Publications

oral distribution of candida species and presence of oral lesions in brazilian leprosy patients under multidrug therapy.	the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of candida spp. and presence of oral lesions in brazilian leprosy patients under multidrug therapy (mdt).	2009	19549111
the antifungal properties of chicken egg cystatin against candida yeast isolates showing different levels of azole resistance.	the increasing incidence of fungal infections together with the emergence of strains resistant to currently available antifungal drugs calls for the development of new classes of antimycotics. naturally occurring antifungal proteins and peptides are of interest because of low toxicity, immunomodulatory potential and mechanisms of action distinct from those of currently available drugs. in this study, the potent antifungal activity of cystatin, affinity-purified from chicken egg white (cewc), aga ...	2010	19549107
effect of candida glabrata fks1 and fks2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-d-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.	thirteen candida glabrata strains harboring a range of mutations in hot spot regions of fks1 and fks2 were studied. the mutations were linked to an echinocandin reduced susceptibility phenotype. sequence alignments showed that 11 out of the 13 mutants harbored a mutation in fks1 or fks2 not previously implicated in echinocandin reduced susceptibility in c. glabrata. a detailed kinetic characterization demonstrated that amino acid substitutions in fks1p and fks2p reduced drug sensitivity in mutan ...	2009	19546367
alzheimer's amyloid-beta rescues yeast from hydroxide toxicity.	amyloid-beta(abeta42), which is known to be toxic to neuronal cells, protects yeast cells from severe sodium hydroxide toxicity. more than 85% cell death was caused by treatment with 1 mm naoh and approximately 95% was observed at a 2 mm concentration. however, greater than 55% cells survived the treatment in the presence of abeta42. a strong protective effect of the peptide was also evident from the differential staining of the treated culture with propidium iodide.	2009	19542608
assessing candiduria in a critically ill patient.		2009	19542107
[candidemia in an intensive care unit].	candidemia is becoming more actual because of better survival of even critically ill patients, wide use of antimicrobials, and increased numbers of invasive procedures and manipulations. diagnosis of candidemia remains complicated, and costs of treatment and mortality rates are increasing. objective. to evaluate the pathogens of candidemia, risk factors and their influence on outcome. material and methods. data of 41 patients with positive blood culture for candida spp., who were treated in the ...	2009	19535880
rapid electrochemical identification of pathogenic candida species.	this study describes the development of a novel assay to detect fungal dna and identify the most clinically relevant invasive human pathogenic fungi to the species level using oligonucleotide probes, labelled with electrochemically active groups, and solid-state electrodes. a panfungal probe designed against the 18s rrna gene region, capable of detecting all fungal pathogens tested, and species-specific probes, designed against the its2 region for detection of the five candida species most commo ...	2009	19528185
antifungal carbazoles.	carbazole derivatives are well known for their various pharmacological activities, including anti-hiv, anticancer, antibacterial and antifungal activities. this review will focus on carbazoles that possess antifungal activity against candida albicans, the major human fungal pathogen. in our search for new fungicidal compounds, we identified a series of substituted carbazoles, termed n-alkylated 3,6-dihalogenocarbazoles, that exhibit fungicidal activity against c. albicans and the emerging pathog ...	2009	19519387
invasive candidiasis: an overview from taiwan.	invasive candidiasis has emerged as an important nosocomial infection, especially in critically ill patients. we review the epidemiology of invasive candidiasis with an emphasis on data from taiwan. an increasing incidence of candidemia became apparent from 1980 to the end of the 1990s, followed by relative stability. crude mortality rates of patients with candidemia were in the range of 35% to 60%. candida albicans remains the predominant cause of invasive candidiasis in taiwan and accounts for ...	2009	19515624
[late recurrence of donor contamination-related candida glabrata endophthalmitis following penetrating keratoplasty].		2009	19507105
the microbiota of lafun, an african traditional cassava food product.	lafun is a fermented cassava food product consumed in parts of west africa. in the present work the microorganisms (aerobic bacteria (ab), lactic acid bacteria (lab) and yeasts) associated with the fermentation of lafun under traditional conditions have for the first time been studied using a combination of pheno- and genotypic methods. during lafun fermentation the ab count ranged from 6-7 log(10) cfu/g at the beginning to 9 log(10) cfu/g at the end. similarly, the number of lab increased from ...	2009	19493582
laminin-511 and fibronectin degradation with candida yeast.	the invasion mechanism of candida yeast is still partly unknown. in this study, we tested the ability of different commensal candida yeast to degrade two basement membrane and extracellular matrix proteins: laminin-511 (lm-511) and plasma fibronectin.	2009	19486268
escherichia coli and tnf-alpha modulate macrophage phagocytosis of candida glabrata.	the incidence of systemic nonalbicans candida (especially c. glabrata) infections is increasing dramatically in intensive care units, but relatively little is known about the pathogenesis or host defenses associated with these life threatening infections.	2009	19482303
[activity of micafungin against candida biofilms].	most recalcitrant infections are associated to colonization and microbial biofilm development. these biofilms are difficult to eliminate by the immune response mechanisms and the current antimicrobial therapy.	2009	19463277
[micafungin: experimental therapy of fungal infections in animal models].	micafungin is an echinocandin antifungal drug recently approved for the treatment of candidiasis. the possibility of its clinical use against other invasive mycoses, has aroused the interest of numerous investigators in evaluating its efficacy in different animal models.	2009	19463276
[in vitro antifungal activity of micafungin].	micafungin is a new and very useful pharmacological tool for the treatment of invasive mycoses with a wide antifungal spectrum for the most common pathogenic fungi. micafungin is especially active against the genera candida and aspergillus. its antifungal mechanism is based on the inhibition of the beta-1,3- d-glucan synthesis, an essential molecule for the cell wall architecture, with different con sequences for candida and aspergillus, being micafungin fungicide for the former and fungistatic ...	2009	19463275
substrates and modulators of the multidrug transporter cdr1p of candida albicans in antifungal extracts of medicinal plants.	the effective treatment of infections caused by the most frequent human fungal pathogens candida albicans and candida glabrata is hindered by a limited number of available antifungals and development of resistance. in this study, we identified new extracts of medicinal plants inhibiting the growth of c. glabrata, a species generally showing low sensitivity to azoles. the methanolic extract of anacardium occidentalis with an mic of 80 microg ml(-1) proved to be the most active. in contrast to hig ...	2010	19460101
combined phylogenetic and neighbourhood analysis of the hexose transporters and glucose sensors in yeasts.	the sugar porter family in yeasts encompasses a wide variety of transporters including the hexose transporters and glucose sensors. we analysed a total of 75 members from both groups in nine hemiascomycetous species, with complete and well-annotated genomes: saccharomyces cerevisiae, candida glabrata, zygosaccharomyces rouxii, kluyveromyces thermotolerans, saccharomyces kluyverii, kluyveromyces lactis, eremothecium gossypii, debaryomyces hansenii and yarrowia lipolytica. we present a model for t ...	2009	19459981
high-affinity transporters for nad+ precursors in candida glabrata are regulated by hst1 and induced in response to niacin limitation.	the yeast candida glabrata is an opportunistic pathogen of humans. c. glabrata is a nad(+) auxotroph, and its growth depends on the availability of niacin (environmental vitamin precursors of nad(+)). we have previously shown that a virulence-associated adhesin, encoded by epa6, is transcriptionally induced in response to niacin limitation. here we used transcript profiling to characterize the transcriptional response to niacin limitation and the roles of the sirtuins hst1, hst2, and sir2 in med ...	2009	19451228
time to positive culture and identification for candida blood stream infections.	candidemia and delay to appropriate therapy contribute to increased morbidity and mortality. current literature addresses the delay between blood culture collection and final identification; however, it fails to delineate differences among species. the purpose of this study was to quantify the time to yeast detection and identification relative to blood culture collection and determine whether differences exist among species. in this retrospective study, all cases of candida isolation for 2 year ...	2009	19446982
fungal pleural effusion secondary to a rare cause of pancreatic pseudocyst.	we report a case of fungal pleural effusion secondary to presumed valproate induced pancreatitis with pseudocyst and stricture formation. a child with dyskinetic cerebral palsy who had been on sodium valproate for several years was transferred for drainage of a left sided pleural effusion. pleural fluid culture consistently grew candida glabrata although the patient was treated with broad-spectrum antibiotic and antifungal therapy. clinical deterioration ensued with abdominal discomfort, feed in ...	2009	19434690
expression of candida glabrata adhesins after exposure to chemical preservatives.	adherence of candida glabrata, an opportunistic yeast pathogen, to host cells is mediated in part by the epa family of adhesins, which are encoded largely at subtelomeric loci, where they are subject to transcriptional silencing. in analyzing the regulation of the subtelomeric epa6 gene, we found that its transcription is highly induced after exposure to methylparaben, propylparaben, or sorbate. these weak acid-related chemicals are widely used as antifungal preservatives in many consumer goods, ...	2009	19426114
comparison of chemical compositions and antimicrobial activities of essential oils from three conifer trees; pinus densiflora, cryptomeria japonica, and chamaecyparis obtusa.	the chemical compositions, and antibacterial and antifungal effects of essential oils extracted from three coniferous species, pinus densiflora, cryptomeria japonica, and chamaecyparis obtusa, were investigated. gas chromatography mass analysis of the essential oils revealed that the major components and the percentage of each essential oil were 16.66% beta-phellandrene and 14.85% alpha-pinene in p. densiflora; 31.45% kaur-16-ene and 11.06% sabinene in c. japonica; and 18.75% bicyclo [2, 2, 1] h ...	2009	19420996
comparative analysis of chemical compositions and antimicrobial activities of essential oils from abies holophylla and abies koreana activities of essential oils from abies holophylla and abies koreana.	the chemical compositions and antibacterial and antifungal activities of essential oils extracted from abies holophylla and a. koreana were investigated. gc-ms analysis revealed that 38 compounds comprised 95.88% of the a. holophylla essential oil, with the main components being bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol (28.05%), delta3-carene (13.85%), alpha-pinene (11.68%), camphene (10.41%), dl-limonene (7.61%), beta-myrcene (7.11%), trans-caryophyllene (5.36%), and alpha- bisabolol (3.67%). in the essential ...	2009	19420993
oral candida infection and colonization in solid organ transplant recipients.	oral candida carriage and infection have been reported to be associated with a greater risk for systemic infection in transplant recipients; however, a systematic analysis of the oral candida titers and species has not been previously conducted. the objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of oropharyngeal candidiasis, the oral carrier status, candida titers and species in this population.	2009	19416456
intractable urinary tract infection in a renal transplant recipient.	urinary tract infections (uti) are the most common bacterial infections after renal transplantation and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. recurrent or relapsing infections are not uncommon in the early post-transplant period and superadded fungal uti can occur in these patients, posing a difficult therapeutic problem. literature on recurrent uti after transplant as well as the ideal approach to such patients is scanty. we present the case of a renal allograft recipient who ...	2009	19414951
consensus statement on the management of invasive candidiasis in intensive care units in the asia-pacific region.	invasive candidiasis has emerged as an important nosocomial infection, especially in critically ill patients. the incidence of candidaemia in intensive care units (icus) is 5- to 10-fold higher than in the entire hospital and the crude mortality rate of patients with candidaemia is between 35% and 60%. candida albicans remains the predominant cause of invasive candidiasis in icus, followed by candida tropicalis, candida glabrata and candida parapsilosis. invasive isolates of candida spp. remain ...	2009	19409759
efficacy of micafungin in treating four premature infants with candidiasis.	although clinical experience in neonates with candidiasis exists for amphotericin b and fluconazole, these standard treatments are often hindered by drug-associated toxicity or development of resistant strains. the aim of the present study was therefore to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of a new antifungal agent, micafungin (mcfg), for treating candida infections in premature infants.	2009	19405920
reliability of the vitek 2 yeast susceptibility test for detection of in vitro resistance to fluconazole and voriconazole in clinical isolates of candida albicans and candida glabrata.	the vitek 2 yeast susceptibility test was evaluated by testing 122 candida isolates against fluconazole and voriconazole. excellent categorical agreement with the clsi broth microdilution method was observed (97.5% for both the azoles). moreover, the vitek 2 system was able to identify all but 2 of 59 investigated fluconazole-resistant organisms.	2009	19403774
not just little adults: candidemia epidemiology, molecular characterization, and antifungal susceptibility in neonatal and pediatric patients.	the purpose of this work was to identify differences in incidence, risk factors, microbiology, treatment, and clinical outcome of candidemia in neonates, children, and adults that might impact on management.	2009	19403503
antibacterial and anticandidal screening of tunisian citrullus colocynthis schrad. from medenine.	resistance to current antibacterial drugs and the rise of opportunistic fungal infections are growing global concerns. traditional medicine is a potential source of new antibacterials and antifungals. citrullus colocynthis schrad. (cucurbitaceae) endemic in southern tunisia, is used in folk medicine against dermatological, gynaecological and pulmonary infections.	2009	19397972
chaperones of f1-atpase.	mitochondrial f(1)-atpase contains a hexamer of alternating alpha and beta subunits. the assembly of this structure requires two specialized chaperones, atp11p and atp12p, that bind transiently to beta and alpha. in the absence of atp11p and atp12p, the hexamer is not formed, and alpha and beta precipitate as large insoluble aggregates. an early model for the mechanism of chaperone-mediated f(1) assembly (wang, z. g., sheluho, d., gatti, d. l., and ackerman, s. h. (2000) embo j. 19, 1486-1493) h ...	2009	19383603
hypersusceptibility to azole antifungals in a clinical isolate of candida glabrata with reduced aerobic growth.	petite mutations have been described in saccharomyces cerevisiae and pathogenic yeasts. however, previous studies of the phenotypic traits of these petite mutants reported that they express azole resistance. we describe a clinical isolate of candida glabrata with a striking association between increased susceptibility to azoles and respiratory deficiency. this isolate was obtained from a urine sample together with a respiration-competent c. glabrata isolate which exhibited azole resistance. the ...	2009	19380598
epidemiology and outcome of multiple-species candidemia at a tertiary care center between 2004 and 2007.	the incidence of multiple-species candidemia (msc) among cases of candidemia ranges between 2.8% and 8.0%. we sought to study the epidemiology and outcome of msc at a tertiary care center. a retrospective analysis of msc episodes occurring between 2004 and 2007 was performed. msc was defined as > or =2 different candida spp. growing concomitantly within the same blood culture bottle or within 72 h of each other. information on demographics, comorbidities, antifungal use, and survival was collect ...	2009	19376670
initial treatment and outcome of candida glabrata versus candida albicans bloodstream infection.	candida glabrata is a common cause of bloodstream infection (bsi) and exhibits decreased susceptibility to fluconazole. we sought to determine whether patients with c. glabrata infection were at increased risk of inappropriate initial therapy and mortality compared with the more fluconazole-susceptible species candida albicans by performing a matched case-control study using the prospective antifungal therapy alliance registry of invasive fungal infections. c. glabrata bsi patients were matched ...	2009	19376667
structure and mechanism of a eukaryotic fmn adenylyltransferase.	flavin mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (fmnat) catalyzes the formation of the essential flavocoenzyme flavin adenine dinucleotide (fad) and plays an important role in flavocoenzyme homeostasis regulation. by sequence comparison, bacterial and eukaryotic fmnat enzymes belong to two different protein superfamilies and apparently utilize different sets of active-site residues to accomplish the same chemistry. here we report the first structural characterization of a eukaryotic fmnat from the pat ...	2009	19375431
structure and in vivo requirement of the yeast spt6 sh2 domain.	during transcription elongation through chromatin, the ser2-phosphorylated c-terminal repeat domain of rna polymerase ii binds the c-terminal src homology 2 (sh2) domain of the nucleosome re-assembly factor spt6. this sh2 domain is unusual in its specificity to bind phosphoserine, rather than phosphotyrosine and because it is the only sh2 domain in the yeast genome. here, we report the high-resolution crystal structure of the sh2 domain from candida glabrata spt6. the structure combines features ...	2009	19371747
candida glabrata fungaemia in a tertiary centre in taiwan: antifungal susceptibility and outcomes.	the proportion of non-albicans candidaemia has increased during recent decades, especially candida glabrata. we evaluated the antifungal susceptibility, clinical features and outcome of c. glabrata fungaemia treated in a tertiary centre in taiwan. all episodes of c. glabrata fungaemia during 1999-2005 were identified from microbiology laboratory records and all c. glabrata isolates were subjected to antifungal susceptibility testing by the broth microdilution method. a total of 177 episodes of c ...	2009	19361960
purulent pericarditis: report of 2 cases and review of the literature.	purulent pericarditis, a localized infection within the pericardial space, has become a rare entity in the modern antibiotic era. although historically a disease of children and young adults, this is no longer the case: the median age at the time of diagnosis has increased by nearly 30 years over the past 6 decades. despite advances in diagnostic and treatment modalities, purulent pericarditis remains a life-threatening illness. unfortunately, the diagnosis is made postmortem in more than half t ...	2009	19352300
antimicrobial dihydroisocoumarins from crassocephalum biafrae.	bioassay-guided fractionation of the chcl (3)-soluble extract of the stem bark of crassocephalum biafrae (asteraceae) resulted in the isolation of three new dihydroisocoumarins, named biafraecoumarins a ( 1), b ( 2), and c ( 3); two known triterpenes ( 4 and 5); and a known ceramide ( 6). the structures of the new compounds were established as 7-but-15-enyl-6,8-dihydroxy-3( r)-penta-9,11-dienylisochroman-1-one ( 1), 7-butyl-6,8-dihydroxy-3( r)-penta-9,11-dienylisochroman-1-one ( 2), and 7-butyl- ...	2009	19350487
evaluating the resistance to posaconazole by e-test and clsi broth microdilution methodologies of candida spp. and pathogenic moulds.	e-test methodology was compared with clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) broth microdilution, particularly concerning the detection of resistance to posaconazole among clinical fungal isolates. the susceptibility of a large set of fungal strains (n = 300) was evaluated following 24 and 48 h in two different culture media (rpmi 1640 and sabouraud agar). fungal strains were highly susceptible to posaconazole; however, few less susceptible strains were found, mostly regarding candida ...	2009	19350293
[epidemiology of candidemia: a one-year prospective observational study in the west of france].	a one-year prospective, observational study was conducted in the west of france, to evaluate the epidemiology of candidemia.	2009	19346088
warthin tumor presenting as a fungal abscess in an immunocompetent host: case report and review of the literature.	fungal abscesses of the parotid gland are rare, and cases arising within parotid neoplasms have not been described previously. this report conveys our experience managing such an entity, which is further distinguished by its occurrence in an immunocompetent host.	2010	19340859
pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling and in vitro simulation of dynamic voriconazole-candida interactions.	using dynamic time-kill experiments with changing voriconazole concentrations, it was demonstrated that candida albicans atcc 90029 as well as candida glabrata and candida parapsilosis clinical isolates (two each) were significantly inhibited by starting concentrations of 4x and 16x the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) but not 1x mic. time-kill data were accurately fitted using a sigmoidal e(max) model. pharmacokinetic (pk) parameters from human data sets were used in the model to simulate ...	2009	19339162
candida glabrata pho4 is necessary and sufficient for pho2-independent transcription of phosphate starvation genes.	comparative genomic analyses of candida glabrata and saccharomyces cerevisiae suggest many signal transduction pathways are highly conserved. focusing on the phosphate signal transduction (pho) pathway of c. glabrata, we demonstrate that components of the pathway are conserved and confirm the role of cgpho81, cgpho80, cgpho4, and cgmsn5 in the pho pathway through deletion analysis. unlike s. cerevisiae, c. glabrata shows little dependence on the transcription factor, pho2, for induction of phosp ...	2009	19332882
characterization of a spontaneous flocculation mutant derived from candida glabrata: a useful strain for bioethanol production.	a spontaneous flocculation mutant (cgflo1) was obtained from candida glabrata. flocculation of cgflo1 was dependent on divalent cations such as ca(2+) and mg(2+) and was inhibited by galactose. cgflo1 is believed to be a useful strain for bioethanol production based on its flocculation ability at higher temperatures.	2009	19332296
molecular and phenotypic analysis of mutations causing anionic phospholipid deficiency in closely related yeast species.	the pel1 mutation in saccharomyces cerevisiae and the cgpgs1delta mutation in candida glabrata result in deficiency of mitochondrial phosphatidylglycerolphosphate synthase and lack of two anionic phospholipids, phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin. dna sequence analysis of the pcr-amplified pel1 mutant allele revealed that the pel1 mutation resulted from a single amino-acid substitution (glu(463)lys) in the c-terminal part of encoded enzyme. the cgpgs1 gene cloned in a centromeric pfl38 vector f ...	2009	19330542
the epidemiology of candida colonization and invasive candidiasis in a surgical intensive care unit where fluconazole prophylaxis is utilized: follow-up to a randomized clinical trial.	to determine whether candida glabrata colonization and invasive candidiasis (ic) increased among critically ill surgical patients 3 years after the introduction of fluconazole prophylaxis to a surgical intensive care unit (sicu).	2009	19300221
in vitro antifungal combination effects of micafungin with fluconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin b, and flucytosine against clinical isolates of candida species.	micafungin (mcfg) is an echinocandin antifungal agent that exhibits potent activity against most species of candida and aspergillus. we investigated the in vitro antifungal combination effects of mcfg with four other antifungal agents - fluconazole (flcz), voriconazole (vrcz), amphotericin b, and flucytosine - against clinical isolates of 54 candida spp. by checkerboard analysis. the synergistic antifungal effects of mcfg-flcz and mcfg-vrcz were 11% and 15%, respectively, and the latter displaye ...	2009	19280292
relationship between recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis and immune mediators in vaginal fluid.	recurring vulvovaginal candidosis (rvvc) is a common vaginal discharge, affecting 75% of all women at least once in their life. in 5% of these women, this infection is recurring. recent studies have focused on determining the importance of vaginal-associated immunity. to investigate the effects of immune mediators and the probability of an immune defect as well as localized allergic responses due to candida, we examined the cytokines il-4, il-5, il-13 as well as prostaglandin e(2) (pge(2)), cand ...	2009	19261373
prevalence of candida species and potential risk factors for vulvovaginal candidiasis in aligarh, india.	the objectives were to determine the frequency of candida species in women of different age groups as well as to suggest the criteria for the diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidiasis (vvc).	2009	19261369
role for fks1 in the intrinsic echinocandin resistance of fusarium solani as evidenced by hybrid expression in saccharomyces cerevisiae.	the opportunistic mold fusarium solani is intrinsically resistant to cell wall synthesis-inhibiting echinocandins (ecs), including caspofungin and micafungin. mutations that confer acquired ec resistance in saccharomyces cerevisiae and other normally susceptible yeast species have been mapped to the fks1 gene; among these is the mutation of residue 639 from phe to tyr (f639y) within a region designated hot spot 1. fks1 sequence analysis identified the equivalent of y639 in f. solani as well as i ...	2009	19258277
candida glabrata endophthalmitis following penetrating keratoplasty.	we report a case of candida glabrata endophthalmitis following penetrating keratoplasty in a 57-year-old man. the infection was thought to be treated successfully with intravitreal amphotericin b but flared 7 months later following cataract extraction and eventually required explantation of the intraocular lens and therapeutic keratoplasty. the literature regarding this rare infection is reviewed. candida glabrata, an uncommon ocular pathogen, is being reported with increasing frequency and with ...	2009	19251157
risk factors for fluconazole-resistant candida glabrata bloodstream infections.	bloodstream infections (bsis) caused by candida glabrata have increased substantially. candida glabrata is often associated with resistance to fluconazole therapy. however, to our knowledge, risk factors for fluconazole-resistant c glabrata bsis have not been studied.	2009	19237722
fenticonazole activity measured by the methods of the european committee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing and clsi against 260 candida vulvovaginitis isolates from two european regions and annotations on the prevalent genotypes.	the activity of fenticonazole was studied against 260 west and southeast european vulvovaginal candidiasis isolates, and low mics were displayed. fenticonazole was assessed by european committee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing and clsi microdilution methods for the first time, and the results showed excellent agreement (97%) and significant interclass correlation coefficient (p < 0.0001). also, the levels of agreement for the results for itraconazole, fluconazole, and ketoconazole were 8 ...	2009	19223627
modulation of the antifungal activity of new medicinal plant extracts active on candida glabrata by the major transporters and regulators of the pleiotropic drug-resistance network in saccharomyces cerevisiae.	the increased incidence of drug-resistant fungal infections, a process in which active efflux plays an important role, calls for the development of new treatments. candida albicans and candida glabrata are the most frequent human fungal pathogens. the latter, in spite of its increased azole tolerance, is rarely used in medicinal plant screening. several extracts inhibiting the growth of this pathogenic yeast are identified here. the ethyl acetate extract of the herb dalea formosa of the american ...	2009	19216644
candida glabrata fungaemia: the importance of anaerobic blood culture.		2009	19208895
formation of new chromosomes as a virulence mechanism in yeast candida glabrata.	in eukaryotes, the number and rough organization of chromosomes is well preserved within isolates of the same species. novel chromosomes and loss of chromosomes are infrequent and usually associated with pathological events. here, we analyzed 40 pathogenic isolates of a haploid and asexual yeast, candida glabrata, for their genome structure and stability. this organism has recently become the second most prevalent yeast pathogen in humans. although the gene sequences were well conserved among di ...	2009	19204294
mutations in the cgpdr1 and cgerg11 genes in azole-resistant candida glabrata clinical isolates from slovakia.	candida glabrata is an important human pathogen that is naturally less susceptible to antimycotics compared with candida albicans. ten unmatched c. glabrata clinical isolates were selected from a collection of isolates exhibiting decreased susceptibilities to azole antifungals. overexpression of the cgpdr1 gene, encoding the main multidrug resistance transcription factor, and its target genes cgcdr1 and cgcdr2, coding for drug efflux transporters, was observed in six fluconazole-resistant isolat ...	2009	19196495
identification of candida nivariensis and candida bracarensis in a large global collection of candida glabrata isolates: comparison to the literature.	we analyzed 1,598 candida glabrata isolates for the presence of the cryptic species candida nivariensis and candida bracarensis. both species were very rare in this collection (0.2% prevalence), despite the number of isolates analyzed and the global distribution of the isolates. we saw no associated antifungal resistance in c. nivariensis.	2009	19193845
breakpoints for susceptibility testing should not divide wild-type distributions of important target species.	the fluconazole mic distributions for candida glabrata from testing 34 different clinical isolates and performing 51 tests on a single isolate mirrored each other. since what is perceived as biological variation in isolates without resistance mechanisms is mainly methodological variation, breakpoints which divide this distribution not only lack a sound biological basis but also result in poor reproducibility of susceptibility characterization. this makes 2, 4, 8, and possibly 16 microg/ml unsuit ...	2009	19188378
candida lusitaniae fungemia in cancer patients: risk factors for amphotericin b failure and outcome.	candida lusitaniae, a candida species frequently resistant to amphotericin b (amb), is a rare cause of candidemia. the clinical significance of this in vitro resistant phenotype, the risk factors for, and the clinical presentation of c. lusitaniae fungemia in comparison with those of candida albicans have not been completely characterized. we reviewed 13 consecutive cases of c. lusitaniae fungemia in cancer patients and compared them with 41 consecutive cases of c. albicans fungemia (1990-2004). ...	2008	19180749
antimicrobial activity of some thiourea derivatives and their nickel and copper complexes.	five thiourea derivative ligands and their ni(2+) and cu(2+) complexes have been synthesized. the compounds were screened for their in vitro anti-bacterial activity using gram-positive bacteria (two different standard strains of staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, enterococcus faecalis, streptococcus pyogenes, bacillus cereus) and gram-negative bacteria (esherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter cloacae, proteus vulgaris, enterobacter aerogenes) and in vitro anti-yeast ...	2009	19169199
towards new antifolates targeting eukaryotic opportunistic infections.	trimethoprim, an antifolate commonly prescribed in combination with sulfamethoxazole, potently inhibits several prokaryotic species of dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr). however, several eukaryotic pathogenic organisms are resistant to trimethoprim, preventing its effective use as a therapeutic for those infections. we have been building a program to reengineer trimethoprim to more potently and selectively inhibit eukaryotic species of dhfr as a viable strategy for new drug discovery targeting seve ...	2009	19168759
prevalence of oral candida species ina north american pediatric population.	oral candidiasis caused by species other than candida albicans has been observed. this study evaluated the prevalence of oral yeast species among 196 children during routine oral exam. based on standard mycological testing, 130 (66%) subjects had fungal growth. candida albicans isolates were recovered in 56% of children, but an extensive diversity in the non-albicans species was observed. intrinsic differences in the pediatric population may favor the presence of yeast species other than c. albi ...	2007	19161062
donor-to-host transmission of candida glabrata to both recipients of corneal transplants from the same donor.	to report 2 cases of exogenous candida glabrata endophthalmitis after penetrating keratoplasty in recipients of corneas from the same donor transplanted on the same day.	2009	19158573
necrotizing soft-tissue infection caused by both candida glabrata and streptococcus agalactiae.		2009	19153361
polarization optical analysis of the surface structures of various fungi.	vicinal hydroxyl groups of the sugar compounds sialic acid and 9-o-acyl sialic acid can be visualised for polarization optical analysis on the surface of different fungi using several topo-optical reactions. we investigated the presence of these molecules in cultures of cryptococcus neoformans (heterogeneous form), saccharomyces cerevisiae, candida albicans, candida glabrata, candida krusei and candida tropicalis by topo-optical reactions. additionally, we examined brain and stomach tissues of p ...	2009	19152960
probing the active site of candida glabrata dihydrofolate reductase with high resolution crystal structures and the synthesis of new inhibitors.	candida glabrata, a fungal strain resistant to many commonly administered antifungal agents, has become an emerging threat to human health. in previous work, we validated that the essential enzyme, dihydrofolate reductase, is a drug target in c. glabrata. using a crystal structure of dihydrofolate reductase from c. glabrata bound to an initial lead compound, we designed a class of biphenyl antifolates that potently and selectively inhibit both the enzyme and the growth of the fungal culture. in ...	2009	19152636
uneven distribution of mating types among genotypes of candida glabrata isolates from clinical samples.	in order to shed light on its basic biology, we initiated a population genetic analysis of candida glabrata, an emerging pathogenic yeast with no sexual stage yet recognized. a worldwide collection of clinical strains was subjected to analysis using variable number of tandem repeats (vntr) at nine loci. the clustering of strains obtained with this method was congruent with that obtained using sequence polymorphism of the nmt1 gene, a locus previously proposed for lineage assignment. linkage dise ...	2009	19151326
coordinate control of lipid composition and drug transport activities is required for normal multidrug resistance in fungi.	pathogenic fungi present a special problem in the clinic as the range of drugs that can be used to treat these types of infections is limited. this situation is further complicated by the presence of robust inducible gene networks encoding different proteins that confer tolerance to many available antifungal drugs. the transcriptional control of these multidrug resistance systems in several key fungi will be discussed. experiments in the non-pathogenic saccharomyces cerevisiae have provided much ...	2009	19150512
gain of function mutations in cgpdr1 of candida glabrata not only mediate antifungal resistance but also enhance virulence.	cgpdr1p is a candida glabrata zn(2)-cys(6) transcription factor involved in the regulation of the abc-transporter genes cgcdr1, cgcdr2, and cgsnq2, which are mediators of azole resistance. single-point mutations in cgpdr1 are known to increase the expression of at least cgcdr1 and cgcdr2 and thus to contribute to azole resistance of clinical isolates. in this study, we investigated the incidence of cgpdr1 mutations in a large collection of clinical isolates and tested their relevance, not only t ...	2009	19148266
epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility of bloodstream candida isolates in quebec: report on 453 cases between 2003 and 2005.	between may 2003 and april 2005, a population-based surveillance of candida bloodstream infections was conducted in quebec. a total of 453 episodes of candidemia (464 yeast isolates) from 54 participating hospitals were studied.	2008	19145263
isolation and properties of a chromosome-dependent khr killer toxin in saccharomyces cerevisiae.	a strain of the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae coding for khr on the chromosome secreted a toxin that kills sensitive yeasts. the transformants of multicopy vectors carrying the khr gene could secrete 3-4-fold the killer toxin of the donor strain. this toxic substance was purified 80-fold in specific activity from the culture filtrate by gel filtration and hydrophobic column chromatography. the purified toxin gave a single protein band with molecular mass of 20 kda on sds-page and had an isoelec ...	1990	19130676
optimal use of myco/f lytic and standard bactec blood culture bottles for detection of yeast and mycobacteria.	the optimal use of dedicated fungal and mycobacterial blood culture bottles, such as the bactec myco/f lytic bottle, has not been well defined in clinical practice.	2009	19123744
oral candidiasis: a comparison between conventional methods and multiplex polymerase chain reaction for species identification.	oral candidiasis is the most common fungal infection in dental practice, and is caused by yeasts that are normally present in the endogenous flora.	2009	19121074
pharmacology and antifungal properties of anidulafungin, a new echinocandin.	anidulafungin is the third echinocandin antifungal agent to receive approval from the united states food and drug administration. it is indicated for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, candidemia, and other candidal infections. anidulafungin is fungicidal against candida species, including candida glabrata and isolates resistant to azoles and polyenes. the drug's efficacy is comparable to that of fluconazole for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, and it is effective in patients with ...	2009	19113794
[two cases of advanced gastric cancer with postoperative severe complications after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy].	we report two cases of advanced gastric cancer with severe postoperative complications after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (nac). the first case is a 60-year-old man who was diagnosed as a type 2 advanced gastric cancer with paraaortic lymph node metastases and the elevation of serum ca19-9 level. nac was started, but no reductions were noted after 3 courses. palliative total gastrectomy with distal pancreatectomy, splenectomy, cholecystectomy, and partial hepatectomy for t4 gastric cancer exhibitin ...	2008	19106528
antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of marrubium alysson and retama raetam grown in tunisia.	antibacterial and antifungal activities of extracts obtained from m. alysson, r. raetam were tested using a solid medium technique. we showed that the petroleum ether extract of m. alysson had a minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) varied from 128 to 2000 microg ml(-1) against different enterobacteriaceae and antifungal activity against candida glabrata, candida albicans, candida parapsilosis and candida kreusei with a mic of 256 microg ml(-1). the ethyl acetate extract of r. raetam showed the ...	2007	19086533
genomic polymorphism in the population of candida glabrata: gene copy-number variation and chromosomal translocations.	the genomic sequence of the type strain of the opportunist human pathogen candida glabrata (cbs138, atcc 2001) is available since 2004. this allows the analysis of genomic structure of other strains by comparative genomic hybridization. we present here the molecular analysis of a collection of 183 c. glabrata strains isolated from patients hospitalized in france and around the world. we show that the mechanisms of microevolution within this asexual species include rare reciprocal chromosomal tra ...	2009	19084610
phylogenetic diversity and antimicrobial activities of fungi associated with haliclona simulans isolated from irish coastal waters.	the diversity and antimicrobial activities of 80 fungi isolated from haliclona simulans were assessed using different fungal media containing either agar or gellum gum. in total, 19 different genotypes were detected. these fungal isolates could be classified as members of the agaricomycotina, mucoromycotina, saccharomycotina, and pezizomycotina, although the majority of the isolates were associated with the latter class. some of these fungal isolates showed antimicrobial inhibition of escherichi ...	2009	19083060
vinegar as an antimicrobial agent for control of candida spp. in complete denture wearers.	the use of denture is known to increase the carriage of candida in healthy patients, and the proliferation of candida albicans strains can be associated with denture-induced stomatitis. the aim of this study was to evaluate the use of vinegar as an antimicrobial agent for control of candida spp. in complete upper denture wearers. fifty-five patients were submitted to a detailed clinical interview and oral clinical examination, and were instructed to keep their dentures immersed in a 10% vinegar ...	2008	19082396
[study on vaginal production of human defensins and the correlated pathogenetic factors of vulvovaginal candidiasis].	to investigate the correlated pathogenetic factors and vaginal local immunity in vulvovaginal candidiasis (vvc).	2008	19080508
proteinase and phospholipase activity as virulence factors in candida species isolated from blood.	the number of nosocomial blood stream infections due to candida species has increased over the past few decades. in order to establish an infection, opportunistic pathogens have to evade the immune system, survive, divide in the host environment, and spread to other tissues. proteinase and phospholipase secretion has been implicated as potential virulence factors for some candida species responsible for catheter related candidemia in intensive care unit (icu) patients with indwelling devices. we ...	2008	19071887
biological diversity of yeasts in the gastrointestinal tract of weaned piglets kept under different farm conditions.	the study was conducted to determine yeasts present in the gastrointestinal tract (git) of piglets kept under experimental farm (ef) and commercial farm (cf) conditions. ninety five german landrace full- and half-sibling piglets were sacrificed at 39 days of age. sixty eight piglets were weaned at 28th day of life, when they were offered one diet ad libitum. twenty seven piglets remained unweaned by their dams. none of the piglets received any creep feed before weaning. digesta samples were coll ...	2008	19054135
a multispecies-based taxonomic microarray reveals interspecies hybridization and introgression in saccharomyces cerevisiae.	a multispecies-based taxonomic microarray targeting coding sequences of diverged orthologous genes in saccharomyces cerevisiae, saccharomyces paradoxus, saccharomyces mikatae, saccharomyces bayanus, saccharomyces kudriavzevii, naumovia castellii, lachancea kluyveri and candida glabrata was designed to allow identification of isolates of these species and their interspecies hybrids. analysis of isolates of several saccharomyces species and interspecies hybrids demonstrated the ability of the micr ...	2009	19054123
one-pot synthesis of 5-phenylimino, 5-thieno or 5-oxo-1,2,3-dithiazoles and evaluation of their antimicrobial and antitumor activity.	we here report the synthesis and biological evaluation of rare 4-substituted-5-phenylimino, 5-thieno- and 5-oxo-1,2,3-dithiazoles. dithiazoles were selectively obtained in moderate to high yields (25-73%) via a one-pot reaction from various ethanoneoximes with sulfur monochloride, pyridine in acetonitrile followed by treatment by corresponding nucleophiles (aniline, thioacetamide and formic acid). all the synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial (against bacteria escherichia c ...	2009	19036587
antifungal activity of caspofungin in combination with amphotericin b against candida glabrata: comparison of disk diffusion, etest, and time-kill methods.	the in vitro activities of caspofungin plus amphotericin b against 50 candida glabrata isolates were evaluated by the time-kill, disk diffusion, and etest methods. in vitro experiments showed a positive interaction. even though each of these methods uses different conditions and endpoints, the results of the different methods frequently agreed.	2009	19029317
genome adaptation to chemical stress: clues from comparative transcriptomics in saccharomyces cerevisiae and candida glabrata.	recent technical and methodological advances have placed microbial models at the forefront of evolutionary and environmental genomics. to better understand the logic of genetic network evolution, we combined comparative transcriptomics, a differential clustering algorithm and promoter analyses in a study of the evolution of transcriptional networks responding to an antifungal agent in two yeast species: the free-living model organism saccharomyces cerevisiae and the human pathogen candida glabra ...	2008	19025642
evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of the acetone extract of the lichen ramalina farinacea and its (+)-usnic acid, norstictic acid, and protocetraric acid constituents.	the acetone extract of the lichen ramalina farinacea and its (+)-usnic acid constituent showed antimicrobial activity against bacillus subtilis, listeria monocytogenes, proteus vulgaris, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus faecalis, yersinia enterocolitica, candida albicans, and candida glabrata. norstictic acid was active against aeromonas hydrophila as well as the above microorganisms except yersinia enterocolitica. protocetraric acid showed activity only against the tested yeasts candida alb ...	2004	18998406
in vitro activity of essential oils extracted from plants used as spices against fluconazole-resistant and fluconazole-susceptible candida spp.	in the present study, the antifungal activity of selected essential oils obtained from plants used as spices was evaluated against both fluconazole-resistant and fluconazole-susceptible candida spp. the candida species studied were candida albicans, candida dubliniensis, candida tropicalis, candida glabrata, and candida krusei. for comparison purposes, they were arranged in groups as c. albicans, c. dubliniensis, and candida non-albicans. the essential oils were obtained from cinnamomum zeylanic ...	2008	18997851
identification of candida albicans and candida glabrata within 1.5 hours directly from positive blood culture bottles with a shortened peptide nucleic acid fluorescence in situ hybridization protocol.	candida albicans and candida glabrata can be identified in blood culture bottles within 2.5 h using peptide nucleic acid fluorescence in situ hybridization. a 1.25-h protocol was compared to the standard with 40 positive (clinical and spiked) blood culture bottles tested in batches of 5. all c. albicans (15) and c. glabrata (16) isolates, alone or mixed, were identified correctly using both protocols, whereas 18 isolates (five other species) were negative by both protocols. this shortened method ...	2009	18987173
live candida albicans suppresses production of reactive oxygen species in phagocytes.	production of reactive oxygen species (ros) is an important aspect of phagocyte-mediated host responses. since phagocytes play a crucial role in the host response to candida albicans, we examined the ability of candida to modulate phagocyte ros production. ros production was measured in the murine macrophage cell line j774 and in primary phagocytes using luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence. j774 cells, murine polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn), human monocytes, and human pmn treated with live c. ...	2009	18981256
the antimicrobial peptide histatin-5 causes a spatially restricted disruption on the candida albicans surface, allowing rapid entry of the peptide into the cytoplasm.	antimicrobial peptides play an important role in host defense against microbial pathogens. their high cationic charge and strong amphipathic structure allow them to bind to the anionic microbial cell membrane and disrupt the membrane bilayer by forming pores or channels. in contrast to the classical pore-forming peptides, studies on histatin-5 (hst-5) have suggested that the peptide is transported into the cytoplasm of candida albicans in a non-lytic manner, and cytoplasmic hst-5 exerts its cand ...	2008	18974864
[in vitro amphotericin b susceptibility of korean bloodstream yeast isolates assessed by the clsi broth microdilution method, etest, and minimum fungicidal concentration test].	although amphotericin b (amb) has a wide spectrum of activity that encompasses the majority of yeast isolates, there have been recent reports suggesting that some yeast isolates exhibit decreased susceptibility to amb. however, in vitro amb susceptibility of yeast species isolates from blood cultures in korea has not been fully surveyed.	2008	18971615
dark brown is the more virulent of the switch phenotypes of candida glabrata.	candida glabrata undergoes reversible, high-frequency core switching between phenotypes that include dark brown (db), light brown (lb) and white (wh). these phenotypes in turn can switch to the irregular wrinkle (iwr) phenotype. natural isolates, however, express predominantly the db phenotype, leading to the hypothesis that it has a colonization advantage over the other switch phenotypes. using the mouse model of systemic infection, results are presented which support this hypothesis. db has an ...	2008	18957584
[heterologous expression of h2o-forming nadh oxidase in torulopsis glabrata significantly enhance the pyruvate productivity of the host].	objective: the aim of this manuscript was to illuminate the effect of nadh oxidation pathway on the glycolytic rate and the pyruvate productivity.	2008	18956756
isolation of candida dubliniensis in denture stomatitis.	to describe the isolation of candida dubliniensis from a patient with denture stomatitis and to compare with the presence of yeasts in the oral cavities of denture wearers.	2009	18950745
clinical characteristics of vulvovaginal candidiasis and antifungal susceptibilities of candida species isolates among patients in southern china from 2003 to 2006.	to determine the clinical characteristics of vulvovaginal candidiasis (vvc), the candida species involved and the antifungal susceptibility of candida species isolated from patients with vvc.	2008	18937710
treatment of candiduria with micafungin: a case series.	there has been a gradual increase in the incidence of non-candida albicans-related nosocomial infections. candida glabrata urinary tract infections have increased in frequency, and treating these infections can be difficult because the organism may be resistant to fluconazole. a newer antifungal agent, micafungin, which belongs in the class of echinocandins, provides an alternative and effective therapy against c glabrata. the present report describes three cases of c glabrata-associated urinary ...	2007	18923769