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enhancement of dnasei salt tolerance by mimicking the domain structure of dnase from an extremely halotolerant bacterium thioalkalivibrio sp. k90mix.in our previous work we showed that dnasei-like protein from an extremely halotolerant bacterium thioalkalivibrio sp. k90mix retained its activity at salt concentrations as high as 4 m nacl and the key factor allowing this was the c-terminal dna-binding domain, which comprised two hhh (helix-hairpin-helix) motifs. the further investigations revealed that this domain originated from proteins related to bacterial competence comea/come proteins. it is likely that in the course of evolution the dna- ...201626939122
dispersal of bacillus subtilis and its effect on strawberry phyllosphere microbiota under open field and protection conditions.using biological control agents (bcas) is an essential component of integrated pest and diseases management. despite much research on biocontrol of plant diseases, success in field crops has been limited with most successes being achieved in greenhouse cultivation. this lack of success is often attributed to the complex ecological processes involved in biocontrol. we used next generation sequencing (ngs) technology to study environmental fate of bacillus subtilis, a widely used bca, focusing on ...201626936109
the reca-dependent sos response is active and required for processing of dna damage during bacillus subtilis sporulation.the expression of and role played by reca in protecting sporulating cells of bacillus subtilis from dna damage has been determined. results showed that the dna-alkylating agent mitomycin-c (m-c) activated expression of a preca-gfpmut3a fusion in both sporulating cells' mother cell and forespore compartments. the expression levels of a reca-lacz fusion were significantly lower in sporulating than in growing cells. however, m-c induced levels of ß-galactosidase from a reca-lacz fusion ~6- and 3-fo ...201626930481
a new benzopyrans derivatives from a mangrove-derived fungus penicillium citrinum from the south china sea.one new benzopyran derivative (2r(*),4r(*))-3,4-dihydro-5-methoxy-2-methyl-2h-1-benzopyran-4-ol (1), together with five known compounds (2-6), were obtained from the etoac extract of the endophytic fungus penicillium citrinum hl-5126 isolated from the mangrove brguiera sexangula var. rhynchopetala collected in the south china sea. their structures were elucidated by the detailed analysis of comprehensive spectroscopic data. all compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activities. compoun ...201626930107
a membrane-embedded amino acid couples the spoiiq channel protein to anti-sigma factor transcriptional repression during bacillus subtilis sporulation.spoiiq is an essential component of a channel connecting the developing forespore to the adjacent mother cell during bacillus subtilis sporulation. this channel is generally required for late gene expression in the forespore, including that directed by the late-acting sigma factor σ(g) here, we present evidence that spoiiq also participates in a previously unknown gene regulatory circuit that specifically represses expression of the gene encoding the anti-sigma factor csfb, a potent inhibitor of ...201626929302
18β-glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives possessing a trihydroxylated a ring are potent gram-positive antibacterial agents.the oleanane-type triterpene 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (1) was modified chemically through the introduction of a trihydroxylated a ring and an ester moiety at c-20 to enhance its antibacterial activity. compounds 22, 23, 25, 28, 29, 31, and 32 showed more potent inhibitory activity against streptomyces scabies than the positive control, streptomycin. additionally, the inhibitory activity of the most potent compound, 29, against bacillus subtilis, staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin-resistant st ...201626928299
social evolution selects for redundancy in bacterial quorum sensing.quorum sensing is a process of chemical communication that bacteria use to monitor cell density and coordinate cooperative behaviors. quorum sensing relies on extracellular signal molecules and cognate receptor pairs. while a single quorum-sensing system is sufficient to probe cell density, bacteria frequently use multiple quorum-sensing systems to regulate the same cooperative behaviors. the potential benefits of these redundant network structures are not clear. here, we combine modeling and ex ...201626927849
purification and characterization of a potential antifungal protein from bacillus subtilis e1r-j against valsa mali.in order to identify the antagonistic substances produced by bacillus subtilis e1r-j as candidate of biocontrol agents for controlling apple valsa canker, hydrochloric acid precipitation, reverse phase chromatography, gel filtration, and ion exchange chromatography were used. the purified fraction ep-2 showed a single band in native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (native-page) and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). fraction ep-2 was eluted from native-page ...201626925625
an exogenous surfactant-producing bacillus subtilis facilitates indigenous microbial enhanced oil recovery.this study used an exogenous lipopeptide-producing bacillus subtilis to strengthen the indigenous microbial enhanced oil recovery (imeor) process in a water-flooded reservoir in the laboratory. the microbial processes and driving mechanisms were investigated in terms of the changes in oil properties and the interplay between the exogenous b. subtilis and indigenous microbial populations. the exogenous b. subtilis is a lipopeptide producer, with a short growth cycle and no oil-degrading ability. ...201626925051
identification of novel raft marker protein, flotp in bacillus anthracis.lipid rafts are dynamic, nanoscale assemblies of specific proteins and lipids, distributed heterogeneously on eukaryotic membrane. flotillin-1, a conserved eukaryotic raft marker protein (rmp) harbor spfh (stomatin, prohibitin, flotillin, and hflk/c) and oligomerization domains to regulate various cellular processes through its interactions with other signaling or transport proteins. rafts were thought to be absent in prokaryotes hitherto, but recent report of its presence and significance in ph ...201626925042
xylan-specific carbohydrate-binding module belonging to family 6 enhances the catalytic performance of a gh11 endo-xylanase.xylanases catalyze the hydrolysis of β-1,4-linked xylosyl moieties from xylan chains, one of the most abundant hemicellulosic polysaccharides found in plant cell walls. these enzymes can exist either as single catalytic domains or as modular proteins composed of one or more carbohydrate-binding modules (cbms) appended to the catalytic core. however, the molecular mechanisms governing the synergistic effects between catalytic domains and their cbms are not fully understood. thus, the goal of this ...201626923808
a combinatorial kin discrimination system in bacillus subtilis.multicellularity inherently involves a number of cooperative behaviors that are potentially susceptible to exploitation but can be protected by mechanisms such as kin discrimination. discrimination of kin from non-kin has been observed in swarms of the bacterium bacillus subtilis, but the underlying molecular mechanism has been unknown. we used genetic, transcriptomic, and bioinformatic analyses to uncover kin recognition factors in this organism. our results identified many molecules involved i ...201626923784
chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and methanol extract of hypericum aegypticum subsp. webbii (spach) n. robson.hypericum aegypticum subsp. webbii is an evergreen shrub spread in mediterranean part of central and southeastern europe. the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and meoh extract of h. aegypticum subsp. webbii were investigated. the monoterpenes α-pinene (63.4 - 68.5%) and β-pinene (16.9 - 17.0%) were main compounds in the volatile oil from aerial parts. in the cluster analysis, the essential oil of h. aegypticum subsp. webbii was separated and chemically differe ...201626923468
bacteria counting method based on polyaniline/bacteria thin film.a simple and rapid bacteria counting method based on polyaniline (pani)/bacteria thin film was proposed. since the negative effects of immobilized bacteria on the deposition of pani on glass carbon electrode (gce), pani/bacteria thin films containing decreased amount of pani would be obtained when increasing the bacteria concentration. the prepared pani/bacteria film was characterized with cyclic voltammetry (cv) technique to provide quantitative index for the determination of the bacteria count ...201626921555
characterization and directed evolution of bligo, a novel glycine oxidase from bacillus licheniformis.glycine oxidase (go) has great potential for use in biosensors, industrial catalysis and agricultural biotechnology. in this study, a novel go (bligo) from a marine bacteria bacillus licheniformis was cloned and characterized. bligo showed 62% similarity to the well-studied go from bacillus subtilis. the optimal activity of bligo was observed at ph 8.5 and 40°c. interestingly, bligo retained 60% of the maximum activity at 0°c, suggesting it is a cold-adapted enzyme. the kinetic parameters on gly ...201626920475
[alkaline-adapted beta-mannanase of bacillus pumilus: gene heterologous expression and enzyme characterization].we expressed a novel alkaline-adapted beta-mannanase gene and characterized the enzyme for potential industrial applications.201526915226
the secretion of the bacterial phytase phy-us417 by arabidopsis roots reveals its potential for increasing phosphate acquisition and biomass production during co-growth.phytic acid (pa) is a major source of inorganic phosphate (pi) in the soil; however, the plant lacks the capacity to utilize it for pi nutrition and growth. microbial phytases constitute a group of enzymes that are able to remobilize pi from pa. thus, the use of these phytases to increase the capacity of higher plants to remobilize pi from pa is of agronomical interest. in the current study, we generate transgenic arabidopsis lines (ephy) overexpressing an extracellular form of the phytase phy-u ...201626914451
influence of promoters on the production of fengycin in bacillus spp.fengycin is a promising antifungal lipopeptide from bacillus spp. synthesized by non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (nrps). in this work, fengycin production of a spontaneous fengycin overproducing strain, bacillus subtilis bbg21, was first compared to those of b. subtilis bbg111 (a 168 derivative), b. subtilis atcc 21332 and bacillus amyloliquefaciens fzb42 under two different experimental conditions. in both conditions, very high fengycin yields were obtained from strain bbg21 (480 mg/l) in com ...201626912322
use of organic acids for prevention and removal of bacillus subtilis biofilms on food contact surfaces.the efficacies of organic acid (citric, malic, and gallic acids) treatments at 1% and 2% concentrations on prevention and removal of bacillus subtilis biofilms were investigated in this study. the analyses were conducted on microtitration plates and stainless steel coupons. the biofilm removal activities of these organic acids were compared with chlorine on both surfaces. the results showed that citric acid treatments were as powerful as chlorine treatments for prevention and removal of biofilms ...201626912168
decontamination by persteril 36 may affect the reliability of dna-based detection of biological warfare agents-short communication.persteril 36 is a disinfectant with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. because of its bactericidal, virucidal, fungicidal, and sporicidal effectiveness, it is used as a disinfectant against biological warfare agents in the emergency and army services. in case of an attack with potentially harmful biological agents, a person's gear or afflicted skin is sprayed with a diluted solution of persteril 36 as a precaution. subsequently, the remains of the biological agents are analyzed. however ...201626910525
antibacterial activity of ti₃c₂tx mxene.mxenes are a family of atomically thin, two-dimensional (2d) transition metal carbides and carbonitrides with many attractive properties. two-dimensional ti3c2tx (mxene) has been recently explored for applications in water desalination/purification membranes. a major success indicator for any water treatment membrane is the resistance to biofouling. to validate this and to understand better the health and environmental impacts of the new 2d carbides, we investigated the antibacterial properties ...201626909865
architecture and characteristics of bacterial nanotubes.bacteria display an array of contact-dependent interaction systems that have evolved to facilitate direct cell-to-cell communication. we have previously identified a mode of bacterial communication mediated by nanotubes bridging neighboring cells. here, we elucidate nanotube architecture, dynamics, and molecular components. utilizing bacillus subtilis as a model organism, we found that at low cell density, nanotubes exhibit remarkable complexity, existing as both intercellular tubes and extendin ...201626906740
antibacterial azaphilones from an endophytic fungus, colletotrichum sp. bs4.three new compounds, colletotrichones a-c (1-3), and one known compound, chermesinone b (4a), were isolated from an endophytic fungus, colletotrichum sp. bs4, harbored in the leaves of buxus sinica, a well-known boxwood plant used in traditional chinese medicine (tcm). their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses including 1d and 2d nmr, hrms, ecd spectra, uv, and ir, as well as single-crystal x-ray diffraction, and shown to be azaphilones sharing a 3,6a-dimethyl-9-(2-met ...201626905687
effects of an inducible aiia gene on disease resistance in eucalyptus urophylla × eucalyptus grandis.n-acyl-homoserine lactones (ahls) are metabolites of mostly gram-negative bacteria and are critical signaling molecules in bacterial quorum-sensing systems. at threshold concentrations, ahls can activate the expression of pathogenic genes and induce diseases. therefore, reducing ahl concentrations is a key point of disease control in plants. ahl-lactonase, which is expressed by aiia, is widespread in bacillus sp and can hydrolyze ahls. in the present study, we cloned aiia from bacillus subtilis ...201626905275
control of smc coiled coil architecture by the atpase heads facilitates targeting to chromosomal parb/pars and release onto flanking dna.smc/scpab promotes chromosome segregation in prokaryotes, presumably by compacting and resolving nascent sister chromosomes. the underlying mechanisms, however, are poorly understood. here, we investigate the role of the smc atpase activity in the recruitment of smc/scpab to the bacillus subtilis chromosome. we demonstrate that targeting of smc/scpab to parb/pars loading sites is strictly dependent on engagement of smc head domains and relies on an open organization of the smc coiled coils. we f ...201626904953
early developmental program shapes colony morphology in bacteria.when grown on a solid surface, bacteria form highly organized colonies, yet little is known about the earliest stages of colony establishment. following bacillus subtilis colony development from a single progenitor cell, a sequence of highly ordered spatiotemporal events was revealed. colony was initiated by the formation of leading-cell chains, deriving from the colony center and extending in multiple directions, typically in a "y-shaped" structure. by eradicating particular cells during these ...201626904951
bacterial biodegradation of crude oil using local isolates.an experimental study was undertaken to assess the efficiency of pseudomonas aeruginosa, bacillus subtilis, and acinetobacter lwoffi isolated from petroleum contaminated water and soil samples to degrade crude oil, separately and in a mixed bacterial consortium. capillary gas chromatography was used for testing the effect of those bacterial species on the biodegradation of crude oil. individual bacterial cultures showed less growth and degradation than did the mixed bacterial consortium. at temp ...201426904742
phylogenetic framework and biosurfactant gene expression analysis of marine bacillus spp. of eastern coastal plain of tamil nadu.the present study emphasizes the diversity assessment of marine bacillus species with special reference to biosurfactant production, respective gene expression, and discrimination among bacillus licheniformis and bacillus subtilis. among the 200 individual species of eastern coastal plain of tamil nadu screened, five biosurfactant producing potential bacterial species with entirely different morphology were selected. biochemical and 16s rrna gene sequence analysis suggested that all the said fiv ...201426904741
evolution of volatile flavour compounds during fermentation of african oil bean (pentaclethra macrophylla benth) seeds for "ugba" production.fermented african oil bean (pentaclethra macrophylla benth) seed is a successful and well studied seasoning and snack in parts of western africa. gc-ms analysis of fermenting seeds revealed a mixture of several volatile aroma compounds which changed with time and starter organism. during natural mixed culture process 36 volatile compounds including 12 hydrocarbons, 10 esters, 5 alcohols, 2 phenols, 2 ketones, and one each of furan, amine, acid, thiophene, and lactone were identified. when bacill ...201526904664
cydiv, a conserved and novel filamentous cyanobacterial cell division protein involved in septum localization.cell division in bacteria has been studied mostly in escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis, model organisms for gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, respectively. however, cell division in filamentous cyanobacteria is poorly understood. here, we identified a novel protein, named cydiv (cyanobacterial division), encoded by the all2320 gene in anabaena sp. pcc 7120. we show that cydiv plays a key role during cell division. cydiv has been previously described only as an exclusive and conserve ...201626903973
bacillus subtilis extracytoplasmic function (ecf) sigma factors and defense of the cell envelope.bacillus subtilis provides a model for investigation of the bacterial cell envelope, the first line of defense against environmental threats. extracytoplasmic function (ecf) sigma factors activate genes that confer resistance to agents that threaten the integrity of the envelope. although their individual regulons overlap, σ(w) is most closely associated with membrane-active agents, σ(x) with cationic antimicrobial peptide resistance, and σ(v) with resistance to lysozyme. here, i highlight the r ...201626901131
high-level expression and characterization of the bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. bsp1 ywad aminopeptidase in pichia pastoris.aminopeptidases are widely used for creating protein hydrolysates and peptide sequencing. the ywad gene from a new bacillus isolate, named bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. bsp1, was cloned into the yeast expression vector phbm905a and expressed and secreted by pichia pastoris strain gs115. the deduced amino acid sequence of the aminopeptidase encoded by the ywad gene shared up to 98% identity with aminopeptidases from b. subtilis strains 168 and zj016. the yield (3.81 g/l) and specific act ...201626898926
identification of bacillus probiotics isolated from soil rhizosphere using 16s rrna, reca, rpob gene sequencing and rapd-pcr.some bacillus species, especially bacillus subtilis and bacillus pumilus groups, have highly similar 16s rrna gene sequences, which are hard to identify based on 16s rdna sequence analysis. to conquer this drawback, rpob, reca sequence analysis along with randomly amplified polymorphic (rapd) fingerprinting was examined as an alternative method for differentiating bacillus species. the 16s rrna, rpob and reca genes were amplified via a polymerase chain reaction using their specific primers. the ...201626898909
the toxic effects of combined aflatoxins and zearalenone in naturally contaminated diets on laying performance, egg quality and mycotoxins residues in eggs of layers and the protective effect of bacillus subtilis biodegradation product.the toxic effect of aflatoxins (af) and zearalenone (zea) and their combination on laying performance, egg quality and toxins residues in eggs, as well as the efficacy of bacillus subtilis biodegradation product (bdp) for ameliorating these effects in layers were evaluated. layers were submitted to a two phase experiment. the first phase was an intoxication period (18-23 wk) with birds fed 7 (3 × 2 + 1) diets (3 treatments with mycotoxins: af (123.0 μg/kg), zea (260.2 μg/kg), or af + zea (123.0 ...201626891816
evaluation of bacillus oleronius as a biological indicator for terminal sterilization of large-volume parenterals.in the production of large-volume parenterals in japan, equipment and devices such as tanks, pipework, and filters used in production processes are exhaustively cleaned and sterilized, and the cleanliness of water for injection, drug materials, packaging materials, and manufacturing areas is well controlled. in this environment, the bioburden is relatively low, and less heat resistant compared with microorganisms frequently used as biological indicators such as geobacillus stearothermophilus (at ...201626889054
addressing the requirements of high-sensitivity single-molecule imaging of low-copy-number proteins in bacteria.single-molecule fluorescence super-resolution imaging and tracking provide nanometer-scale information about subcellular protein positions and dynamics. these single-molecule imaging experiments can be very powerful, but they are best suited to high-copy number proteins where many measurements can be made sequentially in each cell. we describe artifacts associated with the challenge of imaging a protein expressed in only a few copies per cell. we image live bacillus subtilis in a fluorescence mi ...201626888309
diverse effects of a biosurfactant from rhodococcus ruber iegm 231 on the adhesion of resting and growing bacteria to polystyrene.this study evaluated the effects of a trehalolipid biosurfactant produced by rhodococcus ruber iegm 231 on the bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on the surface of polystyrene microplates. the adhesion of gram-positive (arthrobacter simplex, bacillus subtilis, brevibacterium linens, corynebacterium glutamicum, micrococcus luteus) and gram-negative (escherichia coli, pseudomonas fluorescencens) bacteria correlated differently with the cell hydrophobicity and surface charge. in particular, e ...201626888203
fusarium culmorum affects expression of biofilm formation key genes in bacillus subtilis.it is known that there is correlation between biofilm formation and antagonistic activities of bacillus subtilis strains; but, the mechanism of this correlation is not clear. so, the effect of the plant pathogen (fusarium culmorum) on the biofilm formation in a b. subtilis strain with high antagonistic and biofilm formation activities was studied. the expression of sinr and tasa genes involved in the biofilm formation was studied in both single culture of bacterium (b) and co-culture with f. cul ...201626887226
a mutant form of 3-ketosteroid-δ(1)-dehydrogenase gives altered androst-1,4-diene-3, 17-dione/androst-4-ene-3,17-dione molar ratios in steroid biotransformations by mycobacterium neoaurum st-095.mycobacterium neoaurum st-095 and its mutant m. neoaurum jc-12, capable of transforming phytosterol to androst-1,4-diene-3,17-dione (add) and androst-4-ene-3,17-dione (ad), produce very different molar ratios of add/ad. the distinct differences were related to the enzyme activity of 3-ketosteroid-δ(1)-dehydrogenase (ksdd), which catalyzes the c1,2 dehydrogenation of ad to add specifically. in this study, by analyzing the primary structure of ksddi (from m. neoaurum st-095) and ksddii (from m. ne ...201626886757
a cumulative spore killing approach: synergistic sporicidal activity of dilute peracetic acid and ethanol at low ph against clostridium difficile and bacillus subtilis spores.background.  alcohol-based hand sanitizers are the primary method of hand hygiene in healthcare settings, but they lack activity against bacterial spores produced by pathogens such as clostridium difficile and bacillus anthracis. we previously demonstrated that acidification of ethanol induced rapid sporicidal activity, resulting in ethanol formulations with ph 1.5-2 that were as effective as soap and water washing in reducing levels of c difficile spores on hands. we hypothesized that the addit ...201626885539
preparation of microencapsulated bacillus subtilis sl-13 seed coating agents and their effects on the growth of cotton seedlings.inoculation of the bacterial cells of microbial seed coating agents (scas) into the environment may result in limited survival and colonization. therefore, the application efficacy of an encapsulated microbial seed coating agent (esca) was investigated on potted cotton plants; the agent was prepared with polyvinyl alcohol, sodium dodecyl sulfate, bentonite, and microencapsulated bacillus subtilis sl-13. scanning electron micrography revealed that the microcapsules were attached to esca membranes ...201626885507
antibacterial activity of an acidic phospholipase a2 (nn-xib-pla2) from the venom of naja naja (indian cobra).the resistance of bacteria against the use of conventional antibiotics has become a serious threat to public health and considering the associated side effect with antibiotics; new strategies to find and develop new molecules with novel modes of action has received grate attention in recent years. in this study, when the antibacterial potential of an acidic protein-nn-xib-pla2 (naja naja venom phospholipase a2 fraction-xib) of naja naja venom was evaluated, it showed significant bactericidal act ...201626885465
mapping of internal monophosphate 5' ends of bacillus subtilis messenger rnas and ribosomal rnas in wild-type and ribonuclease-mutant strains.the recent findings that the narrow-specificity endoribonuclease rnase iii and the 5' exonuclease rnase j1 are not essential in the gram-positive model organism,bacillus subtilis, facilitated a global analysis of internal 5' ends that are generated or acted upon by these enzymes. an rna-seq protocol known as pare (parallel analysis of rna ends) was used to capture 5' monophosphorylated rna ends in ribonuclease wild-type and mutant strains. comparison of pare peaks in strains with rnase iii prese ...201626883633
enhanced and secretory expression of human granulocyte colony stimulating factor by bacillus subtilis sck6.this study describes a simplified approach for enhanced expression and secretion of a pharmaceutically important human cytokine, that is, granulocyte colony stimulating factor (gcsf), in the culture supernatant of bacillus subtilis sck6 cells. codon optimized gcsf and pnwph vector containing spymwc signal sequence were amplified by prolonged overlap extension pcr to generate multimeric plasmid dna, which was used directly to transform b. subtilis sck6 supercompetent cells. expression of gcsf was ...201526881203
a novel salt-inducible vector for efficient expression and secretion of heterologous proteins in bacillus subtilis.bacillus subtilis is commonly used as a host for heterologous protein production via plasmid-based expression system. in order to improve product safety, avoid carbon catabolite repression and lower production cost, a novel salt-inducible vector, psaltexsepr5, was developed based on a natural plasmid of lactobacillus plantarum bcc9546. salt-inducible promoter opuaa and a dna fragment encoding a signal peptide of subtilisin e (sube) were sequentially added to the core shuttle vector to facilitate ...201626880537
an advanced bioinformatics approach for analyzing rna-seq data reveals sigma h-dependent regulation of competence genes in listeria monocytogenes.alternative σ factors are important transcriptional regulators in bacteria. while σ(b) has been shown to control a large regulon and play important roles in stress response and virulence in the pathogen listeria monocytogenes, the function of σ(h) has not yet been well defined in listeria, even though σ(h) controls a large regulon in the closely related non-pathogenic bacillus subtilis.201626880300
synthesis of fluorinated carbazoles via c-h arylation catalyzed by pd/cu bimetal system and their antibacterial activities.an effective intramolecular c-h arylation reaction catalyzed by a bimetallic catalytic system pd(oac)2/cui for the synthesis of fluorine-substituted carbazoles from corresponding n-phenyl-2-haloaniline derivatives under ligand free conditions is demonstrated. the established method is effective for both n-phenyl-2-bromoaniline and n-phenyl-2-chloroaniline, and requires the low loading of pd(oac)2 (0.5 mol%). a series of new fluorinated carbazoles were synthesized in excellent yields using the pr ...201626879853
relationship between digital information and thermodynamic stability in bacterial genomes.ever since the introduction of the watson-crick model, numerous efforts have been made to fully characterize the digital information content of the dna. however, it became increasingly evident that variations of dna configuration also provide an "analog" type of information related to the physicochemical properties of the dna, such as thermodynamic stability and supercoiling. hence, the parallel investigation of the digital information contained in the base sequence with associated analog parame ...201626877724
numerical simulation of wrinkle morphology formation and the evolution of different bacillus subtilis biofilms.wrinkle morphology is a distinctive phenomenon observed in mature biofilms that are produced by a great number of bacteria. the wrinkle pattern depends on the mechanical properties of the agar substrate and the biofilm itself, governed by the extracellular matrix (ecm). here we study the macroscopic structures and the evolution of bacillus subtilis biofilm wrinkles using the commercial finite element software abaqus. a mechanical model and simulation are set up to analyze and evaluate bacteria b ...201626877034
efficient biosynthesis of polysaccharides chondroitin and heparosan by metabolically engineered bacillus subtilis.chondroitin and heparosan, important polysaccharides and key precursors of chondroitin sulfate and heparin/heparan sulfate, have drawn much attention due to their wide applications in many aspects. in this study, we designed two independent synthetic pathways of chondroitin and heparosan in food-grade bacillus subtilis, integrating critical synthases genes derived from escherichia coli into b. subtilis genome. by rt-pcr analysis, we confirmed that synthases genes transcripted an integral mrna ch ...201626876870
hydrogels made from chitosan and silver nitrate.this work describes a gelation of chitosan solution with silver nitrate. above the critical concentration of chitosan (c*), continuous hydrogels of chitosan-silver can be formed. at lower concentrations, the formation of nano- and micro-hydrogels is discussed. the sol-gel analysis was performed to characterise the hydrogels' swelling properties. moreover, the following were employed: (i) mechanical testing of hydrogels, (ii) inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (icp-oes) for ...201626876830
biosynthesis of anti-proliferative gold nanoparticles using endophytic fusarium oxysporum strain isolated from neem (a. indica) leaves.here we report a simple, rapid, environment friendly approach for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles using neem (azadirachta indica a. juss.) fungal endophyte, which based upon morphological and cultural characteristics was eventually identified as fusarium oxysporum. the aqueous precursor (haucl4) solution when reacted with endophytic fungus resulted in the biosynthesis of abundant amounts of well dispersed gold nanoparticles of 10-40 nm with an average size of 22nm. these biosynthesized gold ...201626876519
a preliminary study on the antibacterial mechanism of tegillarca granosa hemoglobin by derived peptides and peroxidase activity.the blood clam, tegillarca granosa, is one of the few bivalve molluscs containing hemoglobin (hb). in the present study, we purified two types of t. granosa hemoglobin, tg-hbi and tg-hbii, using size exclusion chromatography and measured their antibacterial and peroxidase activities. we also tested antibacterial activities of peptides prepared by trypsin digestion of purified tg-hb and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography purification. purified tg-hbi and tg-hbii showed antibact ...201626876330
purification and properties of glycine oxidase from pseudomonas putida kt2440.glycine oxidase, encoded by the thio gene, participates in the biosynthesis of thiamin by providing glyoxyl imine to form the thiazole moiety of thiamin. we have purified and characterized thio from pseudomonas putida kt2440. it has a monomeric structure that is distinct from the homotetrameric thios from bacillus subtilis and geobacillus kaustophilus. the p. putida thio is unique in that glycine is its preferred substrate, which differs markedly from the b. subtilis and g. kaustophilus enzymes ...201526875494
purification and characteristics of a novel bacteriocin produced by enterococcus faecalis l11 isolated from chinese traditional fermented cucumber.to purify and characterize a novel bacteriocin with broad inhibitory spectrum produced by an isolate of enterococcus faecalis from chinese fermented cucumber.201626875092
photocatalytic, antimicrobial activities of biogenic silver nanoparticles and electrochemical degradation of water soluble dyes at glassy carbon/silver modified past electrode using buffer solution.in the present research work a novel, nontoxic and ecofriendly procedure was developed for the green synthesis of silver nano particle (agnps) using caruluma edulis (c. edulis) extract act as reductant as well as stabilizer agents. the formation of agnps was confirmed by uv/vis spectroscopy. the small and spherical sizes of agnps were conformed from high resolution transmission electron microscopy (hrtem) analysis and were found in the range of 2-10nm, which were highly dispersion without any ag ...201626874611
identification and characterization of holgh15: the holin of staphylococcus aureus bacteriophage gh15.holins are phage-encoded hydrophobic membrane proteins that spontaneously and non-specifically accumulate and form lesions in the cytoplasmic membrane. the orf72 gene (also designated holgh15) derived from the genome of the staphylococcus aureus phage gh15 was predicted to encode a membrane protein. an analysis indicated that the protein encoded by holgh15 potentially consisted of two hydrophobic transmembrane helices. this protein exhibited the structural characteristics of class ii holins and ...201626873847
bacillus subtilis 6s-2 rna serves as a template for short transcripts in vivo.the global transcriptional regulator 6s rna is abundant in a broad range of bacteria. the rna competes with dna promoters for binding to the housekeeping rna polymerase (rnap) holoenzyme. when bound to rnap, 6s rna serves as a transcription template for rnap in an rna-dependent rna polymerization reaction. the resulting short rna transcripts (so-called product rnas = prnas) can induce a stable structural rearrangement of 6s rna when reaching a certain length. this rearrangement leads to the rele ...201626873600
indole-2-carboxylic acid derived mono and bis 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles: synthesis, characterization and evaluation of anticancer, antibacterial, and dna-cleavage activities.a series of new indole-2-carboxylic acid derived mono and bis 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3 triazoles (i(1)-i(6) and i(7)-i(12)) were synthesized and screened for their anticancer (in vitro and in vivo), antibacterial, and dna cleavage activities. all the synthesized compounds were characterized by spectral studies. the in vitro anticancer screening results revealed that compound i(12) has registered potential activity against mcf-7, hela and hek293 as compared with the standard reference drug cisplat ...201626873415
direct comparison of physical properties of bacillus subtilis ncib 3610 and b-1 biofilms.many bacteria form surface-attached communities known as biofilms. due to the extreme resistance of these bacterial biofilms to antibiotics and mechanical stresses, biofilms are of growing interest not only in microbiology but also in medicine and industry. previous studies have determined the extracellular polymeric substances present in the matrix of biofilms formed by bacillus subtilis ncib 3610. however, studies on the physical properties of biofilms formed by this strain are just emerging. ...201626873313
isolation and identification of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria from cucumber rhizosphere and their effect on plant growth promotion and disease suppression.plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) are the rhizosphere bacteria that may be utilized to augment plant growth and suppress plant diseases. the objectives of this study were to identify and characterize pgpr indigenous to cucumber rhizosphere in bangladesh, and to evaluate their ability to suppress phytophthora crown rot in cucumber. a total of 66 isolates were isolated, out of which 10 (ppb1, ppb2, ppb3, ppb4, ppb5, ppb8, ppb9, ppb10, ppb11, and ppb12) were selected based on their in vit ...201526869996
hexose oxidase-mediated hydrogen peroxide as a mechanism for the antibacterial activity in the red seaweed ptilophora subcostata.marine algae have unique defense strategies against microbial infection. however, their mechanisms of immunity remain to be elucidated and little is known about the similarity of the immune systems of marine algae and terrestrial higher plants. here, we suggest a possible mechanism underlying algal immunity, which involves hexose oxidase (hox)-dependent production of hydrogen peroxide (h2o2). we examined crude extracts from five different red algal species for their ability to prevent bacterial ...201626867214
influence of perfluorooctanoic acid on the transport and deposition behaviors of bacteria in quartz sand.the significance of perfluorooctanoic acid (pfoa) on the transport and deposition behaviors of bacteria (gram-negative escherichia coli and gram-positive bacillus subtilis) in quartz sand is examined in both nacl and cacl2 solutions at ph 5.6 by comparing both breakthrough curves and retained profiles with pfoa in solutions versus those without pfoa. all test conditions are found to be highly unfavorable for cell deposition regardless of the presence of pfoa; however, 7%-46% cell deposition is o ...201626866280
the application of noninvasive headspace analysis to media fill inspection.the results of a proof-of-principle study demonstrating a new analytical technique for detecting microbial growth directly in pharmaceutical containers are described. this analytical technique, laser-based headspace analysis, uses tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy to nondestructively determine gas concentrations in the headspace of a media-filled pharmaceutical container. for detecting microbial growth, the levels of headspace oxygen and carbon dioxide are measured. once aerobic microo ...201626865678
calcium and magnesium ions are membrane-active against stationary-phase staphylococcus aureus with high specificity.staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus) is notorious for its ability to acquire antibiotic-resistance, and antibiotic-resistant s. aureus has become a wide-spread cause of high mortality rate. novel antimicrobials capable of eradicating s. aureus cells including antibiotic-resistant ones are thus highly desired. membrane-active bactericides and species-specific antimicrobials are two promising sources of novel anti-infective agents for fighting against bacterial antibiotic-resistance. we herein show t ...201626865182
study of silver nanoparticles synthesized by acidophilic strain of actinobacteria isolated from the of picea sitchensis forest soil.in the present work the acidophilic actinobacteria strain was used as a novel reducing agent for the cheap, green and single-step synthesis of nanostructure silver particles. structural, morphological and optical properties of the synthesized nanoparticles have been characterized by spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and electron microscopy approach. the antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles against clinical strains such as staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis, escherichia coli, ...201626864807
high molecular weight dna assembly in vivo for synthetic biology applications.dna assembly is the key technology of the emerging interdisciplinary field of synthetic biology. while the assembly of smaller dna fragments is usually performed in vitro, high molecular weight dna molecules are assembled in vivo via homologous recombination in the host cell. escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae are the main hosts used for dna assembly in vivo. progress in dna assembly over the last few years has paved the way for the construction of whole genomes. th ...201726863154
from indole to pyrrole, furan, thiophene and pyridine: search for novel small molecule inhibitors of bacterial transcription initiation complex formation.the search for small molecules capable of inhibiting transcription initiation in bacteria has resulted in the synthesis of n,n'-disubstituted hydrazines and imine-carbohydrazides comprised of indole, pyridine, pyrrole, furan and thiophene using the respective trichloroacetyl derivatives, carbohydrazides and aldehydes. replacement of the indole moiety by smaller heterocycles linked by conhnc linkers afforded a broad variety of compounds efficiently targeting the rna polymerase-σ(70)/σ(a) interact ...201626860928
integrated foam fractionation for heterologous rhamnolipid production with recombinant pseudomonas putida in a bioreactor.heterologeous production of rhamnolipids in pseudomonas putida is characterized by advantages of a non-pathogenic host and avoidance of the native quorum sensing regulation in pseudomonas aeruginosa. yet, downstream processing is a major problem in rhamnolipid production and increases in complexity at low rhamnolipid titers and when using chemical foam control. this leaves the necessity of a simple concentrating and purification method. foam fractionation is an elegant method for in situ product ...201626860613
prodigiosin induces autolysins in actively grown bacillus subtilis cells.prodigiosin produced by marine bacterium vibrio ruber dsm 14379 exhibits a potent antimicrobial activity against a broad range of gram positive and gram negative bacteria. the mechanism of prodigiosin antimicrobial action, however, is not known. in this work, the effect of prodigiosin on bacillus subtilis growth, cell membrane leakage, and induction of autolysins was studied. treating b. subtilis with prodigiosin resulted in rapid decline of optical density and increased cell membrane leakage me ...201626858704
transcriptional profiling analysis of bacillus subtilis in response to high levels of fe(3.).iron is essential to microorganisms for its important biological function but could be highly toxic in excess. we have used genome-wide transcriptional analysis in fe(3+)-treated (4 mm) bacillus subtilis to reveal the effect of excess fe(3+) on b. subtilis and characterized the potential pathways involved in fe(3+) stress tolerance. a total of 366 and 400 genes were identified as significantly up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively. we found excess fe(3+) had four major influences on b. s ...201626858131
advances and perspectives in computational prediction of microbial gene essentiality.the minimal subset of genes required for cellular growth, survival and viability of an organism are classified as essential genes. knowledge of essential genes gives insight into the core structure and functioning of a cell. this might lead to more efficient antimicrobial drug discovery, to elucidation of the correlations between genotype and phenotype, and a better understanding of the minimal requirements for a (synthetic) cell. traditionally, constructing a catalog of essential genes for a gi ...201726857942
expression of multiple bacillus subtilis genes is controlled by decay of slra mrna from rho-dependent 3' ends.timely turnover of rna is an important element in the control of bacterial gene expression, but relatively few specific targets of rna turnover regulation are known. deletion of the bacillus subtilis pnpa gene, encoding the major 3' exonuclease turnover enzyme, polynucleotide phosphorylase (pnpase), was shown previously to cause a motility defect correlated with a reduced level of the 32-gene fla/che flagellar biosynthesis operon transcript.fla/che operon transcript abundance has been shown to b ...201626857544
barrier protection via toll-like receptor 2 signaling in porcine intestinal epithelial cells damaged by deoxynivalnol.intestinal barrier is the first line of defense inside the body and comprises intercellular tight junction (tj) proteins that regulate paracellular permeability. deoxynivalenol (don), a fungal metabolite often found in the contaminated food of domestic animals, is known to impair intestinal barrier function and may be involved in intestinal inflammation. unlike in humans and mice, the importance of toll-like receptor (tlr) 2 expressed in porcine intestinal epithelial cells is largely unclear. th ...201626857454
exploiting non-linear relationships between retention time and molecular structure of peptides originating from proteomes and comparing three multivariate approaches.peptides' retention time prediction is gaining increasing popularity in liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms)-based proteomics. this is a promising approach for improving successful proteome mapping, useful both in identification and quantification workflows. in this work, a quantitative structure-retention relationships (qsrr) model for its direct prediction from the molecular structure of 185 peptides originating from 8 well-characterized proteins and two bacillus subtilis ...201626856456
inhibition of biofilm formation by d-tyrosine: effect of bacterial type and d-tyrosine concentration.d-tyrosine inhibits formation and triggers disassembly of bacterial biofilm and has been proposed for biofouling control applications. this study probes the impact of d-tyrosine in different biofilm formation stages in both g+ and g- bacteria, and reveals a non-monotonic correlation between d-tyrosine concentration and biofilm inhibition effect. in the attachment stage, cell adhesion was studied in a flow chamber, where d-tyrosine caused significant reduction in cell attachment. biofilms formed ...201626854605
gut-colonizing bacteria promote c. elegans innate immunity by producing nitric oxide.many commensal bacteria in the gut are beneficial to the host immune system, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unclear. using culture-independent illumina miseq sequencing of the bacterial 16s rrna gene amplicons, we show that bacterial diversity in the intestine of caenorhabditis elegans, the free-living nematode, is distinct from that in soil. of these bacteria, bacillus subtilis is the most prominent species in the worm gut. we demonstrate that b. subtilis confers worm resistance to i ...201626854225
response surface modeling for the inactivation of bacillus subtilis subsp. niger spores by chlorine dioxide gas in an enclosed space.bacillus subtilis subsp. niger spores are a commonly used biological indicator to evaluate the disinfection of an enclosed space. in the present study, chlorine dioxide (clo2) gas was applied to inactivate b. subtilis subsp. niger spores in an enclosed space. the effects of the clo2 gas concentration (1-3 mg/l), relative humidity (rh, 30-70%) and exposure time (30-90 min) were investigated using a response surface methodology (rsm). a three-factor box-behnken experimental design was used. the ob ...201626853499
one-step green synthetic approach for the preparation of multicolor emitting copper nanoclusters and their applications in chemical species sensing and bioimaging.one-step green microwave synthetic approach was developed for the synthesis of copper nanoclusters (cu ncs) and used as a fluorescent probe for the sensitive detection of thiram and paraquat in water and food samples. unexpectedly, the prepared cu ncs exhibited strong orange fluorescence and showed emission peak at 600 nm, respectively. under optimized conditions, the quenching of cu ncs emission peak at 600 nm was linearly proportional to thiram and paraquat concentrations in the ranges from 0. ...201626851582
production of specific-molecular-weight hyaluronan by metabolically engineered bacillus subtilis 168.low-molecular-weight hyaluronan (lmw-ha) has attracted much attention because of its many potential applications. here, we efficiently produced specific lmw-has from sucrose in bacillus subtilis. by coexpressing the identified committed genes (tuad, gtab, glmu, glmm, and glms) and downregulating the glycolytic pathway, ha production was significantly increased from 1.01gl(-1) to 3.16gl(-1), with a molecular weight range of 1.40×10(6)-1.83×10(6)da. when leech hyaluronidase was actively expressed ...201626851304
acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity and molecular docking study of steroidal alkaloids from holarrhena pubescens barks.an alkaloidal extract of the bark of holarrhena pubescens showed several inhibition zones of acetylcholinesterase (ache) inhibitor, using a bioautographic assay. activity-guided fractionation afforded three new steroidal alkaloids, mokluangins a-c (1-3), together with three known compounds, antidysentericine (4), holaphyllamine (5), methylholaphyllamine (6). all structures were elucidated by analysis of nmr and ms spectroscopic data. compound 2 showed moderate antibacterial activity against baci ...201626850468
missense mutations allow a sequence-blind mutant of spoiiie to successfully translocate chromosomes during sporulation.spoiiie directionally pumps dna across membranes during bacillus subtilis sporulation and vegetative growth. the sequence-reading domain (γ domain) is required for directional dna transport, and its deletion severely impairs sporulation. we selected suppressors of the spoiiieδγ sporulation defect. unexpectedly, many suppressors were intragenic missense mutants, and some restore sporulation to near-wild-type levels. the mutant proteins are likely not more abundant, faster at translocating dna, or ...201626849443
new approaches to achieve high level enzyme production in streptomyces lividans.actinomycetes are saprophytic soil bacteria, and a rich source of industrial enzymes. while some of these enzymes can be produced using well-characterized production platforms such as escherichia coli or bacillus subtilis, streptomyces lividans may be the preferred host for proper folding and efficient secretion of active enzymes. a combination of promoters, signal peptides and hosts were tested in order to obtain the best protein expression in this actinomycete. the xylanase, xys1, from s. hals ...201626846788
evolutionary genomics suggests that chev is an additional adaptor for accommodating specific chemoreceptors within the chemotaxis signaling complex.escherichia coli and salmonella enterica are models for many experiments in molecular biology including chemotaxis, and most of the results obtained with one organism have been generalized to another. while most components of the chemotaxis pathway are strongly conserved between the two species, salmonella genomes contain some chemoreceptors and an additional protein, chev, that are not found in e. coli. the role of chev was examined in distantly related species bacillus subtilis and helicobacte ...201626844549
microbiological analyses of traditional alcoholic beverage (chhang) and its starter (balma) prepared by bhotiya tribe of uttarakhand, india.present article depicts microbiology of starter (balma) used in traditional solid-state fermentation of alcoholic beverage (chhang) by bhotiya tribe of uttarakhand. it also highlights the importance of herbs in balma preparation and kinetics of lactic acid and ethanol fermentation under chhang preparation using balma. balma contains 214 × 10(6) cfu/g yeasts, 2.54 × 10(6) cfu/g lactic acid bacteria (lab) and 1.4 × 10(6) cfu/g other mesophilic bacteria. its sequence analysis revealed a rich divers ...201626843694
spätzle-processing enzyme-independent activation of the toll pathway in drosophila innate immunity.the toll pathway regulates innate immunity in insects and vertebrates. the drosophila toll receptor is activated by a processed form of a ligand, spätzle. spätzle-processing enzyme (spe) is the only enzyme identified to date that functions in converting spätzle to an active form during the immune response. in the present study, toll activation induced by immune challenge was almost suppressed in spätzle mutant larvae and adults, whereas it was present in spe mutant larvae challenged with microco ...201626843333
genetic links between bacterial dynamin and flotillin proteins.dynamin is a membrane-associated gtpase that confers motor-like functions in membrane dynamics, such as endocytosis, in eukaryotic cells. flotillin (reggie) proteins are also a widely conserved class of membrane proteins, associated with the formation of protein assemblies within the membrane, and with endocytotic processes. bacterial dynamin has been shown to bind to membranes in vitro and to mediate membrane fusion. bacillus subtilis dyna localizes to the cell division septum, and it was recen ...201426842743
a microbial transformation using bacillus subtilis b7-s to produce natural vanillin from ferulic acid.bacillus subtilis strain b7-s screened from18 strains is an aerobic, endospore-forming, model organism of gram-positive bacteria which is capable to form vanillin during ferulic acid bioconversion. the bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin by bacillus subtilis b7-s (b. subtilis b7-s) was investigated. based on our results, the optimum bioconversion conditions for the production of vanillin by b. subtilis b7-s can be summarized as follows: temperature 35 °c; initial ph 9.0; inoculum volume 5% ...201626841717
construction of a restriction-less, marker-less mutant useful for functional genomic and metabolic engineering of the biofuel producer clostridium acetobutylicum.clostridium acetobutylicum is a gram-positive, spore-forming, anaerobic bacterium capable of converting various sugars and polysaccharides into solvents (acetone, butanol, and ethanol). the sequencing of its genome has prompted new approaches to genetic analysis, functional genomics, and metabolic engineering to develop industrial strains for the production of biofuels and bulk chemicals.201626839586
stochastic modelling and control of antibiotic subtilin production.a stochastic hybrid model for the production of the antibiotic subtilin by the bacillus subtilis is investigated. this model consists of 5 variables with four possible discrete dynamical states and this high dimensionality represents a bottleneck for using statistical tools that require to solve the corresponding fokker-planck problem. for this reason, a suitable reduced model with 3 variables and two dynamical states is proposed. the corresponding fokker-planck hyperbolic system is used to vali ...201626837869
hetiamacin b-d, new members of amicoumacin group antibiotics isolated from bacillus subtilis pjs. 201626837569
the composition of the cell envelope affects conjugation in bacillus subtilis.conjugation in bacteria is the contact-dependent transfer of dna from one cell to another via donor-encoded conjugation machinery. it is a major type of horizontal gene transfer between bacteria. conjugation of the integrative and conjugative element icebs1 into bacillus subtilis is affected by the composition of phospholipids in the cell membranes of the donor and recipient. we found that reduction (or elimination) of lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol caused by loss of mpr f caused a decrease in conju ...201626833415
synthesis and sar of 4-methyl-5-pentylbenzene-1,3-diol (mpbd), produced by dictyostelium discoideum.4-methyl-5-pentylbenzene-1,3-diol (mpbd) is a secondary metabolite of steelya polyketide synthase, which controls cell aggregation and spore maturation of dictyostelium discoideum. in this study, chemical synthesis of mpbd and its derivatives was achieved. structure-activity relationship (sar) studies for antimicrobial activities against escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis were also conducted.201626832786
tatc-dependent translocation of pyoverdine is responsible for the microbial growth suppression.infections are often not caused by a colonization of pseudomonas aeruginosa alone but by a consortium of other bacteria. little is known about the impact of p. aeruginosa on the growth of other bacteria upon coinfection. here, cell-ree culture supernatants obtained from p. aeruginosa suppressed the growth of a number of bacterial strains such as corynebacterium glutamicum, bacillus subtilis, staphylococcus aureus, and agrobacterium tumefaciens, but had little effect on the growth of escherichia ...201626832668
2,3-butanediol production from cellobiose using exogenous beta-glucosidase-expressing bacillus subtilis.we engineered efficient 2,3-butanediol (23bd) production from cellobiose using bacillus subtilis. first, we found that b. subtilis harboring an empty vector could produce 23bd from cellobiose. however, productivity using cellobiose as a carbon source was lower than that when using glucose. this lower productivity was improved by adding purified beta-glucosidase from thermobifida fusca yx (tfu_0937) in the fermentation. encouraged by these findings, we found that hydrolysis of cellobiose to gluco ...201626830100
[antimicrobial action of nocardia vaccinii imv b-7405 surfactants].to study the effect of nocardia vaccinii imv b-7405 surfactants on some bacteria (including pathogens of genera proteus, staphylococcus, enterobacter), yeast of candida species and fungi (aspergillus niger r-3, fusarium culmorum t-7).201626829834
design, synthesis, and antimicrobial activities of new tanshinone iia esters.sixteen new ester derivatives with various partition coefficient (clogp) values of tanshinone iia (tsiia), a major lipophilic component of salvia miltiorrhiza, were designed and synthesised, including six aliphatic esters (3a-e, 5a), one phosphate ester (4c) and nine aromatic esters (5b-j). their antimicrobial activities against three gram-positive bacteria strains, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis, and bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and two gram-negative bacteria strains, pseudomonas aerug ...201626829106
dietary probiotics affect gastrointestinal microbiota, histological structure and shell mineralization in turtles.probiotics are widely used in nutrition, and their mode of action is intensively studied in mammals and birds; however, it is almost unknown in reptiles. in the present study, trachemys scripta scripta and sternotherus odoratus were used to assess the effects of dietary probiotics on chelonian gastrointestinal tract microecology. in the first, 20-week experiment, 40 young t. s. scripta were randomly distributed to four experimental groups: 1st, (con)--with no additives; 2nd, (sspa) with bacillus ...201626828367
a novel c-type lectin, nattectin-like protein, with a wide range of bacterial agglutination activity in large yellow croaker larimichthys crocea.c-type lectins (ctls) are generally recognized as a superfamily of ca(2+)-dependent carbohydrate-binding proteins, which serve as pattern recognition receptors (prrs) in innate immunity of vertebrates. in this study, the molecular characterization and immune roles of a novel ctl from larimichthys crocea (designated as lcntc) were investigated. lcntc is a novel protein that shared 33%-49% homology with other teleosts ctls. the full-length cdna of lcntc was composed of 859 bp with a 465 bp open re ...201626828263
novel approach for predicting the joint effects based on the enzyme-catalyzed kinetics.organisms are exposed to mixtures of multiple contaminants and it is necessary to build prediction models for the joint effects, considering the high expense and the complexity of the traditional toxicity testing and the flood occurrence of environmental chemical pollutants. in this study, a new method for predicting the joint effects was developed and corresponding prediction models were constructed based on the kinetic models of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. while, we utilized vibrio fischeri, e ...201626826939
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