Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| sero-epidemiological patterns of epstein-barr and herpes simplex (hsv-1 and hsv-2) viruses in england and wales. | the aim was to carry out a population-based sero-prevalence survey of epstein-barr virus (ebv) across a wide age range in england and wales and to identify any associations between ebv and herpes simplex virus types one and two (hsv-1 and 2). sera from an age-stratified sample of 2,893 individuals, submitted for diagnostic purposes to 15 public health laboratories in england and wales in 1994, were tested for immunoglobulin g (igg) antibody to ebv. the samples had been tested previously for igg ... | 2002 | 12115998 |
| support for students with academic difficulties. | the human and financial costs of academic failure amongst medical students are extremely high. often, remedial support is infrequently available or is available only for students failing their final examinations. we describe the design, implementation and preliminary evaluation of a remedial programme (rp) for students who experience academic difficulties. | 2002 | 12109986 |
| crossed wires: interpreters, translators, and bilingual workers in cross-language research. | increasingly, researchers are undertaking studies involving people who do not speak the same language as they do. sociologists have long argued that language constructs the social world at the same time as it describes it. however, the implications of this for cross-language research are rarely considered. employing interpreters/translators and "cultural brokers" in research raises methodological issues around the meanings of concepts and how to convey difference. using a project that employed t ... | 2002 | 12109728 |
| preventing drug-related morbidity--determining valid indicators. | to describe the process that is being undertaken to validate a series of indicators for preventable drug-related morbidity - originally developed in the us - for application in the uk health care system. | 2002 | 12108529 |
| the big brown eyes of samuel pepys. | samuel pepys (1633-1703) is known for writing the finest diary in the english language. he was a man of remarkable accomplishments who transformed the english navy, was president of the royal society, and was a member of the british parliament. he survived the great plague and imprisonment in the tower of london. during the years when he was writing the diary, pepys began to experience great pain in his eyes when reading and writing and from photophobia, which caused him to give up writing the d ... | 2002 | 12096971 |
| virus isolation data from water of some european rivers: an overview. | the present overview is the result of our scrutiny of data concerning the presence of viruses in the water of diverse european rivers. these data were assembled from the published literature--articles, doctoral theses and reports from investigations conducted by environmental virologists beginning during the final years of the sixth decenium of the twentieth century, first in france, czechoslovakia, romania, ukraine, u.s.a. then in other european and countries worldwide. the overview covers the ... | 2002 | 12096684 |
| clinical research and its ethical control in durham between 1974 and 1979. | 1980 | 12085872 | |
| the man who saved us all. | 2002 | 12082340 | |
| local surveillance of influenza in the united kingdom: from sentinel general practices to sentinel cities? | surveillance of influenza in england and wales utilises a disparate geographical network of general practices to provide clinical data in the form of weekly consultation rates for influenza and 'influenza-like illness'. this network accurately detects and monitors seasonal influenza activity at national and supra-regional levels. localised regional and sub-regional epidemics are less easily detected. we describe a localised epidemic of influenza affecting a deprived urban community in the north ... | 2002 | 12070970 |
| perceptions of influenza and influenza vaccination in patients attending hospital outpatient clinics. | influenza remains a major cause of morbidity and disruption to health services during winter. annual vaccination of risk groups is the mainstay of influenza management policy. despite much national publicity, vaccine uptake remains below desired levels. we investigated the perceptions of influenzal illness and opinions on vaccination in hospital outpatients attending clinics associated with risk and non-risk (i.e. control) morbidities. there were 270 recruited patients in risk groups: 90 each fr ... | 2002 | 12070969 |
| constructing vital statistics: thomas rowe edmonds and william farr, 1835-1845. | this paper describes the role of these two english statisticians in establishing mortality measurements as means of assessing the health of human populations. key to their innovations was the uses for the law of mortality edmonds claimed to have discovered in 1832. in reality he had merely rediscovered a relationship between aging and mortality first described mathematically by benjamin gompertz a decade earlier. during the 1830s edmonds attempted to interest the medical profession in his discov ... | 2002 | 12050933 |
| impact of the insect biting nuisance on a british youth expedition to alaska. | the morbidity and nuisance factor associated with bites from mosquitoes and other insects are one of the many hazards faced by travelers, including those to the arctic. a predeparture literature review suggested that insect bites were such a large problem in the area to be visited that they would probably have a significant impact on expedition activities. therefore, we set out to assess the extent of the insect biting nuisance, focussing particularly on interference with expedition activities, ... | 2002 | 12044274 |
| local irbs fail to assess remote human studies. | 2002 | 12042790 | |
| attorney general v. x. | in this case in which a 14-year-old girl said she had become pregnant after being raped by her friend's father, the attorney general of ireland had enjoined the girl and her parents from traveling to england for an abortion. a psychologist had testified that in her present state of mind, the girl was suicidal. the supreme court of ireland held that the right to life supersedes all other rights, including the right to travel. however, if there is a real and substantial risk to the life of the mot ... | 1992 | 12041095 |
| excess winter mortality. method of calculating mortality attributed to influenza is disputed. | 2002 | 12039836 | |
| more than 4000 children are missing out on hormone treatment. | 2002 | 12039814 | |
| roe v. wade. 22 jan 1973. | 1973 | 12038376 | |
| faecal carriage of verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli o157 in cattle and sheep at slaughter in great britain. | a 12-month abattoir survey was conducted between january 1999 and january 2000, to determine the prevalence of faecal carriage of verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli o157 (vtec o157) in cattle and sheep slaughtered for human consumption in great britain. samples of rectum containing faeces were collected from 3939 cattle and 4171 sheep at 118 abattoirs, in numbers proportional to the throughput of the premises. the annual prevalence of faecal carriage of vtec o157 was 4.7 per cent (95 per c ... | 2002 | 12036241 |
| convincing an asian community of the importance of flu vaccination. | increasing the uptake of flu vaccination in an area with a large bangladeshi population required a tailored approach to getting the message across. every opportunity to communicate the issues was taken by the staff of the healthy living centre, including using the topic as subject matter in a class for those improving their spoken english. | 2001 | 12030065 |
| the nhs plan: nurse satisfaction, commitment and retention strategies. | the nhs plan envisages a paradigm shift from a centralized, producer-led national health service (nhs) to a devolved, patient-centred health care service, fuelled by a substantial investment in human resources, beds, hospitals and infrastructure. the planned net increase of 20,000 nurses by 2004 is examined in the light of findings from a qualitative study of nurse satisfaction, commitment or intention to leave their hospital, nursing or the nhs, involving 124 nurses in four london hospitals. th ... | 2002 | 12028798 |
| the impact of the european convention on human rights on medical law. | 2002 | 12024878 | |
| the number of markers of pancreatic autoimmunity is proportional to the risk for type 1 diabetes mellitus in italian and english patients with organ-specific autoimmune diseases. | an 11-year prospective study was carried out in 226 patients with organ-specific autoimmune disease (osad) coming from northern italy and southern england. patients were investigated for diabetes-related autoantibodies (icas, gadabs, and ia2abs) in order to evaluate the best immunological combination in predicting type 1 dm. one hundred twenty-eight patients were ica positive (77 italian and 51 english), and 98 were ica negative. icas were detected by immunofluorescence technique on human pancre ... | 2002 | 12021123 |
| the contribution of allison and nissen to the evolution of hiatus herniorrhaphy. | even though it was not until 1950 that barrett introduced the term "reflux esophagitis", this entity is now the most common disease afflicting the western world. diaphragmatic herniation, recognized by sennertus in 1541, was first repaired by potemski (1889). before world-war ii, the condition was considered rare; symptomatology, as in external herniae, was ascribed to pinching of the stomach by the hernial ring. only large protrusions, with signs of impending incarceration, volvulus, or strangu ... | 2001 | 12003049 |
| removing the labels, meeting the needs. | 2002 | 12001389 | |
| epidemiology of human sapporo-like caliciviruses in the south west of england: molecular characterisation of a genetically distinct isolate. | human enteric caliciviruses have been assigned to two distinct genera: the norwalk-like viruses (nlvs) and the sapporo-like viruses (slvs). during a 3-year surveillance of gastroenteritis in the south west of england during november 1997-2000, a total of 27 clinical samples containing slvs were collected. pcr amplicons covering a region of the rna polymerase gene were obtained from 18 of the slv samples. sequence analysis of the pcr products indicated that the slv isolates could be assigned to o ... | 2002 | 11992591 |
| centennial of einthoven's first recording of the human electrocardiogram with the string galvanometer. | 2002 | 11991362 | |
| use of a high-fidelity simulator to develop testing of the technical performance of novice anaesthetists. | we used the delphi technique to gain a consensus from 26 consultant anaesthetists about technical tasks during general anaesthesia. we then developed a technical scoring system to assess anaesthetists undertaking general anaesthesia with rapid sequence induction. | 2002 | 11990263 |
| predicting the home location of serial offenders: a preliminary comparison of the accuracy of human judges with a geographic profiling system. | the accuracy with which human judges, before and after 'training', could predict the likely home location of serial offenders was compared with predictions produced by a geographic profiling system known as dragnet. all predictions were derived from ten spatial displays, one for each of ten different u.s. serial murderers, indicating five crime locations. in all conditions participants were asked to place an 'x' on each spatial display corresponding to where they thought the offender lived. in t ... | 2002 | 11979494 |
| genotyping of enterocytozoon bieneusi in aids patients from the north west of england. | in this study enterocytozoon bieneusi -positive faeces samples from aids patients in the north west of england were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and dna sequencing for potential zoonotic origins. | 2002 | 11972417 |
| acclimatizing the world: a history of the paradigmatic colonial science. | this paper examines the institutions, personages, and the theories that informed acclimatization activities in nineteenth-century france, england, and the two colonies of algeria and australia. treating acclimatization as a scientific concept and activity the essay begins with the conditions of its emergence in enlightenment france. subsequent sections trace the growth of the acclimatization movement and its translation to the british context, and consider reasons for its decline in the last thi ... | 2000 | 11971295 |
| a touch of the 'flu. | 2002 | 11970940 | |
| the human cost of the care homes crisis. | 2001 | 11966015 | |
| winter crisis. mild weather militates against flu outbreak. | 2000 | 11965813 | |
| the implications of the human rights act 1998 for the removal and detention of persons in need of care and attention. | the human rights act 1998 ('hra 1998') requires public authorities to act compatibly with the european convention on human rights ('echr'). the echr contains rights, inter alia, to liberty and to respect for private life. those rights--and, therefore, the hra 1998--may be breached by provisions in the national assistance act 1948 and the national assistance (amendment) act 1951 that enable persons in need of care and attention to be removed compulsorily to hospital. however, legal proceedings br ... | 2002 | 11961681 |
| infrared spectroscopy of the mineralogy of coprolites from brean down: evidence of past human activities and animal husbandry. | the mineralogy of 11 concretions from the bronze age settlement horizons at brean down near weston-super-mare, somerset, uk, has been examined by infrared spectroscopy. the concretions are found to contain calcite and apatite and, in some cases, quartz. four further concretions from the later iron age meare village, soil samples from brean down and mineralised samples of known faecal origin from a cesspit within the tudor merchant's house in tenby have been similarly examined. it is found that a ... | 2002 | 11942402 |
| pilot study of 360 degrees assessment of personal skills to inform record of in training assessments for senior house officers. | the assessment of a trainee doctor's human skills, including teamworking, communication and maintaining trust, is difficult but necessary to confirm competence and to alert trainees and trainers of potential problems before they become intractable. this study used 360 degrees team observation reports for this purpose. the process was easy to administer and valued by trainees. | 2002 | 11933823 |
| guidelines in respect of advance directives: the position in england. | the fundamental aim of the advance directive is to provide a means for the patient to continue to exercise autonomy and shape the end of his/her life. the principle is not new. patients who are aware of approaching death have for many years discussed with their health-care team how they wish to be treated. the advance directive registers these views in a more formal way. however, inconsistencies persist in the understanding of the legal issues around advance directives in the uk, and suggest tha ... | 2001 | 11923751 |
| structural biology and biochemistry. retrospective: max perutz (1914-2002). | 2002 | 11923516 | |
| the dental caries experience of 12-year-old children in england and wales. surveys coordinated by the british association for the study of community dentistry in 2000/2001. | this paper reports the results of standardised clinical caries examinations of 106,694 twelve-year-old children from england, wales, the isle of man and jersey. these 2000/01 coordinated surveys are the latest in a series which seek to monitor the dental health of children and to assess the delivery of dental services. | 2002 | 11922413 |
| howard florey, alexander fleming and the fairy tale of penicillin. | the public myth of the discovery of penicillin is an archetypal "quest story" of the type common to every human culture. but the real story of the discovery, testing and refinement of penicillin is a complex tale of accident, serendipity, oversight, conflict, the pressure of war, idiosyncratic personalities and even--the invention of history. | 2002 | 11913920 |
| the workshop as an effective method of dissemination: the importance of the needs of the individual. | the workshop is one of a number of strategies that can be used to disseminate information. this study set out to evaluate the effectiveness of the workshop as a method of disseminating information which had as its aim the introduction of new practices. a series of workshops, attended by g and h grade nurses, were carried out in a large teaching hospital in england. the information which was disseminated concerned recruitment and retention activities for nurses which had been proposed in recent g ... | 2002 | 11906600 |
| a stepwise multivariate analysis of factors that contribute to stress for mental health nurses working in the community. | the aim of the study was to examine the variety, frequency and severity of stressors experienced by community mental health nurses (cmhns) in wales. | 2001 | 11903710 |
| world war i may have allowed the emergence of "spanish" influenza. | the 1918 influenza pandemic caused 40 million deaths, and so dwarfed in mortality and morbidity the preceding pandemic of 1889 and the 1957 and 1968 pandemics. in retrospect, much can be learnt about the source, the possible subterranean spread of virus, and the genetic basis of virulence. the world health organization has urged every nation to prepare a pandemic plan for the first global outbreak of the 21st century. we present an appraisal of epidemiological and mortality evidence of early out ... | 2002 | 11901642 |
| james blundell: the first transfusion of human blood. | 2002 | 11886727 | |
| a study of the criteria used by healthcare professionals, managers and patients to represent and evaluate quality care. | to explore the perceptions of and criteria used by healthcare professionals, managers, patients and relatives to represent and evaluate their concept of quality care. | 2001 | 11879448 |
| the age pattern of mortality in the 1918-19 influenza pandemic: an attempted explanation based on data for england and wales. | 2002 | 11877981 | |
| obstacles to influenza immunization in primary care. | general practices undertake annual immunization campaigns to protect susceptible patients against influenza. many practices, however, do not adopt effective approaches and there is great variation in the immunization rates achieved. this study aimed to assess the attitudes of primary care staff to the annual immunization programme, the obstacles they face, and possible reasons for the wide variation in immunization rates. | 2001 | 11873897 |
| changes in age related seroprevalence of antibody to varicella zoster virus: impact on vaccine strategy. | to study changes in the seroprevalence of varicella zoster virus (vzv) antibody over the past 25 years with a view to determining the target age group for any future vaccination strategy. | 2002 | 11865016 |
| report of the review into the research framework in north staffordshire. | this review began because of complaints about the conduct of research studies in the paediatric department of the north staffordshire hospital in stroke-on-trent. as it progressed other issues were also examined such as diagnosing munchausen's syndrome by proxy by the use of covert video surveillance. the following extracts concentrate on research issues, and include the whole of the framework for research governance outlined in the report. | 2000 | 11842854 |
| evidence to the independent inquiry into clinical trials in north staffordshire. | 2000 | 11842853 | |
| an initial exploration of community mental health nurses' attitudes to and experience of sexuality-related issues in their work with people experiencing mental health problems. | human sexuality is a complex dynamic concept that escapes simple definition. within nursing there seems to be a preference for broad holistic definitions that emphasize sexuality as an aspect of the unique human character. whilst the nursing literature mostly portrays sexuality as wholesome and good, it also notes that sexuality can be a vehicle for the expression of power, hostility or hatred. in this study, the authors did not prescribe or limit the definition of 'sexuality'. rather the term ' ... | 2001 | 11842476 |
| sir victor horsley (1857-1916): pioneer of neurological surgery. | immortalized in surgical history for the introduction of "antiseptic wax," sir victor horsley played a pivotal role in shaping the face of standard neurosurgical practice. his contributions include the first laminectomy for spinal neoplasm, the first carotid ligation for cerebral aneurysm, the curved skin flap, the transcranial approach to the pituitary gland, intradural division of the trigeminal nerve root for trigeminal neuralgia, and surface marking of the cerebral cortex. a tireless scienti ... | 2002 | 11841730 |
| association between two tumour necrosis factor intronic polymorphisms and hla alleles. | the gene for tumour necrosis factor (tnf) lies at the telomeric end of the class iii region of the major histocompatibility complex (mhc). polymorphisms within this gene have been implicated in the genetic background of a large number of common human diseases. recently two polymorphisms, tnf +489 and +691, have been described in the first intron of tnf (+489, g to a transition; +691, g deletion) and disease associations have been reported; however, the pattern of linkage disequilibrium with othe ... | 2002 | 11841486 |
| hiv/aids and legal issues in england and wales. | in england and wales, the only hiv specialist legal advice service is currently observing "a return of many of the problems that were encountered in the 1980s but which we thought had been resolved." ignorance about hiv and about how hiv is (and is not) transmitted continues, while the many benefits from new treatments have been accompanied by complacency, misunderstanding, and new forms of discrimination. this article, by members of the advice centre of the terrence higgins trust, which include ... | 2000 | 11833210 |
| bristol interim report. | 2001 | 11831263 | |
| old age psychiatry and the law. | old age psychiatry is no less subject to increasing legal and quasilegal restraint than other branches of the profession, but the emphases are different. two themes predominate: first, that of capacity or competence; and second, to what extent formal legal measures should be implemented in cases where incapacitated patients do not dissent from, as opposed to giving active consent to, admission to hospital or receiving treatment. | 2002 | 11823319 |
| immunohistologic evidence of myocardial disease in apparently healthy relatives of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. | this study investigated whether apparently healthy relatives of patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (dcm) who have left ventricular enlargement (lve) have biopsy evidence of underlying myocardial disease. | 2002 | 11823084 |
| medical decision making and the human rights act 1998. | at present in the uk, when there is conflict of opinion between relatives and health care professionals regarding the treatment of incompetent patients, the courts generally support the latter over the former. this article examines the potential impact of the human rights act 1998, which incorporates the european convention on human rights into uk law, on this position. the possibility of challenges by relatives to disputed decisions on the grounds of articles 2,3,8 and 14 is examined in the lig ... | 2001 | 11817380 |
| playing god: mary must die so jodie may live longer. | in 2000, conjoined twins were born in england. what made this case unique was the fact that if the twins remained unseparated, medical opinion held they would die; if they were separated one twin would live, and one twin would die; the parents refused to consent to separation; and the hospital charged with their care brought the matter to court. the trial court and court of appeal approved of the surgery, which was promptly performed, resulting in the immediate death of the weaker twin. the auth ... | 2001 | 11816934 |
| a major marker for normal tension glaucoma: association with polymorphisms in the opa1 gene. | normal tension glaucoma (ntg) is a major form of glaucoma, associated with intraocular pressures that are within the statistically normal range of the population. opa1, the gene responsible for autosomal dominant optic atrophy represents an excellent candidate gene for ntg, as the clinical phenotypes are similar and opa1 is expressed in the retina and optic nerve. eighty-three well-characterized ntg patients were screened for mutations in opa1 by heteroduplex analysis and bi-directional sequenci ... | 2002 | 11810296 |
| psychotic illness in people with prader willi syndrome due to chromosome 15 maternal uniparental disomy. | in a population-based study of prader willi syndrome (pws), we investigated the relation between genetic subtypes of the syndrome and psychiatric morbidity. of 25 patients aged 18 years or older, seven (28%) had severe affective disorder with psychotic features, with a mean age of onset of 26 years (sd 5.9). the seven people affected, all aged 28 years or older, included all five with disomies of chromosome 15, one with a deletion in this chromosome, and one with an imprinting centre mutation in ... | 2002 | 11809260 |
| dermatopathology in historical perspective: the man behind the eponym: horatio george adamson and adamson's fringe. | 2001 | 11801785 | |
| just coercion? detention of nonadherent tuberculosis patients. | the need to balance the rights of individuals and to protect the public health will bring with it demands for the restriction of individuals' liberty. three points should always be considered when these measures are adopted: (1) the lack of evidence that detention benefits the public health; (2) the risk that fundamental human rights may be overridden unnecessarily; and (3) that coercive practices may act as a smokescreen for improved, but more complex or more costly, public health responses to ... | 2001 | 11795415 |
| adaptations of linkage and association methods for the study of asthma, a complex trait. | early studies that found significant linkage between markers on 5q and asthma and ige have not been reproduced. in an attempt to improve the power of these studies we performed a variance components linkage analysis and transmission-disequilibrium tests (tdt) with haplotypes using markers on 5q, using the southampton and perth data sets supplied by gaw. the linkage analysis with covariates revealed a maximum lod of 1.57 in the perth families. the addition of age and rast significantly improved t ... | 2001 | 11793792 |
| a comparison of software packages that assess linkage using a variance components approach. | we report single-point and multipoint results from three statistical genetics software packages using a variance components approach for quantitative traits. when possible, we have shown the effects of covariates. results from genehunter, solar, and act software packages are compared for the quantitative trait immunoglobulin e (ige) using chromosome 5 asthma familial data from oxfordshire (england), perth (australia), and freiburg (germany), and using the genome-wide german data. although few di ... | 2001 | 11793783 |
| a genomewide scan identifies two novel loci involved in specific language impairment. | approximately 4% of english-speaking children are affected by specific language impairment (sli), a disorder in the development of language skills despite adequate opportunity and normal intelligence. several studies have indicated the importance of genetic factors in sli; a positive family history confers an increased risk of development, and concordance in monozygotic twins consistently exceeds that in dizygotic twins. however, like many behavioral traits, sli is assumed to be genetically comp ... | 2002 | 11791209 |
| excess winter mortality: influenza or cold stress? observational study. | 2002 | 11786453 | |
| clinical effectiveness and cost effectiveness of zanamivir (relenza): translating the evidence into clinical practice, a national institute for clinical excellence view. | the uk national institute for clinical excellence (nice) is charged with the duty of providing informed guidance on clinical practice (clinical effectiveness and cost effectiveness) to patients and health professionals. the appraisal committee through its process of review of evidence advises nice on the clinical effectiveness and cost effectiveness of new and existing technologies and their appropriate use within the national health service in england and wales. the appraisal process takes into ... | 2001 | 11779390 |
| a genomewide linkage screen for relative hand skill in sibling pairs. | genomewide quantitative-trait locus (qtl) linkage analysis was performed using a continuous measure of relative hand skill (pegq) in a sample of 195 reading-disabled sibling pairs from the united kingdom. this was the first genomewide screen for any measure related to handedness. the mean pegq in the sample was equivalent to that of normative data, and pegq was not correlated with tests of reading ability (correlations between minus sign0.13 and 0.05). relative hand skill could therefore be cons ... | 2002 | 11774074 |
| ludwig guttmann: emerging concept of rehabilitation after spinal cord injury. | ludwig guttmann was a pioneer of the idea of rehabilitation for victims of spinal cord injury. he looked beyond the physical survival of his patients, to their re-integration into a social life worth living. while the international stoke mandeville games are fairly well known to the general public as a gathering for physically handicapped athletes, less is known about the man who helped start the movement. on the occasion of the recent sydney 2000 paralympics, this paper reviews the contribution ... | 2001 | 11770196 |
| current smoking, occupation, n-acetyltransferase-2 and bladder cancer: a pooled analysis of genotype-based studies. | the aim of this study was to investigate the association of nat2 gene polymorphism with bladder cancer using the data derived from the international project on genetic susceptibility to environmental carcinogens. four case control studies conducted in four european countries, plus two case series, one from england and one from germany, for a total of 1530 cases and 731 controls (all caucasian) were included. the interaction between nat2 and bladder cancer considering smoking habits and occupatio ... | 2001 | 11751441 |
| on call. as a physician, i find harvard men's health watch very helpful for my patients and as a 63-year-old man, i find it interesting and helpful for myself. but i'm puzzled by your november 2001 article, which recommends two drinks a day as the safe maximum. i remember reading an editorial in the lancet a few years ago that recommended up to 25 drinks a week, or three a day. which dose of alcohol is correct? | 2001 | 11751096 | |
| runner-up in the young physician's section of the gowers' prize 2000. epilepsy and the physical basis of consciousness. | the issue of human consciousness, in both its popular and neuroscientific sense, is considered from a clinical perspective. the ictal semiologies of the various epilepsies, together with associated clinical features, are demonstrated to highlight certain neuroanatomical and neurophysiological facets of consciousness. it is suggested that further insights into consciousness, even those bordering on the philosophical, may be led by clinical neurological phenomena and emerging neuroinvestigative te ... | 2001 | 11749104 |
| contact with farming environment as a major risk factor for shiga toxin (vero cytotoxin)-producing escherichia coli o157 infection in humans. | in a prospective, unmatched case-control study of sporadic shiga toxin (vero cytotoxin)-producing escherichia coli o157 (stec o157) infection in england, exposure to the farming environment emerged strongly as a risk factor (adjusted odds ratio = 2.45; 95% confidence intervals = 1.49-4.02; p=0.0004) posing further challenges and opportunities for prevention. | 2001 | 11747741 |
| beta-secretase cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein mediates neuronal apoptosis caused by familial alzheimer's disease mutations. | the amyloid precursor protein (app) is cleaved by two enzymes, beta-secretase and gamma-secretase, to generate the pathological amyloid beta (abeta) peptide. expression of familial alzheimer's disease (fad) mutants of app in primary neurons causes both intracellular accumulation of the c-terminal beta-secretase cleavage product of app and increased secretion of abeta, and eventually results in apoptotic death of the cells. to determine whether either of these two processing products of app is in ... | 2001 | 11744168 |
| independent genome-wide scans identify a chromosome 18 quantitative-trait locus influencing dyslexia. | developmental dyslexia is defined as a specific and significant impairment in reading ability that cannot be explained by deficits in intelligence, learning opportunity, motivation or sensory acuity. it is one of the most frequently diagnosed disorders in childhood, representing a major educational and social problem. it is well established that dyslexia is a significantly heritable trait with a neurobiological basis. the etiological mechanisms remain elusive, however, despite being the focus of ... | 2002 | 11743577 |
| characterization of paub, a novel broad-spectrum plasminogen activator from streptococcus uberis. | a bovine plasminogen activator of atypical molecular mass ( approximately 45 kda) from streptococcus uberis strain sk880 had been identified previously (l. b. johnsen, k. poulsen, m. kilian, and t. e. petersen. infect. immun. 67:1072-1078, 1999). the strain was isolated from a clinical case of bovine mastitis. the isolate was found not to secrete paua, a bovine plasminogen activator expressed by the majority of s. uberis strains. analysis of the locus normally occupied by paua revealed an absenc ... | 2002 | 11741851 |
| the effect of antiretroviral therapy on the prevalence of oral manifestations in hiv-infected patients: a uk study. | the purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of oral manifestations in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients on monotherapy, dual therapy, or triple therapy with the prevalence of those not on antiretroviral therapy (art). | 2001 | 11740479 |
| guidelines for the control of hepatitis a virus infection. | the phls advisory committee on vaccination and immunisation, following a review of the evidence on control measures for preventing hepatitis a virus (hav) infection and widespread consultation, has prepared the following guidelines. they include a description of the current epidemiology of hav infection in england and wales, where most individuals are now susceptible to hav. hav infection is uncommon, with around 1000 infections notified per year in england and wales. clusters occur in families ... | 2001 | 11732363 |
| campylobacter reporting at its peak year of 1998: don't count your chickens yet. | infections due to campylobacter spp. are the most commonly reported bacterial cause of human gastrointestinal illness, and reports of campylobacteriosis in the uk and other temperate countries have been increasing. an all-time peak of 58,059 cases of campylobacter infectious intestinal disease (iid) were reported to the communicable disease surveillance centre in 1998. an analysis of the age, gender and seasonal and geographical distribution of cases reported in 1998 is presented here, together ... | 2001 | 11732359 |
| use of hygiene advice and active immunisation to control an outbreak of hepatitis a. | a community outbreak of at least 16 cases of hepatitis a is described. salivary antibody testing of 126 children within a school in that community showed only one case of undiagnosed previous infection. three other children had received hepatitis a vaccine previously, and this was reflected in their antibody titres. for the schools serving the community control measures included advice on good hygiene (supervised handwashing and additional cleaning in the schools). all close contacts of cases (h ... | 2001 | 11732353 |
| a national register for surveillance of inherited disorders: beta thalassaemia in the united kingdom. | to demonstrate the value of a national register for surveillance of services for an inherited disorder. | 2001 | 11731807 |
| human population dynamics. | time-series analysis of parish register series can be used to study human population dynamics at three different levels: (i) the metapopulation of preindustrial rural england. a short wavelength, exogenous oscillation in the burials series of 404 parishes can be detected which, it is suggested, was driven by a cycle of malnutrition associated with wheat prices. (ii) individual populations, where long-term endogenous oscillations in baptisms and burials of wavelength 30-32 years or 43-44 years ca ... | 2001 | 11726037 |
| the ethics of vaccine usage in society: lessons from the past. | since the dawn of history, human beings have witnessed the appearance of epidemic or epizootic diseases. the suddenness and the prevalence of these plagues were generally considered to be connected with occult influences of the stars or planets upon human affairs, climatic changes or religious reasons. slowly, the principle of the origins of contagious diseases has become better understood and the role of transmissible influences such as parasites, bacteria and viruses has been accepted. a landm ... | 2001 | 11725304 |
| henry bence jones--physician, chemist, scientist and biographer: a man for all seasons. | 2001 | 11722404 | |
| side effects of influenza vaccination in healthy older people: a randomised single-blind placebo-controlled trial. | to investigate the frequency of side effects following influenza vaccination in healthy participants aged 65-74 years. | 2001 | 11721144 |
| post-exposure prophylaxis for human immunodeficiency virus: knowledge and experience of junior doctors. | to assess the level of knowledge and experience of post-exposure prophylaxis (pep) against human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) among junior doctors. | 2001 | 11714945 |
| fine particle (pm2.5) personal exposure levels in transport microenvironments, london, uk. | in order to investigate a specific area of short-term, non-occupational, human exposure to fine particulate air pollution, measurements of personal exposure to pm2.5 in transport microenvironments were taken in two separate field studies in central london, uk. a high flow gravimetric personal sampling system was used; operating at 16 l min(-1); the sampler thus allowed for sufficient sample mass collection for accurate gravimetric analysis of short-term travel exposure levels over typical single ... | 2001 | 11712603 |
| sporadic--but not variant--creutzfeldt-jakob disease is associated with polymorphisms upstream of prnp exon 1. | human prion diseases have inherited, sporadic, and acquired etiologies. the appearance of the novel acquired prion disease, variant creutzfeldt-jakob disease (vcjd), and the demonstration that it is caused by the same prion strain as that causing bovine spongiform encephalopathy, has led to fears of a major human epidemic. the etiology of classical (sporadic) cjd, which has a worldwide incidence, remains obscure. a common human prion-protein-gene (prnp) polymorphism (encoding either methionine o ... | 2001 | 11704923 |
| macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha and c-c chemokine receptor-1 in allergen-induced skin late-phase reactions: relationship to macrophages, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils and t lymphocytes. | macrophage inflammatory protein (mip)-1alpha binds to c-c chemokine receptor (ccr)-1 with high affinity. ccr-1 is expressed on neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, t lymphocytes and basophils; cells characteristic of atopic allergic inflammation. in vitro, mip-1alpha is chemotactic for monocytes, t cells and basophils and is also a potent histamine-releasing factor for basophils and mast cells. although increased levels of mip-1alpha were shown in atopic allergic disorders, the kinetics of expre ... | 2001 | 11696048 |
| bovine spongiform encephalopathy and variant creutzfeldt-jakob disease: a risk analysis. | there is doubt that variant creutzfeldt-jakob disease (vcjd) resulted from bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) transmission from cattle to human. what is uncertain is the total number of vcjd cases (currently about 80). in this review i covered recent data on the vcjd and bse epidemic, the mode of bse spreading to humans and, finally, the data on the prnp analogue--the doppel gene (prnd). | 2000 | 11693716 |
| 'informed consent' to medical procedures. | 1975 | 11693128 | |
| research information in nurses' clinical decision-making: what is useful? | to examine those sources of information which nurses find useful for reducing the uncertainty associated with their clinical decisions. | 2001 | 11686752 |
| absence of a genetic association between il-1rn and il-1b gene polymorphisms in ulcerative colitis and crohn disease in multiple populations from northeast england. | inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) is a chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract of unknown aetiology, phenotypically categorized into ulcerative colitis (uc) and crohn disease (cd). genetic factors are of considerable importance in both. the genetic relationship between ibd and the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and interleukin-1beta genes (il-1rn, and il-1b, respectively) has been extensively studied. however, the quality and outcome of the genetic association studies, in particular ... | 2001 | 11686217 |
| annual report of council: appendix v, report of panel on human artificial insemination. british medical association. panel on human artificial insemination. | 1973 | 11680484 | |
| adverse metabolic and cardiovascular risk following treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in childhood; two case reports and a literature review. | we report two patients who survived childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (all) following treatment with chemotherapy, total body irradiation (tbi) and bone marrow transplantation (bmt). the first case presented with an acute cerebral infarction at 23 years of age and was found to have non-ketotic diabetes and gross mixed hyperlipidaemia; the second presented with non-ketotic diabetes, hypertension, proteinuria and dyslipidaemia at age 16 years. the association of glucose intolerance with othe ... | 2001 | 11678978 |
| sentinel practice-based survey of the management and health of horses in northern britain. | details of the management, feeding, level of activity and routine health care of horses in scotland and the five northernmost counties in england were recorded through a stratified random sample of horse owners who had responded to a previous survey. sixty-eight per cent of the horses were kept where their owners resided, and 32 per cent were kept away from the owner's home. more than 99 per cent were turned out to grazing for at least part of the year and 81 per cent were stabled for at least p ... | 2001 | 11678214 |
| causality assessment of adverse effects: when is re-challenge ethically acceptable? | one of the most difficult tasks in the evaluation of a medicine is whether it causes a particular rare and unusual (idiosyncratic) adverse effect. such causality assessments are sometimes done by drug de-challenge and re-challenge. when the adverse effect is potentially serious, there is clearly an important decision to be made as to whether the re-challenge is justifiable and hence ethical. the recent controversy about the potential cardiotoxicity of fexofenadine, the fatalities associated with ... | 2001 | 11665867 |
| consent to medical procedures on minors. | 1973 | 11664298 | |
| experimentation on humans and gifts of tissue: articles 20-23 of the civil code. | 1973 | 11664267 |