disease (brd) or vaccination with serologic response in calves. | 2015 | 25710760 |
| comparison of three magnetic bead surface functionalities for rna extraction and detection. | magnetic beads are convenient for extracting nucleic acid biomarkers from biological samples prior to molecular detection. these beads are available with a variety of surface functionalities designed to capture particular subsets of rna. we hypothesized that bead surface functionality affects binding kinetics, processing simplicity, and compatibility with molecular detection strategies. in this report, three magnetic bead surface chemistries designed to bind nucleic acids, silica, oligo (dt), an ... | 2015 | 25710198 |
| defective innate immune responses to respiratory syncytial virus infection in ovalbumin-sensitized mice. | respiratory viral infections have frequently been reported to closely correlate with asthma exacerbations. distinctive expression of cytokine/chemokine and anomalous responses of innate immunity induced by respiratory viral infections were suggested to play a key role. this study further evaluates the effects of airway sensitization on innate immunity in response to different viruses. | 2017 | 25708602 |
| general and virus-specific immune cell reconstitution after double cord blood transplantation. | cord blood transplantation (cbt) is curative for many patients with hematologic malignancies but is associated with delayed immune recovery and an increased risk of viral infections compared with hla-matched bone marrow or peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation. in this study we evaluated the significance of lymphocyte recovery in 125 consecutive patients with hematologic malignancies who underwent double-unit cbt (ducbt) with an antithymocyte globulin-containing regimen at our institu ... | 2015 | 25708219 |
| efficacy and optimization of palivizumab injection regimens against respiratory syncytial virus infection. | infection with the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of hospitalizations in children, accounting for more than 90,000 hospitalizations every year in the united states. for children who are at risk for severe rsv infections, the american academy of pediatrics recommends immunoprophylaxis with a series of up to 5 injections of the antibody palivizumab administered monthly, beginning on november 1 of each year. however, many practitioners initiate injections at the onset of rsv ... | 2015 | 25706618 |
| viruses detected by systematic multiplex polymerase chain reaction in adults with suspected community-acquired pneumonia attending emergency departments in france. | infectious agents associated with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) are under-studied. this study attempted to identify viruses from the upper respiratory tract in adults visiting emergency departments for clinically suspected cap. adults with suspected cap enrolled in the escaped study (impact of computed tomography on cap diagnosis) had prospective nasopharyngeal (np) samples studied by multiplex pcr (targeting 15 viruses and four intracellular bacteria). an adjudication committee composed of ... | 2015 | 25704448 |
| [monitoring respiratory syncytial virus through the spanish influenza surveillance system, 2006-2014]. | the aim of the study is to analyze the information on respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) obtained through the spanish influenza surveillance system (siss) and to study its usefulness as supplementary information for the characterization of influenza epidemics. | 2016 | 25703209 |
| characterization of hospital and community-acquired respiratory syncytial virus in children with severe lower respiratory tract infections in ho chi minh city, vietnam, 2010. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important community and nosocomial pathogen in developed countries but data regarding the importance of rsv in developing countries are relatively scarce. | 2015 | 25702707 |
| host proteome correlates of vaccine-mediated enhanced disease in a mouse model of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants. despite over 50 years of research, to date no safe and efficacious rsv vaccine has been licensed. many experimental vaccination strategies failed to induce balanced t-helper (th) responses and were associated with adverse effects such as hypersensitivity and immunopathology upon challenge. in this study, we explored the well-established recombinant vaccinia virus (rvv) rsv-f/rsv-g vaccination ... | 2015 | 25694607 |
| intranasal administration of maleic anhydride-modified human serum albumin for pre-exposure prophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of pediatric viral respiratory tract infections. neither vaccine nor effective antiviral therapy is available to prevent and treat rsv infection. palivizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody, is the only product approved to prevent serious rsv infection, but its high cost is prohibitive in low-income countries. here, we aimed to identify an effective, safe, and affordable antiviral agent for pre-exposure prophylaxis (prep) of rsv infection i ... | 2015 | 25690799 |
| high prevalence of common respiratory viruses and no evidence of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus in hajj pilgrims returning to ghana, 2013. | the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) emerged in 2012 on the arabian peninsula and has caused severe respiratory disease with more than 800 laboratory-confirmed cases. the return of infected pilgrims to their home countries with a putative spread of mers-cov necessitates further surveillance. | 2015 | 25688471 |
| contributing and terminating factors of a large rsv outbreak in an adult hematology and transplant unit. | in january 2012, an increase of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections on an adult hematology and transplant unit in a german university hospital was detected. we investigated the outbreak to assess its timing and extent and to identify risk factors for transmission. | 2014 | 25687181 |
| chemotherapy of respiratory syncytial virus infections: the final breakthrough. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is the leading cause of hospitalisation for children under 5 years of age and causes excess mortality in the elderly. there is still no approved vaccine available, although the disease can be curtailed by rsv-specific monoclonal antibody. the only antiviral drug approved for the treatment of rsv infection is ribavirin aerosol, but this treatment is cumbersome and its efficacy is questionable. a new antiviral, gs-5806, which interferes with virus-cell f ... | 2015 | 25684638 |
| initiation and regulation of paramyxovirus transcription and replication. | the paramyxovirus family has a genome consisting of a single strand of negative sense rna. this genome acts as a template for two distinct processes: transcription to generate subgenomic, capped and polyadenylated mrnas, and genome replication. these viruses only encode one polymerase. thus, an intriguing question is, how does the viral polymerase initiate and become committed to either transcription or replication? by answering this we can begin to understand how these two processes are regulat ... | 2015 | 25683441 |
| prospective comparison of rt-pcr/esi-ms to prodesse proflu plus and cepheid genxpert for the detection of influenza a and b viruses. | rt-pcr/esi-ms has previously demonstrated the capability to detect and identify respiratory viral pathogens in nasopharyngeal swabs. this study expands on previous research by performing a prospective evaluation of rt-pcr/esi-ms to detect and identify influenza a and b viruses compared to prodesse proflu plus and combined proflu plus and cepheid xpert flu. proflu plus was also used as a gold standard for comparison for respiratory syncytial virus detection. using proflu plus as a gold standard, ... | 2015 | 25681525 |
| epidemiology and virology of acute respiratory infections during the first year of life: a birth cohort study in vietnam. | understanding viral etiology and age-specific incidence of acute respiratory infections in infants can help identify risk groups and inform vaccine delivery, but community-based data is lacking from tropical settings. | 2015 | 25674708 |
| dimerization of matrix protein is required for budding of respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infects epithelial cells of the respiratory tract and is a major cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children and the elderly. the virus assembles and buds through the plasma membrane, forming elongated membrane filaments, but details of how this happens remain obscure. oligomerization of the matrix protein (m) is a key step in the process of assembly and infectious virus production. in addition, it was suggested to affect the conformation of the fusion prot ... | 2015 | 25673702 |
| prevalence and incidence of respiratory syncytial virus and other respiratory viral infections in children aged 6 months to 10 years with influenza-like illness enrolled in a randomized trial. | the high burden of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-associated morbidity and mortality makes vaccine development a priority. | 2015 | 25673560 |
| molecular epidemiology of the human rhinovirus infection in mongolia during 2008-2013. | rhinovirus infections are common in all age groups world-wide, and they occur throughout the year. in this study, we examined 2,689 nasopharyngeal swabs collected in mongolia during 2008-2013. human rhinoviruses (hrvs) were detected in 295 (11.0%) samples, and 85 (28.8%) patients were co-infected with other respiratory viruses. hrv was co-detected with bocavirus, human coronavirus, and respiratory syncytial virus in 21 (24.7%), 17 (20.0%), and 14 (16.5%), respectively. we tested 170 (57.6%) of t ... | 2015 | 25672409 |
| epigenetic control of foxp3 by smyd3 h3k4 histone methyltransferase controls itreg development and regulates pathogenic t-cell responses during pulmonary viral infection. | the generation of regulatory t (treg) cells is driven by foxp3 and is responsible for dampening inflammation and reducing autoimmunity. in this study, the epigenetic regulation of inducible treg (itreg) cells was examined and an h3k4 histone methyltransferase, smyd3 (set and mynd domain 3), which regulates the expression of foxp3 by a tgfβ1/smad3 (transforming growth factor-β1/smad3)-dependent mechanism, was identified. using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, smyd3 depletion led to a reducti ... | 2015 | 25669152 |
| deficiency of autophagy protein map1-lc3b mediates il-17-dependent lung pathology during respiratory viral infection via er stress-associated il-1. | while recent studies suggest that interleukin (il)-1β production is modulated by macroautophagy or sensors of endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress upon pro-inflammatory insult, autophagy and il-1β production during viral infection has not been fully investigated. this was addressed using respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), which is associated with lung immunopathology, il-1, and il-17a secretion in severely infected patients. mice deficient in the autophagy-associated protein map1-lc3b (lc3b(-/-)) d ... | 2015 | 25669150 |
| discovery of 4'-chloromethyl-2'-deoxy-3',5'-di-o-isobutyryl-2'-fluorocytidine (als-8176), a first-in-class rsv polymerase inhibitor for treatment of human respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading pathogen of childhood and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. to date, ribavirin is the only approved small molecule drug, which has limited use. the only other rsv drug is palivizumab, a monoclonal antibody, which is used for rsv prophylaxis. clearly, there is an urgent need for small molecule rsv drugs. this article reports the design, synthesis, anti-rsv activity, metabolism, and pharmacokinetics of a series of 4'-substituted ... | 2015 | 25667954 |
| recent vaccine development for human metapneumovirus. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and respiratory syncytial virus, its close family member, are two major causes of lower respiratory tract infection in the paediatric population. hmpv is also a common cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients and older adults. repeated infections occur often, demonstrating a heavy medical burden. however, there is currently no hmpv-specific prevention treatment. this review focuses on the current literature on hmpv vaccine development. ... | 2015 | 25667325 |
| prospective and retrospective evaluation of the cepheid xpert® flu/rsv xc assay for rapid detection of influenza a, influenza b, and respiratory syncytial virus. | a total of 281 clinical specimens (nasal swabs and nasopharyngeal aspirates) were tested with the xpert® flu/rsv xc. the results were compared to those obtained with the real-time retro transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assays routinely used in our laboratory. the xpert® flu/rsv xc showed sensitivity/specificity of 97.8%/100% and 97.9%/100% for flu and respiratory syncytial virus, respectively. | 2015 | 25662018 |
| an attraction-repulsion point process model for respiratory syncytial virus infections. | how is the progression of a virus influenced by properties intrinsic to individual cells? we address this question by studying the susceptibility of cells infected with two strains of the human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv-a and rsv-b) in an in vitro experiment. spatial patterns of infected cells give us insight into how local conditions influence susceptibility to the virus. we observe a complicated attraction and repulsion behavior, a tendency for infected cells to lump together or remain ... | 2015 | 25660222 |
| ginseng protects against respiratory syncytial virus by modulating multiple immune cells and inhibiting viral replication. | ginseng has been used in humans for thousands of years but its effects on viral infection have not been well understood. we investigated the effects of red ginseng extract (rge) on respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection using in vitro cell culture and in vivo mouse models. rge partially protected human epithelial (hep2) cells from rsv-induced cell death and viral replication. in addition, rge significantly inhibited the production of rsv-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine (tnf-α) in murine d ... | 2015 | 25658239 |
| children with hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease can be identified through population-based registers. | epidemiological research is facilitated in sweden by a history of national health care registers, making large unselected national cohort studies possible. however, for complex clinical populations, such as children with congenital heart disease (chd), register-based studies are challenged by registration limitations. for example, the diagnostic code system international classification of diseases, 10th version (icd-10) does not indicate the clinical significance of abnormalities, therefore may ... | 2015 | 25657596 |
| high-throughput hit screening cascade to identify respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) inhibitors. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infects 99% of children by age 2 years and is a leading cause of serious lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) and infant hospitalization in the united kingdom. identification of efficacious rsv therapeutics has been hindered by the lack of a robust and appropriate primary assay for high-throughput screening (hts). here we report an hts cascade that identified inhibitors of rsv replication using a robust rsv replicon luminescence-reporter assay for the primar ... | 2015 | 25656237 |
| fine mapping and characterization of the l-polymerase-binding domain of the respiratory syncytial virus phosphoprotein. | the minimum requirement for an active rna-dependent rna polymerase of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a complex made of two viral proteins, the polymerase large protein (l) and the phosphoprotein (p). here we have investigated the domain on p that is responsible for this critical p-l interaction. by use of recombinant proteins and serial deletions, an l binding site was mapped in the c-terminal region of p, just upstream of the n-rna binding site. the role of this molecular recognition elem ... | 2015 | 25653447 |
| respiratory syncytial virus outbreak in the basic military training camp of the republic of korea air force. | an outbreak of acute febrile illness occurred in the republic of korea air force boot camp from may to july 2011. an epidemiological investigation of the causative agent, which was of a highly infective nature, was conducted. | 2015 | 25652706 |
| mmp-12-mediated by sarm-trif signaling pathway contributes to ifn-γ-independent airway inflammation and ahr post rsv infection in nude mice. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is one of the most frequently observed pathogens during infancy and childhood. however, the corresponding pathogenesis has not been determined to date. we previously demonstrated that ifn-γ plays an important role in rsv pathogenesis, and sarm-trif-signaling pathway could regulate the production of ifn-γ. this study is to investigate whether t cells or innate immune cells are the predominant producers of ifn-γ, and further to explore other culprits in addition t ... | 2015 | 25652021 |
| genetic variability in g2 and f2 region between biological clones of human respiratory syncytial virus with or without host immune selection pressure. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is an important respiratory pathogens among children between zero-five years old. host immunity and viral genetic variability are important factors that can make vaccine production difficult. in this work, differences between biological clones of hrsv were detected in clinical samples in the absence and presence of serum collected from children in the convalescent phase of the illness and from their biological mothers. viral clones were selected by plaque ... | 2015 | 25650769 |
| respiratory syncytial virus seasonality in tropical australia. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is most common during the rainy season in a number of low- to middle-income tropical settings, a pattern driven by seasonal changes in climate and nutrition. we investigated the seasonality of rsv in the high-income tropical setting of north queensland, australia. | 2015 | 25648729 |
| respiratory syncytial virus, adenoviruses, and mixed acute lower respiratory infections in children in a developing country. | there is growing evidence suggesting greater severity and worse outcomes in children with mixed as compared to single respiratory virus infections. however, studies that assess the risk factors that may predispose a child to a mixture of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and adenoviral infections, are scarce. in a retrospective cohort study, the study investigated the epidemiology of rsv and adenovirus infections and predictors of mixed rsv-adenoviral infections in young children hospitalized wi ... | 2015 | 25648409 |
| interleukin-23 facilitates th1 and th2 cell differentiation in vitro following respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection induces activation and imbalance of the immune system; however, the role of t helper 17 cells (th17) in the response to rsv infection remains unclear. interleukin-23 (il-23) is a key cytokine in th17 cell differentiation. the aim of this study was to explore the function of il-23 in determining the distribution of th lymphocyte subsets (th1, th2, and th17) after rsv infection in vitro. human bronchial epithelial cell line beas-2b was infected with mock ... | 2015 | 25648104 |
| a multicenter outcomes analysis of children with severe rhino/enteroviral respiratory infection. | to investigate the impact of human rhino/enteroviruses on morbidity and mortality outcomes in children with severe viral respiratory infection. | 2015 | 25647121 |
| scop3d: three-dimensional visualization of sequence conservation. | the integration of a protein's structure with its known sequence variation provides insight on how that protein evolves, for instance in terms of (changing) function or immunogenicity. yet, collating the corresponding sequence variants into a multiple sequence alignment, calculating each position's conservation, and mapping this information back onto a relevant structure is not straightforward. we therefore built the sequence conservation on protein 3d structure (scop3d) tool to perform these ta ... | 2015 | 25641949 |
| the respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein formulated with a novel combination adjuvant induces balanced immune responses in lambs with maternal antibodies. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes severe respiratory illness in infants. there are no licensed vaccines to prevent rsv infection. the neonate receives short-term protection from maternally derived antibodies, which, however, can also interfere with the active response to vaccination. a rsv vaccine consisting of a truncated version of the fusion protein formulated with polyi:c, innate defense regulator peptide and polyphosphazene (δf/triadj), was evaluated in two to three week-old lambs. w ... | 2015 | 25637860 |
| heparin octasaccharide decoy liposomes inhibit replication of multiple viruses. | heparan sulfate (hs) is a ubiquitous glycosaminoglycan that serves as a cellular attachment site for a number of significant human pathogens, including respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), human parainfluenza virus 3 (hpiv3), and herpes simplex virus (hsv). decoy receptors can target pathogens by binding to the receptor pocket on viral attachment proteins, acting as 'molecular sinks' and preventing the pathogen from binding to susceptible host cells. decoy receptors functionalized with hs could bi ... | 2015 | 25637710 |
| what is respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)? | 2015 | 25635497 | |
| the viral transcription group determines the hla class i cellular immune response against human respiratory syncytial virus. | the cytotoxic t-lymphocyte-mediated killing of virus-infected cells requires previous recognition of short viral antigenic peptides bound to human leukocyte antigen class i molecules that are exposed on the surface of infected cells. the cytotoxic t-lymphocyte response is critical for the clearance of human respiratory syncytial virus infection. in this study, naturally processed viral human leukocyte antigen class i ligands were identified with mass spectrometry analysis of complex human leukoc ... | 2015 | 25635267 |
| modeling human respiratory viral infections in the cotton rat (sigmodon hispidus). | for over three decades, cotton rats have been a preferred model for human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and pathogenesis, and a reliable model for an impressive list of human respiratory pathogens including adenoviruses, para influenza virus, measles, and human metapneumo virus. the most significant contribution of the cotton rat to biomedical research has been the development of anti-rsv antibodies for prophylactic use in high-risk infants. more recently, however, the cotton rat m ... | 2014 | 25635205 |
| [regulation of jinxin oral liquid for the expression of negative regulatory factor of tlr3 signaling pathway socs1 in rsv infected balb/c mice]. | to investigate the regulation trend of jinxin oral liquid (jxol) on the expression of negative regulatory factor of tlr3 signaling pathway socs1 in the lung tissue of rsv infected balb/c mice at different time points. | 2014 | 25632753 |
| respiratory syncytial virus induces indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity: a potential novel role in the development of allergic disease. | infants that develop severe bronchiolitis due to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are at increased risk of developing asthma later in life. we investigated a potential immunological mechanism for the association between rsv and the development of allergic inflammation. the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (ido) has been reported to induce selective apoptosis of t helper 1 (th1) cells and contributed to th2-biased immune responses. | 2015 | 25627660 |
| clinical presentation and microbiological diagnosis in paediatric respiratory tract infection: a systematic review. | antibiotic prescribing decisions for respiratory tract infection (rti) in primary care could be improved if clinicians could target bacterial infections. however, there are currently no evidence-based diagnostic rules to identify microbial aetiology in children presenting with acute rtis. | 2015 | 25624310 |
| coxiella burnetii seroprevalence and associated risk factors in dairy and mixed cattle farms from ecuador. | q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by coxiella burnetii, a bacterial agent for which ruminants are the main reservoir. an extensive cross-sectional study to determine the seroprevalence of and associated risk factors for q fever was performed in dairy and mixed (dairy-beef) cattle herds in ecuador. a total of 2668 serum samples from 386 herds were analyzed using an elisa. in addition, a questionnaire with 57 variables related to management, feeding, facilities, biosecurity and animal health wa ... | 2015 | 25623969 |
| respiratory pathogens in québec dairy calves and their relationship with clinical status, lung consolidation, and average daily gain. | bovine respiratory disease (brd) is 1 of the 2 most important causes of morbidity and mortality in dairy calves. surprisingly, field data are scant concerning the prevalence of respiratory pathogens involved in brd in preweaned dairy calves, especially in small herds. | 2015 | 25619524 |
| incidence of viral infection detected by pcr and real-time pcr in childhood community-acquired pneumonia: a meta-analysis. | several studies examining the incidence of viral infection in childhood community-acquired pneumonia (cap) utilizing polymerase chain reaction (pcr) or real-time pcr methods have been reported. we systematically searched pubmed and embase for studies reporting the incidence of respiratory viral infection in childhood cap. the pooled incidences of viral infection were calculated with a random-effects model. sources of heterogeneity were explored by subgroup analysis and a univariant metaregressio ... | 2015 | 25615588 |
| local evolutionary patterns of human respiratory syncytial virus derived from whole-genome sequencing. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is associated with severe childhood respiratory infections. a clear description of local rsv molecular epidemiology, evolution, and transmission requires detailed sequence data and can inform new strategies for virus control and vaccine development. we have generated 27 complete or nearly complete genomes of rsv from hospitalized children attending a rural coastal district hospital in kilifi, kenya, over a 10-year period using a novel full-genome deep-sequ ... | 2015 | 25609811 |
| bronchiolitis associated with mycoplasma pneumoniae in infants in suzhou china between 2010 and 2012. | viruses cause most cases of bronchiolitis in infants; consequently the importance of other agents such as mycoplasma pneumoniae (mp) in the etiology of bronchiolitis may not be fully recognized. we investigated the prevalence and seasonal distribution of bronchiolitis caused by mp in 674 children admitted to the children's hospital affiliated with soochow university from january 2010 to december 2012. the presence of mp was confirmed by real-time pcr. during the 3 years, we identified mp in 17.2 ... | 2015 | 25597274 |
| is virus coinfection a predictor of severity in children with viral respiratory infections? | molecular assays have resulted in increased detection of viral respiratory infections, including virus coinfection, from children with acute respiratory infections. yet the clinical severity of virus coinfection compared to single virus infection remains uncertain. we performed a retrospective study of children presenting with acute respiratory infections comparing clinical severity of single respiratory virus infection to virus coinfection, detected on midturbinate swabs by molecular assays. pa ... | 2015 | 25596778 |
| diagnosis of community-acquired acute respiratory illness: from conventional microbiological methods to molecular detection (multiplex). | investigations of the etiologic agents of community-acquired acute respiratory illness may lead to better treatment decisions and patient outcomes. in a routine care setting, we assessed the diagnostic performance of a multiplex pcr assay with respect to conventional microbiological methods, in a continuous series of adult cases of community-acquired acute respiratory illness. we enrolled 279 adult patients hospitalised for community-acquired acute respiratory illness at tours university hospita ... | 2015 | 25596173 |
| children with down syndrome are high-risk for severe respiratory syncytial virus disease. | to assess down syndrome as an independent risk factor for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) hospitalization in children younger than 3 years of age and to evaluate illness severity. | 2015 | 25596098 |
| unity in diversity: shared mechanism of entry among paramyxoviruses. | the paramyxoviridae family includes many viruses that are pathogenic in humans, including parainfluenza viruses, measles virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and the emerging zoonotic henipaviruses. no effective treatments are currently available for these viruses, and there is a need for efficient antiviral therapies. paramyxoviruses enter the target cell by binding to a cell surface receptor and then fusing the viral envelope with the target cell membrane, allowing the release of the viral geno ... | 2015 | 25595799 |
| 1,2,3,9b-tetrahydro-5h-imidazo[2,1-a]isoindol-5-ones as a new class of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion inhibitors. part 2: identification of bta9881 as a preclinical candidate. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of respiratory tract infections in infants, young children and adults. 1,2,3,9b-tetrahydro-5h-imidazo[2,1-a]isoindol-5-ones with general structure 1 were previously identified as promising inhibitors of rsv targeting the fusion glycoprotein. in particular, the introduction of a nitrogen at the 8-position of the tricyclic core yielded lead compounds 2 and 3. extensive exploration of the r(2) group established that certain heterocyclic amides conf ... | 2015 | 25595685 |
| the discovery of 1,2,3,9b-tetrahydro-5h-imidazo[2,1-a]isoindol-5-ones as a new class of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion inhibitors. part 1. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of respiratory tract infections in infants, young children and adults. compound 1a (9b-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(4-fluorobenzoyl)-1,2,3,9b-tetrahydro-5h-imidazo[2,1-a]isoindol-5-one) was identified as an inhibitor of a and b strains of rsv targeting the fusion glycoprotein. sar was developed by systematic exploration of the phenyl (r(1)) and benzoyl (r(2)) groups. furthermore, introduction of a nitrogen at the 8-position of the tricyclic core resulted ... | 2015 | 25595682 |
| antiviral effects of jinxin oral liquid against respiratory syncytial virus infection in the balb/c mice model. | jinxin oral liquid (jol) is used in traditional chinese medicine (tcm) to treat influenza, cough, asthma, and viral pneumonia, on the basis of ma xing shi gan tang (mxsgt) and the clinical experience of professor wang shouchuan, one of the most prestigious pediatricians in china. | 2015 | 25593018 |
| relationship between meteorological conditions and respiratory syncytial virus in a tropical country. | this study aimed to determine which meteorological conditions are associated with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) isolates in a population of children hospitalized with acute lower respiratory infection (alri) in bogota, colombia. in an analytical cross-sectional study, links were examined between the number of monthly rsv infections and monthly average climatic variation (temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, wind speed, solar radiation) between 1 january 2010 and 30 april 2011 in a popul ... | 2015 | 25591796 |
| relationships among dissemination of primary parainfluenza virus infection in the respiratory tract, mucosal and peripheral immune responses, and protection from reinfection: a noninvasive bioluminescence-imaging study. | respiratory paramyxoviruses such as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human parainfluenza virus type 1 (hpiv1) to hpiv4 infect virtually all children by the age of 2 to 5 years, leading to partial but incomplete protection from reinfection. here, we used luciferase-expressing reporter sendai viruses (the murine counterpart of hpiv1) to noninvasively measure primary infection, immune responses, and protection from reinfection by either a lethal challenge or natural transmission in living mice ... | 2015 | 25589649 |
| demographic buffering: titrating the effects of birth rate and imperfect immunity on epidemic dynamics. | host demography can alter the dynamics of infectious disease. in the case of perfectly immunizing infections, observations of strong sensitivity to demographic variation have been mechanistically explained through analysis of the susceptible-infected-recovered (sir) model that assumes lifelong immunity following recovery from infection. when imperfect immunity is incorporated into this framework via the susceptible-infected-recovered-susceptible (sirs) model, with individuals regaining full susc ... | 2015 | 25589567 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of strictosamide derivatives with improved antiviral and antiproliferative activities. | a series of novel derivatives of strictosamide were synthesized and biologically evaluated. most of the new compounds exhibited improved activities than the parent compound strictosamide. among them, compounds ib and if possessed antiviral activities against influenza a virus (a/jinan/15/90) with ic50 values of 4.12 and 12.35 μg/ml, respectively. compound ie possessed antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) with an ic50 value of 9.58 μg/ml. both compounds iic and iid had mod ... | 2015 | 25589048 |
| respiratory viral infections and subversion of cellular antioxidant defenses. | reactive oxygen species (ros) formation is part of normal cellular aerobic metabolism, due to respiration and oxidation of nutrients in order to generate energy. low levels of ros are involved in cellular signaling and are well controlled by the cellular antioxidant defense system. elevated levels of ros generation due to pollutants, toxins and radiation exposure, as well as infections, are associated with oxidative stress causing cellular damage. several respiratory viruses, including respirato ... | 2014 | 25584194 |
| evaluation of novel second-generation rsv and influenza rapid tests at the point of care. | acute respiratory infections represent common pediatric emergencies. infection control warrants immediate and accurate diagnoses. in the past, first-generation respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) rapid tests (strip tests) have shown suboptimal sensitivities. in 2013, the food and drug administration licensed a second-generation rsv rapid test providing user-independent readouts (sofia™-rsv) using automated fluorescence assay technology known to yield superior results with influenza rapid testing. ... | 2015 | 25583129 |
| bovine respiratory syncytial virus and bovine coronavirus in swedish organic and conventional dairy herds. | infections with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) and bovine coronavirus (bocv) are endemic to the cattle populations in most countries, causing respiratory and/or enteric disease. it has been demonstrated that herds can remain free from these infections for several years also in high prevalence areas. organically managed (om) dairy herds have been shown to have lower seroprevalence of both viruses compared to conventionally managed (cm) herds. the objective of this study was to challeng ... | 2015 | 25582919 |
| vaccines 'on demand': science fiction or a future reality. | self-amplifying mrna vaccines are being developed as a platform technology with potential to be used for a broad range of targets. the synthetic production methods for their manufacture, combined with the modern tools of bioinformatics and synthetic biology, enable these vaccines to be produced rapidly from an electronic gene sequence. preclinical proof of concept has so far been achieved for influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, rabies, ebola, cytomegalovirus, human immunodeficiency virus and ... | 2015 | 25582273 |
| recent advances in the management of acute bronchiolitis. | acute bronchiolitis is characterized by acute wheezing in infants or children and is associated with signs or symptoms of respiratory infection; it is rarely symptomatic in adults and the most common etiologic agent is respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). usually it does not require investigation, treatment is merely supportive and a conservative approach seems adequate in the majority of children, especially for the youngest ones (<3 months); however, clinical scoring systems have been proposed a ... | 2014 | 25580257 |
| discovery of an oral respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion inhibitor (gs-5806) and clinical proof of concept in a human rsv challenge study. | gs-5806 is a novel, orally bioavailable rsv fusion inhibitor discovered following a lead optimization campaign on a screening hit. the oral absorption properties were optimized by converting to the pyrazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine heterocycle, while potency, metabolic, and physicochemical properties were optimized by introducing the para-chloro and aminopyrrolidine groups. a mean ec50 = 0.43 nm was found toward a panel of 75 rsv a and b clinical isolates and dose-dependent antiviral efficacy in the co ... | 2015 | 25574686 |
| the role of tlr4 and cd14 polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in greek infants. | clinical manifestations of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection vary from minimal disease to severe acute bronchiolitis. the structural complex of tlr4/cd14 participates in the virus recognition as a component of natural immune response. genetic variations of tlr4/cd14 may explain great variations in disease severity. the aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of polymorphisms of tlr4, asp299gly and thr399ile and cd14, c-159t and c-550t in the development of rsv bronchioli ... | 2015 | 25572736 |
| a passive quantitative measurement of airway resistance using depth data. | the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of serious lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children. rsv often causes increased airway resistance, clinically detected as wheezing by chest auscultation. in this disease, expiratory flows are significantly reduced due to the high resistance in patient's airway passages. a quantitative method for measuring resistance can have a great benefit to diagnosis and management of children with rsv infections as well as ... | 2014 | 25571300 |
| environmental drivers of the spatiotemporal dynamics of respiratory syncytial virus in the united states. | epidemics of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are known to occur in wintertime in temperate countries including the united states, but there is a limited understanding of the importance of climatic drivers in determining the seasonality of rsv. in the united states, rsv activity is highly spatially structured, with seasonal peaks beginning in florida in november through december and ending in the upper midwest in february-march, and prolonged disease activity in the southeastern us. using data ... | 2015 | 25569275 |
| identification and characterization of the binding site of the respiratory syncytial virus phosphoprotein to rna-free nucleoprotein. | the rna genome of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is constitutively encapsidated by the viral nucleoprotein n, thus forming a helical nucleocapsid. polymerization of n along the genomic and antigenomic rnas is concomitant to replication and requires the preservation of an unassembled monomeric nucleoprotein pool. to this end, and by analogy with paramyxoviridae and rhabdoviridae, it is expected that the viral phosphoprotein p acts as a chaperone protein, forming a soluble complex with the rna- ... | 2015 | 25568210 |
| use of palivizumab is underestimated in the swedish prescribed drug register - implications for register-based drug studies. | register studies are a valuable tool, when monitoring the safety of drugs. the swedish prescribed drug register (pdr) was established in 2005 and keeps records of all prescribed drugs dispensed in community pharmacies. drugs prescribed in-hospital are not registered on an individual level, which may hamper the validity of register-based studies on drugs potentially administered in-hospital. | 2015 | 25565893 |
| [palivizumab: four seasons in russia]. | in 2010, the russian federation (rf) registered palivizumab--innovative drug, based on monoclonal antibodies for passive immunization of seasonal respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in children of disease severe progress risk group, which include primarily premature infants, children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease. currently, palivizumab is included in the list of recommended medicines and medical care standards of different count ... | 2014 | 25563005 |
| association between respiratory syncytial virus activity and pneumococcal disease in infants: a time series analysis of us hospitalization data. | the importance of bacterial infections following respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) remains unclear. we evaluated whether variations in rsv epidemic timing and magnitude are associated with variations in pneumococcal disease epidemics and whether changes in pneumococcal disease following the introduction of seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv7) were associated with changes in the rate of hospitalizations coded as rsv. | 2015 | 25562317 |
| phosphatidylinositol inhibits respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infects nearly all children under age 2, and reinfection occurs throughout life, seriously impacting adults with chronic pulmonary diseases. recent data demonstrate that the anionic pulmonary surfactant lipid phosphatidylglycerol (pg) exerts a potent antiviral effect against rsv in vitro and in vivo. phosphatidylinositol (pi) is also an anionic pulmonary surfactant phospholipid, and we tested its antiviral activity. pi liposomes completely suppress interleukin-8 ... | 2015 | 25561461 |
| surveillance of acute respiratory infections in mumbai during 2011-12. | acute respiratory infections (aris) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in individuals aged less than 5 years. ari often leads to hospitalisation, and it has been indicated that causative viral and bacterial infections go undetermined and results in the occurrence of resistant strains. the objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of various viral and bacterial infections in patients with aris. | 2015 | 25560001 |
| a cost-benefit analysis of the immunisation of children against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) using the english hospital episode statistics (hes) data set. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of respiratory infection that is highly prevalent in infants, particularly those with underlying medical conditions. severe cases of rsv require hospitalisation as well as admission to intensive care and may even result in death. the objective of the study was to measure the net benefits that could arise from an immunisation programme of infants that may well eradicate rsv to a high degree and save the direct and indirect medical care costs fro ... | 2015 | 25557555 |
| new host factors important for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) replication revealed by a novel microfluidics screen for interactors of matrix (m) protein. | although human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and elderly worldwide, there is no licensed rsv vaccine or effective drug treatment available. the rsv matrix protein plays key roles in virus life cycle, being found in the nucleus early in infection in a transcriptional inhibitory role, and later localizing in viral inclusion bodies before coordinating viral assembly and budding at the plasma membrane. in this study, we used a no ... | 2015 | 25556234 |
| tlr4 genotype and environmental lps mediate rsv bronchiolitis through th2 polarization. | while 30%-70% of rsv-infected infants develop bronchiolitis, 2% require hospitalization. it is not clear why disease severity differs among healthy, full-term infants; however, virus titers, inflammation, and th2 bias are proposed explanations. while tlr4 is associated with these disease phenotypes, the role of this receptor in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) pathogenesis is controversial. here, we evaluated the interaction between tlr4 and environmental factors in rsv disease and defined the ... | 2015 | 25555213 |
| immunology of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in calves. | bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) is an important cause of respiratory disease in young calves. the virus is genetically and antigenically closely related to human (h)rsv, which is a major cause of respiratory disease in young infants. as a natural pathogen of calves, brsv infection recapitulates the pathogenesis of respiratory disease in man more faithfully than semi-permissive, animal models of hrsv infection. with the increasing availability of immunological reagents, the calf can be ... | 2015 | 25553595 |
| recombinant influenza virus carrying the conserved domain of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) g protein confers protection against rsv without inflammatory disease. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is one of the most important causes for viral lower respiratory tract disease in humans. there is no licensed rsv vaccine. here, we generated recombinant influenza viruses (pr8/rsv.ha-g) carrying the chimeric constructs of hemagglutinin (ha) and central conserved-domains of the rsv g protein. pr8/rsv.ha-g virus showed lower pathogenicity without compromising immunogenicity in mice. single intranasal inoculation of mice with pr8/rsv.ha-g induced igg2a isotype dom ... | 2015 | 25553517 |
| effect of cleaning and disinfection of toys on infectious diseases and micro-organisms in daycare nurseries. | the rising number of children in daycare nurseries increases opportunities for the transmission of infectious diseases. pathogens may be transmitted directly from child to child via sneezing, coughing and touching, or indirectly via the environment. toys are among the fomites with the highest pathogen load, but their role in disease transmission is unknown. | 2015 | 25549827 |