Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| risks and benefits of stress ulcer prophylaxis for patients with severe sepsis. | the surviving sepsis campaign guidelines recommend stress ulcer prophylaxis for patients with severe sepsis who have bleeding risks. although sepsis has been considered as a risk factor for gastrointestinal bleeding, the effect of stress ulcer prophylaxis has not been studied in patients with severe sepsis. furthermore, stress ulcer prophylaxis may be associated with an increased risk of hospital-acquired pneumonia or clostridium difficile infection. the aim of this study was to investigate the ... | 2016 | 27002276 |
| secreted compounds of the probiotic bacillus clausii strain o/c inhibit the cytotoxic effects induced by clostridium difficile and bacillus cereus toxins. | although the use of probiotics based on bacillus strains to fight off intestinal pathogens and antibiotic-associated diarrhea is widespread, the mechanisms involved in producing their beneficial effects remain unclear. here, we studied the ability of compounds secreted by the probiotic bacillus clausii strain o/c to counteract the cytotoxic effects induced by toxins of two pathogens, clostridium difficile and bacillus cereus, by evaluating eukaryotic cell viability and expression of selected gen ... | 2016 | 27001810 |
| use of proton pump inhibitors and risk of nosocomial clostridium difficile infection in hospitalized elderly adults. | 2016 | 27000353 | |
| excess mortality attributable to clostridium difficile and risk factors for infection in an historic cohort of hospitalised patients followed up in the united kingdom death register. | we compared time from hospital admission to death in a probability sample of 100 clostridium difficile infected cases and a probability sample of 98 non-cases admitted to an english teaching hospital between 2005 and 2007 with follow up in the uk national death register using survival analysis. | 2016 | 26999613 |
| drug and vaccine development for the treatment and prevention of urinary tract infections. | urinary tract infections (uti) are among the most common bacterial infections in humans, affecting millions of people every year. uti cause significant morbidity in women throughout their lifespan, in infant boys, in older men, in individuals with underlying urinary tract abnormalities, and in those that require long-term urethral catheterization, such as patients with spinal cord injuries or incapacitated individuals living in nursing homes. serious sequelae include frequent recurrences, pyelon ... | 2016 | 26999391 |
| lighting up clostridium difficile: reporting gene expression using fluorescent lov domains. | the uses of fluorescent reporters derived from green fluorescent protein have proved invaluable for the visualisation of biological processes in bacteria grown under aerobic conditions. however, their requirement for oxygen has limited their application in obligate anaerobes such as clostridium difficile. fluorescent proteins derived from light, oxygen or voltage sensing (lov) domains have been shown to bridge this limitation, but their utility as translational fusions to monitor protein express ... | 2016 | 26996606 |
| the human microbiota: novel targets for hospital-acquired infections and antibiotic resistance. | hospital-acquired infections are increasing in frequency due to multidrug resistant organisms (mdros), and the spread of mdros has eroded our ability to treat infections. health care professionals cannot rely solely on traditional infection control measures and antimicrobial stewardship to prevent mdro transmission. we review research on the microbiota as a target for infection control interventions. | 2016 | 26994507 |
| a phase 1, placebo-controlled, randomized study of the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a clostridium difficile vaccine administered with or without aluminum hydroxide in healthy adults. | clostridium difficile is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitals, nursing homes, and long-term care facilities. the bacteria can produce 3 toxins, of which the c. difficile toxin a and c. difficile toxin b are the principal virulence factors for c. difficile-associated disease. | 2016 | 26993331 |
| solid organ transplant patients: are there opportunities for antimicrobial stewardship? | rising incidence of clostridium difficile and multidrug-resistant organisms' infections and a dwindling development of new antimicrobials are an impetus for antimicrobial stewardship in organ transplant recipients. we sought to understand antimicrobial prescribing practices and identify opportunities for interdisciplinary collaboration among the transplant, antimicrobial stewardship, and infectious diseases teams. | 2016 | 26992472 |
| isolation of recombinant antibodies directed against surface proteins of clostridium difficile. | clostridium difficile has emerged as an increasingly important nosocomial pathogen and the prime causative agent of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and pseudomembranous colitis in humans. in addition to toxins a and b, immunological studies using antisera from patients infected with c. difficile have shown that a number of other bacterial factors contribute to the pathogenesis, including surface proteins, which are responsible for adhesion, motility and other interactions with the human host. in ... | 2017 | 26991284 |
| does the donor matter? donor vs patient effects in the outcome of a next-generation microbiota-based drug trial for recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | to evaluate the impact of the donor material versus the patient in outcomes achieved with rbx2660, a microbiota-based drug under study for recurrent clostridium difficile infection (cdi). | 2016 | 26986546 |
| gut microbiota differences in children from distinct socioeconomic levels living in the same urban area in brazil. | to compare gut microbiota in impoverished children versus children of high socioeconomic status living in the same urban area in brazil. | 2016 | 26982745 |
| report into clostridium difficile deaths at vale of leven reveals poor care and lack of leadership. | an inquiry into the deaths of patients from clostridium difficile at the vale of leven hospital in scotland has criticised nurses for providing substandard care. | 2014 | 26982537 |
| quantifying transmission of clostridium difficile within and outside healthcare settings. | to quantify the effect of hospital and community-based transmission and control measures on clostridium difficile infection (cdi), we constructed a transmission model within and between hospital, community, and long-term care-facility settings. by parameterizing the model from national databases and calibrating it to c. difficile prevalence and cdi incidence, we found that hospitalized patients with cdi transmit c. difficile at a rate 15 (95% ci 7.2-32) times that of asymptomatic patients. long- ... | 2016 | 26982504 |
| fecal microbiota transplantation in children: a brief review. | there has been a growing interest in fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) over recent years, in part due to the increasing prevalence of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) and expanding association of intestinal dysbiosis with a wide range of human diseases. many adult studies have shown that fmt is an effective treatment for recurrent cdi and may possibly have applications in other illnesses such as inflammatory bowel disease (ibd); however, there is a paucity of data available in children ... | 2016 | 26982451 |
| impact of a prospective audit and feedback antimicrobial stewardship program at a veterans affairs medical center: a six-point assessment. | prospective audit and feedback is a core antimicrobial stewardship program (asp) strategy; however its impact is difficult to measure. | 2016 | 26978263 |
| effect of surotomycin, a novel cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic, on intestinal colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci and klebsiella pneumoniae in mice. | surotomycin (formerly called cb-183,315) is a novel, orally administered cyclic lipopeptide antibacterial in development for the treatment of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) that has potent activity against vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) but limited activity against gram-negative bacilli, including bacteroides spp. we used a mouse model to investigate the impact of surotomycin exposure on the microbiome, and to test the consequences of the disruption on colonization by vancomycin-r ... | 2016 | 26976870 |
| bloom and bust: intestinal microbiota dynamics in response to hospital exposures and clostridium difficile colonization or infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is the leading infectious cause of nosocomial diarrhea. hospitalized patients are at increased risk of developing cdi because they are exposed to c. difficile spores through contact with the hospital environment and often receive antibiotics and other medications that can disrupt the integrity of the indigenous intestinal microbiota and impair colonization resistance. using whole metagenome shotgun sequencing, we examined the diversity and composition of the ... | 2016 | 26975510 |
| upper versus lower gastrointestinal delivery for transplantation of fecal microbiota in recurrent or refractory clostridium difficile infection: a collaborative analysis of individual patient data from 14 studies. | the aim of this study was to compare upper gastrointestinal (ugi) versus lower gastrointestinal (lgi) delivery routes of fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) for refractory or recurrent/relapsing clostridium difficile infection (cdi). | 2017 | 26974758 |
| saccharomyces boulardii to prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea: a randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial. | background. antibiotic-associated diarrhea (aad) and clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad) are common complications of antibiotic use. data on the efficacy of probiotics to prevent aad and cdad are unclear. we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of saccharomyces boulardii to prevent aad and cdad in hospitalized adult patients. methods. we conducted a multicenter, phase iii, double-masked, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in hospitalized patients who received systemic antibiotic treat ... | 2016 | 26973849 |
| use of concomitant antibiotics during treatment for clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in pediatric inpatients: an observational cohort study. | concomitant antibiotic use during treatment for clostridium difficile infection (cdi) increases the risk of recurrence. across a network of children's hospitals, 46% of patients treated for cdi received concomitant antibiotics for a median of 7 days. concomitant antibiotic use was more common among patients with malignancies, and solid organ or bone marrow transplant. unnecessary concomitant antibiotic use in cdi patients is a potential target for pediatric antimicrobial stewardship. | 2016 | 26972929 |
| comparative genomic analysis of toxin-negative strains of clostridium difficile from humans and animals with symptoms of gastrointestinal disease. | clostridium difficile infections (cdi) are a significant health problem to humans and food animals. clostridial toxins toxa and toxb encoded by genes tcda and tcdb are located on a pathogenicity locus known as the paloc and are the major virulence factors of c. difficile. while toxin-negative strains of c. difficile are often isolated from faeces of animals and patients suffering from cdi, they are not considered to play a role in disease. toxin-negative strains of c. difficile have been used su ... | 2016 | 26971047 |
| identification of risk factors influencing clostridium difficile prevalence in middle-size dairy farms. | farm animals have been suggested to play an important role in the epidemiology of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in the community. the purpose of this study was to evaluate risk factors associated with c. difficile dissemination in family dairy farms, which are the most common farming model in the european union. environmental samples and fecal samples from cows and calves were collected repeatedly over a 1 year period on 20 mid-size family dairy farms. clostridium difficile was detected ... | 2016 | 26968527 |
| ultrasound findings in critical care patients: the "liver sign" and other abnormal abdominal air patterns. | in critical care patients, point of care abdominal ultrasound examination, although it has been practiced for over 30 years, is not as widespread as its cardiac or pulmonary counterparts. we report two cases in which detection of air during abdominal ultrasound allowed the early detection of life-threatening pathologies. in the first case, a patient with severe clostridium difficile was found to have portal venous gas but its significance was confounded by a recent surgery. serial ultrasonograph ... | 2016 | 26968407 |
| a diagnostic algorithm for the detection of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. | clostridium difficile is a common cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea, which is usually associated with previous antibiotic use. the clinical manifestations of c. difficile infection (cdi) may range from mild diarrhea to fulminant colitis. clostridium difficile should be considered in diarrhea cases with a history of antibiotic use within the last 8 weeks (community-associated cdi) or with a hospital stay of at least 3 days, regardless of the duration of antibiotic use (hospital-acquired cdi). | 2016 | 26966622 |
| [chilean consensus of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea]. | clostridium dijfficile-associated diarrhea (cdad) has become very important due to the increase in its incidence, severity, recurrence and the associated economic burden. having a national consensus guideline is essential to improve its management. | 2016 | 26965890 |
| sensitive assays enable detection of serum igg antibodies against clostridium difficile toxin a and toxin b in healthy subjects and patients with clostridium difficile infection. | pathogenic clostridium difficile produces two proinflammatory exotoxins, toxin a and toxin b. low level of serum antitoxin igg antibodies is a risk factor for the development of primary and recurrent c. difficile infection (cdi). | 2016 | 26964649 |
| vital signs: preventing antibiotic-resistant infections in hospitals - united states, 2014. | health care-associated antibiotic-resistant (ar) infections increase patient morbidity and mortality and might be impossible to successfully treat with any antibiotic. cdc assessed health care-associated infections (hai), including clostridium difficile infections (cdi), and the role of six ar bacteria of highest concern nationwide in several types of health care facilities. | 2016 | 26963489 |
| clostridium difficile ribotype 023 lacks the ability to hydrolyze esculin, leading to false-negative results on chromogenic agar. | 2016 | 26962090 | |
| treatment of clostridium difficile infections. | 2017 | 26960574 | |
| fecal microbiota transplantation: current applications, effectiveness, and future perspectives. | fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is the infusion of liquid filtrate feces from a healthy donor into the gut of a recipient to cure a specific disease. a fecal suspension can be administered by nasogastric or nasoduodenal tube, colonoscope, enema, or capsule. the high success rate and safety in the short term reported for recurrent clostridium difficile infection has elevated fmt as an emerging treatment for a wide range of disorders, including parkinson's disease, fibromyalgia, chronic fat ... | 2016 | 26956193 |
| clostridium difficile infection: epidemiology, diagnosis and understanding transmission. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) continues to affect patients in hospitals and communities worldwide. the spectrum of clinical disease ranges from mild diarrhoea to toxic megacolon, colonic perforation and death. however, this bacterium might also be carried asymptomatically in the gut, potentially leading to 'silent' onward transmission. modern technologies, such as whole-genome sequencing and multi-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis, are helping to track c. difficile transmissio ... | 2016 | 26956066 |
| probiotics are effective at preventing clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is the leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. cdi has increased in incidence and severity over the past decade, and is a growing worldwide health problem associated with substantial health care costs and significant morbidity and mortality. this meta-analysis examines the impact of probiotics on the incidence of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad) among children and adults, in both hospital and outpatient settings. | 2016 | 26955289 |
| host immune response to clostridium difficile infection in inflammatory bowel disease patients. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) affects patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). the aim of this study was to compare humoral response to c. difficile toxins in ibd patients and control outpatients. | 2016 | 26954708 |
| impact of evidence-based guidelines on outcomes of hospitalized patients with clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is the most common healthcare-associated infection in the united states. clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of cdi were updated in 2010 by the society for healthcare epidemiology of america and the infectious diseases society of america. an institutional guideline for the classification and management of cdi in accordance with the 2010 society for healthcare epidemiology of america/infectious diseases society of america guideline was developed an ... | 2016 | 26954650 |
| toxin immunoassays and clostridium difficile infection-reply. | 2016 | 26954051 | |
| toxin immunoassays and clostridium difficile infection. | 2016 | 26954050 | |
| toxin immunoassays and clostridium difficile infection. | 2016 | 26954049 | |
| toxin immunoassays and clostridium difficile infection. | 2016 | 26954047 | |
| high variability in nosocomial clostridium difficile infection rates across hospitals after colorectal resection. | hospital-acquired clostridium difficile infection is associated with adverse patient outcomes and high medical costs. the incidence and severity of c. difficile has been rising in both medical and surgical patients. | 2016 | 26953991 |
| percutaneously drained intra-abdominal infections do not require longer duration of antimicrobial therapy. | the length of antimicrobial therapy in complicated intra-abdominal infections (ciais) is controversial. a recent prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial found that 4 days of antimicrobial therapy after source control of ciai resulted in similar outcomes when compared with longer duration. we sought to examine whether outcomes remain similar in the subpopulation who received percutaneous drainage for source control of ciai. | 2016 | 26953758 |
| [clostridium difficile are on the rise]. | 2015 | 26953476 | |
| alterations in the mucosa-associated bacterial composition in crohn's disease: a pilot study. | changes in the intestinal bacterial composition seem to play a major role in the pathogenesis and in the clinical course of inflammatory bowel diseases (ibd), which consist of crohn's disease (cd), and ulcerative colitis (uc). mutations in the nod2 gene are the most important genetic risk factors for the development of cd. in this study, the association between mucosal biopsies and the mucosa-associated bacterial composition from cd and uc patients regarding their genetic risk factors (mutations ... | 2016 | 26951181 |
| the discovery of a novel antibiotic for the treatment of clostridium difficile infections: a story of an effective academic-industrial partnership. | academic drug discovery is playing an increasingly important role in the identification of new therapies for a wide range of diseases. there is no one model that guarantees success. we describe here a drug discovery story where chance, the ability to capitalise on chance, and the assembling of a range of expertise, have all played important roles in the discovery and subsequent development of an antibiotic chemotype based on the bis-benzimidazole scaffold, with potency against a number of curren ... | 2015 | 26949507 |
| [fulminant clostridium difficile colitis]. | 2016 | 26947736 | |
| improving the reproducibility of the nap1/b1/027 epidemic strain r20291 in the hamster model of infection. | comparative analysis of the clostridium difficile bi/nap1/027 strain r20291 and clostron-derived ermb mutants in the hamster infection model are compromised by the clindamycin susceptibility of the parent. mutants can appear more virulent. we have rectified this anomaly by genome engineering. the variant created (crg20291) represents an ideal control strain for virulence assays of clostron mutants. | 2016 | 26946361 |
| clostridium difficile infection after restorative proctocolectomy and ileal pouch anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) of the ileal pouch following restorative proctocolectomy (rpc) is becoming increasingly recognized. we aimed to understand better (i) the associated risk factors, (ii) treatment practices and (iii) the pouch diversion and failure rate in patients who developed cdi of the pouch after rpc for ulcerative colitis (uc). | 2016 | 26945555 |
| efficacy of two hydrogen peroxide vapour aerial decontamination systems for enhanced disinfection of meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, klebsiella pneumoniae and clostridium difficile in single isolation rooms. | hydrogen peroxide vapour (hpv) disinfection systems are being used to reduce patients' exposure to hospital pathogens in the environment. hpv whole-room aerial disinfection systems may vary in terms of operating concentration and mode of delivery. | 2016 | 26944907 |
| clostridium difficile infections: analysis of recurrence in an area with low prevalence of 027 strain. | 2016 | 26944905 | |
| fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent clostridium difficile infection: the patient experience. | although effectiveness of fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) has been adequately documented, the patient experience of undergoing fmt has not. | 2016 | 26944009 |
| hospital clostridium difficile infection (cdi) incidence as a risk factor for hospital-associated cdi. | environmental risk factors for clostridium difficile infections (cdis) have been described at the room or unit level but not the hospital level. to understand the environmental risk factors for cdi, we investigated the association between institutional- and individual-level cdi. | 2016 | 26944007 |
| cronkhite-canada syndrome: a rare cause of chronic diarrhoea in a young man. | a young indian man presented with nine-month history of chronic diarrhea, occasionally mixed with blood and intermittent colicky abdominal pain. he also complained of generalized body swelling for the last three months. on examination, he had diffuse hyperpigmentation of the skin and dystrophic nail changes. upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed multiple sessile polyps in the stomach, small bowel, and colon and rectum. biopsy of polyps showed adenomatous changes with stromal edema ... | 2016 | 26941798 |
| colorectal surgery in patients with hiv and aids: trends and outcomes over a 10-year period in the usa. | hiv has become a chronic disease, which may render this population more prone to developing the colorectal pathologies that typically affect older americans. | 2016 | 26940943 |
| bacterial contamination of computer touch screens. | the goal of this study was to determine the occurrence of opportunistic bacterial pathogens on the surfaces of computer touch screens used in hospitals and grocery stores. opportunistic pathogenic bacteria were isolated on touch screens in hospitals; clostridium difficile and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus and in grocery stores; methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. enteric bacteria were more common on grocery store touch screens than on hospital computer touch screens. | 2016 | 26940596 |
| predictors of fecal transplant failure. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a significant healthcare burden, with increased morbidity and mortality. traditional treatment regimens using antibiotics for recurrent cdi are significantly less successful compared with 80-90% with fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt). there is a paucity of data on failure rates and mortality after fmt in cdi. this study aims to identify the rates of failure, relapse, and mortality associated with fmt as well as the risk factors for fmt failure. | 2016 | 26934528 |
| therapies on the horizon for clostridium difficile infections. | clostridium difficile infections are a leading cause of healthcare facility outbreaks of gastrointestinal illness that may have serious complications and a high rate of recurrent disease. despite the availability of standard antibiotic treatments, data from national surveillance programs indicate that the incidence of this disease continues to increase, placing a heavy burden on healthcare systems. new emerging strategies are being tested to replace or augment these standard antibiotics. | 2016 | 26934513 |
| the never-ending struggle with laboratory testing for clostridium difficile infection. | 2016 | 26930504 | |
| fecal microbiota transplantation: in perspective. | there has been increasing interest in understanding the role of the human gut microbiome to elucidate the therapeutic potential of its manipulation. fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is the administration of a solution of fecal matter from a donor into the intestinal tract of a recipient in order to directly change the recipient's gut microbial composition and confer a health benefit. fmt has been used to successfully treat recurrent clostridium difficile infection. there are preliminary in ... | 2016 | 26929784 |
| predicting all-cause readmissions using electronic health record data from the entire hospitalization: model development and comparison. | incorporating clinical information from the full hospital course may improve prediction of 30-day readmissions. | 2016 | 26929062 |
| evaluation of two raw diets vs a commercial cooked diet on feline growth. | objectives the objective of this study was to determine if two raw feline diets were nutritionally adequate for kittens. methods twenty-four 9-week-old kittens underwent an association of american feed control officials' (aafco) 10 week growth feeding trial with two raw diet groups and one cooked diet group (eight kittens in each). morphometric measurements (weight, height and length), complete blood counts, serum chemistry, whole blood taurine and fecal cultures were evaluated. results overall, ... | 2017 | 26927818 |
| letter to the editor: the surge of type 2 diabetes mellitus in china - an international alert: physical exercise and low-caloric diet may reduce the risks of type 2 diabetes mellitus and dementia. | the prevalence of diabetes in china has surged from 0.67% before 1980 to 11.6% currently. it is even higher than the prevalence in the united states. certainly, china's economic open-ups, improving living standard, and modernization have propagated the surge. from a traditional public-health point of view, increased food intake and decreased exercise were the main contributors. a new knowledge of colon microbiota could be applied to provide a second harvest of food energy; for example, large mol ... | 2016 | 26927355 |
| faecal microbiota transplantation-a clinical view. | faecal microbiota transplantation has gained increasing attention over the last decade as various phenotypes could be transferred from a donor to a recipient in different animal models. clinically, however, the sole indication with evidence from a randomized placebo controlled trial is refractory clostridium difficile infection. despite revealing successful clinical outcomes, questions concerning regulatory affairs, the identification of the best donor, the optimal mixture of the transplant as w ... | 2016 | 26924753 |
| a comparison of the gut microbiome between long-term users and non-users of proton pump inhibitors. | proton pump inhibitor (ppi) use is associated with an increased risk of clostridium difficile infection (cdi), though the mechanism is unclear. ppi induced alterations to the gut microbiome may facilitate the emergence of cdi, though the effects of ppis on gut microbiota are not well characterised. [correction added on 10 march 2016, after first online publication: microflora has been changed to microbiota throughout the article.] | 2016 | 26923470 |
| environmental contamination in households of patients with recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | recurrent clostridium difficile infection (r-cdi) is common and difficult to treat, potentially necessitating fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt). although c. difficilespores persist in the hospital environment and cause infection, little is known about their potential presence or importance in the household environment. households of r-cdi subjects in the peri-fmt period and of geographically matched and age-matched controls were analyzed for the presence ofc. difficile household environment ... | 2016 | 26921425 |
| evaluation of an enclosed ultraviolet-c radiation device for decontamination of mobile handheld devices. | mobile handheld devices used in health care settings may become contaminated with health care-associated pathogens. we demonstrated that an enclosed ultraviolet-c radiation device was effective in rapidly reducing methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, and with longer exposure times, clostridium difficile spores, on glass slides and reducing contamination on in-use mobile handheld devices. | 2016 | 26921014 |
| laboratory-based strategy using a new marketed polymerase chain reaction assay to manage diarrheic episodes among patients from rehabilitation and long-term care facilities. | management of norovirus and clostridium difficile gastroenteritis is challenging for rehabilitation and long-term care facilities. we evaluated the contribution of a 2-step laboratory-based strategy, including a new ready-to-use norovirus polymerase chain reaction assay to promote isolation precautions. c difficile and norovirus were successively identified from 17% and 23% of 52 episodes of diarrhea, respectively, during the winter season, leading to 100% adequate isolation measures. in patient ... | 2016 | 26921013 |
| patients with complicated intra-abdominal infection presenting with sepsis do not require longer duration of antimicrobial therapy. | a recent prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial found that 4 days of antibiotics after source control of complicated intra-abdominal infections resulted in similar outcomes when compared with longer duration. we hypothesized that the subset of patients presenting with sepsis have similar outcomes when treated with the shorter course of antibiotics. | 2016 | 26920994 |
| risk of resistant organisms and clostridium difficile with prolonged systemic antibiotic prophylaxis for central nervous system devices. | prolonged systemic antibiotic prophylaxis for central nervous system (cns) devices may be associated with increased risk of antimicrobial resistance. the primary objective of this study was to determine the impact of prolonged cns device antibiotic prophylaxis on the growth of resistant microorganisms and clostridium difficile. | 2016 | 26920907 |
| recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has become the most frequently reported health care-associated infection in the united states [1]. as the incidence of cdi rises, so too does the burden it produces on health care and society. in an attempt to decrease the burden of cdi and provide the best outcomes for patients affected by cdi, there have been many recent advancements in the understanding, diagnosis, and management of cdi. in this article, we review the current recommendations regarding cdi ... | 2016 | 26918176 |
| vancomycin treatment alters humoral immunity and intestinal microbiota in an aged mouse model of clostridium difficile infection. | the elderly host is highly susceptible to severe disease and treatment failure in clostridium difficile infection (cdi). we investigated how treatment with vancomycin in the aged host influences systemic and intestinal humoral responses and select intestinal microbiota. | 2016 | 26917573 |
| potentially hypervirulent clostridium difficile pcr ribotype 078 lineage isolates in pigs and possible implications for humans in taiwan. | clostridium difficile is a human and animal pathogen. recently, the incidence of community-acquired c. difficile infection has increased, and many studies have indicated that c. difficile might be food-borne. the correlation between c. difficile infection in humans and in animals has been a topic of debate. the objective of this study was to determine the genetic relatedness of c. difficile from human and pigs in taiwan. we investigated the molecular epidemiology of c. difficile in healthy human ... | 2016 | 26915500 |
| a novel regulator controls clostridium difficile sporulation, motility and toxin production. | clostridium difficile is an anaerobic pathogen that forms spores which promote survival in the environment and transmission to new hosts. the regulatory pathways by which c. difficile initiates spore formation are poorly understood. we identified two factors with limited similarity to the rap sporulation proteins of other spore-forming bacteria. in this study, we show that disruption of the gene cd3668 reduces sporulation and increases toxin production and motility. this mutant was more virulent ... | 2016 | 26915493 |
| importance of molecular methods to determine whether a probiotic is the source of lactobacillus bacteremia. | there has been an increasing interest in the use of probiotic products for the prevention of clostridium difficile infection (cdi). bio-k+(®) is a commercial probiotic product comprising three strains of lactobacilli--lactobacillus acidophilus cl1285(®), lact. casei lbc80r(®) and lact. rhamnosus clr2(®)--that have been applied to prevent cdi. generally considered as safe, lactobacilli have potential to cause bacteremia, endocarditis and other infections. the source of lactobacillus bacteremia ca ... | 2016 | 26915093 |
| diagnosis of clostridium difficile infections in children. | the detection and diagnosis of clostridium difficile infection in pediatric populations have some unique considerations in comparison to testing in adults. the testing methodologies, including toxigenic culture, cell cytotoxicity, antigen detection, and, more recently, molecular testing, are the same in all age groups. however, limited data exist on the specific performance characteristics in children. in this review, we focus on the challenges of testing in pediatric populations and assess the ... | 2016 | 26912759 |
| a novel microbiome therapeutic increases gut microbial diversity and prevents recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | patients with recurrent clostridium difficile infection (cdi) have a ≥60% risk of relapse, as conventional therapies do not address the underlying gastrointestinal dysbiosis. this exploratory study evaluated the safety and efficacy of bacterial spores for preventing recurrent cdi. | 2016 | 26908752 |
| fecal microbiota transfer 2.0. | 2016 | 26908719 | |
| a case of reactive arthritis due to clostridium difficile colitis. | reactive arthritis is an acute, aseptic, inflammatory arthropathy following an infectious process but removed from the site of primary infection. it is often attributed to genitourinary and enteric pathogens, such as chlamydia, salmonella, shigella, campylobacter, and yersinia, in susceptible individuals. an uncommon and less recognized cause of this disease is preceding colonic infection with clostridium difficile, an organism associated with pseudomembranous colitis and diarrhea in hospitalize ... | 2016 | 26908381 |
| clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with clostridium difficile infection by age group. | advanced age is a known risk factor of poor outcomes for colitis, including clostridium difficile infection (cdi). the present study compares the clinical outcomes of young and old patients hospitalized for cdi. | 2016 | 26907483 |
| clinical implications of antibiotic impact on gastrointestinal microbiota and clostridium difficile infection. | the human gastrointestinal (gi) microbiota plays an important role in human health. anaerobic bacteria prevalent in the normal colon suppress the growth of non-commensal microorganisms, thus maintaining colonic homeostasis. the gi microbiota is influenced by both patient-specific and environmental factors, particularly antibiotics. antibiotics can alter the native gi microbiota composition, leading to decreased colonization resistance and opportunistic proliferation of non-native organisms. a co ... | 2016 | 26907220 |
| the risk of clostridium difficile associated diarrhea in nasogastric tube insertion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad) is a major concern of public health worldwide. the risk of cdad in patients with nasogastric tube (ngt) insertion is controversial. the aim of this study was to assess the risk of incidence of cdad in patients with ngt insertion. | 2016 | 26905926 |
| inflammatory bowel disease affects the outcome of fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | a significant fraction of patients with recurrent clostridium difficile infections (cdi) have inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) can break the cycle of cdi recurrence and can be performed without evaluation of the colon. we evaluated the efficacy of colonoscopic fmt in patients with and without ibd, and whether we could identify ibd in patients during this procedure. | 2016 | 26905904 |
| erratum to: prolonged use of a proton pump inhibitor reduces microbial diversity: implications for clostridium difficile susceptibility. | 2016 | 26905900 | |
| intestinal microbiome disruption in patients in a long-term acute care hospital: a case for development of microbiome disruption indices to improve infection prevention. | composition and diversity of intestinal microbial communities (microbiota) are generally accepted as a risk factor for poor outcomes; however, we cannot yet use this information to prevent adverse outcomes. | 2016 | 26905790 |
| characteristics of antimicrobial stewardship programs at veterans affairs hospitals: results of a nationwide survey. | background antimicrobial stewardship programs (asps) are variably implemented. objective to characterize variations of antimicrobial stewardship structure and practices across all inpatient veterans affairs facilities in 2012 and correlate key characteristics with antimicrobial usage. design a web-based survey regarding stewardship activities was administered to each facility's designated contact. bivariate associations between facility characteristics and inpatient antimicrobial use during 2012 ... | 2016 | 26905338 |
| clostridium difficile ileitis in a patient, after total colectomy. | this is a case of a 63-year-old, post total colectomy patient, who presented to the hospital with watery diarrhoea, abdominal cramping and fevers. on admission, the patient was haemodynamically stable and febrile. clostridium difficile pcr was sent and tested positive. ct of the abdomen revealed diffuse thickening of the distal small bowel to the level of the anastomosis and mesenteric oedema consistent with infectious enteritis. the patient was started on vancomycin orally as well as flagyl int ... | 2016 | 26903365 |
| cost-effectiveness analysis of six strategies to treat recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | to assess the cost-effectiveness of six treatment strategies for patients diagnosed with recurrent clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in canada: 1. oral metronidazole; 2. oral vancomycin; 3.oral fidaxomicin; 4. fecal transplantation by enema; 5. fecal transplantation by nasogastric tube; and 6. fecal transplantation by colonoscopy. | 2016 | 26901316 |
| targeting methionyl trna synthetase: design, synthesis and antibacterial activity against clostridium difficile of novel 3-biaryl-n-benzylpropan-1-amine derivatives. | the synthesis of a series of benzimidazole-n-benzylpropan-1-amines and adenine-n-benzylpropan-1-amines is described. subsequent evaluation against two strains of the anaerobic bacterium clostridium difficile was performed with three amine derivatives displaying mic values of 16 μg/ml. molecular docking studies of the described amines determined that the amines interact within two active site pockets of c. difficile methionyl trna synthetase with methoxy substituents in the benzyl ring and an ade ... | 2016 | 26899668 |
| re: the challenge of clostridium difficile infection: overview of clinical manifestations, diagnostic tools and therapeutic options. | 2016 | 26899412 | |
| genetic, phenotypic and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry-based identification of anaerobic bacteria and determination of their antimicrobial susceptibility at a university hospital in japan. | the accuracies of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) and the phenotypic method using vitek 2 were compared to the accuracy of 16s rrna sequence analysis for the identification of 170 clinically isolated anaerobes. the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was also evaluated. genetic analysis identified 21 gram-positive species in 14 genera and 29 gram-negative species in 11 genera. the most frequently isolated genera were prevotella ... | 2016 | 26898667 |
| involvement of bacteria other than clostridium difficile in antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. | antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (aad) is a common and unintended consequence of antibiotic use. clostridium difficile is the most common infectious aetiology of aad; however, only approximately 25% of all aad cases are associated with c. difficile infection, with the aetiology in the majority of cases remaining undetermined. numerous other bacterial infectious agents have been implicated in aad, including clostridium perfringens, staphylococcus aureus, and klebsiella oxytoca. aad is a complex di ... | 2016 | 26897710 |
| impact on toxin production and cell morphology in clostridium difficile by ridinilazole (smt19969), a novel treatment for c. difficile infection. | ridinilazole (smt19969) is a narrow-spectrum, non-absorbable antimicrobial with activity against clostridium difficile undergoing clinical trials. the purpose of this study was to assess the pharmacological activity of ridinilazole and assess the effects on cell morphology. | 2016 | 26895772 |
| reply to: re: the challenge of clostridium difficile infection: overview of clinical manifestations, diagnostic tools and therapeutic options. | 2016 | 26895607 | |
| clostridium difficile--to test or not to test? response to kundrapu et al. | 2016 | 26894624 | |
| clostridium difficile infection in ulcerative colitis: can alteration of the gut-associated microbiome contribute to pouch failure? | ulcerative colitis is frequently treated with total proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis reconstruction. causes of pouch failure and criteria for improved patient selection remain poorly understood. we aimed to identify risk factors for pouch failure. | 2016 | 26891259 |
| cost averted with timely fecal microbiota transplantation in the management of recurrent clostridium difficile infection in alberta, canada. | fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is highly effective in treating recurrent clostridium difficile infection (rcdi). however, the ideal timing for offering fmt remains to be determined. furthermore, the direct medical costs averted with timely fmt have not been examined. | 2016 | 26890327 |
| clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in dialysis patients. | dialysis patients have impaired host defense mechanisms and frequently require antibiotics for various infective complications. in this study, we investigated whether dialysis patients have greater risk for clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad). | 2013 | 26889434 |
| 1h, 13c, and 15n resonance assignments of an enzymatically active domain from the catalytic component (cdta, residues 216-420) of a binary toxin from clostridium difficile. | clostridium difficile is a bacterial pathogen and is the most commonly reported source of nosocomial infection in industrialized nations. symptoms of c. difficile infection (cdi) include antibiotic-associated diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis, sepsis and death. over the last decade, rates and severity of hospital infections in north america and europe have increased dramatically and correlate with the emergence of a hypervirulent strain of c. difficile characterized by the presence of a binary ... | 2016 | 26886352 |
| a cumulative spore killing approach: synergistic sporicidal activity of dilute peracetic acid and ethanol at low ph against clostridium difficile and bacillus subtilis spores. | background. alcohol-based hand sanitizers are the primary method of hand hygiene in healthcare settings, but they lack activity against bacterial spores produced by pathogens such as clostridium difficile and bacillus anthracis. we previously demonstrated that acidification of ethanol induced rapid sporicidal activity, resulting in ethanol formulations with ph 1.5-2 that were as effective as soap and water washing in reducing levels of c difficile spores on hands. we hypothesized that the addit ... | 2016 | 26885539 |
| hospital acquired diarrhea in a burn center of tehran. | incidence of hospital-acquired diarrhea has increased rapidly and burn patients are at high risk of getting it. infection with c. difficile is the most common cause of antibiotic associated diarrhea. the aim of this study was to determine the baseline characteristics and clinical presentation of hospital-acquired diarrhea and compare c. difficile and non-c. difficile diarrhea in burn patients treated at a burn center. | 2015 | 26885330 |
| refractory pseudomembranous colitis that was treated successfully with colonoscopic fecal microbial transplantation. | pseudomembranous colitis (pmc) is a nosocomial and opportunistic infection caused by clostridium difficile. pmc is related to the use of antibiotics leading to intestinal dysbiosis and an overgrowth of c. difficile. metronidazole or vancomycin is considered to be the standard therapy for the management of pmc. however, pmc has a 15%-30% recurrence rate and can be refractory to standard treatments, resulting in morbidity and mortality. here we describe a patient who experienced refractory pmc who ... | 2016 | 26884739 |