Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| brief communication: first evidence of lsamat in non-native americans: historic senegalese from west africa. | to date, the distinctive dental wear pattern known as lsamat, or "lingual surface attrition of the maxillary anterior teeth," has been documented in prehistoric samples from brazil, panama, and puerto rico only. however, new data from a historic senegalese sample reveals the first example of this wear pattern outside the americas. the senegal lsamat is present in 45% of 22 adult crania, and is associated with a caries rate of 40% in 38 adults (6.7% of 534 permanent teeth). a correlation between ... | 1997 | 9034045 |
| enantioselective synthesis of aliphatic (s)-cyanohydrins in organic solvents using hydroxynitrile lyase from manihot esculenta. | 1996 | 8958123 | |
| effect of cassavar cultivar, age and pretreatment processes of cellulase and xylanase production from cassava waste by trichoderma harzianum. | cassava wastes--the peel and the root fibre were taken through various pretreatment procedures before being subjected to solid state fermentation with trichoderma harzianum. most of the pretreatment processes increased the cellulose and hemicellulose content of the cassava peel and fibre by as high as 155% while sulfuric acid treatment resulted in 25.3% loss in the peel hemicellulose. the best pretreatment found to be 1% naoh at 120 degrees c gave the highest production of the cx, the cl and xyl ... | 1996 | 8956490 |
| isolation and expression in transgenic tobacco and rice plants, of the cassava vein mosaic virus (cvmv) promoter. | the cassava vein mosaic virus (cvmv) is a double stranded dna virus which infects cassava plants (manihot esculenta crantz) and has been characterized as a plant pararetrovirus belonging to the caulimovirus subgroup. two dna fragments, cvp1 of 388 nucleotides from position -368 to +20 and cvp2 of 511 nucleotides from position -443 to +72, were isolated from the viral genome and fused to the uida reporter gene to test promoter expression. the transcription start site of the viral promoter was det ... | 1996 | 8914529 |
| protein and energy value of dehydrated poultry excreta in diets for feedlot cattle. | four holstein steers (222 kg) with cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum were used in a crossover design experiment to evaluate the energy and protein value of dehydrated poultry excreta (dpe). dietary treatments contained (dm basis) 4% alfalfa hay, 8% sudangrass hay, 49% flaked barley, 8% cane molasses, 3% yellow grease, .8% urea, 1.4% limestone, .3% mineral salt, and .4% chromic oxide, plus 25% of either tapioca pellets or dpe. the dpe contained 42% ash and 27% cp (6% true protein). subs ... | 1996 | 8904699 |
| properties of alpha-hydroxynitrile lyase from the petiole of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). | alpha-hydroxynitrile lyase (hnl, acetone-cyanohydrin lyase, ec 4.1.2.37) was purified to homogeneity from petioles of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). the purified hnl is a homotetramer with a subunit molecular weight of 25,600 and an isoelectric point of 4.7. the hnl activity exhibits a ph optimum of 5.0 and is stable in the ph range of 6 to 11. the petiole hnl shows a simple michaelis-menten kinetics with km for acetone cyanohydrin of 4.0 +/- 0.9 mm and vmax of 46.2 +/- 5.0 micromol/min/mg. ... | 1996 | 8900417 |
| toxic models of upper motor neuron disease. | although neurotoxic models for progressive degeneration of both the anterior horn cell and the betz cell do not exist, (neuro)lathyrism and neurocassavism (konzo) are examples of self limiting neurotoxic disorders that predominantly target the betz cell. both disorders are caused by the continuous intake of neurotoxic plant products (lathyrus sativus and manihot esculenta, respectively) which result in a virtually identical clinical picture of spastic paraparesis. a neurotoxic excitatory amino a ... | 1996 | 8899659 |
| energy metabolism in relation to physical activity in growing pigs as affected by type of dietary carbohydrate. | the effect of dietary carbohydrate source on physical activity in relation to metabolic rate in pigs was studied. six groups of 12 pigs (50-kg, castrated males) were fed one of two diets: a starch diet or a non-starch polysaccharide (nsp) diet. both diets had a similar calculated net energy content. the starch diet contained 13% tapioca, and the nsp diet contained 17% sugar beet pulp silage. pigs were housed in groups and fed at approximately two times maintenance (approximately 900 kj me.kg-.75 ... | 1996 | 8880425 |
| lactic acid fermentation of cassava dough into agbelima. | the souring of cassava dough during fermentation into the fermented cassava meal, agbelima, was investigated. four different types of traditional inocula were used to ferment the dough and increases in titrable acidity expressed as lactic acid from 0.31-0.38 to 0.78-0.91% (w/w) confirmed the fermentation to be a process of acidification. the microflora of all inocula and fermenting dough contained high counts of lactic acid bacteria, 10(8)-10(9) cfu/g in all inocula and 10(7)-10(8), 10(8)-10(9) ... | 1996 | 8880299 |
| enzyme inhibitors in tuber crops and their thermal stability. | tubers of cassava (manihot esculenta), yams (dioscorea esculenta), aroids (amorphophallus campanulatus, colocasia esculenta, xanthosoma sagittfolium) and coleus (solenostemon rotundifolius) were screened for inhibitory activities against amylase, trypsin and chymotrypsin. coleus tuber possessed the highest anti-amylase activity, whereas colocasia tuber was the most potent source of anti-tryptic and anti-chymotryptic activity. xanthosoma tubers exhibited amylase inhibitory activity and amorphopha ... | 1995 | 8833431 |
| identification of potential active-site residues in the hydroxynitrile lyase from manihot esculenta by site-directed mutagenesis. | the hydroxynitrile lyase from cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) (ec 4.1.2.37) catalyzes the decomposition of the achiral alpha-hydroxynitrile acetone cyanohydrin into hcn and acetone during cyanogenesis of damaged plants. this enzyme can also be used for stereoselective synthesis of a wide array of (s)-cyanohydrins by addition of hcn to aldehydes or ketones. optically active cyanohydrins are interesting intermediates for the synthesis of alpha-hydroxy acids, alpha-hydroxy ketones, or beta-ethan ... | 1996 | 8824213 |
| cyanide detoxification in rats exposed to acetonitrile and fed a low protein diet. | different neurological syndromes have been associated with exposure to cyanide. dietary cyanide exposure from cassava roots combined with a low intake of the sulfur amino acids necessary for cyanide detoxification has been implicated in the causation of konzo, an upper motoneuron disease identified in africa. we have investigated the effect of a low protein diet on the capacity for cyanide detoxification. rats were fed normal chow containing 18% protein or a low protein diet with 5% protein. to ... | 1996 | 8812227 |
| effect of cassava bread supplementation on energy intake of rats. | the effect of supplementing semi-purified diet of rats with milled cassava bread was investigated. total food intake and weight gain were measured in ad libitum and pair fed animals. plasma triglyceride levels were determined at the beginning and end of the experimental period. cassava bread supplementation did not increase total food intake of the animals therefore resulted in a lower food efficiency ratio (fer) of the diet when animals were fed ad libitum. when the animals were pair fed, fer w ... | 1993 | 8779623 |
| effects of cassava diet on cercopithecus aethiops livers: a case for cassava as the cause of both tropical splenomegaly syndrome (tss) and endomyocardial fibrosis (emf). | the aetiology of endomyocardial fibrosis (emf) and tropical splenomegaly syndrome (tss) though speculative, was considered by the author to be the same or related since the two diseases may occur in the same individual and locality. accordingly, when attempting to prove a hypothesis for the causation of emf that prolonged ingestion of tuber (cassava/tapioca) associated with extreme deprivation of protein causes emf; one group of three cercopithecus aethiops was fed on uncooked cassava while a se ... | 1996 | 8756024 |
| effect of protein deficient cassava diet on cercopithecus aethiops hearts and its possible role in the aetiology and pathogenesis of endomyocardial fibrosis in man. | despite the current hypotheses for its causation, the exact cause of endmyocardial fibrosis is unknown. however, endomyocardial fibrosis being a disease of the low socio-economic groups who feed on low protein high carbohydrate diets consisting exclusively of cassava in uganda and the demonstration by the author of a bimodal age distribution among the female patients and monomodal pattern in the male patients, led the author to suspect protein deficiency and cassava as aetiological factors there ... | 1996 | 8756020 |
| effect of protein supplemented cassava diet in rats. | the effect of feeding rats with cassava diet (tapioca) has been investigated with respect to the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and levels of tbars. by varying the levels of protein in the diet and cyanide content of cassava, the possible role of a high protein diet in the prevention of oxidant stress has been shown. rhodanese which detoxifes cyanide is also found to be inhibited in rats fed low protein diet while the inhibition was only marginal in the high protein fed groups. | 1996 | 8754627 |
| growth kinetics of saccharomyces cerevisiae in batch and fed-batch cultivation using sugarcane molasses and glucose syrup from cassava starch. | growth kinetics of saccharomyces cerevisiae in glucose syrup from cassava starch and sugarcane molasses were studied using batch and fed-batch cultivation. the optimum temperature and ph required for growth were 30 degrees c and ph 5.5, respectively. in batch culture the productivity and overall cell yield were 0.31 g l-1 h-1 and 0.23 g cells g-1 sugar, respectively, on glucose syrup and 0.22 g l-1 h-1 and 0.18 g cells g-1 sugar, respectively, on molasses. in fed-batch cultivation, a productivit ... | 1996 | 8730575 |
| agricultural and food policies. some concerns regarding their nutritional relevance. | in recent times, nutrition analysts have been emphasizing the fact that the most critical nutritional unfulfilled need in underdeveloped countries is energy or quantity of food. this has prompted some leading food economist and agricultural policy makers to promote the extensive cultivation of high field inexpensive staples, including starchy roots and tubers. a typical example is cassava in many african countries and indonesia. these foods not only have very little and poor quality protein, but ... | 1995 | 8729246 |
| the influence of dietary salt level on water consumption, farrowing, and reproductive performance of lactating sows. | during two consecutive lactations using a switch-back design, 16 sows received a corn, cassava, barley, and soybean meal diet supplemented with either 8.5 or 1 g/kg of nacl (.4% na or .1% na, respectively). the average daily water consumption during the 4-wk lactation period was greater (p < .01) for the sows fed the high-salt diet than for those fed the low-salt diet (13.9 vs 12.4 l, respectively). urine production accounted for 27% of the water intake during lactation. this resulted in a diffe ... | 1996 | 8726736 |
| the stability of stored gari. | gari is a widely consumed stored staple from cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). processing involves peeling, grating, fermentation, dewatering and roasting, resulting in a granular product. it is a shelf stable food consumed as processed or cooked. when retailed, it is subject to post-process contamination. investigations were carried out to establish the stability of processed gari. samples of various water activities (a(w)) were packaged in 250 gauge polyethylene bags with or without vacuum p ... | 1996 | 8722193 |
| co-purification from escherichia coli of a plant beta-glucosidase-glutathione s-transferase fusion protein and the bacterial chaperonin groel. | the coding sequence of the mature cyanogenic beta-d-glucosidase (beta-d-glucoside glucohydrolase, ec 3.2.1.21) (linamarase) of manihot esculenta crantz (cassava) was cloned into the vector pgex-2t and expressed in escherichia coli. the bacterial chaperonin groel [braig, otwinowski, hedge, boisvert, joachimiak, horwich and sigler (1994) nature (london) 371, 578-586] was found to be tightly associated with the fusion protein and co-purified with it. in the presence of excess mgatp, release and fol ... | 1996 | 8660308 |
| resistance to geminivirus infection by virus-induced expression of dianthin in transgenic plants. | ribosome-inactivating proteins (rips) are naturally occurring plant toxins that exhibit antiviral activity against a diverse range of plant and animal viruses. here, the action of dianthin, a potent rip isolated from dianthus caryophyllus, has been exploited to engineer resistance to a plant dna virus, african cassava mosaic virus (acmv), in transgenic nicotiana benthamiana. to achieve this, dianthin has been expressed from the acmv virion-sense promoter that is transactivated by the product of ... | 1996 | 8659104 |
| molecular cloning of the full-length cdna of (s)-hydroxynitrile lyase from hevea brasiliensis. functional expression in escherichia coli and saccharomyces cerevisiae and identification of an active site residue. | the full-length cdna of (s)-hydroxynitrile lyase (hnl) from leaves of hevea brasiliensis (tropical rubber tree) was cloned by an immunoscreening and sequenced. hnl from h. brasiliensis is involved in the biodegradation of cyanogenic glycosides and also catalyzes the stereospecific synthesis of aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic cyanohydrins, which are important as precursors for pharmaceutical compounds. the open reading frame identified in a 1. 1-kilobase cdna fragment codes for a protein of ... | 1996 | 8621461 |
| characterization of cassava common mosaic virus and a defective rna species. | the genome of cassava common mosaic potexvirus (cscmv) has been sequenced from cdna clones and consists of 6376 nucleotides (nt). a 76 nt untranslated region (utr) at the 5' terminus was followed by orf1 which potentially encodes a protein of 1449 amino acids (aa). orfs 2, 3, and 4 were predicted to encode proteins of 231, 112 and 97 aa, respectively. orf5 potentially encodes a 229 aa protein of 25 kda that is similar to the coat proteins of other potexviruses. the 3'-terminal utr of 114 nt was ... | 1996 | 8601791 |
| analysis of the cyanide metabolite 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. | the cyanide metabolite 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (atc) was converted to n-carbamylcysteine and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) and fluorometric detection. atc was first separated from interfering substances by passing through the cation exchanger ag 50w-x8. interfering disulfides were converted to thiols by reduction of the eluate with thiopropyl-sepharose 6b. the thiols were then absorbed to the organomercurial absorbent p-acetoxymercurianiline-sepharose 4b w ... | 1995 | 8572284 |
| [digestion, growth and body composition of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) after feeding different starch varieties]. | maize starch (treatment i), pregelatinized maize starch (ii), wheat starch (iii), pregelatinized wheat starch (iv), potato starch (v) or manioc meal (vi) were mixed in portions of 41% (i-v) or 46.7% (vi) to a basal diet. each experimental diet was fed to 33 carp (cyprinus carpio l.) (three aquaria with 11 carp each) in a daily amount of 1.8-2.0% of live weight. the experiment lasted 118 days and the carp had a mean live weight of 146 g at the beginning. the diets i-iv had a similar, high energy ... | 1993 | 8517771 |
| tapioca melanoma of the iris. | clinical identification of tapioca melanoma of the iris is important because its medical treatment may differ from that of other malignant iris melanomas. the characteristic iris nodules must be differentiated from granulomatous uveitis, metastases, and lisch nodules (neurofibromatosis). we will discuss the anterior segment findings, secondary glaucoma, and fluorescein iris angiographic and histopathologic data from two patients, one with a single nodular type and one with a seeding type of tapi ... | 1993 | 8517592 |
| detection and possible functions of african cassava mosaic virus dna b gene products. | polyclonal antisera raised against synthetic oligopeptides have been used to detect the dna b gene products bv1 and bc1 of the geminivirus african cassava mosaic virus following sds-page fractionation of nicotiana benthamiana extracts. bv1 antiserum detected a soluble protein of 29 kda, consistent with the size predicted from sequence data. bc1 antiserum detected proteins of 37, 39, and 42 kda in addition to variable, less abundant species, all of which are larger than the predicted size of 34 k ... | 1993 | 8517019 |
| effect of processing on the mycoflora and aflatoxin b1 level of a cassava-based product. | cassava bread was prepared by pre-gelling, battering and baking cassava flour to which were added, in moderate amounts, sugar, yeast solution and edible oil. baking was at 215 degrees c for 40 min. no mould was isolated from the cassava bread and the mean value of aflatoxin b1 (afb1) for the three subsamples of cassava bread was 0.03 microgram/kg. the cassava tuber (manihot esculenta crantz), which was used for the production of cassava bread had an initial afb1 level of 1.91 micrograms/kg and t ... | 1993 | 8506233 |
| the effects of chronic cassava consumption, cyanide intoxication and protein malnutrition on glucose tolerance in growing rats. | intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests were performed at 4-week intervals in groups of weanling rats before and after feeding with maize- or cassava-based diets with and without adequate protein and sublethal cyanide supplementation. weaning weights were doubled (increase of about 50 g) after 4 weeks on control (maize-based with adequate protein) and protein-replete diets. weight gain on the protein-deficient diets was much less (22 g or 50%), a pattern maintained by the rats on these diets unt ... | 1993 | 8457533 |
| the epidemiology of iodine-deficiency disorders in relation to goitrogenic factors and thyroid-stimulating-hormone regulation. | in children aged 5-7 y from goiter-endemic areas in ubangi, zaire, and ntcheu, malawi, mean serum thyroxin (t4) concentrations were 53 +/- 49 vs 81 +/- 33 nmol/l (p < 0.05), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (tsh) values were 24.3 +/- 9.6 vs 4.5 +/- 3.3 mu/l respectively (p < 0.01); mean urinary iodine concentrations were 0.14 +/- 0.02 vs 0.09 +/- 0.02 mumol/l, and mean thiocyanate concentrations were 0.33 +/- 0.05 vs 0.17 +/- 0.05 nmol/l, respectively (p < 0.05). mean serum selenium concentration ... | 1993 | 8427202 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of pepper huasteco virus: analysis and comparison with bipartite geminiviruses. | the complete nucleotide sequence of pepper huasteco geminivirus (phv) isolated in northern mexico was determined. the phv genome consists of two circular ssdna molecules of 2631 bases (phv a) and 2589 bases (phv b). phv has a genome organization typical of a bipartite geminivirus with four open reading frames (orfs) (ar1, al1, al2 and al3) in component a and two (br1 and bl1) in component b. an unexpected orf was found in the complementary sense strand of phv a. this orf, termed al5, is found en ... | 1993 | 8409944 |
| glycemic response and lipemic index of rice, raggi and tapioca as compared to wheat diet in human. | carbohydrate rich diet, rice, raggi or tapioca given to individuals of both sexes for 15 days did not alter the glycemic response (after oral glucose loading) as compared to an isocaloric wheat basal back ground diet. however, plasma cholesterol profile was reduced significantly by raggi and tapioca. raggi reduced total serum cholesterol; low density lipoprotein cholesterol by 9% each, triglycerides by 15% and increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol, showing a significant beneficial effec ... | 1993 | 8388856 |
| characteristics of ruminal and total tract digestion of canola meal and soybean meal in a high-energy diet for feedlot cattle. | four holstein steers (233 kg) with ruminal cannulas and "t" cannulas in the proximal duodenum were used in a 4 x 4 latin square experiment to evaluate characteristics of ruminal and total tract digestion of a generic (cm-40, 40% cp) and a high-protein (cm-46, 46% cp) variety of canola meal (cm) compared with a conventional, solvent-extracted soybean meal (sbm). treatments consisted of an 80% concentrate diet that contained 20% tapioca (tp) or 20% of the respective test protein sources. supplemen ... | 1993 | 8385091 |
| specificity of bipartite geminivirus movement proteins. | pseudorecombinants produced by exchanging genome components (dnas a and b) of the geminiviruses african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) and indian cassava mosaic virus (icmv), acmv, and tomato golden mosaic virus (tgmv), and tgmv and abutilon mosaic virus (abmv) are not infectious in their common host nicotiana benthamiana. in each case, dna a was unable to trans-replicate the heterogenomic dna b component in a n. benthamiana leaf disc assay. the non-viability of the pseudorecombinants has been expl ... | 1993 | 8372440 |
| rapid production of full-length, infectious geminivirus clones by abutting primer pcr (abp-pcr). | the application of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method of dna amplification for the isolation of full-length, infectious clones of geminiviruses is described. non-overlapping, abutting 20-mer oligonucleotide primers were used to produce a linear product from the circular geminivirus genomic template. clones of african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) dna a, obtained by this method, were infectious following mechanical inoculation (in the presence of acmv dna b) onto nicotiana benthamiana. norm ... | 1993 | 8360316 |
| microdiffusion method with solid state detection of cyanogenic glycosides from cassava in human urine. | a method for quantitative determination of cyanogenic glycosides in human urine is described. it is based on enzymatic cleavage of the glycosides, microdiffusion of the hydrogen cyanide formed, solid state detection by colour formation on a picrate-impregnated sheet, and subsequent rating of the coloured spot by the absorption of transmitted light at 540 nm with a thin-layer (tlc) densitometer. the method has been tested using normal as well as pathological urines containing glucose, protein, le ... | 1993 | 8349206 |
| pathological changes in growing dogs fed on a balanced cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) diet. | studies were carried out to determine the effects of the toxic principle linamarin, a cyanogenic glucoside, in a diet containing cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) in the form of gari fed to growing dogs for 14 weeks. there were three groups of dogs, each comprising six animals. one group was fed on a control diet with rice as the carbohydrate source, the second group was fed on cassava (gari) as the carbohydrate source and which was expected to release 10.8 mg hcn/kg cooked food, the third grou ... | 1993 | 8329365 |
| relative preference for starch and sugar in rats. | when given a choice between fluids containing equal amounts of corn starch or glucose, fischer rats preferred the fluid containing starch when the fluids contained 0.5%, 1%, 5%, or 20% carbohydrate, but not when the fluids contained 10% carbohydrate. fischer rats preferred 0.5% sucrose over 0.5% starch on the first day of testing, but then switched to preferring starch. rats of the cd strain also preferred 0.5% starch over 0.5% sucrose or 0.5% glucose, but showed no reliable preference when offe ... | 1993 | 8295964 |
| [malaria indices, larval ecology and trophic activity of anopheles mosquitoes in djohong (adamaoua, cameroon) in the rainy season]. | in djohong in the wet season the prevalence of malaria is 17.5% for plasmodium falciparum and 1.1% for plasmodium malariae. in children 2 to 9 years of age the plasmodic index is 38.6% (mesoendemicity) for the children of the peasants and 9.4% for those belonging to other socioeconomical groups. in infants less than 12 months old, the plasmodic index is 9.3%, this relatively high rate corresponding to the high transmission period of the rainy season. anopheles gambiae is the mosquito species mos ... | 1993 | 8289630 |
| replication of the dna a component of african cassava mosaic virus in a heterologous system. | the capacity for autonomous replication of the dna a of african cassava mosaic virus (acmv), a member of the bipartite geminiviruses infecting dicotyledonous plants, has been compared in host and non-host cells. a derivative of the acmv dna a was transfected into tobacco and maize protoplasts. although acmv is not able to infect maize, replication of the dna a in maize protoplasts was observed to occur. the efficiency of replication was 10 to 20% of that seen in tobacco protoplasts. in both plan ... | 1993 | 8277277 |
| comparative epidemiology of three tropical whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses. | spatial and temporal patterns of spread of african cassava mosaic, okra leaf curl and tobacco leaf curl viruses in west africa, east africa and india share some general characteristics. by comparing the results and running new analyses on available data, it is shown that the epidemiology of these viruses is controlled by the same key variables. for instance, spatial spread is characterised by strong border effects due to accumulation of whitefly vectors (bemisia tabaci) on the wind-exposed field ... | 1993 | 8268255 |
| [an epidemiological survey to discover the probable places of infection with sleeping sickness in the central african republic]. | the sleeping sickness focus at nola-bilolo in the forest region was the subject of a survey of 142 patients in order to discover their probable places of infection. seventy of these patients had been detected by active case-finding during a survey conducted in january-february 1991; the other 12 had been discovered by passive case-finding during 1990. the sample of actively detected patients is significantly younger (average 22 +/- 3 years) than the sample detected passively (30 +/- 3 years). th ... | 1993 | 8261564 |
| isolation and characterization of a cdna encoding granule-bound starch synthase in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) and its antisense expression in potato. | a tuber-specific cdna library of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) was constructed and a full-length cdna for granule-bound starch synthase (gbss, also known as waxy protein), the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of amylose in reserve starch, was cloned. sequencing of the cloned cdna showed that it has 74% identity with potato gbss and 60-72% identity with gbss from other plant species. the cdna encodes a 608 amino acid protein of which 78 amino acids form a chloroplast/amyloplast transit p ... | 1993 | 8260633 |
| nucleotide sequence evidence for the occurrence of three distinct whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses in cassava. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the dna of indian cassava mosaic virus (icmv) and a key part of that of a group b isolate of african cassava mosaic virus from malawi (acmv-m) were determined and compared at the nucleotide and encoded amino acid levels with the published sequences of an acmv group a isolate (acmv-k) and other whitefly-transmitted gemini-viruses (wtgs). the dna of icmv consists of two circular single-stranded molecules, dna-a [2815 nucleotides (nt)] and dna-b (2645 nt), which ... | 1993 | 8245859 |
| the nucleotide sequence and genome structure of mung bean yellow mosaic geminivirus. | complete nucleotide sequences of the infectious cloned dna components (dna 1 and dna 2) of mung bean yellow mosaic virus (mymv) were determined. mymv dna 1 and dna 2 consists of 2,723 and 2,675 nucleotides respectively. dna 1 and dna 2 have little sequence similarity except for a region of approximately 200 bases which is almost identical in the two molecules. analysis of open reading frames revealed nine potential coding regions for proteins of mol. wt. > 10,000, six in dna 1 and three in dna 2 ... | 1993 | 8231962 |
| worldwide production of high-fructose syrup and crystalline fructose. | high-fructose syrups (hfs) are now manufactured and used in many countries throughout the world. they are produced from a variety of starch raw materials including corn, rice, tapioca, wheat, cassava, and sugar beet pulp. production of hfs is highly dependent on local sucrose and economics of agricultural raw materials. hfs is produced and consumed in the largest quantity in the united states by using corn starch as the raw material. eastern europe, the former soviet union, and asia are major gr ... | 1993 | 8213604 |
| purification, characterization, and cloning of alpha-hydroxynitrile lyase from cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). | alpha-hydroxynitrile lyase (hnl, acetone cyanohydrin lyase, ec 4.1.2.37) was purified to homogeneity from young leaves of the cyanogenic tropical crop plant cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). the purified protein is a homo-trimer with a subunit relative molecular mass of 28,500 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the active protein is not glycosylated and does not contain a flavin group. hnl exhibits complex kinetics which vary according to substrate concentration and ... | 1994 | 8203915 |
| sensory and physical properties of a reduced-calorie frozen dessert system made with milk fat and sucrose substitutes. | effects of milk fat and sucrose substitutes on selected physical and sensory properties of a frozen dessert system were evaluated by sensory and instrumental methods. analysis of variance revealed no significant differences in textural attributes between sucrose and polydextrose-aspartame in freshly prepared frozen desserts and few differences after storage (140 d). polydextroseaspartame effectively compensated for functional properties that normally are conferred by sucrose and some that are co ... | 1994 | 8169278 |
| apparent digestibility and retention of nutrients bound to phytate complexes as influenced by microbial phytase and feeding regimen in pigs. | five barrows of approximately 45 kg bw, fitted with post-valvular t-cecum cannulas at the ileo-cecal junction, were assigned randomly to five treatments (5 x 5 latin square design) to assess the effect of microbial phytase and feeding regimen (frequency and level) on the apparent digestibilities (total tract [attd] and ileal [aid]) and retention of nutrients. a corn-tapioca-soybean meal diet of low intrinsic phytase activity, containing no added inorganic p, was fed either without or with microb ... | 1994 | 8138479 |
| expression of tgmv antisense rna in transgenic tobacco inhibits replication of bctv but not acmv geminiviruses. | transgenic tobacco plants expressing an antisense rna targeted against tomato golden mosaic virus (tgmv) show reduced/no symptoms and viral dna accumulation upon tgmv infection [5]. the targeted region includes the al1 gene, encoding an essential viral replication protein. this dna sequence is conserved in various other geminiviruses, suggesting they too might show inhibition of replication in these plants. we infected leaf material with african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) and beet curly top vir ... | 1994 | 8111023 |
| utilisation of dried caged-hen manure and cassava peels for intensive sheep production. | twenty grower ewes with an average weight of 14.3 +/- 3.7 kg were allotted to 5 dietary treatments. the diets contained 0, 13, 25, 35 and 45% dried caged-hen manure which replaced 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%, respectively of the conventional protein supplements. the animals were fed 55.0 g/w0.75 kg/day of the concentrate food during a 104 days growth study. air dried cassava peels and water were also provided ad libitum. the differences in average total dry matter intake were not statistically signif ... | 1993 | 8109058 |
| food shortages and an epidemic of optic and peripheral neuropathy in cuba. | from late 1991 to mid-1993, cases of optic neuropathy of unknown etiology, which first appeared in unusual numbers in a western province of cuba, spread and multiplied throughout the island. the dominant symptoms changed, becoming increasingly those of peripheral neuropathy. incidence rates peaked in april 1993. an estimated 50,000 cases were reported. the majority were adult men and women (aged about 25-65), with comparatively few children or elderly people being affected. the cause has yet to ... | 1993 | 8108040 |
| cassava processing, consumption, and cyanide toxicity. | the frequency of cassava consumption was investigated among three groups of people representing students from traditional and nontraditional cassava-consuming environments and cassava processors. of these, 64% of the students at obafemi awolowo university, ile-ife, 38% of those at the federal university of technology, akure, and 44% of the cassava processors consumed cassava products at least once a day, while 4, 35, and 28% of the groups, respectively, were moderate consumers (4-6 times a week) ... | 1994 | 8078089 |
| antithyroid effects in vivo and in vitro of babassu and mandioca: a staple food in goiter areas of brazil. | babassu (orbignya phalerata), a palm-tree coconut fruit, mixed with mandioca (manihot utilissima) is the staple food of people living in the endemic goiter area of maranhao in brazil, where goiter prevalence among schoolchildren was still 38% in 1986 despite an adequate iodine intake in most of the population. therefore, the question arose as to whether or not the ingestion of babassu alone or mixed with mandioca contributed to the persistence of endemic goiter in this area of brazil. in this in ... | 1994 | 8075782 |
| evaluation of the effects of varying solute content on the efficacy of oral rehydration solutions in a rat model of secretory diarrhoea. | a series of in vivo steady-state perfusion studies in cholera toxin-induced secreting rat intestine were carried out to investigate net water, sodium, and potassium absorption and water influx and efflux from a range of oral rehydration solutions (orss) in which the glucose content had been partially replaced by amino acids or food supplements and the sodium content had been reduced to 60 mm. the reference solution used was the world health organization formula. there was a significant correlati ... | 1994 | 8071782 |
| investigation of the active site of the cyanogenic beta-d-glucosidase (linamarase) from manihot esculenta crantz (cassava). ii. identification of glu-198 as an active site carboxylate group with acid catalytic function. | the broad-specificity cyanogenic beta-d-glucosidase (beta-d-glucoside glucohydrolase, ec 3.2.1.21) (linamarase) from manihot esculenta crantz (cassava) was irreversibly inactivated by n-bromoacetyl-beta-d-glucopyranosylamine according to pseudo-first-order kinetics with a second-order efficiency constant (ki/ki = 0.1 min-1 m-1) identical for p-nitrophenyl-beta-d-glucopyranosidase, p-nitrophenyl-beta-d-galactopyranosidase, and linamarase activities of the enzyme. the competitive inhibitor p-nitro ... | 1994 | 7986074 |
| nutritional characteristics of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) leaf protein concentrates obtained by ultrafiltration and acidic thermocoagulation. | some nutritional characteristics of cassava (manihot esculenta) leaf protein concentrates obtained by ultrafiltration were compared with that obtained by acidic thermocoagulation. protein concentrates did not show noticeable differences in their proximal composition and amino acids content. however, higher values of total carotene, available lysine, and in vitro digestibility were found, in contrast with less content of total cyanide in protein concentrates obtained by ultrafiltration. protein e ... | 1994 | 7971777 |
| comparison of freeze-dried and extruded spirulina platensis as yolk pigmenting agents. | experiment 1 was an 8-wk study with japanese quail fed 0, .5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0% of freeze-dried spirulina or the dry equivalent of fresh spirulina extruded with corn. experiment 2 was a 16-wk repeat of experiment 1 using levels of 0, .25, .5, 1.0, and 2.0% spirulina. in the third experiment, corn, barley, and cassava were extruded with fresh spirulina equal to 1% of the dried product, and each feedstuff fed with 1% freeze-dried spirulina. four replicates of five quail were assigned to each trea ... | 1994 | 7971672 |
| lethal mutations within the conserved stem-loop of african cassava mosaic virus dna are rapidly corrected by genomic recombination. | the nonanucleotide motif taatattac occurs in the intergenic region of all geminiviruses that have been examined to date. the motif is invariably located within the loop of a potential stem-loop structure that has been implicated in viral dna replication. to investigate the contribution of these sequences to virus proliferation, african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) dna b mutants have been screened for their ability to infect nicotiana benthamiana when co-inoculated with dna a. mutants in which the ... | 1994 | 7964630 |
| investigation of the active site of the cyanogenic beta-d-glucosidase (linamarase) from manihot esculenta crantz (cassava). i. evidence for an essential carboxylate and a reactive histidine residue in a single catalytic center. | the broad-specificity cyanogenic beta-d-glucosidase (beta-d-glucoside glucohydrolase, ec 3.2.1.21) (linamarase) from manihot esculenta crantz (cassava) was kinetically characterized in mixed substrate systems and with the transition-state analogue glucono(1-5)lactone and a series of 1-thio substrate analogues. the results indicate a common catalytic and a common sugar binding site in the enzyme for all of the investigated substrates. kinetic parameters of the hydrolysis of linamarin and p-nitrop ... | 1994 | 7944386 |
| feeding value of poultry by-products extruded with cassava, barley, and wheat middlings for broiler chicks: the effect of ensiling poultry by-products as a preservation method prior to extrusion. | in one experiment, six treatment diets including two levels of cassava meal, barley, or wheat middlings extruded with poultry by-products (pbp; a 3:1 ratio of broiler offal and condemned carcasses) were compared with a corn and soybean meal control diet for broiler performance from 1 d to 3 wk of age. no treatment differences in body weight (p > .05) were observed, and all chicks averaged 166, 421, and 788 g at 1, 2, and 3 wk of age, respectively. weight gain and feed consumption were not affect ... | 1994 | 7937472 |
| economic comparison of nutritional management strategies for venezuelan dual-purpose cattle systems. | objectives of this study were to compare three nutritional management strategies for dual-purpose herds in venezuela in 1987 using a deterministic, multiperiod linear programming model of a representative farm. the model maximized discounted net margin (total revenues minus variable costs) from the herd for a 3-yr cow replacement cycle partitioned into six periods. the periods accounted for seasonal variation in forage availability and quality, and the model provided information about optimal an ... | 1994 | 7928747 |
| starch branching enzymes belonging to distinct enzyme families are differentially expressed during pea embryo development. | cdna clones for two isoforms of starch branching enzyme (sbei and sbeii) have been isolated from pea embryos and sequenced. the deduced amino acid sequences of pea sbei and sbeii are closely related to starch branching enzymes of maize, rice, potato and cassava and a number of glycogen branching enzymes from yeast, mammals and several prokaryotic species. in comparison with sbei, the deduced amino acid sequence of sbeii lacks a flexible domain at the n-terminus of the mature protein. this domain ... | 1995 | 7894509 |
| multiple secondary plant product udp-glucose glucosyltransferase genes expressed in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) cotyledons. | six different putative udp-glucose glucosyltransferase clones were isolated from a cassava cotyledon cdna library probed with an acc i-bgl ii restriction fragment from a udp-glucose flavonoid 3-o-glucosyltransferase from antirrhinum majus. the heterologous probe contained a glucosyltransferase consensus signature amino acid sequence which was also present in the cassava cdna clones. nucleotide and derived amino acid sequences are presented for two of the clones. northern analysis showed differen ... | 1994 | 7894058 |
| studies on the effectiveness, safety and acceptability of fluids from local foodstuffs in the prevention and management of dehydration caused by diarrhoea in children. | two fluids derived from local staple food, manioc salt solution (mss) and pap salt solution (pss) were assessed and compared with the world health organization/oral rehydration solution (who/ors) in 333 children aged between 6 and 60 months in a clinical trial. all the children had some dehydration after episodes of acute watery diarrhoea using who criteria. all the children who were placed on mss and pss, as well as ors were satisfactorily rehydrated. there was no significant difference in pre- ... | 1994 | 7853442 |
| tomato leaf curl geminivirus from india has a bipartite genome and coat protein is not essential for infectivity. | genomes of two isolates of tomato leaf curl geminivirus from india (tolcv-india) have been sequenced. tolcv-india contains a and b components, both of which are required for systemic movement and symptom development. the two isolates have 94% sequence identify but one isolate gave mild symptoms in nicotiana benthamiana and tomato. the genome organization of tolcv-india is similar to other whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses (wtgs) with bipartite genomes. however, it contains an additional orf, av ... | 1995 | 7844539 |
| analysis of african cassava mosaic virus recombinants suggests strand nicking occurs within the conserved nonanucleotide motif during the initiation of rolling circle dna replication. | intact clones containing partial repeats of the genomic components of african cassava mosaic (acmv dnas a and b) are infectious when mechanically coinoculated onto nicotiana benthamiana. monomeric genomic components may be generated either by homologous recombination or, when two copies of the origin of replication (ori) are present, by a modified rolling circle replication mechanism in which nascent single-stranded dna is resolved by the introduction of nicks at both oris. dna b partial repeats ... | 1995 | 7831830 |
| nutrient content of young cassava leaves and assessment of their acceptance as a green vegetable in nigeria. | cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) leaves contained a high level of crude protein (29.3-32.4% dry weight) compared to a conventional vegetable, amaranthus (19.6%). ash was 4.6-6.4% in cassava leaf samples but 13.1% dry weight in amaranthus. dietary fibre was very high in all samples (26.9-39% dry weight) while hcn-potential was low (5.1-12.6 mg/100 g dry weight). tannin was the highest in iita red cassava leaves (29.7 mg/g) and the lowest in amaranthus vegetable. in vitro digestibility was very ... | 1995 | 7784394 |
| toward the construction of a molecular map of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz): comparison of restriction enzymes and probe sources in detecting rflps. | the construction of a detailed genetic map of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz), classified as a tetraploid species, depends on the ability of cloned sequences to detect polymorphisms. as a first step in developing this map, 200 cloned nuclear sequences generated with different restriction enzymes were hybridized to total digested dna from eleven cultivated lines and one wild manihot species, m. aesculifolia. polymorphism was detected less frequently with both bamhi and ecori genomic probes tha ... | 1993 | 7765314 |
| a survey of the incidence of salmonella species and enterobacteriaceae in poultry feeds and feed components. | between july 1990 and april 1991 the rate of contamination with salmonella species of poultry feeds and feed components used by the dutch feed industry was surveyed. ten per cent of 360, 10 g samples of poultry feeds were found to be contaminated. mash feeds, mostly used for layer-breeders, were far more frequently (21 per cent) contaminated than pelleted feeds (1.4 per cent). the rate of contamination of 130 samples of fish meal was 31 per cent, of 83 samples of meat and bone meal 4 per cent, 5 ... | 1995 | 7762127 |
| chinese squash leaf curl virus: a new whitefly-transmitted geminivirus. | coat protein (cp) gene of the chinese squash leaf curl virus (sqlcv-c) was amplified through pcr, cloned and completely sequenced. based on the comparisons at the levels of both cp gene nucleotide and cp-deduced amino acid sequences with other geminiviruses, sqlcv-c is confirmed to be distinct from the american squash leaf curl virus (sqlcv-e). it is a new geminivirus transmitted by whitefly bemisia tabaci, which infects dicotyledonous plants and is more closely related to the indian cassava mos ... | 1995 | 7755872 |
| molecular cloning of indian tomato leaf curl virus genome following a simple method of concentrating the supercoiled replicative form of viral dna. | dna-a and dna-b components of the genome of a whitefly transmitted virus causing yellowing and leaf curl in tomato (itlcv) were cloned following a simple procedure for isolation of the double stranded replicative form of viral dna from infected tomato plants. the method is based on extraction of total dna from infected plants followed by concentration of the double stranded replicative form of viral dna by an alkaline denaturation procedure identical to that used for isolation of plasmid dna fro ... | 1995 | 7738150 |
| mutagenesis of the bc1 and bv1 genes of african cassava mosaic virus identifies conserved amino acids that are essential for spread. | the products of three open reading frames encoded by the bipartite geminiviruses have been implicated in viral spread: ac2, bv1 and bc1. alignment of the dna b encoded gene products, bv1 and bc1, from african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) with six other bipartite geminiviruses showed several highly conserved regions. specific amino acids were selected for mutagenic studies to ascertain the tolerance of the virus to change and to identify the regions within these two proteins required for normal fu ... | 1995 | 7730816 |
| characterization of cassava vein mosaic virus: a distinct plant pararetrovirus. | cassava vein mosaic virus (cvmv) was found to be widespread throughout the north-eastern region of brazil. the complete sequence of cvmv was determined, and the genome was 8158 bp in size. a cytosolic initiator methionine trna (trna met1)-binding site that probably acts as a primer for minus-strand synthesis was present. the genome contained five open reading frames that potentially encode proteins with predicted molecular masses of 186 kda, 9 kda, 77 kda, 24 kda and 26 kda. the putative 186 kda ... | 1995 | 7730813 |
| purification and characterization of alpha-amylase from aspergillus flavus. | aspergillus flavus produced approximately 50 u/ml of amylolytic activity when grown in liquid medium with raw low-grade tapioca starch as substrate. electrophoretic analysis of the culture filtrate showed the presence of only one amylolytic enzyme, identified as an alpha-amylase as evidenced by (i) rapid loss of color in iodine-stained starch and (ii) production of a mixture of glucose, maltose, maltotriose and maltotetraose as starch digestion products. the enzyme was purified by ammonium sulfa ... | 1994 | 7729774 |
| utilization of cassava peels as substrate for crude protein formation. | mash prepared from cassava peels was inoculated with either sacchromyces cerevisiae or candida tropicalis and then left to ferment for 7 days. chemical analysis of the fermented mash showed substantial increase in crude protein content and decrease in carbohydrate content of the mash. the results also revealed slight increases in the ash, fibre and lipid content of the fermented mash. it was further observed that, when the mash was supplemented with inorganic nitrogen sources (urea, ammonium sul ... | 1994 | 7716117 |
| consumer acceptability of stiff porridge based on various composite flour proportions of sorghum, maize and cassava. | a study was conducted to determine consumer acceptable proportions of flours in sorghum (var. serena) and maize or sorghum, maize and cassava composite flours. breeder's serena flour extracted at 75 percent was mixed at various proportions with maize or with maize and cassava to constitute composite flours. the various composite flours were made into stiff porridge and presented to a group of panellists for sensory evaluation. the evaluation was conducted by scoring on a hedonic scale of 0-5 for ... | 1994 | 7716110 |
| the adverse effects of long-term cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) consumption. | cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is an important dietary staple for more than 500 million people in developing countries. people eat 60% of the cassava produced and one third of the harvest feeds animals. all cultivars of cassava contain the cyanogenic glucoside, linamarin, but in different concentrations. the roots of those cultivars with high cyanogenic content are processed to reduce the level of linamarin, because linamarin is hydrolysed in the intestinal tract of both men and animals by m ... | 1995 | 7712344 |
| reduction of cyanide levels in cassava during sequential sundrying and solid state fermentation. | the cyanide levels were followed during protein enrichment of cassava by the fungus aspergilus oryzae. the total cyanogen level decreased by 158 mg/kg dry weight to 54.2 mg/kg dry weight as a result of the whole process including fermentation. the cyanogenic glucoside level decreased by 88% during the fermentation process while acetone cyanohydrin was retained in the cassava. the prefermentation processing which involved crushing, sundrying and milling the cassava into flour, reduced the total c ... | 1995 | 7712337 |
| cytosine methylation inhibits replication of african cassava mosaic virus by two distinct mechanisms. | extrachromosomally replicating viral dna is usually free of cytosine methylation and viral templates methylated in vitro are poor substrates when used in replication assays. we have investigated the mechanism of inhibition of viral replication by dna methylation using as a model the dna a of african cassava mosaic virus. we have constructed two component helper systems which allow for separation of the transcriptional inhibition of viral genes necessary for replication from replication inhibitio ... | 1993 | 7688453 |
| characteristics of digestion of linted and lint-free cottonseed in diets for feedlot cattle. | eight holstein steers (439 kg) with "t" cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum were used to evaluate the characteristics of digestion of pima cottonseed. treatments consisted of a basal growing-finishing diet containing (dm basis) 1) 15% tapioca, 2) 15% whole linted cottonseed (delta pine 61, dp); 3) 15% whole lint-free cottonseed (pima, pw), and 4) 15% ground pima cottonseed (pg). substitution of tapioca with cottonseed decreased (p < .05) ruminal and total tract digestion of om (10.8 and ... | 1995 | 7665354 |
| reducing cassava toxicity by heap-fermentation in uganda. | processing of cassava roots by the alur tribe in uganda includes a stage of solid substrate fermentation in heaps. changes in cyanogen levels during the process, microflora involved, and protein levels, amino acid patterns and mycotoxin contamination of the final products were studied. processing was monitored at six rural households and repeated at laboratory site, comparing it to sun-drying. flour samples from rural households were analysed for residual cyanogens, mutagenicity, cytotoxicity an ... | 1995 | 7621084 |
| evaluation of a layer diet formulated from non-conventional feedingstuffs. | 1. a layer diet, the formulation of which was based on several non-conventional feedingstuffs, was evaluated at the research station and under small farm conditions in sri lanka. the new feedingstuffs included finger millet, rice polishings, rubber seed meal, cassava leaf meal, ipil ipil leaf meal and dried poultry manure. a commercial mash, that is normally used on the farm, served as the control. 2. the performance and egg quality characteristics were similar between the test and control diets ... | 1995 | 7614021 |
| fate in humans of dietary intake of cyanogenic glycosides from roots of sweet cassava consumed in cuba. | we studied if consumption of boiled fresh roots from sweet cassava varieties grown in cuba resulted in exposure to cyanogenic glycosides and their final breakdown product, cyanide. when adult, nonsmoking subjects consumed 1-4 kg cassava over 2 days, their urinary levels of the main cyanide metabolite, thiocyanate, only increased from a mean +/- sem of 12 +/- 2 to 22 +/- 2 mumol/l, indicating a negligible cyanide exposure. their mean urinary linamarin, the main cyanogenic glucoside in cassava, in ... | 1995 | 7613736 |
| effective ribozyme delivery in plant cells. | hammerhead ribozyme sequences were incorporated into a tyrosine trna (trna(tyr)) and compared with nonembedded molecules. to increase the levels of ribozyme and control antisense in vivo, sequences were expressed from an autonomously replicating vector derived from african cassava mosaic geminivirus. in vitro, the nonembedded ribozyme cleaved more target rna, encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat), than the trna(tyr) ribozyme. in contrast, the trna(tyr) ribozyme was considerably more e ... | 1995 | 7597097 |
| regulation of african cassava mosaic virus complementary-sense gene expression by n-terminal sequences of the replication-associated protein ac1. | fragments of the african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) genome, cloned upstream of the beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene in an expression cassette, were analysed for their ability to direct complementary-sense gene expression in tobacco protoplasts by measuring gus activity. five arbitrary domains (a-e) have been designated that contribute to the expression of ac1 (replication-associated protein) and ac4. consistent with earlier reports, ac1 gene expression was negatively regulated (80% reduct ... | 1995 | 7595345 |
| contribution of selected fungi to the reduction of cyanogen levels during solid substrate fermentation of cassava. | the effect of six individual strains of the dominant microflora in solid substrate fermenting cassava on cyanogen levels was examined. six out of eight batches of disinfected cassava root pieces were incubated for 72 h after inoculation with either of the fungi geotrichum candidum, mucor racemosus, neurospora sitophila, rhizopus oryzae and rhizopus stolonifer, or a bacillus sp., isolated from on-farm fermented cassava flours from uganda. one non-inoculated batch was incubated as a reference. lev ... | 1995 | 7577362 |
| cyanide detoxification in cassava for food and feed uses. | cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is an important tropical root crop providing energy to about 500 million people. the presence of the two cyanogenic glycosides, linamarin and lotaustralin, in cassava is a major factor limiting its use as food or feed. traditional processing techniques practiced in cassava production are known to reduce cyanide in tubers and leaves. drying is the most ubiquitous processing operation in many tropical countries. sun drying eliminates more cyanide than oven drying ... | 1995 | 7576161 |
| complementation of african cassava mosaic virus ac2 gene function in a mixed bipartite geminivirus infection. | we have previously demonstrated that african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) dnas a and b efficiently complement the systemic spread of tomato golden mosaic virus (tgmv) dna a when co-agroinoculated onto nicotiana benthamiana. here, we show that a mixture of an acmv dna a ac2 mutant and dna b that is normally unable to systemically infect n. benthamiana can do so at low frequency when co-agroinoculated with tgmv dna a. analysis of viral dna showed that the ac2 mutation was retained during infection. ... | 1995 | 7561766 |
| serological relationships and epitope profiles of isolates of okra leaf curl geminivirus from africa and the middle east. | a panel of seven murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) was raised against particles of okra leaf curl virus (olcv), a whitefly-transmitted geminivirus which is prevalent in west africa. the mabs detected at least six distinguishable epitopes, two continuous and four discontinuous. in tests with these mabs, relatively little antigenic variation was found among 24 olcv isolates from burkina faso, chad, ghana, ivory coast, nigeria, oman and saudi arabia, each virus isolate reacting with at least five ... | 1993 | 7506936 |
| a comparative study of cadmium, lead, zinc, ph, and bulk density from the enyigba lead and zinc mine in two different seasons. | soil ph and bulk density, as well as the concentrations of cadmium (cd), lead (pb), and zinc (zn) in soils and these metal levels in the leaves of cassava (manihot esculenta) and rice (oryza sativa), both collected, respectively, in the dry season (december) of 1991 and the rainy season (september) of 1992 from the enyigba lead and zinc mine, nigeria, were investigated. interspecific variations in trace element levels in the plant leaves were detected and may reflect the predilection of these pl ... | 1995 | 7498063 |
| investigations on preileal digestion of starch from grain, potato and manioc in horses. | in this study preileal starch digestibility of starchy feeds (oats, corn, barley, potatoes, manioc) was determined in seven jejunofistulated horses. the grains were fed whole (oats, corn), rolled (oats, barley), crushed, ground and expanded (corn); the potatoes were fresh, the manioc rolled. ground corn was also fed in combination with amylase. the feeds were fed partly isolated or in combination with alfalfa meal or hay (table 1). at least four horses with a cannula in the terminal jejunum were ... | 1995 | 7495169 |
| cyanogenic and non-cyanogenic glycosides from manihot esculenta. | in addition to lotaustralin and linamarin, a novel cyanogenic glycoside, 2-((6-o-(beta-d-apiofuranosyl)-beta-d-glucopyranosyl)oxy)-2-met hylbutanenitrile , two novel non-cyanogenic glycosides, (2s)-((6-o-(beta-d-apiofuranosyl)-beta-d- glucopyranosyl)oxy)butane and 2-((6-o-(beta-d-apiofuranosyl)-beta-d-glucopyranosyl)oxy)propane, and a simple non-cyanogenic glycoside, ethyl beta-d-glucopyranoside, were isolated from an ethanolic extract of the fresh root cortex of manihot esculenta. from a methan ... | 1995 | 7492370 |
| [biomass production enriched in intracellular methionine by a mutant of saccharomyces cerevisiae]. | according with fao reported data the methionine intracellular content in saccharomyces cerevisiae is higher than another yeast. for increasing the yeast methionine internal concentration three s. cerevisiae mutant strains were chosen (m2, m4 y m9), obtained by ethionine (0.1 mg/ml) and norleucine (0.33 mg/ml) resistance by gonzález miliani (personal communication). the resistance levels in culture were modified until selection of a mutant lf-m9 etr norr, which shows resistance to ethionine (6 mg ... | 1993 | 7483968 |
| [effects of soluble carbohydrates from several tropical foods (cassava, peanuts, coconut and papaya) on calcium utilization in the rat]. | ethanolic extracts containing soluble sugars were prepared from four foods : cassava, peanut, coconut and papaye. six-month-old rats were given by stomach tube 10 mm cacl2 solution (+ 45ca) containing a carbohydrate. depending on the group, the carbohydrate was glucose or melibiose or raffinose at 200 mm concentration, or one ethanolic extract. blood samples were taken at different times after the administration and plasma radioactivity was measured. rats were sacrificed at 24 hours; femur radio ... | 1980 | 7469261 |
| tapioca melanoma of the iris: clinicopathological correlation with results of fluorescein angiography. | a tapioca melanoma in a 75-year-old caucasian man was shown by light microscopy to consist of spindle b cells with abundant vesicular cytoplasm, minimal pigmentation and surface nodularity that correlated with the gross appearance. electron microscopy showed spindle shaped cells with multiple premelanosomes and melanin granules. iris angiography demonstrated an irregular crisscrossing vascular network with a papillary configuration and fluorescein leakage confined to the tumour. the clinical app ... | 1981 | 7344765 |
| [sensitivity of different biological methods for differentiating the protein value of various foods]. | the nutritive value of proteins from different sources was studied. the value for per, weight of the animals, iec, npr, ndpcal%, digestibility (d), and biological value (bv) was determined with diets containing 7% of total protein. the best results were obtained for milk, opaque-2 corn, rice and soybeans. the association of rice + soybeans was optimum. the results suggest also that it is advantageous to supplement wheat with cassava. comparison of the results obtained by the different biological ... | 1981 | 7337518 |
| the teratogenic effects of dietary cassava on the pregnant albino rat: a preliminary report. | cassava is a tuberous root of a shrublike plant cultivated in tropical rain forests as a staple food in south eastern nigeria. reports are on record showing correlation between cassava intake and occurrence of various types of neuropathies (money, '59; monekosso and wilson, '66; osuntokun et al., '68,'69). about 0.1-2 mg of cyanide/100 gm is released from cassava by action of hydrolase (paula and rangel, '46). it has been suspected by several local clinicians as a cause of congenital anomalies i ... | 1981 | 7330778 |
| tapioca melanoma. | 1981 | 7294612 |