Publications

performance appraisal: one company's experience.	in many corporations the installation of a performance appraisal program is a necessary step to opening the door to other key human resource development activities. implementing a performance appraisal program that works and convincing managers to use the program are essential if other human resource development programs are to succeed. this article describes the characteristics of the performance appraisal process used at glendale federal savings and loan association, glendale, california, and ...	1981	10251600
human experimentation: use of prisoners in biomedical and behavioural research.		1979	10243495
medical facility design for human patient flow.		1979	10243311
save space, save money.		1978	10239298
the university of california v. bakke: questions for the court.		1978	10238568
the university of california v. bakke: landmark or curiosity?		1978	10238567
california is first state to require full consent in medical experiments.		1978	10237672
the california natural death act.		1977	10236526
the right to die controversy: physicians, not the courts, should resolve the issue.		1977	10235723
reference intervals and physiologic alterations in hematologic and biochemical values of free-ranging desert tortoises in the mojave desert.	desert tortoise (gopherus agassizii) populations have experienced precipitous declines resulting from the cumulative impact of habitat loss, and human and disease-related mortality. evaluation of hematologic and biochemical responses of desert tortoises to physiologic and environmental factors can facilitate the assessment of stress and disease in tortoises and contribute to management decisions and population recovery. the goal of this study was to obtain and analyze clinical laboratory data fr ...	1999	10231748
an analysis of optimal resource allocation for prevention of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in injection drug users and non-users.	millions of dollars are spent annually to prevent infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) without a thorough understanding of the most effective way to allocate these resources. the authors' objective was to determine the allocation of new resources among prevention programs targeted to a population of injection drug users (idus) and a population of non-injection drug users (non-idus) that would minimize the total number of incident cases of hiv infection over a given time horizon. the ...	1999	10231079
the mt. tyndall incident.	the authors describe the 53-hour rescue of a 6-foot, 1-inch tall, 250-pound hiker in the face of harsh environmental conditions in sequoia national park. this 43-year-old man fell 25 feet, injured his leg, and was noted to be hypothermic and hypovolemic. weather, altitude, and the patient's size delayed and complicated his evacuation. after being carried down 1,500 vertical feet, he was hoisted into a hovering helicopter and flown to university medical center in fresno, california. on arrival, t ...	1999	10225652
ucsf partnership to enrich science teaching for sixth graders in san francisco's schools.	increasing the diversity of students entering the health professions is a challenging goal for medical schools. one approach to this goal is to share the enthusiasm and energy of medical students with younger students, who may pursue medical education in the future. the medteach program, established in 1989 and coordinated by the science & health education partnership of the university of california, san francisco (ucsf), does so by partnering volunteer medical students from ucsf with sixth-grad ...	1999	10219201
prevalence and correlates of hepatitis c virus infection among inmates entering the california correctional system.	to estimate the prevalence and predictors of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection among inmates, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in 1994 among inmates entering six reception centers of the california department of corrections. discarded serum samples were tested for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), hcv, hepatitis b core, and hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag). of 4,513 inmates in this study, 87.0% were men and 13.0% were women. among male inmates, 39.4% were anti-hcv-positi ...	1999	10214102
update: influenza activity--united states, 1998-99 season.	this report summarizes influenza activity in the united states from october 4, 1998, through february 27, 1999. it also presents results of an investigation of an influenza outbreak among staff and residents at one long-term-care facility (ltcf), and estimates the 1998-99 influenza vaccine effectiveness against the circulating influenza a(h3n2) viruses at that facility. based on influenza surveillance data, influenza activity in the united states began to increase in mid-january 1999 and remaine ...	1999	10208121
from the centers for disease control and prevention. update: influenza activity--united states, 1998-99 season.		1999	10199414
jc virus type 2b is found more frequently in brain tissue of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy patients than in urine from controls.	previous studies have shown that strains of human polyomavirus jc (jcv) of asian origin (type 2) are much more highly represented in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (pml) brain than would be expected from their frequency of excretion in urine samples of a comparable control group. the present studies were designed to test whether one subtype of type 2 was preferentially elevated.	1998	10195243
understaffed in calif. state report urges added er capacity for flu season.		1998	10187325
robots help with high-tech surgery.		1998	10186375
the hanlester appeal: the latest decision regarding physician self-referral joint ventures.		1995	10184421
departmental appeals board issues final decision in hanlester network case.		1992	10183756
hanlester laboratories decision gives dangerously broad interpretation of federal anti-kickback statute.		1992	10183678
living tissue and organ donors and property law: more on moore.		1992	10183665
inspector general v. hanlester network: a new fraud and abuse standard?		1991	10183523
innovative rehabilitation techniques create success.		1998	10181600
experience with a managed care approach to hiv infection: effectiveness of an interdisciplinary team.	to evaluate the function and effectiveness of a multidisciplinary team for managing human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, we conducted a follow-up cohort study of hiv-positive patients managed according to a clinical care path at a staff-based health maintenance organization (hmo). the study group consisted of 230 hiv-positive health plan members who received care at the kaiser permanente santa rosa medical center (kpmc-sro). in 1994, the comparison group consisted of 4747 hiv-positive h ...	1998	10179919
service integration: something old and something new.	the authors trace the definition and challenges of "service integration," variously known over time as "collaboration," "coordination," "human services integration," and "one-stop shopping." while the common use of service integration terminology currently may seem to indicate a consensus in favor of a broad systemic reform, motivations and expectations for service integration differ significantly among different players in the service system. the authors conclude that service integration cannot ...	1997	10176511
assessing a family-centered neighborhood service agency: the del paso heights model.	the author describes the del paso model, a neighborhood-based integrated services effort underway in sacramento county, california. del paso heights is a community made up of african american, asian, and white families on the northern side of the city of sacramento. the county of sacramento selected del paso heights as a location to pilot a new family-centered holistic way to serve families under county human services programs in a neighborhood services agency. the del paso heights model demonst ...	1997	10176506
launching a family-centered, neighborhood-based human services system: lessons from working the hallways and street corners.	the author describes contra costa county's efforts to implement healthy families 2000, the county's vision of neighborhood-based, family-centered, comprehensive integrated services in two of the county's unincorporated areas, north richmond and bay point. contra costa county is one of six bay area counties, northeast of san francisco. it has nearly 800,000 residents and is home to some of the wealthiest communities in the state as well as some of the poorest neighborhoods. this article provides ...	1997	10176505
is telemedicine reimbursement a real barrier or a convenient straw man?		1997	10176389
use of a modified nominal group process for improving laboratory performance in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 antibody testing. reaching consensus on three questions concerning hiv-1 testing.	using expert panels of medical technologists and public health microbiologists, a modified nominal group process was used to reach a consensus on three questions concerning current human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) testing methods. the questions related to important sources of error, improving the testing process, and improving proficiency testing. the modified nominal group process proved to be effective in developing lists of errors in laboratory testing; it provided a fast, economic ...	1992	10171690
the human side of change. managing employee morale and expectations.		1997	10169059
hiv risk among low-income african american mothers of elementary school children.	data from 119 african american low-income mothers of school aged children in oakland, california show that 38% engaged in behavior that might place them at risk of exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). risk behaviors that were investigated included having multiple partners and having a partner with an incarceration history. of women studied, 23% were at risk because of multiple partners, while 15% were at risk as a result of having had an incarcerated partner. women who were < or = ...	1997	10166785
rising swell of telemedicine legislation.		1996	10165152
the ethical man.	sorting out the painful dilemmas of medicine is an everyday duty for stanford medical school's biomedical ethicist ernle young.	1992	10160842
human resource departments and hospital labor strategies.	recently hospitals have increased their use of external labor sources, contracting many traditional functions such as pharmacy and emergency to outside labor providers. use of external labor sources often means that traditional human resource functions such as screening, hiring, and training are performed by the external labor provider, potentially reducing the value of the hr function. using financial and staffing data gathered by the california statewide health planning and development office ...	1996	10154623
physician experience with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 or hepatitis b virus testing in san diego county: methods for a census survey.		1993	10148588
analytic results of hiv-1 testing using blind proficiency testing.	the use of blind proficiency testing (pt) to examine analytic performance of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) antibody testing. a total of 32 hospital, blood bank, public health, and commercial laboratories were included in this study. test sera were introduced as clinical specimens for hiv-1 testing from private practitioners, group practices, clinics, and hospitals in southern california. a total of 26 laboratories were located throughout california, with six laboratories located ...	1992	10147724
edi for the human resource department.		1993	10145845
providers laud, hhs fights latest hanlester case ruling over definition of kickbacks.		1995	10141656
after the shaking stops. catholic healthcare workers should prepare for seismic changes.	in an attempt to cap spiraling costs and remain competitive, both providers and insurers are going through a frenzy of consolidation. experts are predicting these changes: the integrated delivery system (ids) will be the prevailing type of healthcare organization. there will be fewer acute care beds and fewer hospitals. hospitals will be subsidiary to idss. catholic and non-catholic providers will join together to form idss. regional idss will join statewide networks. the catholic healthcare min ...	1995	10139335
leadership in diversity.	as principal change agents, healthcare leaders are well positioned to integrate diversity into their institutions' organizational structure. thus healthcare leaders must be competent in handling diversity issues. diversity refers to any characteristic that helps shape a person's attitudes, behaviors, perspective, and interpretation of what is "normal." in the healthcare ministry, diversity encompasses the cultural differences that can be found across functions or among organizations when they me ...	1994	10138586
madness in fine print.		1994	10137484
consent and experiments with the dying.		1994	10136998
human resources executives help employees balance professional and family needs.		1992	10135818
gainsharing programs demand planning, patience, and commitment.	this is the first of a two-part series on gainsharing programs. this article examines the recommendations of two consultants and one senior human resources executive. the second article, which will appear in the march issue, will present case examples of gainsharing programs from sutter health, sacramento, california, and waukeshaw memorial hospital, waukeshaw, wisconsin.	1992	10135796
canine visits booster patient morale.		1993	10126086
avoiding potential pitfalls in mergers and acquisitions.	the single most important factor in determining the success of mergers and acquisitions, write joy glanstein, ph.d., and mary sallis, is the human equation and in particular benefit plans--the focus of this article.	1992	10119005
hhs inspector general, three hospitals settle charges.		1992	10115920
judge's ruling a good signal for calif. nursing homes.		1991	10115296
"hanlester laboratories": hhs joint venture standards remain unclear.		1991	10114943
costly errors: an encounter with the federal inspectors.		1991	10109867
strategies for managing the merger. helping the staff adjust.	a strong reason why many mergers fail is the corporation's neglect of the human side of the venture; the resulting high turnover of personnel naturally takes its toll on the young conglomerate. while keeping everyone satisfied is obviously not easy (or even possible), there are concrete strategies for leading your staff through the transition.	1990	10107971
sources of human exposure: overview of water supplies as sources of boron.	boron (b) is widely distributed in surface and groundwaters predominantly as undissociated boric acid, and is found in ocean waters at a mean level of approx 4.6 mg b/l. a recent analysis of us surface waters indicated that the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentile b levels were 0.010, 0.076, and 0.387 mg b/l, respectively. the same study found that the 50th and 90th percentile b levels in california drinking waters were 0.10 and 0.40 mg b/l, respectively. the overall mean b concentration in canadian ...	1998	10050911
major histocompatibility complex differentiation in sacramento river chinook salmon.	the chinook salmon of the sacramento river, california, have been reduced to a fraction of their former abundance because of human impact and use of the river system. here we examine the genetic variation at a major histocompatibility complex class ii exon in the four sacramento chinook salmon runs. examination of the alleles found in these and other chinook salmon revealed nucleotide patterns consistent with selection for amino acid replacement at the putative antigen-binding sites. we found a ...	1999	10049927
la crosse and other forms of california encephalitis.	the california serogroup viruses are mosquito viruses that cause human infections on five continents. they are maintained and amplified in nature by a wide variety of mosquito vectors and mammalian hosts; they thrive in a remarkably wide variety of microclimates (eg, tropical, coastal temperate marshland, lowland river valleys, alpine valleys and highlands, high boreal deserts, and arctic steppes). in 1993, california serogroup viruses caused 71% of all cases of arboviral illness in the united s ...	1999	10025535
detection of the agents of human ehrlichioses in ixodid ticks from california.	a study was conducted in northern california to estimate the prevalence and distribution in ixodid ticks of the rickettsial agents of human monocytic (hme) and human granulocytic (hge) ehrlichioses. more than 650 ixodid ticks were collected from 17 sites in six california counties over a 15-month period. ehrlichia chaffeensis, the causative agent of hme, was detected by a nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in ixodes pacificus (minimum infection rate [mir] = 13.3%) and dermacentor variabilis ...	1999	9988324
occupational exposures to body fluids among medical students. a seven-year longitudinal study.	medical students may be at high risk for occupational exposures to blood.	1999	9890850
is there really a heterosexual aids epidemic in the united states? findings from a multisite validation study, 1992-1995. mode of transmission validation study group.	the objective of this study was to verify the mode of exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) among cases who obtained acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) through heterosexual contact and to determine the proportion of cases initially reported with no risk but whose exposure may have been heterosexual. adults aged > or = 13 years with aids, diagnosed from 1992 through 1995 with heterosexual risk or no risk at six us study sites (alabama, california, florida, new jersey, new york ...	1999	9883796
detection of bordetella pertussis and respiratory synctial virus in air samples from hospital rooms.	to evaluate the distribution of bordetella pertussis and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in the hospital setting.	1998	9872529
neutropenia is a risk factor for gram-negative bacillus bacteremia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: results of a nested case-control study.	a previous cohort study demonstrated a relation between neutropenia and bacteremia due to gram-negative bacilli among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). to explore further the relation between neutropenia and bacteremia due to escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, or pseudomonas aeruginosa among hiv-infected patients, controlling for confounding factors, the authors conducted a nested case-control study with matching and risk-set sampling of controls. the cohort includ ...	1998	9867263
differences in contributing factors to tuberculosis incidence in u.s. -born and foreign-born persons.	to determine the factors contributing to tuberculosis incidence in the u.s.-born and foreign-born populations in san francisco, california, and to assess the effectiveness of tuberculosis control efforts in these populations, we performed a population-based molecular epidemiologic study using 367 patients with strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis recently introduced into the city. is6110-based and pgrs-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analyses were performed on m. tuberculo ...	1998	9847270
hair-color products and risk for non-hodgkin's lymphoma: a population-based study in the san francisco bay area.	as part of a large, epidemiologic study of non-hodgkin's lymphoma, this study investigated a possible association between use of hair-color products and non-hodgkin's lymphoma.	1998	9842372
the epidemiological features of invasive mycotic infections in the san francisco bay area, 1992-1993: results of population-based laboratory active surveillance.	population-based active laboratory surveillance for invasive mycotic infections was conducted during 1992 and 1993 in three california counties: alameda, contra costa, and san francisco (population, 2.94 million). the cumulative incidence of invasive mycotic infections was 178.3 per million per year. invasive mycoses were most commonly caused by candida (72.8 per million per year), cryptococcus (65.5), coccidioides (15.3), aspergillus (12.4), and histoplasma (7.1). the clinical significance of o ...	1998	9827260
reactivity of human sera to different strains of granulocytic ehrlichiae in immunodiagnostic assays.	sera from 35 patients diagnosed with human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in connecticut were tested by indirect ifa staining methods with 5 strains of ehrlichia equi or the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent to assess the suitability of different strains in laboratory analyses. antigens included horse-derived infected neutrophils (mrk and bds strains) and human isolates cultured in human promyelocytic leukemia cells (nch-1, rch, and webster). of 35 sera, 23 (65.7%) reacted to all 5 strains. serop ...	1998	9815246
ehrlichia spp. in cervids from california.	blood samples from six mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus), 15 black-tailed deer (o. hemionus columbianus), and 29 elk (cervus elaphus nannodes) were assayed for human monocytic and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge) by polymerase chain reaction (pcr), dna sequencing, and serology to determine whether or not cervids are involved in the maintenance of these potential human pathogens in california (usa). the deer were sampled in august to october 1992-95. the 29 tule elk from point reyes n ...	1998	9813842
field evaluation of controlled release pellet formulation of methoprene against chironomid midges in man-made lakes.	the duration of the efficacy of 4% methoprene pellets against emergence of chironomid midges, chironomus stigmaterus say, goeldichironomus amazonicus (fittkau) and tanypus imperialis sublette, in man-made lakes supplied with tertiary effluent water in palm desert, california, was dose dependent. for c. stigmaterus and t. imperialis, the rate of 4.5 kg/ha of the controlled release pellet formulation of 4% methoprene yielded > 90% control for 3 wk and 75% control in the 4th week, the rate of 3.4 k ...	1998	9813830
the prevalence of measles antibody in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in northern california.	the seroprevalence of measles (rubeola) antibody in 619 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected adults was determined by a standard elisa. risk factors for a lack of antibody and presumed susceptibility to measles were examined. whereas overall, 9.8% of patients (60) were found to lack antibody, 17.8% of those born within the united states in 1957 or later were antibody-negative. multivariate analysis showed that absence of measles antibody was significantly associated with younger age (born ...	1998	9806055
a prospective study of the risk of transfusion-acquired viral infections.	the risk of transfusion-transmitted viral infections may be estimated by several methods, but only prospective studies of transfusion recipients can directly measure the incidence, with associated 95% upper confidence bound, of these infections. from 1989 through 1995, 764 recipients of allogeneic or autologous red blood cell transfusions were enrolled; 486 (64%) provided both pretransfusion and 6-month follow-up specimens. both specimens were tested for anti-hbc, anti-hcv, anti-htlv-i and anti- ...	1998	9800288
symptoms in pediatric asthmatics and air pollution: differences in effects by symptom severity, anti-inflammatory medication use and particulate averaging time.	experimental research in humans and animals points to the importance of adverse respiratory effects from short-term particle exposures and to the importance of proinflammatory effects of air pollutants, particularly o(subscript)3. however, particle averaging time has not been subjected to direct scientific evaluation, and there is a lack of epidemiological research examining both this issue and whether modification of air pollutant effects occurs with differences in asthma severity and anti-infl ...	1998	9799192
potency equivalency factors for some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon derivatives.	potency equivalency factors (pefs) for cancer induction relative to benzo[a]pyrene have been derived for 21 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) and pah derivatives based on a data preference scheme. pefs have been derived only for pahs with demonstrated carcinogenicity in bioassays. cancer potency values and inhalation unit risks are presented for four additional carcinogenic pahs based on expedited risk assessments conducted for california's proposition 65. a much larger number of pahs and ...	1998	9784432
childhood absence epilepsy with tonic-clonic seizures and electroencephalogram 3-4-hz spike and multispike-slow wave complexes: linkage to chromosome 8q24.	childhood absence epilepsy (cae), a common form of idiopathic generalized epilepsy, accounts for 5%-15% of childhood epilepsies. to map the chromosomal locus of persisting cae, we studied the clinical and electroencephalographic traits of 78 members of a five-generation family from bombay, india. the model-free affected-pedigree member method was used during initial screening with chromosome 6p, 8q, and 1p microsatellites, and only individuals with absence seizures and/or electroencephalogram 3- ...	1998	9758624
the role of needle exchange programs in hiv prevention.	injecting drug users (idus) are at high risk for infection by human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and other blood-borne pathogens. in the united states, idus account for nearly one-third of the cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), either directly or indirectly (heterosexual and perinatal cases of aids where the source of infection was an idu). idu also account for a substantial proportion of cases of hepatitis b (hbv) and hepatitis c (hcv) virus infections. the primary mode of tran ...	1998	9722812
sex hustling, injection drug use, and non-gay identification by men who have sex with men. associations with high-risk sexual behaviors and condom use.	to explore differences in demographic characteristies, risk practices, and preventive behaviors among subgroups of men who have sex with men (msm), including gay- and non-gay-identified msm, msm who inject drugs, and those engaging in sex hustling.	1998	9713915
health initiatives for youth: a model of youth/adult partnership approach to hiv/aids services.	health initiatives for youth (hify) in san francisco, california, is an innovative organization providing health-related services for and by young people funded in part by the special projects of national significance (spns) program. the hify youth health initiative (yhi) is composed of eight youth staff and aims to bring about individual and systemic change, enhance the quality of life for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive and at-risk young people, and increase the responsiveness and ...	1998	9712255
a model for adolescent-targeted hiv/aids services: conclusions from 10 adolescent-targeted projects funded by the special projects of national significance program of the health resources and services administration.	this article describes a model of service for youth living with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and youth at high risk for hiv, based on the lessons learned from a set of innovative service projects funded by the health resources and services administration special projects of national significance (spns) program. although each project has a unique focus, all collectively seek to enroll youth with hiv into care through new or existing hiv service netw ...	1998	9712250
pesticide tests on humans cause concern.		1998	9707105
association of an x-chromosome dodecamer insertional variant allele with mental retardation.	mental retardation is a prominent feature of many neurodevelopmental syndromes. in an attempt to identify genetic components of these illnesses, we isolated and sequenced a large number of human genomic cosmid inserts containing large trinucleotide repeats. one of these cosmids, cos-4, maps to the x-chromosome and contains the sequence of a 7.3-kb mrna. initial polymorphism analysis across a region of repetitive dna in this gene revealed a rare 12-bp exonic variation (<< 1% in non-iii males) hav ...	1998	9702738
impact of socioeconomic status on survival with aids.	prior studies of the association between socioeconomic status and length of survival among persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) have produced conflicting results. to investigate this issue further, the authors examined data on 18,167 san francisco, california, residents aged 13 years or older who were diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) between january 1, 1985, and december 31, 1995. three validated us census-based measures of socioeconomic status wer ...	1998	9690366
california man imprisoned after fx drinks injure partygoers.		1998	9684566
exposure to toxic air contaminants in environmental tobacco smoke: an assessment for california based on personal monitoring data.	the contribution of environmental tobacco smoke (ets) to the exposure of adult nonsmoking californians was determined for selected toxic air contaminants (tacs). the assessment was based on published measurements of ets emission factors and personal exposures to volatile organic compounds. the human exposure studies were conducted in three california areas--los angeles, pittsburgh/antioch, and woodland--between 1984 and 1990. we derived unexposed and passive population exposure distributions by ...	1998	9679213
the reawakening of national concern about silicosis.	from west texas to west virginia, from california to new york, in industries from oil refining to coal mining and work settings from foundries to shipyards, the united states is experiencing an epidemic of silicosis, a preventable disease. silica sand has been linked to cancer, and the international agency for research on cancer has named silica as a probable human carcinogen. this article analyzes the reawakening of national concern about silicosis and the social, economic, and epidemiologic fa ...	1998	9672567
experimental transmission of ehrlichia equi to horses through naturally infected ticks (ixodes pacificus) from northern california.	we report the experimental transmission of ehrlichia equi from naturally infected ixodes pacificus ticks to horses. three weeks after exposure to ticks, two of three horses developed clinical signs compatible with e. equi infection, while one horse remained asymptomatic. 16s rrna gene pcr of blood leukocyte lysates was positive for all horses at various time points; two horses seroconverted. the 16s rrna gene sequences amplified from tick-exposed horses showed more than 99% homology to correspon ...	1998	9650983
variations in hiv risk behaviors of incarcerated juveniles during a four-year period: 1989-1992.	to retrospectively monitor over several years change in incarcerated juveniles' human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) risk behaviors.	1998	9648021
methods development for epidemiologic investigations of the health effects of prolonged ozone exposure. part ii. an approach to retrospective estimation of lifetime ozone exposure using a questionnaire and ambient monitoring data (california sites).	an extensive body of data supports a relation between acute exposures to ambient ozone and the occurrence of various acute respiratory symptoms and changes in measures of lung function. in contrast, relatively few data are available on the human health effects that result from long-term exposure to ambient ozone, current efforts to study long-term ozone-related health effects are limited by the methods available for ascertaining lifetime exposures to ozone. the present feasibility study was unde ...	1998	9643947
outbreak of vibrio parahaemolyticus infections associated with eating raw oysters--pacific northwest, 1997.	during july-august 1997, the largest reported outbreak in north america of culture-confirmed vibrio parahaemolyticus infections occurred. illness in 209 persons was associated with eating raw oysters harvested from california, oregon, and washington in the united states and from british columbia (bc) in canada; one person died. this report summarizes the investigations of the outbreak, which suggest that elevated water temperatures may have contributed to increased cases of illness and highlight ...	1998	9639367
teenage smoking, attempts to quit, and school performance.	this study examined the relationship between school performance, smoking, and quitting attempts among teenagers.	1998	9618625
depressive symptoms and increased risk of stroke mortality over a 29-year period.	several lines of evidence indicate that depression is importantly associated with cardiovascular disease end points. however, little is known about the role of depression in stroke mortality.	1998	9605786
last chance therapies and managed care. pluralism, fair procedures, and legitimacy.	how can health plans make fair determinations about when "experimental" (and costly) treatments such as high dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation should be covered despite lack of clear clinical consensus about their benefits? different models for managing "last chance" therapies evolving in some health plans offer promising examples of how issues of fairness and legitimacy in decision-making can be addressed.	1998	9589291
a pax3 polymorphism (t315k) in a family exhibiting waardenburg syndrome type 2.	waardenburg syndrome (ws) is an autosomal-dominant disorder phenotypically characterized by sensorineural hearing loss and pigmentary disturbances. presence of dystopia canthorum is indicative of ws type 1 and results from defects in the pax3 gene, whereas normally located medial canthi is characteristic of type 2 ws (ws2) and is associated with defects in the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (mift) gene. here a neutral polymorphism is reported in the pax3 gene (t315k) in a family ...	1998	9584079
risk factors for trichomoniasis among women with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection at a public clinic in los angeles county, california: implications for hiv prevention.	persons with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection who subsequently develop an acute sexually transmitted disease have an increased probability of transmitting hiv. therefore, characterizing such persons can help direct prevention efforts to a group who are likely to be continuing sources of hiv transmission. we assessed the incidence and factors associated with trichomoniasis in a cohort of hiv-infected women receiving care at a public clinic in los angeles county, california from 1992 t ...	1998	9574798
partner influences and gender-related factors associated with noncondom use among young adult african american women.	we examined the partner influences and gender-related correlates of noncondom use among african american women. the prevalence of noncondom use was 45.3%. women whose sexual partners were noncondom users were four times more likely to believe that asking their partner to use a condom implied he was unfaithful, three times as likely to have a partner who resisted using condoms, three times more likely to receive afdc, twice as likely to be sexually nonassertive, three times more likely to believe ...	1998	9574497
geographic and demographic differences in the frequency of human cytomegalovirus gb genotypes 1-4 in immunocompromised patients.	to test the hypothesis that human cytomegalovirus (cmv) gb genotype may differ with geographic origin or patient demographics, cmv dna was amplified for gb typing from immunocompromised patients in italy and africa and compared with previously reported frequencies in california. increased gb2 frequency occurred in italian homosexual aids patients, as compared with both italian heterosexual injection drug users with aids and heterosexual zimbabwe aids patients. occurrence of gb3 in italy was high ...	1998	9566556
dna sequence similarity between california isolates of cryptosporidium parvum.	we evaluated whether nucleic acid amplification with primers specific for cryptosporidium parvum followed by automated dna sequence analysis of the pcr amplicons could differentiate between california isolates of c. parvum obtained from livestock, humans, and feral pigs. almost complete sequence identity existed among the livestock isolates and between the livestock and human isolates. dna sequences from feral pig isolates differed from those from livestock and humans by 1.0 to 1.2%. the referen ...	1998	9546195
high incidence of anal high-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions among hiv-positive and hiv-negative homosexual and bisexual men.	the incidence of anal cancer among homosexual men exceeds that of cervical cancer in women, and hiv-positive homosexual men may be at even higher risk than hiv-negative men. cervical cancer is preceded by high-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions (hsil) and anal hsil may similarly be the precursor to anal cancer. in this study, we describe the incidence of and risk factors for hsil in hiv-positive and hiv-negative homosexual and bisexual men.	1998	9543448
identification and characterization of nucleotide sequence differences in three virulence-associated genes of listeria monocytogenes strains representing clinically important serotypes.	listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive, facultative intracellular bacterium that causes invasive, often fatal, disease in susceptible hosts. as a foodborne pathogen, the bacterium has emerged as a significant public health problem and has caused several epidemics in the united states and europe. three serotypes (1/2a, 1/2b, 4b) of l. monocytogenes are responsible for nearly 95% of all reported cases of human listeriosis. l. monocytogenes serotype 4b has caused all well-characterized foodborne ...	1998	9541569
knowledge and attitudes among california dental care providers regarding child abuse and neglect.	the authors surveyed california dentists about their knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding child abuse and neglect. only 16 percent of the respondents claimed to have seen or suspected a case of child abuse or neglect during the preceding five years, and only 6 percent claimed to have reported such a case. the authors also found that the respondents had little knowledge of california law regarding the reporting of such cases and little information or training in diagnosing and reporting s ...	1998	9529809
risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus infection and unprotected anal intercourse among young men who have sex with men.	few studies concerning human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and its risk behaviors have been conducted among young men who have sex with men (ymsm). these are important because ymsm will have profound influence on the hiv/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic.	1998	9518378
wound botulism associated with black tar heroin among injecting drug users.	wound botulism (wb) is a potentially lethal, descending, flaccid, paralysis that results when spores of clostridium botulinum germinate in a wound and elaborate neurotoxin. since 1988, california has experienced a dramatic increase in wb associated with injecting "black tar" heroin (bth), a dark, tarry form of the drug.	1998	9516001
rape among african american women: sexual, psychological, and social correlates predisposing survivors to risk of std/hiv.	the aim of this study was to examine the association of rape of adult african american women and sexual, psychologic, and social factors that predispose them to risks of sexually transmitted diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). this cross-sectional study, conducted between february and december 1993, recruited 165 african american women, 18-29 years of age, from an african american community of low socioeconomic status in san francisco, california. women completed a face-to-fa ...	1998	9511135