Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| lymphatic filariasis in a recently described endemic area in marinduque, philippines. | marinduque has never been considered endemic for filariasis. the disease was suspected when a high incidence of scrotal enlargement was noted in three villages. on april 25-26, 1991, a field survey was conducted in these villages. the objectives were: 1) to confirm the existence of filariasis, 2) to determine its age and sex distribution, 3) to gain insights on its prevalence and on the periodicity of the parasite. daytime and nocturnal blood films were collected from both sexes aged 5 years and ... | 1993 | 7973939 |
| current status of filariasis in malaysia. | the filariasis control program was established more than 30 years ago in the country and the disease is still a public health problem in some states. since 1983, a total of 17 filariasis control teams were formed throughout the country to carry out filariasis control work. the teams conduct house and population censuses, nocturnal mass blood surveys and treatment of microscopically confirmed cases. individual case follow-up is being carried out after 3-5 months while the locality is resurveyed a ... | 1993 | 7973937 |
| bancroftian filariasis-differential reactivity of anti-sheath antibodies in microfilariae carriers. | anti-sheath antibodies have been detected using an immunofluorescent assay (ifat) in the sera of microfilariae carriers (as cases) residing in areas endemic for bancroftian filariasis. microfilariae (mf) of wuchereria bancrofti purified from five different mf carriers were used separately as antigen to identify anti-sheath antibodies. the reactivity of sera from as cases to mf sheath was found to be variable to the five different mf preparations. while as high as 25% of the sera reacted with mf ... | 1994 | 7970869 |
| antifilarial igg4 antibodies in children from filaria-endemic areas correlate with duration of infection and are dissociated from antifilarial ige antibodies. | to investigate the relationship of antifilarial igg4 and ige to the intensity of transmission and duration of filarial infections in endemic populations, antifilarial antibody levels in children residing in a village in papua new guinea where transmission of wuchereria bancrofti was reduced by repeated insecticide spraying were compared with levels in residents of three nearby villages where no control measures had been used. antifilarial igg4 levels were significantly lower in children from the ... | 1994 | 7963742 |
| prevalence of bancroftian filariasis in burdwan district, west bengal: a comparative study between colliery and non-colliery areas. | the present study reports results of a survey of bancroftian filariasis in burdwan district west bengal. 85,974 persons were examined of which 46,221 were inhabitants of the colliery areas of the district and rest 39,753 were from non-colliery areas, including urban and rural areas of the district. the clinicopositivity, endemicity, microfilaria(mf)-positivity, mf-clinicopositivity, and mf-density were determined. it was found that all these epidemiological and parasitological parameters were si ... | 1994 | 7963386 |
| evidence of sex variations in microfilaraemia and fluorescent antibody titre level at puberty in a bancroftian filariasis endemic area. | 1101 children and young adults between 2 and 17 years age, residing in bancroftian filariasis endemic area of the jharia coalfields in bihar, were examined by indirect immunofluorescent test (iift) against dipetalonema vitae. the results, along with those of two night blood surveys conducted in the same area, covering 2148 and 2246 persons respectively, are reported. in the prepubertal age groups there was no statistically significant variation in the percentage of children showing positive anti ... | 1994 | 7963382 |
| advances in the diagnosis of human lymphatic filariases: a review. | the nematode parasites wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi and b. timori are the causative agents of human lymphatic filariasis. of the estimated 90 million infections world-wide, w. bancrofti is responsible for over 80 million cases and is the only known aetiologic agent in the african region. numbers of infected persons are on the increase world-wide due to rural-urban migrations which result in mushrooming of shanty towns often encouraging formation of favourable mosquito breeding-sites. deve ... | 1994 | 7956865 |
| cloning and characterization of a repetitive dna sequence specific for wuchereria bancrofti. | a genomic library constructed in a bacteriophage lambda replacement vector (embl3) with wuchereria bancrofti dna partially digested with sau 3a i was screened with 32p-labeled w. bancrofti total dna, and a strongly reactive recombinant, embl3wb34, was isolated. this clone contained an approximately 16-kb insert that showed some cross-hybridization with brugia malayi and b. pahangi dna. however, a 969-bp subclone from embl3wb34, designated pwb12, hybridized only with w. bancrofti dna and was able ... | 1994 | 7943578 |
| microscopic visualization of wuchereria and brugia larval stages in intact cleared mosquitoes. | over the past several decades, epidemiologic data from filarial vectors typically has been obtained by mass dissection or by dissection of individual specimens. the former is quick and easy to do on large numbers of insects but provides no information on the frequency distribution of infection, presence of early developmental stages, or larval location; the latter is labor-intensive and tedious. we describe a new technique that can provide data comparable to those obtained by individual dissecti ... | 1994 | 7943576 |
| age-specific prevalence of antigenemia in a wuchereria bancrofti-exposed population. | antigen detection assays serve as a useful adjunct to blood examinations for studies of filariasis, in terms of the diagnostic and epidemiologic information provided. we examined the utility of the og4c3 antigen detection enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for field studies and analyzed the distribution of wuchereria bancrofti antigenemia in a haitian population. using serum samples collected following venipuncture, antigenemia levels were correlated with microfilaremia (p < 0.001). the microfila ... | 1994 | 7943556 |
| a polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of brugia malayi in blood. | there is need for sensitive, rapid, species-specific diagnosis of brugia filarial parasites because traditional methods are tedious and time-consuming, with little guarantee of species specificity. a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based assay was developed using the hha i family of highly repeated dna sequences from brugia. the assay was tested on 124 human blood samples collected in a field study in indonesia. these included 66 microfilaria-positive samples from patients in an area endemic for ... | 1994 | 7943550 |
| changes in anti-filarial antibody after control of filariasis in shandong province. | the changes in anti-filarial antibody level at different periods in different population groups of various controlled areas were studied by indirect fluorescent antibody test (ift) using frozen sections of brugia malayi adult worms as antigen. the positive rates by ifat in formerly hyper-, moderate- and low-endemic areas decreased to the level as those in non-endemic areas 15, 10 and 10 years respectively after the control of filariasis. in the children born after the control of filariasis, the ... | 1994 | 7924577 |
| [parasitic circulating antigens in hosts with filaria bancrofti]. | the elisa and dot-elisa with rabbit anti-setaria labial-papillosa antibody were applied to determine circulating antigens of filaria bancrofti. the total positive rate was 96% (24/25) in the sera of patients with microfilaremia from endemic areas, anhui province. the total positive rate of urines was 60% (15/25) in the same patients. the positive rates of the milks were both 100% (4/4) in the same patients. the conformity rate was 100% and 75% respectively for positive sera and urines (15 cases) ... | 1994 | 7922752 |
| long-term effect of prenatal exposure to maternal microfilaraemia on immune responsiveness to filarial parasite antigens. | to identify long-term effects of prenatal exposure to maternal filarial-parasite infection, we assessed lymphocyte responses in 21 polynesian children born 17-19 years previously to mothers diagnosed as being microfilaraemic or infection-free. all children lived on an island endemic for bancroftian filariasis but were free from infection at the time of study. while children (n = 10) of infection-free mothers responded vigorously to microfilarial antigen with lymphocyte proliferation, production ... | 1994 | 7908359 |
| "filarial" adenolymphangitis without filarial infection. | 1994 | 7906341 | |
| prevalence of lymphatic nodule in a bancroftian endemic population. | prevalence and clinical manifestation of lymphatic nodule in natural course of bancroftian filariasis was evaluated in a representative population of 2837 of a defined endemic community of orissa. detailed clinical and parasitological examination of study subjects revealed high disease (35.6%) and mf rate (15.8%) and mean microfilariae density (gm: 15.3 +/- 5.1 per 60 mm3 of blood) in the community. lymphatic filarial nodule was manifested in 216 (7.6%) subjects in different spectrum of filarial ... | 1993 | 7903138 |
| side reactions following ivermectin therapy in high density bancroftian microfilaraemics. | side reactions following ivermectin treatment were evaluated in sixty males with high density bancroftian microfilaremia (gm 1388/ml). following a single oral dose of ivermectin of different strengths (20, 50, 100 or 200 micrograms/kg), microfilariae clearance and side reactions were monitored in a double blind fashion. microfilaria levels fell rapidly after ivermectin administration in all dosage groups and 98% of pretreatment microfilariae was cleared after 12 h of treatment. the rate of micro ... | 1993 | 7903135 |
| og4c3 circulating antigen, anti-brugia malayi igg and igg4 titers in wuchereria bancrofti infected patients, according to their parasitological status. | this study involved 221 microfilaremic (mf+), 302 amicrofilaremic (mf-) antigen positive (ag+) and 1454 mf-antigen negative (ag-) individuals living in endemic villages. whatever the group considered, antigen and antibody titers were widely distributed. og4c3 antigen, detected both in mf- and mf+ patients, was significantly higher in mf+ patients. the mf parasitological status did not significantly influence the antifilarial antibodies levels in the infected ag+ individuals, although igg4 was mo ... | 1994 | 7899800 |
| double-blind controlled trial of a single dose of the combination ivermectin 400 micrograms/kg plus diethylcarbamazine 6 mg/kg for the treatment of bancroftian filariasis: results at six months. | in 1993, a three-arm double-blind controlled trial was implemented in french polynesia to compare the tolerance and efficacy of a single dose of the combination ivermectin (ivr) 400 micrograms/kg plus diethylcarbamazine (dec) 6 mg/kg vs. ivr 400 micrograms/kg alone vs. dec 6 mg/kg alone, for treatment of wuchereria bancrofti carriers. of the 57 treated male patients in whom microfilaria (mf) densities ranged from 22 to 4709 mg/ml, 3 groups of 19 were randomly selected and allocated to one of the ... | 1994 | 7886781 |
| detection of wuchereria bancrofti larvae in pools of mosquitoes by the polymerase chain reaction. | 1994 | 7886765 | |
| low positive predictive value of anti-brugia malayi igg and igg4 serology for the diagnosis of wuchereria bancrofti. | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) for anti-brugia malayi immunoglobulin (ig) g and igg4 were evaluated on sera from 1561 subjects in french polynesia for the serodiagnosis of wuchereria bancrofti filariasis, compared with the test for onchocerca gibsoni circulating antigen (og4c3) as a 'gold standard'. the sensitivity of the elisa-igg and elisa-igg4 assays was 90.8% and 94.5%, and the specificity was 45.9% and 50.7%. the positive predictive values were 41% and 45% respectively for an a ... | 1994 | 7886763 |
| filarial chyluria. | 1994 | 7875869 | |
| mass chemotherapy with diethylcarbamazine for the control of bancroftian filariasis: a twelve-year follow-up in northern trinidad, including observations on mansonella ozzardi. | a microfilaria survey was conducted in trinidad in 1992, 12 years after mass treatment with spaced doses of diethylcarbamazine citrate (dec-c) for the control of bancroftian filariasis; 348 persons were examined using thick blood smears and a membrane filtration technique. they included 104 who had participated in the mass chemotherapy campaign in 1980. no wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae were detected among 66% of the population examined. in 1980, 86 of 592 persons examined were found to be i ... | 1995 | 7872448 |
| [comparative study on three serologic tests for detecting antibodies in cases with bancroftian microfilaremia]. | a comparative study was conducted for detecting antibody levels of bancroftian microfilaremia cases by using three serologic tests, ifat, elisa and dot-elisa. a total of 102 serum specimens were collected from bancroftian microfilaremia cases. the positive rate was 89.2% (91/102) with ifat (serum dilution > or = 1:20), 84.3% (86/102) with elisa (od value > or = 0.440) and 89.2% (91/102) with dot-elisa (serum dilution > or = 1:80), respectively (p > 0.05); while in healthy individuals from non-en ... | 1994 | 7867152 |
| immunomonitoring of filarial patients during dec therapy in an endemic area: a seven-year follow-up. | a group of 27 wuchereria bancrofti infected persons from an endemic area, who had undergone treatment with diethylcarbamazine (dec), were followed for 7 years to understand its effect on microfilaraemia, immune status and on the recurrence of infection. treatment with dec was for 14 days (day 1, 1 mg kg-1 body weight, day 2, 2 mg kg-1 body weight and from day 3 onwards 6 mg kg-1 body weight) followed by one dose (6 mg kg-1 body weight) on days 360, 540 and at the end of years 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7. a ... | 1995 | 7861480 |
| use of fractionated urinary filarial antigen in the diagnosis of human filariasis. | fractionated urinary filarial antigen ufa c2 has shown high antigenic activity after absorption of urinary albumin present in the fraction. as little as 500 ag (10(-18) g) of albumin absorbed ufa c2, labelled as ufa c2-a, was found to be sufficient to detect filarial antibody. stick enzyme immunoassay to assess the immunodiagnostic potential of ufa c2-a indicated filarial igg antibody in 89% of microfilaraemic (mf) cases, 84% of clinical filariasis and 7% of endemic normals. ufa c2-a was found t ... | 1995 | 7861478 |
| in vitro cultivation of third stage larvae of wuchereria bancrofti to fourth stage: influence of some physico-chemical factors. | it has been reported that third stage larvae (l3) of wuchereria bancrofti strain from jakarta, molted to the fourth stage (l4) in vitro, in a simple culture medium supplemented with 10% human serum. in the present study, this culture medium has been used to examine the effects of some physico-chemical parameters on larval growth, development and molting of wuchereria bancrofti from india. lymph at 10% concentration enhanced the in vitro survival time of larvae. molting of larvae from l3 to l4 st ... | 1994 | 7855640 |
| filarial pleural effusion with constrictive pericarditis. | 1994 | 7851954 | |
| adult female wuchereria bancrofti nematode in a fine needle aspirate of the lymph node. | 1995 | 7847003 | |
| the anopheles punctulatus group of mosquitoes in the solomon islands and vanuatu surveyed by allozyme electrophoresis. | four species within the anopheles punctulatus group of mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) were identified by allozyme analysis of samples collected from thirty-three localities in guadalcanal, makira, malaita, temotu and western provinces in the solomon islands and six localities on efate, espiritu santo, maewo and malekula islands in vanuatu. three of these species are members of the an.farauti complex. a key is given to identify five species of the an.punctulatus group known to occur in the solom ... | 1994 | 7841489 |
| [historical epidemiology of bancroftian filariasis in southwest islands of the indian ocean]. | bancroftian filariasis arose in the south-west indian ocean islands with human settlements. during the xixe century, most of the islands were infected but the prevalence and clinical features of the disease were different from an island to an other. the vectors are cx. quinquefasciatus, an. gambiae, an. arabiensis, an. funestus. even if culex are proven vectors most of the transmission is due to anophelines. the introduction of the parasite was followed by an explosion of the diseases with drama ... | 1994 | 7827525 |
| [former observations of urinary bilharziasis and wuchereriosis]. | on the occasion of a book near completion on the great clinician pierre rayer (1793-1867), a pioneer of infectious pathology, are presented here two of his works concerning parasitic tropical pathology. the first (1838) signed by rayer alone deals with an hematuria observed in patients from mauritius. he distinguished several forms of the disease and described 15 observations which he compared to egyptian hematuria of which the parasitic agent (bilharzia (= schistosoma) haematobium) will not be ... | 1994 | 7827524 |
| utility of the force of infection model for assessing changes in the dynamics of bancroftian filarial infections. | force of infection is measured in terms of the number of effective contacts that have been introduced into the population by infective vectors. the utility of such a measure in describing the dynamics of bancroftian filarial infection was tested. force of infection (beta) incorporating the durations of patent period and pre-patent period was estimated for different age classes (assuming that it is constant in that particular age class) and it was found that the predicted post-control prevalences ... | 1994 | 7825015 |
| microscopical and serological diagnosis of wuchereria bancrofti. | venous blood from 292 patients attending a filaria clinic in georgetown, guyana, was assayed by elisa for igg and igm antibodies and by indirect haemagglutination antibody assay (iha) against filaria parasites. they were also assayed by microscopic methods before and after concentration procedures for microfilaraemia. of the 41 blood samples microscopically positive for wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae, 87.8% (elisa igg), 65.9% (elisa igm) and 73.2% (iha) occurred in samples with sub-diagnosti ... | 1994 | 7817540 |
| ivermectin in human medicine. | ivermectin is a potent macro-cyclic lactone causing paralysis in many nematodes and arthropods through an influx of chloride ions across cell membranes. it is currently the drug of choice for human onchocerciasis and shows potent microfilaricidal activity against the other major filarial parasites of human (wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi, loa loa and mansonella ozzardi) but not against m. perstans. whether or not it also kills the adult-stage of these parasites is currently under study. ive ... | 1994 | 7814280 |
| a case of probable transplacental transmission of wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae. | a case of transplacental transmission of wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae is reported in endemic are of bauchi state, nigeria. the diagnosis was based on the history of illness, clinical symptoms, age of the child and presence of sheathed microfilariae of nocturnal periodic form of w. bancrofti in the peripheral blood films. also the night blood sample collected from the child's mother revealed mf of w. bancrofti in addition to the unilateral elephantiasis of the hindlimb. the implication of t ... | 1994 | 7812317 |
| studies on filariasis in bauchi state, nigeria. ii. the prevalence of human filariasis in darazo local government area. | in an eleven months study of eleven communities of darazo local government area of bauchi state, northern nigeria, 293 (21.7) of 1,349 persons examined harboured various filarial parasites. of the sampled population, 18%, 1.9%, 1.6%, 0.5% and 0.2% had microfilariae of onchocerca volvulus, wuchereria bancrofti, mansonella perstans, m. streptocerca and loa loa respectively. of the 637 females examined, 90 (14.1%) were infected, while 203 (23.5%) of 712 males sampled had filarial infections. the hi ... | 1994 | 7812311 |
| wuchereria bancrofti filariasis in french polynesia: age-specific patterns of microfilaremia, circulating antigen, and specific igg and igg4 responses according to transmission level. | the age-specific patterns of microfilaremia, og4c3 antigenemia, anti-brugia malayi igg and igg4 were assessed in 3 villages of low, medium and high transmission level for wuchereria bancrofti filariasis. the prevalence rates for each of the 4 markers were clearly age dependent and their patterns strongly associated with the transmission level. the antigenemia prevalence rate was consistently higher than the microfilaremia prevalence rate, in all age groups. the prevalences of anti-b. malayi igg ... | 1995 | 7797377 |
| bancroftian microfilaria in the breast clinically mimicking malignancy. | 1995 | 7795166 | |
| progress in lymphatic filariasis control in china. | 1995 | 7789209 | |
| malaria and filariasis transmission in a village/forest setting in baram district, sarawak, malaysia. | entomological investigations on malaria and bancroftian filariasis transmission were carried out in the endemic area of baram district, sarawak. the anopheles composition, survival and infection rates of malaria and filariasis were compared in the village and 0.5 km from the village ecotype, in forested areas. anopheles leucosphyrus, an. barbirostris and an. donaldi are the vectors for malaria and bancroftian filariasis in both ecotypes. biting and infection rates vary, but an. leucosphyrus diff ... | 1995 | 7783279 |
| a new tool to assess the adulticidal efficacy in vivo of antifilarial drugs for bancroftian filariasis. | 1995 | 7778157 | |
| epidemiology of subperiodic wuchereria bancrofti infection in the nicobar islands, india. | diurnally subperiodic filariasis due to wuchereria bancrofti has been reported from tribal populations in the nancowry group of islands in the andaman and nicobar islands, india. this was confirmed in a survey carried out during the monsoon season in 1993. microfilariae were detected in the peripheral blood throughout a 24 h period with a peak at 18:00. the microfilaria (mf) rate ranged from 1.2% to 18.7%, with a low disease rate (mean = 1.9%). incidence of mf was low in children less than 10 ye ... | 1995 | 7778141 |
| cumulative exposure and its relationship with chronic filarial disease in bancroftian filariasis. | several hypotheses have been put forth about the factors influencing the dynamics of infection and disease in lymphatic filariasis. however, appropriate validation of these hypotheses by real situation analyses of epidemiological data is lacking. the present analyses examine the relationship between cumulative exposure to infection and prevalence of disease by utilizing the existing entomological and clinical data collected between 1981 and 1986 in pondicherry, south india, endemic for bancrofti ... | 1994 | 7777918 |
| scanning electron microscopy of adult wuchereria bancrofti (nematoda: filarioidea). | despite the great importance of wuchereria bancrofti in causing human lymphatic filariasis, only conventional morphological studies have been completed with adult forms of this filaria. no ultrastructural studies have been carried out, mainly due to the difficulty in obtaining viable parasites from human tissues and the lack of a suitable experimental model or in vitro cultivation. with the recent success in using ultrasound to localize adult worms in living tissues and their surgical recovery f ... | 1995 | 7776136 |
| introduction of an integrated community-based bancroftian filariasis control program into the mt bosavi region of the southern highlands of papua new guinea. | in mid-1987 a baseline microfilarial prevalence survey was conducted among five villages in the mt bosavi region of the southern highlands province of papua new guinea. through use of the nucleopore filtration technique, it was determined that 48% of villagers had detectable microfilaraemia. the highest prevalence was documented in fogomaiyu, where the microfilaraemia rate was 92%. on the basis of this initial survey and the expressed interest of the community, the division of health in the sout ... | 1994 | 7771118 |
| diethylcarbamazine in the control of bancroftian filariasis in the ok tedi area of papua new guinea: phase 2--annual single-dose treatment. | the phase 1 semiannual single-dose 6 mg/kg diethylcarbamazine (dec) treatment program demonstrated a significant reduction for wuchereria bancrofti in the ok tedi area of western province, papua new guinea. the rate of detectable microfilaraemia was effectively reduced from 39% to 11% and mean microfilarial (mf) densities from 79mf/20 microliters to 19mf/20 microliters. the phase 2 annual single-dose treatment of 6mg/kg dec not only maintained the gains made during phase 1 but reduced the microf ... | 1994 | 7771117 |
| can lymphatic filariasis be eradicated in papua new guinea? | 1994 | 7771116 | |
| immunological studies on an onchocerca volvulus intermediate-filament protein. | we report the complete sequence of the cdna encoding an intermediate filament (if) protein from onchocerca volvulus. the ovif cdna encodes a protein of 613 amino acid residues, which has a predicted molecular weight of approximately 70 kd. the size of the protein encoded by the ovif cdna corresponds well with estimates obtained in western blotting experiments, but these same experiments suggest that onchocerca sp. may contain at least two if proteins. to identify the domain(s) of the ovif protei ... | 1995 | 7761109 |
| longevity and migration of wuchereria bancrofti infective larvae and their distribution pattern in relation to the resting and feeding behaviour of the vector mosquito, culex quinquefasciatus. | the longevity, migration and distribution of infective larvae (l3) of wuchereria bancrofti within the host mosquito were studied by feeding culex quinquefasciatus on microfilaraemic human blood and allowing the microfilariae to develop to l3. the l3 were found to remain alive and active for 46-50 days, i.e. as long as the host mosquitoes survived. the larvae started their migration to the head of the mosquito soon after their development to l3, on day 13 after the initial, infective bloodmeal. a ... | 1995 | 7741593 |
| pleural effusion due to lymphatic filariasis. | a case of pleural effusion is reported. pleural biopsy showed microfilariae on histopathological examination. treatment with diethyl carbamazine yielded excellent results. filarial aetiology should be included in the differential diagnosis of idiopathic pleural effusions, especially in endemic areas. | 1994 | 7737704 |
| cytochemical analysis of the sheath of microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi. | thin sections of epon and lowicryl embedded microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy aiming at topochemical characterization of the sheath. three layers could be distinguished. some of the layers were labeled when incubated in the presence of antibodies, lectins and enzymes which recognize extracellular matrix components usually associated with the basal laminae lining epithelial cells. | 1994 | 7716402 |
| parasitological and clinical studies on wuchereria bancrofti infection in chuuk (formerly truk) state, federated states of micronesia. | a total of 2193 people in 14 villages on 9 islands was examined for microfilaria (mf). the average mf rate of those examined was 2.6%. high mf rates of 7-10% were obtained in 3 villages on 3 islands. analysed by sex and age, the highest mf rates were observed among males of age > or = 20 years (6-10%). a clinical study conducted on 466 adult males of age > or = 15 years showed that the average hydrocele rate was 3.4% and that of elephantiasis 0.4%. for the ages > or = 50 years the hydrocele rate ... | 1994 | 7716401 |
| abnormal lymphatic function in presymptomatic bancroftian filariasis. | despite the common association of filarial infection with elephantiasis, the great majority of those infected are in fact clinically asymptomatic microfilariae carriers. the assumption has been that infection but not disease exists in these presymptomatic persons. in an area brazil where wuchereria bancrofti is endemic, flow studies done with dynamic radionuclide lymphoscintigraphy were used to compare 30 limbs from asymptomatic microfilaremic subjects with 16 control limbs. geometric mean value ... | 1995 | 7706830 |
| determination of the earliest appearance and peak count of microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi after taking a single dose of diethylcarbamazine at noon. | six nocturnal microfilarial carriers (three with wuchereria bancrofti and three with brugia malayi) from mainland china were selected to determine the earliest appearance and peak count of microfilariae (mf) administration of dec at noon. before diethylcarbamazine (dec) administration, blood samples of 60 microliters were obtained by finger-prick at 2 h intervals for 24 h. a blood sample was then taken just before each carrier intaking 100 mg, 150 mg or 200 mg of dec orally at noon. after drug a ... | 1994 | 7706675 |
| lymphoscintigraphic assessment of the effect of diethylcarbamazine treatment on lymphatic damage in human bancroftian filariasis. | despite many millions of doses administered over the past 40 years, basic and crucial issues regarding the use, mode of action, and effectiveness of diethylcarbamazine (dec) in many clinical situations remain unresolved. to directly investigate whether the well-known microfilaricidal and macrofilaricidal actions of dec actually result in subsequent improvement in existing damage to lymphatic vessels or lymph nodes, 29 study subjects in recife, brazil were stratified into three groups according t ... | 1995 | 7694968 |
| cloning, over-expression and evaluation of a recombinant fusion protein of wuchereria bancrofti towards its application as a diagnostic agent for bancroftian filariasis. | a low molecular weight (15 kda) surface antigen of the cattle filarial nematode, setaria digitata, was earlier shown to be specifically recognized by the antibodies from human bancroftian filarial (mf positive) patients' sera (theodore & kaliraj, 1990). the filarial specific antibodies bound to a 15 kda peptide in preparative western blots were eluted and employed in screening of candidate antigens expressed in the genomic library of wuchereria bancrofti at the igg4 subclass antibody level. a re ... | 1993 | 7686281 |
| filariasis in the labour population of a tea estate in upper assam. | preliminary random and mass blood surveys undertaken between 2000-0100 h in a tea garden of upper assam revealed more than 8 per cent positivity for microfilaria (mf) of wuchereria bancrofti. the mf carriers were considerably high among males (73) as compared to females (48). culex quinquefasciatus was incriminated as a vector with man hour density of 68.5 in human dwellings (indoors). the detection of mf in children who had never moved from the area and filaria larvae in vector mosquitoes colle ... | 1995 | 7672834 |
| bancroftian filariasis in kwale district of kenya. iii. quantification of the ige response in selected individuals from an endemic community. | one hundred and sixty-two individuals from a community in kwale district, kenya, endemic for bancroftian filariasis, were selected for a study on the ige response to filarial antigen (prepared from adult brugia pahangi). following clinical and parasitological examination, the individuals were grouped into different categories, based on the presence/absence of microfilaraemia, the presence/absence of acute or chronic (hydrocele or elephantiasis) clinical manifestations, and age. the total and fil ... | 1995 | 7668920 |
| comparative study of dot-immunogold silver staining and dot-elisa for the detection of serum antibodies against wuchereria bancrofti. | dot-immunogold silver staining (dot-igss) and dot-elisa, using the soluble antigen of brugia malayi, were employed to detect anti-wuchereria bancrofti antibodies in 50 cases of wuchereria bancrofti microfilaremia. the positive rates were 100% and 90% in dot-igss and dot-elisa respectively. the average titer in the 45 positive cases was 1:184 (1:10-1:2560) for dot-igss and 1:150 (1:10-1:2560) for dot-elisa, with 30 cases showing the same titer in both tests, 13 cases showing higher titer in dot-i ... | 1994 | 7667722 |
| micro-spatial variation in filarial disease and risk of developing disease associated with microfilaremia in urban situation. | clinical and parasitological surveys were carried out concurrently during 1986 in pondicherry. the analyses showed that there was no significant micro-spatial variation in prevalence of total diseases (acute and chronic) and the manifestations such as hydrocele and lymphedema in the different zones and stations of pondicherry urban area, a stable endemic area. analyses on different filariometric indices in different stations showed a significant correlation between disease and mf prevalence (r = ... | 1994 | 7667721 |
| epidemiological surveillance of filariasis after its control in shandong province, china. | shandong province used to be the highly endemic area of wuchereria bancrofti. culex pipiens pallens was the main mosquito vector. after about 30 years of large scale anti-filariasis control campaign, filariasis was controlled throughout the province in 1983. since then, extensive cross-sectional and consecutive longtitudinal surveillances have been carried out. parasitological and entomological data indicated that the microfilaremia rate of the human population, and the natural infection rate of ... | 1994 | 7667720 |
| dirofilaria repens infection in northern israel. | the fourth case of zoonotic dirofilaria repens infection in israel is reported, and the diagnostic morphologic characteristics of this filariid are reviewed. the importance of the exact anatomic diagnosis of this filaria is stressed in view of the fact that israel has pockets of settlers from east africa, a region endemic for lymphatic filariasis (wuchereria bancrofti). since the possibility of introduction of such an infection into the country exists, differentiating this zoonotic dirofilaria f ... | 1995 | 7661283 |
| comparative efficacy of three different diethylcarbamazine regimens in lymphatic filariasis. | to assess the efficacy of diethylcarbamazine (dec) in clearing wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae (mf) from the circulation, we conducted a single blind hospital-based therapeutic trial of 3 dec regimens. all patients were assessed by filtration of 1 ml of venous blood taken before and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after dec administration. the efficacy of a 12 d course of 6 mg/kg dec once daily was identical to that of a similar course with 2 mg/kg given 3 times daily, indicating that split-dose treatm ... | 1995 | 7660449 |
| traumatic rupture of filarial spleen. | 1995 | 7657368 | |
| combination ivermectin plus diethylcarbamazine, a new effective tool for control of lymphatic filariasis. | in 1993, a three arm double-blind controlled trial was implemented in french polynesia, to compare the tolerance and efficacy of single doses of the combination ivermectin (ivr) 400 micrograms.kg-1 plus diethylcarbamazine (dec) 6mg.kg-1 vs ivr 400 micrograms.kg-1 or dec 6 mg.kg-1 alone, for treatment of wuchereria bancrofti carriers. of the 57 treated male patients in whom microfilaremia (mf) densities ranged from 22 to 4,709 mf/ml, three groups of 19 were randomly selected, and allocated to one ... | 1995 | 7631132 |
| facilitation in anopheles and spontaneous disappearance of filariasis: has the concept been verified with sufficient evidence? | the validity of recently much argued phenomenon of facilitation in the transmission of filariasis was considered by examining previously published papers. it was concluded that there was no clear evidence to support the existence of facilitation and facilitation-based unstable equilibrium in relation to microfilaria prevalence and density in human population below which filariasis would spontaneously disappear, even when the vector was anopheles mosquitoes. instead, the existence of a critical l ... | 1995 | 7631124 |
| clearance of circulating filarial antigen as a measure of the macrofilaricidal activity of diethylcarbamazine in wuchereria bancrofti infection. | small doses of diethylcarbamazine (dec) clear microfilariae (mf) from the blood of wuchereria bancrofti-infected persons, but the dose and regimen required to kill adult worms is not clearly defined. a prospective study was undertaken to examine the macrofilaricidal effect of dec and the ability of an assay for circulating filarial antigen (cfa) to define the effect. twenty-five mf-positive subjects and 7 mf-negative but cfa-positive subjects were treated with dec and followed for 18 months. of ... | 1995 | 7622896 |
| wuchereria bancrofti in bal fluid of a woman with a concomitant breast lesion. | 1995 | 7621727 | |
| wuchereria bancrofti (filariidea: dipetalonematidae) and its vector aedes polynesiensis (diptera: culicidae) in a french polynesian village. | in march 1991, a study on wuchereria bancrofti (cobbold, 1887) infection rates in its vector, aedes polynesiensis marks, was carried out in a village of french polynesia. our data were collected 10 yr after the suspension of human mass chemoprophylaxis and served as a baseline for pending ivermectin treatment scheduled in 1991-1993. in total, 1,789 biting females were collected, of which 1,740 were dissected and 1,183 (68%) were parous. among these, 106 (8.96%) were infected with w. bancrofti an ... | 1995 | 7616526 |
| variation in the vector competence of aedes polynesiensis for wuchereria bancrofti. | the vector competences of 6 geographic strains of aedes polynesiensis for wuchereria bancrofti were studied using two types of experimental infections. experimental infection of laboratory-bred mosquitoes fed on the carriers' forearms with different levels of microfilaraemia showed that microfilariae (mf) uptake was directly proportional to the carrier's mf density and, as mf densities decreased, concentration capacity of ae. polynesiensis increased. it was also shown that infection has an impor ... | 1995 | 7609987 |
| comparative exsheathment of microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti in certain mosquito species. | the exsheathment of ingested microfilariae (mf) of wuchereria bancrofti in their vector culex. (cx.) pipiens and in a refractory mosquito species aedes (ae.) caspius was assessed. no exsheathed mf were encountered in the mid gut of tested mosquitoes, while they were observed in abdomen and thoracic muscles. all exsheathed mf migrated from the mid gut of both tested species. the lowest percentage of ingested mf was recorded in the mid gut of cx. pipiens and the thoracic muscles of ae. caspius one ... | 1995 | 7602164 |
| periodicity of wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae in south western ethiopia. | as part of a clinical and epidemiological study of lymphatic filariasis in southwestern ethiopia the microfilarial density in the blood of two male and two female volunteers from the village of ketch (near the town of gambella) was determined every four hours for a 24-hour period using the counting chamber technique. in the blood of the volunteers the majority of the microfilariae appeared between 20 and 04 hours with peak at 24 hours (range at peak time + 3060-3560 mf/ml blood) depicting a noct ... | 1995 | 7601081 |
| an immunodominant antigen of brugia malayi is an asparaginyl-trna synthetase. | lymphatic filariasis is caused by infection with the filarial nematodes brugia malayi, brugia timori, wuchereria bancrofti and onchocerca volvulus which collectively infect about 200 million persons throughout the world. protein sequence homology analysis of a major nematode antigen suggested that it was a class ii aminoacyl-trna synthetase. the overproduction, purification and verification that the major b. malayi antigen is an asparaginyl-trna synthetase is described. | 1995 | 7589498 |
| clinico-epidemiological study of lymphatic filariasis southwestern ethiopia. | clinical and parasitological night blood surveys have been carried out for lymphatic filariasis in people living in two communities adjacent to the baro river, near the town of gambella in 1993. the survey covered more than 90% of the population in tektak and ketch. inhabitants were registered and detailed information on prevalence, and intensity of microfilaremia and clinical symptoms was obtained. the overall microfilaria prevalence, using the counter chamber technique, was 20.7% with males an ... | 1995 | 7588653 |
| bancroftian filariasis: profile of serum antifilarial antibody and circulating parasite antigen. | forty-five serum specimens collected from persons living in a filaria-endemic community in maili nane, coastal kenya were analyzed by elisa for levels of isotype specific antifilarial antibody and by og4c3 elisa for circulating parasite antigen. mean levels of igg1, igg2, and igg3 were lower in microfilaraemic persons than in amicrofilaraemic individuals. in contrast, mean levels of antifilarial igg4 were significantly higher in microfilaraemic persons (p = 0.0374). serum samples from all microf ... | 1995 | 7588141 |
| [study of malaria vectors in the south-west of madagascar]. | the authors describe the results of an entomological study run in december 1994 in the little town of bezaha (south-western madagascar). the observed entomological indexes are those of an intensive malaria transmission area. the authors suggest to organize a longitudinal entomological survey along with a clinical and parasitological study. they also point out the fact that they found two microfilariae wuchereria bancrofti in an anopheles funestus female. | 1994 | 7575037 |
| differential recognition of microfilarial chitinase, a transmission-blocking vaccine candidate antigen, by sera from patients with brugian and bancroftian filariasis. | we examined the reactivity of human sera with recombinant microfilarial chitinase and with the antigenic determinant on the native parasite molecule identified by monoclonal antibody (mab) mf1. in brugian filariasis, the mf1 epitope is preferentially recognized by residents of endemic areas who remain amicrofilaremic and asymptomatic despite lifelong exposure to filarial worms. reactivity with filarial chitinase and its mf1 epitope inversely correlates with microfilaremia levels in bancroftian f ... | 1995 | 7573715 |
| selective diethylcarbamazine chemotherapy for control of bancroftian filariasis in two communities of tanzania: compared efficacy of a standard dose treatment and two semi-annual single dose treatments. | the efficacy of two strategies for control of bancroftian filariasis using selective rather than community-wide diethylcarbamazine (dec) chemotherapy was evaluated and compared in two endemic communities of north-eastern tanzania, with pretreatment microfilariae (mf) prevalences of 22% and 38%, and geometric mean intensities (gmis) of 668 mf/ml and 735 mf/ml of blood. all mf-positive cases in the first community were offered treatment with 6 mg of dec/kg of body weight a day for 12 days (group 1 ... | 1995 | 7573711 |
| full-length, live, adult filarial worm in a fine needle aspirate of an epididymal nodule. | 1995 | 7571956 | |
| direct assessment of the adulticidal efficacy of a single dose of ivermectin in bancroftian filariasis. | although the potent microfilaricidal activity of ivermectin is well established, its efficacy against adult wuchereria bancrofti is unknown. we used longitudinal ultrasound examinations for periods of 3-9 months to assess directly the macrofilaricidal effect of a single 400 micrograms/kg dose of ivermectin in 15 men from recife, brazil who were infected with w. bancrofti. before treatment, microfilarial densities ranged from 3 to 3098 microfilariae per ml of blood, and movements characteristic o ... | 1995 | 7570894 |
| chronic pulmonary disorders, including tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, in villages with endemic lymphatic filariasis in tanga region and in tanga town, tanzania. | to investigate the occurrence of tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (tpe), studies were undertaken in 3 villages with endemic lymphatic filariasis in the coastal area of tanga region, tanzania, and in the outpatient clinic of bombo regional hospital in tanga town; 73 persons from the villages and 104 from the outpatient clinic with a history of lung disease suggestive of tpe were included in the study. following clinical examination, lung function tests and chest x-rays were performed. total leucoc ... | 1995 | 7570881 |
| bancroftian filariasis in two urban areas of recife, brazil: pre-control observations on infection and disease. | bancroftian filariasis is a major public health problem in the city of recife in north-eastern brazil. in some of its urban areas microfilaraemia prevalence reaches 14%. this study describes epidemiological characteristics, infection and disease, in 2 urban areas, coque and mustardinha, before control measures were applied. the parasitological survey was performed by a 'door-to-door' census covering 5563 subjects, aged between 5 and 65 years. microfilaraemia was detected by the thick drop techni ... | 1995 | 7570866 |
| a great success in lymphatic filariasis control in china. national technical steering group for filariasis control and research, moph. | lymphatic filariasis control was first included in national program in 1956. since then, a large scale anti-filariasis campaign has been carried out extensively throughout the endemic areas. from 1956-1994, a cumulative total of 707,421,736 person-time were comprised in nationwide blood examination, and a total of 260,041,645 person-time dec chemotherapy were conducted (including selective treatment, mass chemotherapy and dec-fortified salt). up to 1994, all of the 864 endemic counties/cities in ... | 1995 | 7554168 |
| ultrastructural and cytochemical aspects of the cuticle of adult wuchereria bancrofti (nematoda: filarioidea). | because of the practical limitations of obtaining viable adult forms of the wuchereria bancrofti, the major species responsible for human lymphatic filariasis, only few ultrastructural studies were carried out. adult worms present the cuticle as the interface structure between host and parasite. cuticle structure and the demonstration of the presence of basic proteins, lipids, small amounts of terminal carbohydrate residues, phospholipids and collagen in the cuticle was undertaken on thin sectio ... | 1995 | 7543460 |
| a modified staining method to detect wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae in thick-smear preparations. | 1995 | 7537954 | |
| lymphoscintigraphic analysis of lymphatic abnormalities in symptomatic and asymptomatic human filariasis. | to obtain high-resolution radionuclide lymphoscintigraphic images of affected limbs in persons with both symptomatic and asymptomatic filarial infection, 36 volunteers were recruited from a wuchereria bancrofti-endemic area of recife, brazil, for a prospective, controlled analysis. subjects were stratified after determination of serologic and clinical determinants of filarial infection status. widespread lymphatic abnormalities were found in clinically asymptomatic microfilaremic persons, who ha ... | 1994 | 7523538 |
| evaluation of a recombinant antigen-based antibody assay for diagnosis of bancroftian filariasis in egypt. | 1995 | 7487232 | |
| short report: peak period of filarial transmission. | this study was designed to determine the peak period of infective mosquito biting and thus the greatest potential for filarial transmission to occur. it was found that biting density, natural infection, and infectivity rates of culex quinquefasciatus were significantly higher in the third quadrant of the night (from midnight to 3:00 am) than at other times. this was true in both an urban and a rural environment. avoidance of mosquito bite by any means during this time period might reduce and lim ... | 1995 | 7485689 |
| [studies of the numerical distribution of microfilariae in foci of lymphatic filariasis (author's transl)]. | the frequency distribution of wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae counts in capillary blood, at a community level, is shown to differ significantly from the log-normal distribution, commonly used (and recommended by who). a much better fit is obtained with a truncated negative-binomial distribution, the k exponent of which is estimated to 0.3. this value does not seem to be affected by the endemic level, by microfilaricide mass-treatments or by the blood sample volume. this result has immediate p ... | 1980 | 7414676 |
| some aspects on biting cycles of culex quinquefasciatus in bangkok. | the indoor and outdoor biting cycles of culex quinquefasciatus were studied in bangkok. the biting cycle was nocturnally periodic and preferably endophilic in character. there were two minor peaks on top of the nocturnally periodic peak. the first peak was between 2200 and 2300 hours, the latter peak was after midnight being at 0100 and 0400 hours. parous mosquitoes formed 0%-20.0% of hourly total population. more parous mosquitoes were collected indoor and also during in the latter half of the ... | 1981 | 7256358 |
| [intake of microfilariae by the vector in the case of a low microfilareamia (author's transl)]. | the study of the intake of microfilariae of dipetalonema dessetae by aedes aegypti leads to two conclusions with respect to the microfilaraemia: --there is no concentration of microfilariae in the uptake of blood by aedes. --the microfilariae are nearly homogeneously distributed in the vertebrate host blood available to the vector for feeding. such a distribution of microfilariae in the cutaneous blood supply of the host gives the maximum chance for a mosquito to become infected when taking a bl ... | 1982 | 7200752 |
| ige antibodies are more species-specific than igg antibodies in human onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis. | to explore the relative species specificities of the ige and igg antibody responses to helminth infections in man, we studied four pools of sera from patients infected with wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi, onchocerca volvulus or ascaris lumbricoides and ten individual sera from patients with onchocerciasis. ige antibodies were detected by radioallergosorbent test (rast) analysis and igg antibodies by a staphylococcus protein a radioimmunoassay (staph a-ria). analysis of the binding curves wi ... | 1982 | 7199027 |
| endemic filariasis on a pacific island. i. clinical, epidemiologic, and parasitologic aspects. | the clinical and parasitologic aspects of filariasis were investigated in 459 inhabitants of a south pacific island endemic for subperiodic wuchereria bancrofti filariasis. episodes of filarial fevers, usually with concomitant lymphangitis and/or lymphadenitis, were experienced by 26%. lymphobstructive lesions, manifest in the later decades of life, were present in 12 with elephantiasis and 24 with hydroceles. microfilaremia was detectable by membrane filtration of 1 ml of blood in 33% of person ... | 1982 | 7125061 |
| identification of some common infective filarial larvae in malaysia. | infective larvae of wuchereria, brugia, breinlia, dirofilaria and setaria species from an experimental vector, aedes togoi, are compared. the distinctive bubble-like caudal papillae of wuchereria bancrofti are readily distinguishable from the protuberant ones of brugia spp; the 'ear-like' papillae of breinlia are distinct from the 'knob-like' ones of dirofilaria or the 'thorn-like' terminal papilla of setaria. | 1982 | 7069185 |
| exposure and susceptibility in human helminthiasis. | 1982 | 7051494 | |
| evaluation of the diethylcarbamazine provocative test in the diagnosis of wuchereria bancrofti infections in the nigerian savanna and the effects on dipetalonema perstans. | large scale filariasis surveys in rural areas for microfilaraemia, especially of periodic types such as wuchereria bancrofti are known to cause considerable administrative, technical and social problems. the present investigation was carried out in the population of two villages in the malumfashi district of the northern nigerian savanna. from the survey results, the sensitivity and specificity of two techniques-day-time diethylcarbamazine (dec) provocative test by blood smear and concentration, ... | 1982 | 7051456 |
| detection of filarial antibodies in malayan and bancroftian filariasis by the indirect fluorescent antibody test, using different filarial antigens. | indirect fluorescent antibody tests (ifat) using wuchereria bancrofti infective larvae as antigen had the highest positivity rates in detecting malayan and bancroftian filariasis as compared to ifat using antigens prepared from 5 other animal filarial species, brugia pahangi, dirofilaria immitis, dipetalonema viteae, litomosoides carinii and onchocerca gutturosa. this study also recommends the use of human filarioids as the source of antigen in serological tests. however, before b. malayi and es ... | 1982 | 7051338 |
| cytologic detection of parasitic disorders. | parasitic diseases are common in developing countries; yet they are infrequently diagnosed in cytologic material. six cases are described where routine cytologic examination identified the parasites and suggested the diagnosis. there were three cases of entamoeba histolytica infection of the female genital tract and one each of hydatid cyst of the brain, strongyloides stercoralis infection of the lung and filarial infection of the urinary bladder. to our knowledge, cytologic diagnosis of hydatid ... | 1982 | 7048830 |
| the examination--time/dose interval in the provocation of nocturnally periodic microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti with diethylcarbamazine and the practical uses of the test. | the administration of diethylcarbamazine (dec) in the daytime in areas where microfilariae (mf) of wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi exhibit nocturnal periodicity provokes mf to enter the peripheral blood. the importance of relating the dose of dec and time when the blood specimen is taken is emphasized. the main practical uses of this provocative day test are as a routine diagnostic tool, in estimating prevalence and density of mf in a community, as a preliminary screening method for asses ... | 1982 | 7048671 |