Publications

structural heterogeneity of carbohydrate modifications affects serospecificity of campylobacter flagellins.	flagellin from campylobacter coli vc167 is post-translationally modified at > or = 16 amino acid residues with pseudaminic acid and three related derivatives. the predominant modification was 5,7-diacetamido-3,5,7,9 - tetradeoxy - l - glycero - l - manno - nonulosonic acid (pseudaminic acid, pse5ac7ac), a modification that has been described previously on flagellin from campylobacter jejuni 81-176. vc167 lacked two modi-fications present in 81-176 and instead had two unique modifications of mass ...	2002	12406231
speciation of thermotolerant campylobacter isolates involved in foodborne disease by means of dna restriction analysis and molecular probes.	the molecular identification of several strains of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli involved in foodborne disease was carried out by investigating the restriction profiles of their chromosomal dna and by dna/dna hybridization. cleavage with ecorv allowed the visualization of a 3 kb dna fragment characteristic of c. jejuni, whereas restriction with clai allowed the identification of a 9.3 kb dna fragment, also characteristic of c. jejuni, and a dna duplet of 9.5-10 kb, specific to c. c ...	2002	12381150
impediometric detection of campylobacter coli.	the rapid automated bacterial impedance technique (rabit) was examined as a method for the detection of two wild-type isolates of campylobacter coli in broth media. both isolates failed to produce a change in impedance that was sufficient for detection in any combination of six nonselective basal broth media, including mueller-hinton broth, nutrient broth no. 2, brain heart infusion broth supplemented with yeast extract (0.5% [wt/vol]), brucella broth, campy broth supplemented with yeast extract ...	2002	12380757
dna sequence and mutational analyses of the pvir plasmid of campylobacter jejuni 81-176.	the circular pvir plasmid of campylobacter jejuni strain 81-176 was determined to be 37,468 nucleotides in length with a g+c content of 26%. a total of 83% of the plasmid represented coding information, and all but 2 of the 54 predicted open reading frames were encoded on the same dna strand. there were seven genes on the plasmid in a continguous region of 8.9 kb that encoded orthologs of type iv secretion proteins found in helicobacter pylori, including four that have been described previously ...	2002	12379703
characterization of the gene encoding the major secreted lysophospholipase a of legionella pneumophila and its role in detoxification of lysophosphatidylcholine.	we previously showed that legionella pneumophila secretes, via its type ii secretion system, phospholipase a activities that are distinguished by their specificity for certain phospholipids. in this study, we identified and characterized plaa, a gene encoding a phospholipase a that cleaves fatty acids from lysophospholipids. the plaa gene encoded a 309-amino-acid protein (plaa) which had homology to a group of lipolytic enzymes containing the catalytic signature gdsl. in escherichia coli, the cl ...	2002	12379686
genetic diversity and relationships of campylobacter species and subspecies.	the existence of tremendous genetic diversity within campylobacter species has been well documented. to analyse the population structure of campylobacter and determine whether or not a clonal population structure could be detected, genetic diversity was assessed within the genus campylobacter by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis of 156 isolates representing 11 species and subspecies from disparate sources. analyses of electrophoretic mobility of 11 enzymes revealed 109 electrophoretic types (ets ...	2002	12361288
evaluation of a commercial diagnostic pcr for the identification of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli.	aims: dupont qualicon recently developed a new pcr assay for the identification of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. we evaluated the selectivity and utility of this assay compared with a pcr method already in use in our laboratory. methods and results: a group of 133 campylobacter isolates from poultry carcass rinse samples were screened using the commercial pcr and standard pcr. identical results were found for 89.5% (119/133) of the isolates. however, 10.5% (14/133) gave conflictin ...	2002	12358702
comparison of the etest and agar dilution for in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing of campylobacter.	the performance of the etest and agar dilution for in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of campylobacter spp. was evaluated using a quality control strain campylobactor jejuni atcc 33560, and 81 c. jejuni and 54 campylobacter coli isolates recovered from retail raw meats. seven antimicrobial agents: chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, erythromycin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid and tetracycline, were tested using the two methods, whereas azithromycin was tested using the etest only. the c ...	2002	12356792
trends in antimicrobial susceptibility among isolates of campylobacter species in ireland and the emergence of resistance to ciprofloxacin.	measurements were made of the susceptibility to six commonly prescribed antibiotics, including erythromycin, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin, of 130 isolates of campylobacterjejuni and 15 isolates of campylobacter coli cultured from human and poultry sources during 2000. the results were compared with the results from a collection of strains isolated between 1996 and 1998. the levels of resistance to erythromycin remained low, 2 per cent and 4.4 per cent for the human and poultry isolates, respec ...	2002	12356234
detection of helicobacter colonization of the murine lower bowel by genus-specific pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis.	helicobacter genus-specific pcr and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis can detect and speciate the helicobacters that colonize the lower bowel of laboratory mice. the method's sensitivity is comparable to that of species-specific pcr and may detect unnamed helicobacter species. this approach should prove useful for commercial and research murine facilities.	2002	12324369
double-staining method for differentiation of morphological changes and membrane integrity of campylobacter coli cells.	we developed a double-staining procedure involving nanoorange dye (molecular probes, eugene, oreg.) and membrane integrity stains (live/dead baclight kit; molecular probes) to show the morphological and membrane integrity changes of campylobacter coli cells during growth. the conversion from a spiral to a coccoid morphology via intermediary forms and the membrane integrity changes of the c. coli cells can be detected with the double-staining procedure. our data indicate that young or actively gr ...	2002	12324366
polyphosphate kinase from activated sludge performing enhanced biological phosphorus removal.	a novel polyphosphate kinase (ppk) was retrieved from an uncultivated organism in activated sludge carrying out enhanced biological phosphorus removal (ebpr). acetate-fed laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors were used to maintain sludge with a high phosphorus content (approximately 11% of the biomass). pcr-based clone libraries of small subunit rrna genes and fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) were used to verify that the sludge was enriched in rhodocyclus-like beta-proteobacteria kn ...	2002	12324346
long-term antibody responses following human infection with campylobacter jejuni.	epidemiological evidence suggests prior infection of humans by campylobacter jejuni leads to protection against disease following further exposure. it is known that infections elicit strong antibody responses following the onset of disease and that antibody levels are elevated in putatively immune populations. to determine if systemic and mucosal antibodies induced by a confirmed infection remain at elevated levels for prolonged periods, repeat serum, saliva and urine samples were taken from cam ...	2002	12296859
two predicted chemoreceptors of helicobacter pylori promote stomach infection.	helicobacter pylori must be motile or display chemotaxis to be able to fully infect mammals, but it is not known how this chemotaxis is directed. we disrupted two genes encoding predicted chemoreceptors, tlpa and tlpc. h. pylori mutants lacking either of these genes are fully motile and chemotactic in vitro and are as able as the wild type to infect mice when they are the sole infecting strains. in contrast, when mice are coinfected with the h. pylori ss1 tlpa or tlpc mutant and the wild type, w ...	2002	12228322
campylobacter coli bacteremia in an 11-year-old boy.		2002	12225560
identification and localization of flagellins flaa and flab3 within flagella of methanococcus voltae.	methanococcus voltae possesses four flagellin genes, two of which (flab1 and flab2) have previously been reported to encode major components of the flagellar filament. the remaining two flagellin genes, flaa and flab3, are transcribed at lower levels, and the corresponding proteins remained undetected prior to this work. electron microscopy examination of flagella isolated by detergent extraction of whole cells revealed a curved, hook-like region of varying length at the end of a long filament. ...	2002	12218007
use of a lightcycler gyra mutation assay for identification of ciprofloxacin-resistant campylobacter coli.	a fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based assay has been employed to detect mutations at the 86 codon in the dna gyrase a (gyra) gene in campylobacter coli strains. these mutations were associated with ciprofloxacin resistance in strains isolated in italy in 2000. the mutations in the gyra gene were detected by real-time pcr amplification followed by hybridization with two fluorescent probes designed with sequences complementary to the wild-type c. coli gyra gene. mutation detection was per ...	2002	12204377
distribution of environmentally regulated genes of streptococcus suis serotype 2 among s. suis serotypes and other organisms.	the occurrence of 36 environmentally regulated genes of streptococcus suis strain 10 among all 35 s. suis serotypes was determined by using hybridization with the amplified genes as probes. in addition, the distribution of these genes among the virulence phenotypes of serotypes 1 and 2 was assessed. hybridization was also performed with various other streptococcal species and nonstreptococcal bacterial species which may be present in pigs. interestingly, probe ivs-25/iri-1, similar to agra and s ...	2002	12202563
quorum sensing and production of autoinducer-2 in campylobacter spp., escherichia coli o157:h7, and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in foods.	autoinducer molecules are utilized by gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria to regulate density-dependent gene expression by a mechanism known as quorum sensing. pcr and dna sequencing results showed that campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli possessed luxs, which is responsible for autoinducer-2 (ai-2) production. using a vibrio harveyi luminescence assay, the production of ai-2 was observed in milk, chicken broth, and brucella broth by c. coli, c. jejuni, salmonella enterica serovar t ...	2002	12200329
a case-case comparison of campylobacter coli and campylobacter jejuni infection: a tool for generating hypotheses.	preventing campylobacteriosis depends on a thorough understanding of its epidemiology. we used case-case analysis to compare cases of campylobacter coli infection with cases of c. jejuni infection, to generate hypotheses for infection from standardized, population-based sentinel surveillance information in england and wales. persons with c. coli infection were more likely to have drunk bottled water than were those with c. jejuni infection and, in general, were more likely to have eaten pâté. im ...	2002	12194770
prevalence of thermophilic campylobacter spp. in ready-to-eat foods and raw poultry in northern ireland.	although there have been numerous studies investigating the prevalence of campylobacters in animals and raw meats, there are limited data on the persistence of these organisms in ready-to-eat (rte) foodstuffs. although poultry is now well established as a major reservoir of thermophilic campylobacters, it is widely assumed that hazard analysis critical control point (haccp) controls in commercial and industrial settings are effective in eliminating this hazard through thorough cooking of rte pro ...	2002	12182488
effects of repeated subculturing and prolonged storage at room temperature of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7 on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles.	three clinical strains of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7 which were subcultured repeatedly or stored at room temperature over a 25-week period showed appreciable variations in their pulsed-field gel electrophoresis fragment patterns. the variations could be explained by a couple of spontaneous genetic events at most and thus did not invalidate the genetic lineage of the strains.	2002	12149386
genetic basis of quinolone resistance and epidemiology of resistant and susceptible isolates of porcine campylobacter coli strains.	the aims of this study were to investigate the epidemiology of quinolone-resistant and -susceptible porcine isolates of campylobacter coli and to characterize the genetic basis of quinolone resistance.	2002	12147072
genome-wide transcriptional profiling in a histidine kinase mutant of helicobacter pylori identifies members of a regulon.	to identify putative members of a regulon controlled by the h. pylori sensory histidine kinase hp0164 (hk0164), we constructed hk0164 null mutant h. pylori strains and analyzed bacterial gene transcription using dna arrays. seven genes were differentially expressed in multiple hk0164 mutant strains compared to their expression in control strains. strain-dependent variations in differential expression were also detected. these results indicate that the signal transduction circuit utilizing hk0164 ...	2002	12142435
characterization of pit, a streptococcus pneumoniae iron uptake abc transporter.	bacteria frequently have multiple mechanisms for acquiring iron, an essential micronutrient, from the environment. we have identified a four-gene streptococcus pneumoniae operon, named pit, encoding proteins with similarity to components of a putative brachyspira hyodysenteriae iron uptake abc transporter, bit. an s. pneumoniae strain containing a defined mutation in pit has impaired growth in medium containing the iron chelator ethylenediamine di-o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, reduced sensitivity ...	2002	12117949
growth of campylobacter jejuni supported by respiration of fumarate, nitrate, nitrite, trimethylamine-n-oxide, or dimethyl sulfoxide requires oxygen.	the human gastrointestinal pathogen campylobacter jejuni is a microaerophilic bacterium with a respiratory metabolism. the genome sequence of c. jejuni strain 11168 reveals the presence of genes that encode terminal reductases that are predicted to allow the use of a wide range of alternative electron acceptors to oxygen, including fumarate, nitrate, nitrite, and n- or s-oxides. all of these reductase activities were present in cells of strain 11168, and the molybdoenzyme encoded by cj0264c was ...	2002	12107136
campylobacter coli pulsed field gel electrophoresis genotypic diversity among sows and piglets in a farrowing barn.	genotypes of campylobacter coli isolates from feces of three sows and rectal swabs of 17 piglets were examined by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge). all of the animals originated from a single farrowing barn of a farrow-to-finish swine operation. five campylobacter colonies were picked from a single agar plate for each sample after broth enrichment and growth on campy-cefex agar. genotypes were examined by pfge after genomic dna digestion with smai and sacii restriction endonucleases. twen ...	2002	12070692
cmeabc functions as a multidrug efflux system in campylobacter jejuni.	campylobacter jejuni, a gram-negative organism causing gastroenteritis in humans, is increasingly resistant to antibiotics. however, little is known about the drug efflux mechanisms in this pathogen. here we characterized an efflux pump encoded by a three-gene operon (designated cmeabc) that contributes to multidrug resistance in c. jejuni 81-176. cmeabc shares significant sequence and structural homology with known tripartite multidrug efflux pumps in other gram-negative bacteria, and it consis ...	2002	12069964
identification of the vibrio cholerae enterobactin receptors vcta and irga: irga is not required for virulence.	the gram-negative enteric pathogen vibrio cholerae requires iron for growth. v. cholerae has multiple iron acquisition systems, including utilization of heme and hemoglobin, synthesis and transport of the catechol siderophore vibriobactin, and transport of several siderophores that it does not itself make. one siderophore that v. cholerae transports, but does not make, is enterobactin. enterobactin transport requires tonb and is independent of the vibriobactin receptor viua. in this study, two c ...	2002	12065481
cecal colonization of chicks by porcine strains of campylobacter coli.	ten genotypically distinct strains of campylobacter coli were isolated from a swine production facility. these porcine isolates were then orally inoculated into day-of-hatch leghorn chicks and were excellent colonizers of the chick cecum. campylobacter coli recovered from inoculated chickens were genotypically identical to the challenge strain. the absence of host specificity suggests a possible movement of strains among swine, field animals and birds, and poultry houses.	2002	12061661
comparison of 23s polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and amplified fragment length polymorphism techniques as typing systems for thermophilic campylobacters.	in this study, we evaluated the combination of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) molecular typing techniques for the analysis of thermophilic campylobacter species isolated from clinical and poultry samples. 23s pcr-rflp analysis performed to fingerprint 69 strains exhibited an excellent level of typability. eleven different types were defined at 100% linkage level following numerical analysis of band p ...	2002	12052557
detection of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in foods by enrichment culture and polymerase chain reaction enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.	a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay based on a solution hybridization format with colorimetric end-point detection (pcr elisa) was investigated for the specific detection of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in food samples following enrichment culture. one hundred fifteen samples of raw meat and offal (poultry, porcine, ovine, and bovine), raw shellfish, and artificially contaminated milk were enriched in blood-free campylobacter enrichment broth for 48 h. enrichment cultures were ...	2002	12030285
development and application of a new scheme for typing campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli by pcr-based restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.	a molecular typing approach for campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli was developed with restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of a 9.6-kb pcr-amplified portion of the lipopolysaccharide gene cluster. sixty-one penner serotype reference strains were analyzed with this new genotyping scheme, and 32 genogroups were found. eleven additional genogroups were obtained from 87 clinical c. jejuni strains tested. this molecular typing method shows a correlation with the penner heat-stab ...	2002	11980961
molecular evolution of human immunodeficiency virus env in humans and monkeys: similar patterns occur during natural disease progression or rapid virus passage.	neonatal rhesus macaque 95-3 was inoculated with nonpassaged simian-human immunodeficiency virus strain shiv-vpu(+), which encodes env of the laboratory-adapted human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) strain iiib and is considered nonpathogenic. cd4(+) t-cell counts dropped to <200 cells/microl within 4.6 years, and monkey 95-3 died with opportunistic infections 5.9 years postinoculation. transfer of blood from 95-3 to two naive adult macaques resulted in high peak viral loads and rapid, persistent t ...	2002	11967343
comparison of rheumatological and gastrointestinal symptoms after infection with campylobacter jejuni/coli and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli.	to estimate the incidence of postinfectious joint complaints after campylobacter jejuni/coli enteritis compared with enteritis caused by enterotoxigenic e coli (etec). to compare gastrointestinal symptoms, antibiotic treatment, and antibody levels among patients with and without joint symptoms.	2002	11959770
investigations of waterborne pathogens in eurasian beaver (castor fiber) from telemark county, southeast norway.		2001	11957376
studies on enteric campylobacteriosis in tikur anbessa and ethio-swedish children's hospital, addis ababa, ethiopia.	between february 1992 and january 1993 different campylobacter spp. were isolated from 86 (13.7%) of 630 patients with diarrhoea at tikur anbessa and ethio-swedish children's hospital, addis ababa, ethiopia. in the same study population, shigella spp. were found in 11.7% and salmonella spp. in 3.8%. campylobacter spp. were found in all age groups, but the majority were isolated from children less than five years of age (68.6%). only 2 (0.9%) of 220 controls had campylobacter in their stools. of ...	1999	11957308
the superoxide dismutase gene sodm is unique to staphylococcus aureus: absence of sodm in coagulase-negative staphylococci.	superoxide dismutase (sod) profiles of clinical isolates of staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (cons) were determined by using whole-cell lysates and activity gels. all s. aureus clinical isolates exhibited three closely migrating bands of activity as previously determined for laboratory strains of s. aureus: sodm, soda, and a hybrid composed of sodm and soda (m. w. valderas and m. e. hart, j. bacteriol. 183:3399-3407, 2001). in contrast, the cons produced only one sod ac ...	2002	11948161
human campylobacteriosis in developing countries.	campylobacteriosis is a collective description for infectious diseases caused by members of the bacterial genus campylobacter. the only form of campylobacteriosis of major public health importance is campylobacter enteritis due to c. jejuni and c. coli. research and control efforts on the disease have been conducted more often in developed countries than developing countries. however, because of the increasing incidence, expanding spectrum of infections, potential of hiv-related deaths due to ca ...	2002	11927019
characterization of the campylobacter jejuni heptosyltransferase ii gene, waaf, provides genetic evidence that extracellular polysaccharide is lipid a core independent.	campylobacter jejuni produces both lipooligosaccharide (los) and a higher-molecular-weight polysaccharide that is believed to form a capsule. the role of these surface polysaccharides in c. jejuni-mediated enteric disease is unclear; however, epitopes associated with the los are linked to the development of neurological complications. in escherichia coli and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium the waaf gene encodes a heptosyltransferase, which catalyzes the transfer of the second l-glycero-d ...	2002	11914340
comparative antibiotic resistance of diarrheal pathogens from vietnam and thailand, 1996-1999.	antimicrobial resistance rates for shigella, campylobacter, nontyphoidal salmonella, and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli were compared for vietnam and thailand from 1996 to 1999. resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline was common. quinolone resistance remains low in both countries, except among campylobacter and salmonella organisms in thailand. nalidixic acid resistance among salmonellae has more than doubled since 1995 (to 21%) in thailand bu ...	2002	11897070
traditional and molecular techniques for the study of emerging bacterial diseases: one laboratory's perspective.	identification of emerging bacterial pathogens generally results from a chain of events involving microscopy, serology, molecular tools, and culture. because of the spectacular molecular techniques developed in the last decades, some authors think that these techniques will shortly supplant culture. the key steps that led to the discovery of emerging bacteria have been reviewed to determine the real contribution of each technique. historically, microscopy has played a major role. serology provid ...	2002	11897062
helicobacter pylori uses motility for initial colonization and to attain robust infection.	helicobacter pylori has been shown to require flagella for infection of the stomach. to analyze whether flagella themselves or motility is needed by these pathogens, we constructed flagellated nonmotile mutants. this was accomplished by using both an insertion mutant and an in-frame deletion of the motb gene. in vitro, these mutants retain flagella (fla(+)) but are nonmotile (mot(-)). by using fvb/n mice, we found that these mutants had reduced ability to infect mice in comparison to that of the ...	2002	11895962
identification of motility and autoagglutination campylobacter jejuni mutants by random transposon mutagenesis.	campylobacter jejuni has been identified as the leading cause of acute bacterial diarrhea in the united states, yet compared with other enteric pathogens, considerably less is understood concerning the virulence factors of this human pathogen. a random in vivo transposon mutagenesis system was recently developed for the purpose of creating a library of c. jejuni transformants. a total of 1,065 c. jejuni transposon mutants were screened for their ability to swarm on motility agar plates and autoa ...	2002	11895937
fatal case of campylobacter lari prosthetic joint infection and bacteremia in an immunocompetent patient.	campylobacter lari is an infrequent cause of intestinal and extraintestinal infection in humans. we report a case of c. lari prosthetic joint infection and bacteremia in an 81-year-old immunocompetent man. the infection was associated with septic shock and fatal outcome. c. lari may cause severe disease, even in an immunocompetent host.	2002	11880437
detection of heat-stable antigens of campylobacter jejuni and c. coli by direct agglutination and passive hemagglutination.	the two serotyping schemes for the detection of heat-stable antigens of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli use the same strains for antiserum production but differ in the detection systems used for identifying agglutination. the penner method uses passive hemagglutination (pha) while the laboratory of enteric pathogens method uses the same antisera but in a whole-bacterial-cell direct agglutination (da) protocol. c. jejuni produces a polysaccharide capsule, which is antigenic, and is th ...	2002	11880429
application of a 5' nuclease assay for detection of lawsonia intracellularis in fecal samples from pigs.	a 5' nuclease assay was developed to detect lawsonia intracellularis in porcine fecal samples. the specific probe and primers were chosen by using the 16s ribosomal dna gene as a target. the 5' nuclease assay was used with a total of 204 clinical samples, and the results were compared to those of immunohistochemistry (im) on ileal sections of the same animals. there was 91% agreement between the results of im and the 5' nuclease assay. in the 5' nuclease assay, 111 (54%) of the pigs tested posit ...	2002	11880427
identification of campylobacter heat-stable and heat-labile antigens by combining the penner and lior serotyping schemes.		2002	11880386
detection of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in environmental waters by pcr enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.	a pcr enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) assay was applied to the detection of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in environmental water samples after enrichment culture. bacterial cells were concentrated from 69 environmental water samples by using filtration, and the filtrates were cultured in campylobacter blood-free broth. after enrichment culture, dna was extracted from the samples by using a rapid-boiling method, and the dna extracts were used as a template in a pcr elisa a ...	2002	11872483
subspecies characterization of porcine campylobacter coli and campylobacter jejuni by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis typing.	enteropathogenic campylobacterjejuni, c. coli and c. lari are currently the most common causes of acute infectious diarrhoeal illness in the uk. many domestic animals, including pigs, act as natural reservoirs of these organisms and infection may occur through the ingestion of contaminated foodstuffs. c jejuni and c. coli, isolated from the livers of bacon pigs, were examined at subspecies level by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (mee) typing with seven enzymic loci. polymorphological variatio ...	2002	11860082
antimicrobial resistance and plasmid profiles of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli from human and animal sources.	the purpose of this study was to determine the susceptibility of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates to antimicrobial agents and to investigate the presence of plasmid dna.	2002	11849513
a multiplex polymerase chain reaction for the differentiation of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli from a swine processing facility and characterization of isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and antibiotic resistance profiles.	a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was developed for the detection and speciation of 60 campylobacter strains isolated from porcine rectal swabs and from different areas in a pork processing plant. the pcr assay was based on primers specific for the cadf gene of pathogenic campylobacter species, a specific but undefined gene of campylobacter jejuni, and the ceue gene of campylobacter coli. further characterization of these isolates was established by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pf ...	2002	11848556
lectin typing of campylobacter concisus.	a total of 44 clinical isolates and the type strain of the putative pathogen campylobacter concisus were grouped based on their reactions with plant lectins. the optimized lectin typing system used c. concisus strains proteolytically pretreated and subsequently typed by using a panel of four lectins. the system grouped all 45 strains into 13 lectin reaction patterns, leaving no strain untypeable due to autoagglutination. lectin types were both stable and reproducible.	2002	11826005
impact of transport crate reuse and of catching and processing on campylobacter and salmonella contamination of broiler chickens.	the influence of transport, catching, and processing on contamination of broiler chickens with salmonella and campylobacter was investigated. transport crates were reused with high frequency and were often still contaminated with salmonella and campylobacter when they arrived at the farm despite the fact that they were washed at the factory, and thus they were a potential route of infection. these organisms contaminated the feathers of previously campylobacter- and salmonella-negative birds goin ...	2002	11823211
agglutination of helicobacter pylori coccoids by lectins.	aim:to study the agglutination pattern of helicobacter pylori coccoid andspiral forms.methods:assays of agglutination and agglu-tination inhibition were applied using fifteen commercial lectins.results:strong agglutination was observed with mannose specific concanavalin a(con a), fucose specific tetragonolobus purpureas(lotus a) and n-acetyl glucosamine-specific triticum vulgaris (wga) lectins. mannose and fucose specific lectins were reactive with all strains of h. pylori coccoids as compared t ...	2000	11819557
thermophilic campylobacters in surface water: a potential risk of campylobacteriosis.	campylobacteriosis caused by campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli and campylobacter lari is one of the most frequently occurring acute gastroenteritis diseases in humans. an important risk factor is untreated drinking water. thermotolerant campylobacters were isolated from bø river water using 100-ml filtrate samples. campylobacters were isolated from 32 of 60 samples (53.3%). of the 75 strains isolated, 47 (62.7%) were detected using the enrichment procedure and 28 (37.2%) by direct plating ...	2001	11798419
the helicobacter pylori homologue of the ferric uptake regulator is involved in acid resistance.	the only known niche of the human pathogen helicobacter pylori is the gastric mucosa, where large fluctuations of ph occur, indicating that the bacterial response and resistance to acid are important for successful colonization. one of the few regulatory proteins in the h. pylori genome is a homologue of the ferric uptake regulator (fur). in most bacteria, the main function of fur is the regulation of iron homeostasis. however, in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, fur also plays an import ...	2002	11796589
the non-h pylori helicobacters: their expanding role in gastrointestinal and systemic diseases.	the number of species in the genus helicobacter has rapidly expanded over the past decade. the genus now includes at least 24 formally named species as well as numerous other helicobacters awaiting formal naming. this review highlights the expanding role that other helicobacters, although not as well known as h pylori, play in gastrointestinal and systemic disease in humans.	2002	11788573
evaluation of a novel heminested pcr assay based on the phosphoglucosamine mutase gene for detection of helicobacter pylori in saliva and dental plaque.	a novel heminested pcr protocol was developed for the specific detection of helicobacter pylori at low copy numbers. a set of primers specific for the phosphoglucosamine mutase gene (glmm) of h. pylori produced a 765-bp fragment that was used as template for the heminested primer pair delineating a 496-bp fragment. by using agarose gel electrophoresis for detection of the heminested pcr-amplified products, amplification of h. pylori genomic dna was achieved at concentrations as low as 0.1 pg, eq ...	2002	11773117
isolation and polymerase chain reaction-based detection of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli from poultry in the philippines.	the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and the conventional culture method of detecting thermophilic campylobacter species in duck and chicken samples from two locations in the province of laguna, philippines, were compared. three campylobacter jejuni and five c. coli strains were isolated from a total of 135 duck and chicken samples from both methods. the pcr technique, however, was found to be more sensitive, accurate and rapid than the conventional culture method. the specificity of two sets of ...	2001	11759758
single or double mutational alterations of gyra associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli.	we looked for the presence of gyra mutations in seven fluoroquinolone-resistant french clinical isolates of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. three of the five isolates of c. jejuni and the two isolates of c. coli had high-level resistance to nalidixic acid (mics 128-256 microg/ml) and ciprofloxacin (mics 32 microg/ml). a gyra mutation was found in all these isolates leading to the following substitutions: thr86-ile in four cases and asp90-tyr for one c. coli strain. one isolate had h ...	2001	11759087
[antagonistic activity of lactobacillus bacteria strains against anaerobic gastrointestinal tract pathogens (helicobacter pylori, campylobacter coli, campylobacter jejuni, clostridium difficile)].	antagonistic activity of lactobacillus strains has been known for some time. this property is connected with production of many active substances by lactobacilli e.g., organic acids and bacteriocin-like substances which interfere with other indigenous microorganisms inhabiting the same ecological niche, including also anaerobic gastrointestinal tract pathogens. growing interest of clinical medicine in finding new approaches to treatment and prevention of common inflammatory infections of the dig ...	2001	11757422
identification of target genes regulated by the two-component system hp166-hp165 of helicobacter pylori.	two-component systems are signal transduction systems which enable bacteria to regulate cellular functions in response to changing environmental conditions. in most cases regulation is accomplished on the transcriptional level by a response regulator protein, which, according to the phosphorylation state of its receiver domain, displays different affinities for its target promoters. here we describe identification of genes regulated by the two-component system hp166-hp165 of helicobacter pylori ...	2002	11751811
use of a multiplex pcr-based assay to differentiate campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli strains isolated from human and animal sources.		2002	11749144
an optimised recovery method for thermophilic campylobacter from liver.	the past three decades have witnessed the rise of campylobacter enteritis in man from virtual obscurity to notoriety, with present isolation rates superseding those of other enteric pathogens such as salmonella spp. and shigella spp. in most developed countries. although campylobacters are not completely new to applied bacteriology, they have evaded traditional isolation techniques used for the isolation of pure cultures, apart from single isolations that were free from competing organisms. offa ...	2001	11741507
development of a pcr elisa assay for the identification of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli.	a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed based on a solution-hybridization colorimetric end-point detection format (pcr elisa) for the identification of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. pcr primers were designed to target a gene sequence with species-specific motifs. five biotin-labelled probes targeted to the species-specific motifs were investigated for the detection of digoxygenin-labelled pcr products from c. jejuni and c. coli using the pcr elisa format. two probes ...	2001	11735301
detection of hepatitis a virus by the nucleic acid sequence-based amplification technique and comparison with reverse transcription-pcr.	a nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (nasba) technique for the detection of hepatitis a virus (hav) in foods was developed and compared to the traditional reverse transcription (rt)-pcr technique. oligonucleotide primers targeting the vp1 and vp2 genes encoding the major hav capsid proteins were used for the amplification of viral rna in an isothermal process resulting in the accumulation of rna amplicons. amplicons were detected by hybridization with a digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotide ...	2001	11722911
prevalence of campylobacter spp., escherichia coli, and salmonella serovars in retail chicken, turkey, pork, and beef from the greater washington, d.c., area.	a total of 825 samples of retail raw meats (chicken, turkey, pork, and beef) were examined for the presence of escherichia coli and salmonella serovars, and 719 of these samples were also tested for campylobacter spp. the samples were randomly obtained from 59 stores of four supermarket chains during 107 sampling visits in the greater washington, d.c., area from june 1999 to july 2000. the majority (70.7%) of chicken samples (n = 184) were contaminated with campylobacter, and a large percentage ...	2001	11722889
efficient isolation of campylobacter upsaliensis from stools.		2001	11712518
trichuris suis: detection of antibacterial activity in excretory-secretory products from adults.	antibacterial activity was detected in excretory-secretory products (esp) of adult trichuris suis cultured in vitro in serum-free media. gram-negative bacteria (campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli, and escherichia coli) and gram-positive bacteria (staphylococcus aureus) were sensitive to esp. susceptibility was dependent on the concentration of esp but not on the inoculum size. preliminary assessment of the mode of action suggests a bacteriocidal mechanism. this antibacterial activity was h ...	2001	11708831
identification, characterization, and variation in expression of two serologically distinct o-antigen epitopes in lipopolysaccharides of campylobacter fetus serotype a strains.	monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to the lipopolysaccharide (lps) o-antigens of campylobacter fetus serotype a and b strains were produced. eight mabs specific for serotype a lps were characterized on immunoblots of c. fetus serotype a lps. two immunoblot patterns were observed and were used to divide the eight mabs into two groups. mabs m1177 and m1194 were selected as representative of the two groups and were used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to examine the lps o-antigen epitopes ...	2001	11705938
phase variation in the helicobacter pylori phospholipase a gene and its role in acid adaptation.	previously, we have shown that helicobacter pylori can spontaneously and reversibly change its membrane lipid composition, producing variants with low or high content of lysophospholipids. the "lyso" variant contains a high percentage of lysophospholipids, adheres better to epithelial cells, and releases more proteins such as urease and vaca, compared to the "normal" variant, which has a low content of lysophospholipids. prolonged growth of the normal variant at ph 3.5, but not under neutral con ...	2001	11705905
evaluation of a pcr/dna probe colorimetric membrane assay for identification of campylobacter spp. in human stool specimens.	dna was extracted from 50 human stool specimens using the qiaamp dna stool minikit. pcr amplification was followed by post-pcr hybridization to dna probes specific for the campylobacter genus, campylobacter jejuni, and campylobacter coli in a colorimetric membrane assay. thirty-two of 38 culture-positive specimens were pcr/dna probe positive for c. jejuni. the assay is rapid and simple and can be applied to stool specimens for the detection of campylobacter.	2001	11682549
bacterial genetic fingerprint: a reliable factor in the study of the epidemiology of human campylobacter enteritis?	the rate of human intestinal infections with more than a single campylobacter strain was determined and the genetic variabilities of campylobacter strains throughout an infection episode were investigated by means of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence pcr (eric-pcr). for 48 and 49 of 50 patients, all isolates from one sample showed identical patterns by pfge and eric-pcr, respectively. throughout an infection episode in 47 of 52 p ...	2001	11682547
genome sequence-based fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism of campylobacter jejuni, its relationship to serotyping, and its implications for epidemiological analysis.	the published genome sequence of campylobacter jejuni strain nctc 11168 was used to model an accurate and highly reproducible fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (faflp) analysis. predicted and experimentally observed amplified fragments (afs) generated with the primer pair hindiii+a and hhai+a were compared. all but one of the 61 predicted afs were reproducibly detected, and no unpredicted fragments were amplified. this faflp analysis was used to genotype 74 c. jejuni strains bel ...	2001	11682493
aminoglycoside-streptothricin resistance gene cluster aade-sat4-apha-3 disseminated among multiresistant isolates of enterococcus faecium.	seventy-two enterococcus faecium isolates of different origins highly resistant to nourseothricin and streptomycin were studied. sequencing of a genomic fragment from two isolates identified a gene cluster, aade-sat4-apha-3, which has been isolated recently in staphylococci and campylobacter coli. patterns of digested pcr products of aade-sat4-apha-3 were identical for all isolates.	2001	11600397
whole genome comparison of campylobacter jejuni human isolates using a low-cost microarray reveals extensive genetic diversity.	campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial food-borne diarrhoeal disease throughout the world, and yet is still a poorly understood pathogen. whole genome microarray comparisons of 11 c. jejuni strains of diverse origin identified genes in up to 30 nctc 11168 loci ranging from 0.7 to 18.7 kb that are either absent or highly divergent in these isolates. many of these regions are associated with the biosynthesis of surface structures including flagella, lipo-oligosaccharide, and the ne ...	2001	11591647
molecular detection of antimicrobial resistance.	the determination of antimicrobial susceptibility of a clinical isolate, especially with increasing resistance, is often crucial for the optimal antimicrobial therapy of infected patients. nucleic acid-based assays for the detection of resistance may offer advantages over phenotypic assays. examples are the detection of the methicillin resistance-encoding meca gene in staphylococci, rifampin resistance in mycobacterium tuberculosis, and the spread of resistance determinants across the globe. how ...	2001	11585788
differentiation of campylobacter species by aflp fingerprinting.	the fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) fingerprinting method was tested for its ability to identify and subtype the most important campylobacter species found in veterinary infections. sixty-nine reference strains and 19 clinical isolates of campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni, campylobacter jejuni subsp. doylei, campylobacter upsaliensis, campylobacter coli, campylobacter lari, campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus, c. fetus subsp. venerealis, campylobacter hyointestinalis subs ...	2001	11577152
molecular identification of campylobacter concisus.	a 1.6-kb dna fragment isolated from a campylobacter concisus genomic library gave c. concisus-specific restriction fragment length patterns when it was used as a probe in hybridization studies. all of the strains tested, including type strains and clinical isolates, contained a 0.5-kb hindiii fragment that hybridized to the probe. dna sequencing of the 1.6-kb fragment identified three open reading frames (orfs). one of the orfs encodes the carboxy terminus of gyrb, and the translational products ...	2001	11574591
taxonomy and identification of the burkholderia cepacia complex.		2001	11574551
structural investigations of the active-site mutant asn156ala of outer membrane phospholipase a: function of the asn-his interaction in the catalytic triad.	outer membrane phospholipase a (ompla) from escherichia coli is an integral-membrane enzyme with a unique his-ser-asn catalytic triad. in serine proteases and serine esterases usually an asp occurs in the catalytic triad; its role has been the subject of much debate. here the role of the uncharged asparagine in the active site of ompla is investigated by structural characterization of the asn156ala mutant. asparagine 156 is not involved in maintaining the overall active-site configuration and do ...	2001	11567087
phenotyping of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli by a quantitative antibiogram [mic] typing scheme using euclidean distances [qated].	background: enteropathogenic campylobacter jejuni and c. coli are presently the most common cause of acute bacterial gastroenteritis in the developed world. an understanding of sources and means of transmission of campylobacter is an essential factor in order to reduce the incidence of campylobacter-related gastroenteritis in man. consequently a reproducible, sensitive and well-standardised typing scheme is critical in the successful discrimination of strains and in the subsequent investigations ...	2001	11527505
sequence typing confirms that campylobacter jejuni strains associated with guillain-barré and miller-fisher syndromes are of diverse genetic lineage, serotype, and flagella type.	guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) and miller-fisher syndrome (mfs) are correlated with prior infection by campylobacter jejuni in up to 40% of cases. nucleotide sequence-based typing of 25 c. jejuni isolates associated with neuropathy permitted robust comparisons with equivalent data from approximately 800 c. jejuni isolates not associated with neuropathy. a total of 13 genetic lineages and 20 flaa short variable region nucleotide sequences were present among the 25 isolates. a minority of isolates ...	2001	11526174
survival of clinical and poultry-derived isolates of campylobacter jejuni at a low temperature (4 degrees c).	campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans, and contamination of poultry has been implicated in illness. the bacteria are fastidious in terms of their temperature requirements, being unable to grow below ca. 31 degrees c, but have been found to be physiologically active at lower temperatures and to tolerate exposure to low temperatures in a strain-dependent manner. in this study, 19 field isolates of c. jejuni (10 of clinical and 9 of poultry origin) were stud ...	2001	11526022
prevalence, antigenic specificity, and bactericidal activity of poultry anti-campylobacter maternal antibodies.	poultry are considered the major reservoir for campylobacter jejuni, a leading bacterial cause of human food-borne diarrhea. to understand the ecology of c. jejuni and develop strategies to control c. jejuni infection in the animal reservoir, we initiated studies to examine the potential role of anti-campylobacter maternal antibodies in protecting young broiler chickens from infection by c. jejuni. using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), the prevalence of anti-c. jejuni antibodies in ...	2001	11525990
intracellular redox status and antibiotic resistance in enterogastric micro-aerophilic bacteria: evidence for the 'scavenging of oxygen' hypothesis.	metronidazole and glutathione reduction activities were measured in situ in the micro-aerophilic bacteria campylobacter coli and helicobacter pylori employing 14n- and 1h-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. the properties of these enzyme activities were investigated in matched pairs of strains with sensitive and resistant phenotypes to the antimicrobial metronidazole. the results indicated that the ability of each type of strain to reduce metronidazole corresponded to its sensitive or resis ...	2001	11523593
cytolethal distending toxin demonstrates genotoxic activity in a yeast model.	cytolethal distending toxins (cdts) are multisubunit proteins produced by a variety of bacterial pathogens that cause enlargement, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in mammalian cells. while their function remains uncertain, recent studies suggest that they can act as intracellular dnases in mammalian cells. here we establish a novel yeast model for understanding cdt-associated disease. expression of the cdtb subunit in yeast causes a g2/m arrest, as seen in mammalian cells. cdtb toxicity is not ...	2001	11500452
report a case of campylobacter coli bacteremia in a patient with gastro-enteritis.		2000	11484426
a campylobacter coli foodborne outbreak in belgium.	in may 1995, the scientific institute of public health was informed of an outbreak of gastrointestinal illness in a congregational school in the brussels area. the field investigation identified 24 cases with mild to severe gastrointestinal and general symptoms of acute bacterial enterocolitis. campylobacter coli was detected in the stools of 5 patients. a retrospective cohort study suggested that a mixed salad (containing ham and feta cheese) was the probable source of infection, but the route ...	2000	11484421
a genomic island in pseudomonas aeruginosa carries the determinants of flagellin glycosylation.	protein glycosylation has been long recognized as an important posttranslational modification process in eukaryotic cells. glycoproteins, predominantly secreted or surface localized, have also been identified in bacteria. we have identified a cluster of 14 genes, encoding the determinants of the flagellin glycosylation machinery in pseudomonas aeruginosa pak, which we called the flagellin glycosylation island. flagellin glycosylation can be detected only in bacteria expressing the a-type flagell ...	2001	11481492
antimicrobial susceptibilities of campylobacter strains isolated from food animals in belgium.	campylobacter spp. are a frequent cause of diarrhoea in man, originating mostly from poultry. it has been suggested that the veterinary use of antibiotics is largely responsible for resistance in human isolates, particularly to quinolones. during a 6 month period from june to december 1998, 677 campylobacter isolates were obtained from healthy poultry and pigs. samples were taken at belgian slaughterhouses. species identification was performed by biochemical tests, multiplex pcr and sds-page of ...	2001	11481294
iron-dependent transcription of the frpb gene of helicobacter pylori is controlled by the fur repressor protein.	we have overexpressed and purified the helicobacter pylori fur protein and analyzed its interaction with the intergenic regions of divergent genes involved in iron uptake (frpb and ceue) and oxygen radical detoxification (kata and tsaa). dnase i footprint analysis showed that fur binds specifically to a high-affinity site overlapping the p(frpb) promoter and to low-affinity sites located upstream from promoters within both the frpb-kata and ceue-tsaa intergenic regions. construction of an isogen ...	2001	11466300
identification of the carbohydrate moieties and glycosylation motifs in campylobacter jejuni flagellin.	flagellins from three strains of campylobacter jejuni and one strain of campylobacter coli were shown to be extensively modified by glycosyl residues, imparting an approximate 6000-da shift from the molecular mass of the protein predicted from the dna sequence. tryptic peptides from c. jejuni 81-176 flagellin were subjected to capillary liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry with a high/low orifice stepping to identify peptide segments of aberrant masses together with their corresp ...	2001	11461915
development of a ceue-based multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for direct detection and differentiation of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in thailand.	a novel ceue-based multiplex pcr system was developed as an efficient diagnostics test to detect and differentiate c. jejuni and c. coli. there is no cross reactivity between c. jejuni and c. coli. in addition, the assay does not produce a positive signal from other enteric bacteria including salmonella, shigella and escherichia coli strains. campylobacter detection sensitivity was determined to be equivalent to previously reported pcr for other enteric bacteria. we also noticed that silicon dio ...	2001	11448558
genomic heterogeneity and o-antigenic diversity of campylobacter upsaliensis and campylobacter helveticus strains isolated from dogs and cats in germany.	a serotyping scheme based on heat-stable surface antigens was established for 101 campylobacter upsaliensis and 10 campylobacter helveticus strains isolated from 261 dogs and 46 cats of different ages originating from two geographically distinct regions in germany. the prevalence of c. upsaliensis varied between 27.8% in juvenile dogs (<12 months of age) and 55.4% in adult dogs (p < 0.05). of the cats, 19.6% harbored c. upsaliensis, whereas 21.7% carried c. helveticus. of the c. upsaliensis isol ...	2001	11427567
helicobacter winghamensis sp. nov., a novel helicobacter sp. isolated from patients with gastroenteritis.	from 1997 to 1999 seven isolates of campylobacter-like organisms from five patients that were exhibiting symptoms of gastroenteritis, including fever, stomach malaise, and diarrhea, were investigated. the organisms were isolated from stool samples and found to exhibit a diverse colony morphology; hence multiple isolates were submitted from one of the patients. all isolates were found to be identical. the organisms were catalase, urease, alkaline phosphatase, and nitrate negative but oxidase and ...	2001	11427547
evaluation of methods for subtyping campylobacter jejuni during an outbreak involving a food handler.	in october 1998, the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) assisted in an investigation of an outbreak of campylobacteriosis at a school in salina, kansas. twenty-two isolates were submitted from the kansas state public health laboratory to cdc, 9 associated with the outbreak and 13 epidemiologically unrelated sporadic isolates. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) using smai and sali was initially used to validate the epidemiologic data. we then tested the ability of other subtypi ...	2001	11427543
comparison of genotypes and serotypes of campylobacter jejuni isolated from danish wild mammals and birds and from broiler flocks and humans.	the incidence of human infection with campylobacter jejuni is increasing in most developed countries and the reason for this is largely unknown. although poultry meat is considered to be a major source, it is evident that other reservoirs exist, possibly common to humans and poultry. environmental sources are believed to be important reservoirs of campylobacter infection in broiler chicken flocks. we investigated the potential importance of wildlife as a source of infection in commercial poultry ...	2001	11425730
serotype and genotype diversity and hatchery transmission of campylobacter jejuni in commercial poultry flocks.	we investigated the genotype and serotype diversity of campylobacter coli and c. jejuni in two parent flocks of adult hens and their offspring over two rotations in order to evaluate the role of hatchery mediated transmission and/or vertical transmission of campylobacters in broiler flocks. in total, 314 c. jejuni and 32 c. coli isolates from parent and broiler flocks and from the surroundings of broiler houses were typed by flagellin gene pcr/rflp (fla-typing), and selected isolates were also t ...	2001	11423205