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respiratory activity in listeria monocytogenes.listeria monocytogenes possessed glucose oxidase and nadh oxidase activities in whole cells and lysed protoplasts respectively. the nadh oxidase activity sedimented with the membrane fraction and was inhibited by the respiratory inhibitors rotenone, 2-heptyl-4-hydroxy-quinoline-n-oxide and cyanide, suggesting the presence of a membrane associated respiratory chain.19911903352
survival of listeria monocytogenes in a food colorant derived from red beets.three commercial lots of the red beet colorant were inoculated to contain circa 10(3) to 10(7) listeria monocytogenes strains california, v7, or scott a per milliliter and stored for 56 d at 7 degrees c. mcbride listeria agar was used to determine numbers of survivors. selected colonies thought to be l. monocytogenes were confirmed biochemically. when necessary, samples were tested by cold enrichment (up to 8 weeks). samples of colorant initially containing 10(3) to 10(4) strain california/ml we ...19911903135
effect of growth temperature on virulence of strains of listeria monocytogenes in the mouse: evidence for a dose dependence.growth of listeria monocytogenes at 4 degrees c significantly increased its virulence for mice by the intravenous route and the effect was dose-dependent. virulence was apparent only at a dose of about or above 10(4) viable listerias. at slightly lower doses of about 10(3), no such effect was observed. growth at 4 degrees c did not increase the virulence of the strains for mice by oral-gastric challenge when given at doses of approximately 10(10).19911903133
low rate of vaginal carriage of listeria monocytogenes. 19911902862
a dissociated induction of mcf-producing and maf-producing t cells specific for listeria monocytogenes in the in vitro primary culture system.using an in vitro primary culture system which we had previously established, the induction phase of listeria monocytogenes-specific effector cells was analysed with respect to their abilities to produce effector lymphokines, macrophage chemotactic factor (mcf) and macrophage-activating factor (maf). listeria-specific effector cells generated after in vitro culture of normal spleen cells with viable l. monocytogenes for 5 days conveyed l3t4+, lyt-2-, thy-1+ surface antigens and produced mcf and ...19911902819
ribosomal dna fingerprinting of listeria monocytogenes using a digoxigenin-labeled dna probe.a nonisotopic ribosomal dna fingerprinting technique was developed for the characterization of listeria monocytogenes. plasmid pkk3535 (a pbr322-derived plasmid containing rrnb ribosomal rna operon of escherichia coli) was labeled with digoxigenin-11-dutp by random priming and used to probe ecori fragments of l. monocytogenes chromosomal dna on nylon filters. the method was successfully applied to the characterization of two sets of patient and food isolates of l. monocytogenes.19911902798
use of the polymerase chain reaction for direct detection of listeria monocytogenes in soft cheese.the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification technique was investigated as a tool for direct detection of listeria monocytogenes in soft cheeses. different sets of oligonucleotide primers were used, and parts of the l. monocytogenes dth 18-gene could be amplified specifically when either a plasmid vector carrying the cloned gene or chromosomal dna was used a template. the detection limit for l. monocytogenes in dilutions of pure cultures was between 1 and 10 colony-forming units. in extract ...19911902204
regulation of gamma interferon production by natural killer cells in scid mice: roles of tumor necrosis factor and bacterial stimuli.cb-17 scid mice exhibit a t-cell-independent but gamma interferon (ifn-gamma)-dependent immunity to listeria monocytogenes. in this study, we analyzed the specific cellular interactions involved in this process. scid mouse-derived natural killer (nk) cells cultured with heat-killed (hk) l. monocytogenes and macrophages secreted ifn-gamma. no ifn-gamma was produced in cultures containing hk l. monocytogenes but lacking macrophages. however, medium derived from macrophages incubated with hk l. mon ...19911902195
effect of two feeding formulas on immune responses and mortality in mice challenged with listeria monocytogenes.cell-mediated immunity and natural killer cells play an important role against facultative intracellular organisms. the effect of two commercially available tube feeding formulas used for patients with acute or chronic debilitating and life-threatening illnesses was studied in mice challenged with listeria monocytogenes. c57bl/6 x dba/2 f1 hybrid mice were given ad libitum access to one of two formulas or to chow. sixty mice in each of the feeding groups were challenged with 4.8 x 10(3) organism ...19911902192
effects of gaseous environment and temperature on the storage behaviour of listeria monocytogenes on chicken breast meat.portions of skinless chicken breast meat (ph 5.8) were inoculated with a strain of listeria monocytogenes and stored at 1, 6 or 15 degrees c in (1) aerobic conditions; (2) 30% co2 + air; (3) 30% co2 + n2; and (4) 100% co2. when samples were held at 1 degree c the organism failed to grow under any of the test conditions, despite marked differences between treatments in spoilage rate and ultimate microflora. at 6 degrees c counts of l. monocytogenes increased ca 10-fold in aerobic conditions befor ...19911901849
species-specific detection of listeria monocytogenes by dna amplification.the polymerase chain reaction was used to detect and specifically identify listeria monocytogenes. a 174-bp region of the listeriolysin o gene was shown to be specifically amplified in l. monocytogenes but not in other species of listeria or in a number of other gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. less than 50 organisms could routinely be detected by a procedure involving two rounds of 35 amplification cycles each and without the need for subsequent hybridization with labeled probes.19911901713
detection of listeria monocytogenes by direct colony hybridization on hydrophobic grid-membrane filters by using a chromogen-labeled dna probe.a dna probe specific for listeria monocytogenes was isolated from a beta-hemolytic recombinant clone of an l. monocytogenes gene bank. it was labeled with horseradish peroxidase and used in a direct colony hybridization method on hydrophobic grid-membrane filters for the detection of the organism. following color development of the chromogen, a commercial counter (hgmf interpreter) was able to detect and count the organisms electronically. the method gave a positive reaction with 70 l. monocytog ...19911901711
absence of effects of thymopentin on murine host resistance to listeria monocytogenes.the effects of various doses of thymopentin, the synthetic 5 aminoacid fragment of thymopoietin injected on d -4 and d -1 on murine host resistance to listeria monocytogenes were tested. the experiments did not reveal any regular dose-effect relationship; i.e. no or only marginal (more often small negative rather than positive) effects were observed on clearance and on resistance neither during the t cell independent first hour or the first 2 days of infection in euthymic or thymus deficient nud ...19911901674
neonatal listeriosis due to cross-infection confirmed by isoenzyme typing and dna fingerprinting. 19911901339
[enhancement of host defence against infection with listeria monocytogenes in newborn mice by various recombinant cytokines].neonatal mice within 24 h of birth were highly susceptible to infection of listeria monocytogenes. the 50% lethal dose of bacterial cells for neonates and adult mice was 6.3 x 10(1) cfu and 3.2 x 10(6) cfu, respectively. a single intraperitoneal injection of recombinant murine interferon-gamma (rmuifn-gamma) protected neonates from the simultaneous challenge with a lethal dose of l. monocytogenes. the protection of rmuifn-gamma was consistently observed in neonates at doses more than 4 x 10(2) i ...19911900802
meconium-stained amniotic fluid: a risk factor for microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity.the purpose of this study was to determine whether meconium-stained amniotic fluid is a marker for microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity. amniocentesis was performed on 707 patients presenting with preterm labor and intact membranes. meconium-stained amniotic fluid was present in 4.2% (30/707) of patients with preterm labor. the prevalence of positive amniotic fluid cultures was significantly higher in women with meconium-stained amniotic fluid than in women with clear fluid (33% [10/30] vs ...19911900664
immunotoxicity of bis(tri-n-butyltin) oxide in the rat.previous studies in the rat have shown that bis(tri-n-butyltin) oxide (tbto), used as a biocide, was immunotoxic at dose levels that did not affect other organs. in order to determine a no-effect level, weanling rats were treated for at least 28 consecutive days with tbto at 0, 0.5, 2, 5, or 50 mg/kg of diet. studies on clinical chemistry, hematology, pathology, and immune function, that is, plaque-forming cell (pfc) assay, delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) response, and the splenic clearance ...19911900536
synergistic effect of human lysozyme plus ampicillin or beta-lysin on the killing of listeria monocytogenes.although ampicillin is often only bacteriostatic for listeria monocytogenes in vitro, serum from ampicillin-treated patients was bactericidal. the bactericidal effect of serum was partly removed by bentonite, seitz-filtration, and addition of fecl3, suggesting it is mediated by lysozyme and beta-lysin. partly purified human beta-lysin plus purified human lysozyme or either protein plus ampicillin were bactericidal for l. monocytogenes. hen egg white lysozyme was not active. lysozyme and beta-lys ...19911899873
taxonomy of the genus listeria by using multilocus enzyme electrophoresis.seventy-three strains of the seven recognized listeria species were studied by performing a multilocus enzyme electrophoresis analysis of 18 enzyme loci. the mean number of alleles per locus was 9.5 and all of the loci were polymorphic. a total of 56 electrophoretic types were distinguished. cluster analysis of a matrix of the genetic distances between paired electrophoretic types revealed that there were six principal clusters at the species level (genetic distances between clusters greater tha ...19911899799
the epidemiology of listeriosis in the united states--1986. listeriosis study group.to determine the morbidity and mortality due to listeriosis in the united states, the authors undertook an active surveillance project in 1986 to identify all cases in which listeria monocytogenes was isolated from cultures of ordinarily sterile sites in a population of 34 million persons. the authors estimated that at least 1,700 cases of listeriosis and 450 deaths occurred in the united states in 1986; 27% of these cases occurred in pregnant women, with 22% of perinatal cases resulting in stil ...19911899779
pathogenicity of listeria monocytogenes isolates in immunocompromised mice in relation to listeriolysin production.the virulence of 74 listeria monocytogenes isolates from clinical cases and food products and of 11 isolates of other listeria species was tested in mice immunocompromised with carrageenan. isolates of species other than l. monocytogenes were not lethal to such mice. all 29 clinical isolates of l. monocytogenes (serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, 4b) and 33 of 42 isolates of various serotypes isolated mainly from dairy products killed all test mice (100% lethality) at an inoculum of 10(4) cfu/mouse. all leth ...19911899271
molecular cloning, sequencing, and identification of a metalloprotease gene from listeria monocytogenes that is species specific and physically linked to the listeriolysin gene.the entire nucleotide sequence of an open reading frame located immediately downstream of the listeriolysin gene from a virulent listeria monocytogenes serotype 1/2a strain was determined. the product of the open reading frame was 510 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 57,400. the deduced amino acid sequence of this open reading frame is highly similar to that of a family of secreted metalloproteases produced by various members of the genus bacillus, of which thermolysin is the pro ...19911898903
[adenopathy caused by listeria monocytogenes].human infection by listeria monocytogenes has been considered a rare disease in adults, usually associated to immunosuppressed patients. meningitis is the main clinical manifestation. sepsis, endocarditis, peritonitis and circumscribed abscesses are occasionally found.19911897717
the effects of betamethasone on maternal cellular resistance to infection.antenatal administration of glucocorticoids is often used to facilitate fetal lung maturation in cases of prematurity; however, the effects of betamethasone on maternal immune function have not been established. therefore maternal immune function was assessed with the use of in vitro techniques. transient and incomplete suppression of the proliferative response to the t-cell mitogen phytohemagglutinin was demonstrated as early as 24 hours after administration of betamethasone. the magnitude and ...19911892186
neonatal listeriosis in scotland.thirty-one cases of neonatal listeriosis occurred in scotland between 1 january 1987 and 31 august 1989. in each of these, listeria monocytogenes was cultured from blood, cerebrospinal fluid or both. no case of neonatal listeriosis occurred between 1 september 1989 and 31 july 1990, a statistically significant difference in incidence (p less than 0.001). a possible explanation may be that pregnant women adjusted their diet in accordance with the advice given by the chief medical officer in his l ...19911883183
therapeutic activities of antibiotics in listeriosis.in vitro practically all common antibiotics except cephalosporins are active against nearly all natural isolates of listeria monocytogenes; the therapeutic efficacy of antibiotic treatment is, however, rather limited, since up to 30% listeriosis patients will succumb to this infection. at least one reason for this low in vivo efficiency is the intracellular habitat of l. monocytogenes. in animal experiments ampicillin or amoxicillin, respectively, are still the most active drugs. in addition, ri ...19911879958
liposomes and nanoparticles as vehicles for antibiotics.colloidal drug carriers such as liposomes and nanoparticles are easily taken up by phagocytic cells and accumulate in the organs of the reticuloendothelial system. therefore, they hold promise as carriers for the treatment of intracellular infections with antibiotics that would normally not find easy access to intracellular sites. consequently, in in vitro and in vivo experiments the therapeutic efficacy of substances such as amphotericin b, dihydrostreptomycin, amikacin, ampicillin, stiboglucon ...19911879957
listeria monocytogenes infections in patients with aids: report of five cases and review.five patients with aids and listeria monocytogenes infection (three cases of bacteremia and two of meningitis) are reviewed. four patients had prior or concurrent gastrointestinal illness. two patients received corticosteroids. a 7- to 21-day course of ampicillin was administered with or without a 7- to 14-day course of gentamicin. this regimen was effective, with no evidence of relapse 7-8 months after therapy was discontinued. the relative infrequency of infection with l. monocytogenes in aids ...19911866544
shuttle vectors containing a multiple cloning site and a lacz alpha gene for conjugal transfer of dna from escherichia coli to gram-positive bacteria.the mobilizable shuttle cloning vectors, pat18 and pat19, are composed of: (i) the replication origins of puc and of the broad-host-range enterococcal plasmid pam beta 1; (ii) an erythromycin-resistance-encoding gene expressed in gram- and gram+ bacteria; (iii) the transfer origin of the incp plasmid rk2; and (iv) the multiple cloning site and the lacz alpha reporter gene of puc18 (pat18) and puc19 (pat19). these 6.6-kb plasmids contain ten unique cloning sites that allow screening of derivative ...19911864514
newly documented antimicrobial activity of quinolones.the improved antimicrobial activity of newer fluoroquinolones and novel applications recently found for the drugs already marketed are reviewed. several new compounds are more active against gram-positive bacteria than the presently marketed fluoroquinolones. win 57273, the most potent compound in vitro on a weight basis, is 16 to 128 times more active than ciprofloxacin against various staphylococci, streptococci, enterococcus spp., corynebacterium spp., listeria monocytogenes and bacillus spp. ...19911864284
in vitro evaluation of gr69153, a novel catechol-substituted cephalosporin.gr69153 is a c-7 catechol cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of activity against members of the family enterobacteriaceae (mics for 50% of strains tested [mic50s], 0.008 to 0.5 micrograms/ml), staphylococcus aureus (mic50, 4 micrograms/ml), pseudomonas aeruginosa (mic50, 0.25 micrograms/ml), haemophilus influenzae (mic50, 0.03 micrograms/ml), neisseria gonorrhoeae (mic50, 0.03 micrograms/ml), and acinetobacter spp. (mic50, 2 micrograms/ml). potent gr69153 activity was also demonstrated against ...19911854174
[meningitis in adults in geneva. review of 257 cases].we review the 257 patients hospitalized for meningitis in the cantonal university hospital, geneva between 1st january 1980 and 31st december 1986. 104 patients had acute bacterial meningitis (32 str. pneumoniae, 21 n. meningitidis, 10 listeria monocytogenes, 8 streptococci, 5 h. influenzae, 5 staphylococci, 4 gram negative bacilli and 19 without identified bacteria), 124 patients had viral meningitis and 29 meningitis of other etiologies (6 tuberculous meningitis, 2 fungal meningitis, 1 leptosp ...19911853179
inducible transfer of conjugative transposon tn1545 from enterococcus faecalis to listeria monocytogenes in the digestive tracts of gnotobiotic mice.transfer of conjugative transposon tn1545 from enterococcus faecalis to listeria monocytogenes was studied in vitro and in vivo. tn1545 transferred following filter mating at a frequency of 2.5 x 10(-7) transconjugants per donor colony. a 20-fold increase in transfer frequency was observed when matings were performed in the presence of a subinhibitory concentration of tetracycline. the frequency of in vivo transfer of tn1545, expressed as the number of transconjugants per donor cell extracted fr ...19911849709
listeria monocytogenes mutants lacking phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c are avirulent.a number of bacterial species secrete phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c (pi-plc). in this report, we show that the facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen, listeria monocytogenes, contains a gene, plca, predicting a polypeptide with 31% amino acid identity to a bacillus thuringiensis pi-plc. accordingly, l. monocytogenes secretes pi-plc activity, while a mutant with a transposon insertion in plca lacks detectable pi-plc activity. in addition, expression of plca in b. subtilis re ...19911847723
[bacteremic meningoencephalitis due to listeria monocytogenes in an immunocompetent adult].a 34 year old non pregnant, immunocompetent female developed severe meningoencephalitis. bacteriologic studies established listeria monocytogenes as the causative organisms. this agent, previously limited to affect immunocompromised hosts, has recently been shown to be transmitted by the oral route to immunocompetent persons. this is the first report of such case in chile.19911842989
effects of gonadotrophin on resistance to listeria monocytogenes infection in mice.it was demonstrated that exogenous gh suppressed the resistance to l. monocytogenes infection in listeria resistant c57bl/6 and susceptible a/j mice. however, different parameters of the immunological reaction to listeria were affected by gh treatment in these mouse strains. in c57bl/6 mice gh decreased accumulation of macrophages at the inflammatory site. on the contrary, a depression of anti-listerial activity of the phagocytes and a reduction of dth reaction to listeria antigen was demonstrat ...19911841550
heat-shock proteins and immunopathology: regulatory role of heat-shock protein-specific t cells. 19911837961
prevalence of listeria monocytogenes in intestinal contents of healthy animals in japan.a total of 1,705 fecal specimens or ileo-cecal contents of cattle, pigs, dogs, cats, chicken and rats were submitted for the isolation of listeria monocytogenes by the use of the combination of oxford-lpm agar plates after the cold enrichment in pbs at 4 degrees c for 4-6 weeks. prevalence of l. monocytogenes was found to be 1.9% in cattle, 0.6% in pigs, 0.9% in dogs and 6.5% in rats. however, none of l. monocytogenes was isolated from chicken or cats. among 26 isolates of l. monocytogenes, 13 s ...19911836374
limitations of the adoptive immunity assay for analyzing anti-listeria immunity.the usefulness of adoptive immunization as a method for analyzing mechanisms responsible for resolution of listeria monocytogenes infection was studied. results showed that, although mice resolving primary infection acquire cd8+ t cells that are exclusively capable of adoptively immunizing recipient mice against an l. monocytogenes challenge infection, these t cells are protective only if given to recipients at very early stages of infection (soon after the infection is cleared from the blood by ...19911834750
isolation of listeria monocytogenes from roof rats (rattus rattus) in buildings in tokyo. 19911832043
vascular infection: another hazard of listeriosis.two case reports are presented of listeria monocytogenes infection complicating vascular reconstructions. the importance of this problem lies in the resistance of the organism to some of the prophylactic antibiotics recommended for vascular surgery. patients with prosthetic vascular grafts, particularly if immunocompromised, may be at risk from listeria infection and may be advised to avoid potentially affected food.19911830883
immunostimulatory effect of rothia dentocariosa in mice.in mice killed rothia dentocariosa cells in doses of about 1.5 mg dry weight activated anti-infection immunity to listeria antigens and anti-tumour immunity to the ascitic form of mouse sarcoma s-180. their probable target site is the macrophage. the rothia-activated macrophages in human gingiva may take part in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. three models were employed to verify the immunostimulating properties of preventively administered rothia dentocariosa bacterin-1) a spleen macro ...19911830743
evidence for a role of ifn gamma in control of listeria monocytogenes in t cell deficient mice.the role of interferon (ifn) gamma in controlling chronic infections of listeria monocytogenes (listeria) was studied in athymic c57bl/6 nu/nu mice, and by treating thymectomized c57bl/6 +/+ mice with monoclonal rat cd4 and cd8-specific monoclonal antibodies (mab). mice treated with a combination of the two t cell subset antibodies were similar to athymic, nude mice in being able to control listeria infection, keeping the titers below 3-5 log10 bacteria per organ, but they could not eliminate th ...19911829687
selection by two powerful antigens may account for the presence of the major population of human peripheral gamma/delta t cells.v gamma 9/v delta 2 cells represent a fraction of human gamma/delta cells that is expanded after birth in the periphery, carries markers of activated cells, and becomes a major population in peripheral blood. we found that these cells do not comprise a single population but actually represent two nested sets, the smaller of which, specific for mycobacterium tuberculosis-pulsed antigen-presenting cells (apc), is contained in a larger set specific for an antigen found on the molt-4 lymphoma. the l ...19911827824
increased intracellular killing of bacteria in vitro by monocytes of patients with metastatic melanoma before and during treatment with interferon-gamma and interferon-alpha.the effect of recombinant human interferon-gamma (rhuifn-gamma) and interferon-alpha (rhuifn-alpha) as in vivo stimuli for the activation of human monocytes was investigated on the basis of the bactericidal activity of peripheral blood monocytes in 11 patients with metastatic melanoma before and during treatment with interferons. patients received increasing doses of rhuifn-gamma and a fixed dose of rhuifn-alpha, both administered subcutaneously three times a week. the rates of intracellular kil ...19911827724
listeria monocytogenes brain abscesses in a girl with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia after late central nervous system relapse.a case of listeria monocytogenes bacteraemia and meningitis with intracerebral abscesses in a girl with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in relapse is reported. the clinical features included subacute onset with fever and marked irritability followed by seizures, meningism and confusion. the pathogen was isolated from blood and cerebrospinal fluid. computerised tomography of the brain showed two intracerebral parenchymal localisations, in the left frontal lobe and in the right occipital lobe, respe ...19911827716
selective depletion of liver and splenic macrophages using liposomes encapsulating the drug dichloromethylene diphosphonate: effects on antimicrobial resistance.the current results provide direct evidence for a role of tissue macrophages (m phi) in natural immunity and support the use of immunomodulators to enhance antiviral resistance in immunocompromised individuals. in this study, macrophages (m phi) in the spleen and liver were eliminated by intravenous (i.v.) injection of the drug dichloromethylene diphosphonate (dmdp) encapsulated in liposomes. the effect of this depletion system on peritoneal m phi, peripheral blood leukocytes, splenic natural ki ...19911827490
[listeria monocytogenes liver abscess in a diabetic woman]. 19911827185
informative value of a mouse model of klebsiella pneumoniae infection used as a host-resistance assay.to obtain a host-resistance assay (hra) for quantitative evaluation of immunostimulatory effects of various substances, an experimental model of k. pneumoniae inhalatory infection was elaborated. the highly virulent bacterial strain (inhalation ld50 = 400 cfu), applied via the natural route into the respiratory tract elicits an acute infectious process possessing characteristic dynamics. although the intensity of clearance in the bronchoalveolar lavage after challenge or the mean survival time c ...19911823654
[a case of listeria meningoencephalitis with a fatal result].a fatal case of severe meningoencephalitis caused by listeria monocytogenes in a compromised alcoholic has been described. unconsciousness, full meningeal symptoms with slight lateralisation of signs, seizures, respiratory failure within three days before death have been observed.19911819820
[effect of polymyxin b on the hemolytic mechanism of the genus listeria].the contact between polymyxin b and human blood cells produced a double effect on the haemolytic activity of listeria monocytogenes, l. seeligeri and l. ivanovii hemolysins. at low polymyxin b concentrations the antibiotic promoted erythrocyte lysis whereas at higher antibiotic levels, hemolysis inhibition was observed. according to the effects of polymyxin b, hemolytic profiles were established for each hemolysin. l. monocytogenes and l. seeligeri exhibited a similar profile with maximum hemoly ...19911815273
reproducibility of seasonal effects in antibody formation and host resistance in the outbred mouse.the purpose of this study was to assess the reproducibility of any seasonal effects in the outbred cd1 mouse of antibody production to sheep red blood cells (srbcs) and host resistance to the bacterium listeria monocytogenes. a marked seasonal effect on antibody production was seen when 5- to 6-week-old female cd1 mice were studied on a weekly basis for a period of 2 years. maintained on a 12:12 h light:dark schedule, animals were held for 12 days prior to experiment to insure physical condition ...19911814602
interferon gamma fails to activate human monocyte-derived macrophages to kill or inhibit the replication of a non-pathogenic mycobacterial species.the ability of interferon gamma (gamma) to activate human macrophages to kill mycobacteria was investigated using a mycobacterial species that does not cause disease in man. although interferon activated human macrophage activity against other intracellular parasites, toxoplasma gondii and listeria monocytogenes, it failed to activate human monocyte-derived macrophages to kill not only mycobacterium tuberculosis but also the non-pathogenic species, mycobacterium phlei.19911813779
comparative in vitro activity of the new glycopeptide sk&f 104662 against problematic gram-positive bacteria.the in vitro activity of the new glycopeptide antibiotic sk&f 104662 against problematic gram-positive microorganisms was determined using the agar dilution technique. for comparison, ampicillin, oxacillin, vancomycin, erythromycin and gentamicin were tested. sk&f 104662 was found to have high activity against staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci (both methicillin sensitive and resistant strains), enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faecium, listeria monocytogenes, corynebacte ...19911810738
heat resistance of listeria monocytogenes in naturally infected and inoculated cow's milk.a two phase slug flow tubular heat exchanger was used for the thermal inactivation of listeria monocytogenes in natural infected milk from seven cows. l. monocytogenes serotype 4b inoculated uht sterilized milk was monitored in a parallel study. the two milks were heated at 71.1 degrees c for holding times of 2, 4, 10, 15, 20 and 30 s. milk was assayed for survivors immediately after heat treatment and weekly thereafter for 4 weeks during storage at 4 degrees c. no survivors were detected in the ...19911810108
[intra-articular listeria monocytogenes: pathogenic role or asymptomatic carrier state?]. 19911807183
meditation of the taxonomy of listeria.listeria monocytogenes was exactly identified and named in 1924. since then the name and taxonomic position of listeriae have been changed several times. the last classification was performed on the basis of genetic studies and of some biological properties (haemolytic character, virulence and acid production from sugars). on the basis of the taxonomic validity of these characters, the listeria genus is proposed to be classified into three species: l. monocytogenes (four subspecies), l. ivanovii ...19911805502
[experimental listeriosis in chickens: microbiological and anatomo-histopathological studies and health and hygiene considerations].the authors report the results of an experimental infection of 20 chickens with l.m. in order to verify if they became affected by listeriosis and to individuate the degree of contamination of the meat and parenchymas and eggs. despite the high infecting dose (160 x 10(7) micro-organism in group 1, 51 x 10(8) + cortisone in group 2, 130 x 10(8) in group 3), no signs of the disease were found in any of the animals; besides, l.m. was isolated in the faeces of only 3 subjects for 1 day post-infecti ...19911804238
[heterogeneity of strains of listeria monocytogenes isolated during an outbreak of listeriosis among adults in valencia in 1989]. 19911799621
[asymptomatic placental listeria infection].a case of listeria monocytogenes placental infection without foetal contamination is reported. the infant, normal at birth, developed progressive and severe neurological involvement. at 8 months of age, magnetic resonance imaging showed a bilateral cerebral atrophy. the responsibility of placental damage in altering the utero-placental blood flow with subsequent foetal hypoxia is discussed.19911793347
minimal water activity for growth of listeria monocytogenes as affected by solute and temperature.two strains of listeria monocytogenes, scott a (serotype 4b) and brie 1 (serotype 1b) were characterized in terms of minimum aw requirements for growth at 4 and 30 degrees c, using nacl, glycerol and sucrose as test solutes. both strains grew well at 30 degrees c in glycerol-supplemented tryptic soy broth (tsb), but not in nacl- and sucrose-supplemented tsb at aw 0.90. sucrose was more inhibitory than nacl and glycerol. the brie 1 strain was less tolerant to sucrose compared to the strain scott ...19911790110
use of pulsed field gel electrophoresis to compare large dna-restriction fragments of listeria monocytogenes strains belonging to serogroups 1/2 and 3.thirty-five listeria monocytogenes strains belonging to serogroups 1/2 and 3 and isolated from various origins were characterized by whole cellular dna restriction patterns using low-frequency cleavage enzymes and pulsed field gel electrophoresis. seventeen restriction profiles were detected with apai, 18 with smai and 15 with noti, the combination of these patterns allowing one to define at least 24 distinct groups within the 35 strains. the significant genomic diversity pointed out by this met ...19911790106
listeria monocytogenes. recommendations by the national advisory committee on microbiological criteria for foods. 19911790101
clinical and serum antibody responses to lambs to infection by listeria monocytogenes.oral dosing of lambs with 1 x 10(10) colony forming units of listeria monocytogenes daily for three days produced no clinical signs but protected the animals against bacteraemia following subsequent homologous subcutaneous challenge. following the subcutaneous injections, comparison with controls revealed significantly lower rectal temperatures and a significant difference in positive blood cultures. in both groups signs of systemic illness were unremarkable. however, two and 10 days after the s ...19911788482
detection and activity of a bacteriocin produced by leuconostoc mesenteroides.leuconostoc mesenteroides ul5 was found to produce a bacteriocin, referred as mesenterocin 5, active against listeria monocytogenes strains but with no effect on several useful lactic acid bacteria. the antimicrobial substance is a protein, since its activity was completely destroyed following protease (pronase) treatment. however, it was relatively heat stable (100 degrees c for 30 min) and partially denaturated by chloroform. the inhibitory effect of the bacteriocin on sensitive bacterial stra ...19911785922
[listeria meningitis and hiv infection].although listeria monocytogenes is an opportunistic pathogen, infection by this bacteria is infrequent in aids patients. we were describe a case of l. monocytogenes meningitis in a patient infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). literature is reviewed, and the pathogenesis of infection by this bacteria and its relation to aids is discussed.19911784745
effect of the new immunostimulator hab 439 on cell-mediated immunity against intracellular bacteria.the isoxazoline derivative hab 439 was tested for its enzyme inhibiting potency and was found to be an inhibitor of aminopeptidase b (ic50 = 22.5 micrograms/ml). in further immunopharmacological experiments its efficacy to stimulate cell-mediated immunity was evaluated. hab 439 was shown to stimulate dth-reaction against salmonella typhimurium and listeria monocytogenes. hab 439 protected animals against infection by reducing the bacterial load in livers and spleens and by decreasing the mortali ...19911783467
dna probes and the detection of food-borne pathogens using the polymerase chain reaction. 19911783201
listeria in effluents from the food-processing industry.there is general agreement that listeriosis has a significant impact on man as well as on animals. listeria monocytogenes has been isolated from the faeces of healthy human and animal carriers and from various environmental sources. l. monocytogenes is the pathogenic species most responsible for abortion, septicaemia and meningitis in animals and man. listeria ivanovii is a primary cause of abortion in animals. owing to a number of epidemics and single cases caused by food contaminated with l. m ...19911782429
effect of the lactoperoxidase system on listeria monocytogenes behavior in raw milk at refrigeration temperatures.activity of raw milk lactoperoxidase-thiocyanate-hydrogen peroxide (lp) system on four listeria monocytogenes strains at refrigeration temperatures after addition of 0.25 mm sodium thiocyanate and 0.25 mm hydrogen peroxide was studied. the lp system exhibited a bactericidal activity against l. monocytogenes at 4 and 8 degrees c; the activity was dependent on temperature, length of incubation, and strain of l. monocytogenes tested. d values in activated-lp system milk for the four strains tested ...19911781693
effects of ci-949, a novel antiallergy compound, on host resistance in mice.the effect of ci-949, a novel inhibitor of allergic mediator release, on immune function was assessed with holistic mouse models of immunocompetence. resistance to the bacterial pathogens listeria monocytogenes and streptococcus pneumoniae and the b16f10 melanoma cell line was used to evaluate the potential of ci-949 to affect immune function. ci-949 treatment of female b6c3f1 mice increased pulmonary tumor burden at 100 mg/kg/day in the b16f10 melanoma model, with a no effect level of at least ...19911778359
relationship between bacterial meningitis and acellular pertussis vaccine.we studied case reports of bacterial meningitis and estimated its incidence per 100,000 in three areas of osaka prefecture which differed in population and vaccination schedule for the years of 1987 and 1988. to estimate incidence, we used a simple mathematical method derived from surveillance data for a reported number of exanthem subitum to obtain a coverage constant. with this coverage constant, we estimated the incidence of bacterial meningitis per 100,000 population for each area. in the to ...19911778325
inhibition, survival and growth of listeria monocytogenes on poultry as influenced by buffered lactic acid treatment and modified atmosphere packaging.the effect of the treatment with various concentrations (2%, 5% and 10% w/v) of lactic acid/sodium lactate buffer (ph 3.0), modified atmosphere (map) packaging (90% co2 and 10% o2) and 10% (w/v) lactic acid/sodium lactate buffer (ph 3.0) combined with map on listeria monocytogenes z7 serotype 1 and on the shelf life of chicken legs stored at 6 degrees c was investigated. the initial contamination level of l. monocytogenes on the chicken legs surface was 8.3 x 10(2) cfu/cm2 of skin. after 2 days ...19911777385
a rapid polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based assay for the identification of listeria monocytogenes in food samples.a rapid and simple assay has been developed which allows specific detection of listeria monocytogenes within 3.5 h in cultures prepared from suspect food samples and propagated 48 h in selective medium. the assay is based on pcr technology, and uses a specific primer set derived from sequences located down-stream of the hlya gene. the specificity of the primer set was confirmed by testing 115 l. monocytogenes, 14 l. innocua, 5 l. seeligeri and 4 l. ivanovii isolates. the assay was compared to st ...19911777383
growth of listeria monocytogenes in vacuum-packed, smoked salmon, during storage at 4 degrees c.samples of smoked salmon of different hygienic quality were inoculated with low (6 cfu/g) and high (600 cfu/g) levels of a mixture of three strains of listeria monocytogenes, after which they were vacuum-packed and stored at 4 degrees c for up to 5 weeks. l. monocytogenes grew well during storage in all the inoculated sample groups. growth was, however, slightly faster in the fish with the better hygienic quality. the smoked salmon was still sensorically acceptable after 4 weeks. all three strai ...19911777380
cutaneous lesions of listeriosis in a newborn.although hiv-infected patients are commonly infected by organisms that require an intact t cell immune system for control or eradication, there are some exceptions. the intracellular pathogen listeria monocytogenes is one such organism. listeriosis occurs primarily in neonates, elderly patients, patients on immune suppressive medications, cancer patients, and during pregnancy. however, listeriosis is an uncommon opportunistic infection in hiv-infected patients. we report a case of listeriosis wi ...19911774359
feeding trials of listeria monocytogenes with a nonhuman primate model.one of the major unanswered questions regarding the presence of listeria monocytogenes in foods is how many cells must be ingested in order to cause illness. to answer this question, studies were undertaken by using macaca fascicularis (cynomolgus monkey) as an animal model. healthy nonhuman primates were dosed with various concentrations of l. monocytogenes suspended in sterile whole milk. final concentrations of 10(5), 10(7), and 10(9) total cells of the organism were used; a control was also ...19911774270
[listeria monocytogenes liver abscesses revealing pancreatic cancer]. 19911772194
[listeria monocytogenes ascites infection in a patient with peritoneal carcinosis]. 19911769481
sensitive and specific detection of listeria monocytogenes in milk and ground beef with the polymerase chain reaction.a sensitive and specific method for detection of listeria monocytogenes in milk and ground-beef samples is described. it consists of culturing samples in listeria enrichment broth (leb) and subculturing them from leb to listeria plating media, followed by dna extraction and species-specific detection of the organism by using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). in developing the l. monocytogenes pcr assay, five oligonucleotide primers complementary to the nucleotide sequence of the listeriolysin ...19911768130
pathogenicity of nonstressed, heat-stressed, and resuscitated listeria monocytogenes 1a1 cells.the pathogenicity of nonstressed, heat-stressed, and resuscitated cells of listeria monocytogenes 1a1 was assayed in immunocompromised mice. cells were stressed by heating them at 56 degrees c for 20 min and were resuscitated by incubation in tryptic soy broth at 25 degrees c. a dose of 10(2) nonstressed and resuscitated cells per mouse was required for pathogenicity; a dose of 10(4) heat-stressed cells per mouse was considerably less pathogenic. loss of hemolytic activity accompanied the decrea ...19911768107
comparison of cold enrichment and u.s. department of agriculture methods for isolating listeria monocytogenes from naturally contaminated foods. the listeria study group.we compared the cold enrichment (ce) and u.s. department of agriculture (usda) methods for isolating listeria monocytogenes by examining 402 food samples. the food samples were collected from refrigerators of listeriosis patients as part of a multistate active surveillance project to determine the role of foods in sporadic listeriosis in the united states. l. monocytogenes was isolated from 51 food samples (13%). the usda method was significantly better (p less than 0.001) than the ce method. th ...19911768082
[the epidemiology of human and animal listeriosis]. 19911767883
[isolated listeria monocytogenes liver abscess: suspect diabetes mellitus]. 19911761608
use of pulsed field electrophoresis of dna restriction fragments for comparing listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from human infections and food in austria.twenty-five listeria monocytogenes strains of human and food origin were studied, using low-frequency-cleavage restriction endonucleases and pulsed field gel electrophoresis. sixteen different restriction patterns were obtained using apai and smai. the human isolates showed profiles different from those of the food isolates, thus strongly suggesting that the two human infections selected for this study did not originate from the contaminated foodstuffs examined at the same time. this method allo ...19911755928
clinical and epidemiological aspects of listeriosis in belgium, 1985-1990.between january 1985 and december 1990, 233 cases of human listeriosis were reported to the listeria reference centre of belgium. foeto-maternal infections (88 cases) and septicemia in adults (88 cases) were the most frequent clinical manifestations, followed by cns infections (40 cases). 71.7% of the patients presented a concurrent condition which favoured the triggering of the disease. no correlation was found between the isolation of l. monocytogenes in patients and their occupation or their ...19911755927
physiological characterization and identification of listeria species.a total of 136 strains of the genus listeria were physiologically characterized using 329 miniaturized tests. overall similarities of all strains were determined by numerical taxonomic techniques using the upgma algorithm and the ssm and sj coefficients. a total of 10 clusters (2 or more strains) and 1 single-member cluster were defined at the 95.1 to 95.8% similarity levels (ssm). the same clusters were found at the 76.8% to 77.8% similarity levels (sj). strains of l. seeligeri, l. welshimeri, ...19911755917
ril-1 alpha enhances adoptive transfer of resistance to listeria monocytogenes infection.we have previously demonstrated that administration of recombinant ril-1 alpha enhances resistance against listeria monocytogenes infection in mice. in this study we considered the possibility that this cytokine might also augment adoptive immunity conferred by the transfer of listeria-immune spleen cells. concomitant administration of ril-1 alpha with large numbers (2 x 10(7) or 10(8)) of listeria-immune spleen cells reduced the protection mediated by the transferred cells. conversely, ril-1 al ...19911753878
fatal listeria meningitis in an immunocompromised infant: therapeutic implications.infection with listeria monocytogenes is rare in infants and children. listeriosis has been made a notifiable condition in the state of california since 1985. from january 1985 to december 1990, only seven cases of listeriosis have been reported in children less than or equal to 13 years of age. this brief report summarises the features of a fatal case of listeria meningitis in an immunocompromised 4-month-old infant, discusses diagnostic and therapeutic implications, and describes the other six ...19911753137
evaluation of an enzymatic method for fast identification of listeria spp. in cheese and meat products.listeria-tek elisa was compared with conventional cultural procedure of fil/idf (federation international de laiterie/international dairy federation) modified by us. the elisa assay is able to detect listeria innocua, listeria monocytogenes, listeria murrayi and listeria welshimeri, after 48 h in artificially contaminated cheeses. no specific reactions, no false positive or negative were detected and the assay has a high correlation with the conventional method used in this research. we also ana ...19911750966
in vitro activity of ro 09-1428 compared to other cephalosporins.the in vitro activity of ro 09-1428, a new catechol-type parenteral cephalosporin, was compared to that of ceftazidime, e-1040, cefpirome and cefepime against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. ro 09-1428 inhibited group a streptococci at less than or equal to 0.12 micrograms/ml, and group b, c and g streptococci and streptococcus pneumoniae at 0.5 micrograms/ml, whereas for staphylococcus aureus ro 09-1428 had mics of 8-16 micrograms/ml similar to ceftazidime and e-1040. against pseudom ...19911748124
inhibition of immune reactions in vivo by liposome associated transforming growth factor (tgf) type beta 1.in view of its potent inhibitory capacity on immune cells in culture, we wished to determine the ability of transforming growth factor (tgf) beta 1 to down-regulate immune responses in vivo. preliminary experiments suggested that, at the doses used, systemic injection of soluble tgf beta 1 could not affect bacterial-induced spleen enlargement in mice. therefore, we sought to utilize a physiochemical property of this molecule, namely its high pi, to determine possible association between the liga ...19911747960
development of an improved chemically defined minimal medium for listeria monocytogenes.a chemically defined minimal medium for listeria monocytogenes has been developed by modification of welshimer's medium. the growth factors required by l. monocytogenes scott a are leucine, isoleucine, arginine, methionine, valine, cysteine (each at 100 mg/liter), riboflavin and biotin (each at 0.5 micrograms/ml), thiamine (1.0 micrograms/ml), and thioctic acid (0.005 micrograms/ml). growth was stimulated by 20 micrograms of fe3+ per ml as ferric citrate. glucose (1%) and glutamine (600 mg/liter ...19911746963
the effects of temperature, ph, sodium chloride and sodium nitrite on the growth of listeria monocytogenes.an automated turbidimetric system using multiwelled plates was used to examine the effects of different combinations of nacl (0.5-8.0% w/v), nano2 (0-400 micrograms/ml) ph (4.6-7.4) and temperature (5-30 degrees c) on the growth of listeria monocytogenes in tryptone soya broth. the data presented clearly illustrate the combinations that permit visible growth of the organism. the ability of l. monocytogenes to grow at low ph levels was strongly influenced by incubation temperature as well as nano ...19911742175
the effect of microwave and conventional cooking on the temperature profiles and microbial flora of minced beef.beef mince samples were cooked to the rare, medium and well done states by microwave and conventional oven methods. the raw samples all contained large numbers of contaminating organisms and low numbers of listeria monocytogenes were detected in the majority of samples. a substantial proportion of the contaminating flora survived in mince cooked by microwaves to the rare, medium and well done states, prior to a 30-min standing period. listeria monocytogenes survived in all samples cooked by micr ...19911742174
the protective activity of immunostimulants against listeria monocytogenes infection in mice.the function of peritoneal macrophages induced by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of attenuated streptococcus pyogenes (ok-432), bacillus calmette guérin (bcg), protein-bound polysaccharide preparation isolated from coriolus vesicolor (psk) or lactobacillus casei was examined. the pma-triggered respiratory burst (production of o2- and h2o2) of macrophages induced by ok-432, bcg or lac. casei was greater than that of resident or thioglycollate-stimulated macrophages and was similar to that of bc ...19921740781
intraepithelial airway dendritic cells: a distinct subset of pulmonary dendritic cells obtained by microdissection.dendritic cells (dc), in general, and pulmonary dc, in particular, are a heterogeneous population of cells, their phenotype and function being dependent on their anatomic location, their state of activation, and the regulatory effect of locally secreted cytokines. using a novel microdissection technique, the epithelium from the trachea and entire airway system was harvested, and the contained dc isolated at greater than 90% purity. the phenotype and function of these airway dc (adc) was compared ...19921740664
protective immunity and granulomatous inflammation is mediated in vivo by t cells reactive to epitopes common to avirulent and listeriolysin-negative mutants of listeria monocytogenes.the ability of several listeriolysin o-negative mutants of the egd and nctc 7973 strains of listeria monocytogenes to activate specific t cell responses in vitro and in vivo was determined. t cell lines from different inbred mouse strains and derived t cell clones elicited by l. monocytogenes, strain egd, which are able to adoptively transfer protection and granuloma formation were examined. specificity testing revealed no differences between listeriolysin-positive and -negative strains to induc ...19921739988
induction of macrophage interleukin-1 production by listeria monocytogenes hemolysin.listeriolysin o produced by a hemolytic strain of listeria monocytogenes was purified from the ammonium sulfate precipitate of a culture supernatant through the steps of ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. the purified hemolysin finally gave a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with a molecular weight of 58,000. when peritoneal exudate macrophages were stimulated with purified hemolysin, we found a high level of il-1 activity as determined by thy ...19921739985
l. monocytogenes-induced actin assembly requires the acta gene product, a surface protein.the intracellular pathogenic bacterium l. monocytogenes can spread directly from cell to cell without leaving the cytoplasm. the mechanism of this movement, generated through bacterially induced actin polymerization, is not understood. by analyzing an avirulent tn917-lac mutant defective for actin polymerization, we have identified a bacterial component involved in this process. the transposon had inserted in acta, the second gene of an operon. gene disruption of downstream genes and transformat ...19921739966
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