Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| epidemiologic features of hand-foot-mouth disease and herpangina caused by enterovirus 71 in taiwan, 1998-2005. | in 1998, an epidemic of hand-foot-mouth disease/herpangina was caused by human enterovirus 71 infection in taiwan. the underlying factors of widespread emergence of viral infection are unclear. the purpose of this study was to assess the epidemiology of hand-foot-mouth disease/herpangina in taiwan between march 1998 and december 2005. | 2007 | 17671037 |
| ev71 induces vcam-1 expression via pdgf receptor, pi3-k/akt, p38 mapk, jnk and nf-kappab in vascular smooth muscle cells. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) is a widespread virus that causes severe and fatal diseases in patients, including circulation failure. the mechanisms underlying ev71-initiated intracellular signaling pathways to influence host cell functions remain unknown. in this study, we identified a requirement for pdgfr, pi3-k/akt, p38 mapk, jnk, and nf-kappab in the regulation of vcam-1 expression by rat vascular smooth muscle cells (vsmcs) in response to viral infection. ev71 induced vcam-1 expression in a time- ... | 2007 | 17669626 |
| immunity to avirulent enterovirus 71 and coxsackie a16 virus protects against enterovirus 71 infection in mice. | in this study, we sought to determine whether intratypic and intertypic cross-reactivity protected against enterovirus 71 (ev71) infection in a murine infection model. we demonstrate that active immunization of 1-day-old mice with avirulent ev71 strain or coxsackie a16 virus (ca16) by the oral route developed anti-ev71 antibodies with neutralizing activity (1:16 and 1:2, respectively). splenocytes from both ev71- and ca16-immunized mice proliferated upon ev71 or ca16, but not coxsackie b3 virus ... | 2007 | 17626076 |
| an eight-year study of epidemiologic features of enterovirus 71 infection in taiwan. | in 1998, an epidemic of enterovirus 71 (ev 71) infection occurred in taiwan. the purpose of this study was to assess the epidemiology of ev 71 infection in taiwan. between march 1998 and december 2005, a total of 1,548 severe cases of hand-foot-mouth disease and herpangina (hfmd/ha) was reported to the center for disease control in taiwan. a seasonal variation in number of severe cases was observed, with the annual peak in second quarter. deaths from severe hfmd/ha varied from year to year (chi( ... | 2007 | 17620652 |
| [epidemiology of enterovirus associated with neurologic diseases]. | this report describes the results of human enterovirus (hev) detection and characterization using cell culture, polymerase chain reaction and molecular typing in 2167 samples obtained from acute flaccid paralysis, aseptic meningitis and acute encephalitis patients, from 1991 to 1998 in argentina. hev were isolated in 130 out of 666 cases (19.5%) and 36 out of 666 (5.4%). hev rna was detected in 28.8% (231/801) and 3.0% (21/700) of the patients with meningitis and encephalitis, respectively. chil ... | 2007 | 17593593 |
| enterovirus 71 triggering of neuronal apoptosis through activation of abl-cdk5 signalling. | the molecular mechanism behind what causes an infection of enterovirus 71 (ev71) in young children to result in severe neurological diseases is unclear. herein, we show that cdk5, a critical signalling effector of various neurotoxic insults in the brain, is activated by ev71 infection of neuronal cells. ev71-induced neuronal apoptosis could be effectively repressed by blocking either cdk5 kinase activity or its protein expression. moreover, ev71-induced cdk5 activation was modulated by c-abl. th ... | 2007 | 17581253 |
| retrograde axonal transport: a major transmission route of enterovirus 71 in mice. | inoculation of enterovirus 71 (ev71) by the oral (p.o.), intramuscular (i.m.), or intracranial route resulted in brain infection, flaccid paralysis, pulmonary dysfunction, and death of 7-day-old mice. the lag time of disease progression indicated that neuroinvasion from the inoculation sites was a prerequisite for the development of the clinical signs. although ev71 p.o. inoculation led to a persistent viremia and a transient increase in blood-brain barrier permeability at the early stage of the ... | 2007 | 17567704 |
| an attenuated strain of enterovirus 71 belonging to genotype a showed a broad spectrum of antigenicity with attenuated neurovirulence in cynomolgus monkeys. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) is a causative agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease and is also sometimes associated with serious neurological disorders. in this study, we characterized the antigenicity and tissue specificity of an attenuated strain of ev71 [ev71(s1-3')], which belongs to genotype a, in a monkey infection model. three cynomolgus monkeys were inoculated with ev71(s1-3'), followed by lethal challenge with the parental virulent strain ev71(brcr-tr) via an intravenous route on day 45 postin ... | 2007 | 17567701 |
| genetic and antigenic analyses of enterovirus 71 isolates in taiwan during 1998-2005. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) infections can lead to devastating clinical outcomes in children, with an increasing number of severe cases worldwide. the genetic and antigenic variability of ev71 strains isolated in taiwan in 1998-2005 was evaluated using partial nucleotide sequence analysis of the vp1 gene and the neutralisation assay. phylogenetic analyses revealed that most ev71 isolates from the 1998 epidemic belonged to sub-genogroup c2, with a minority belonging to sub-genogroup b4. between 1999 an ... | 2007 | 17488328 |
| genetic evolution of enterovirus 71: epidemiological and pathological implications. | since its discovery in the 1970s, enterovirus 71 (ev71) has become one of the most pathogenic enterovirus serotypes causing recurrent outbreaks in different parts of the world. three waves of outbreaks globally have been recorded over the last three decades and more recently active circulation of ev71 is evident amongst countries in south east asia and beyond. there is evidence of a continuous evolution in its genetic make up which is likely to impact on its epidemiology and pathological potenti ... | 2007 | 17487831 |
| application of fluorescence resonance energy transfer resolved by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy for the detection of enterovirus 71 infection in cells. | timely and effective virus infection detection is critical for the clinical management and prevention of the disease spread in communities during an outbreak. a range of methods have been developed for this purpose, of which classical serological and viral nucleic acids detection are the most popular. we describe an alternative, imaging-based approach that utilizes fluorescence resonance energy transfer (fret) resolved by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (flim) and demonstrate it on the ... | 2007 | 17477731 |
| rapid identification of emerging infectious agents using pcr and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. | newly emergent infectious diseases are a global public health problem. the population dense regions of southeast asia are the epicenter of many emerging diseases, as evidenced by the outbreak of nipah, sars, avian influenza (h5n1), dengue, and enterovirus 71 in this region in the past decade. rapid identification, epidemiologic surveillance, and mitigation of transmission are major challenges in ensuring public health safety. here we describe a powerful new approach for infectious disease survei ... | 2007 | 17470915 |
| evaluation of different clinical sample types in diagnosis of human enterovirus 71-associated hand-foot-and-mouth disease. | human enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus a16 are important causes of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (hfmd). like other enteroviruses, they can be isolated from a range of sterile and nonsterile sites, but which clinical sample, or combination of samples, is the most useful for laboratory diagnosis of hfmd is not clear. we attempted virus culture for 2,916 samples from 628 of 725 children with hfmd studied over a 3 1/2-year period, which included two large outbreaks. overall, throat swabs were the si ... | 2007 | 17446325 |
| dna vaccine constructs against enterovirus 71 elicit immune response in mice. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) is a major causative viral agent responsible for large outbreaks of hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd), a common rash illness in children and infants. there is no effective antiviral treatment for severe ev71 infections and no vaccine is available. the objectives of this study were to design and construct a dna vaccine against enterovirus 71 using the viral capsid protein (vp1) gene of ev71 and to verify the functionality of the dna vaccine in vitro and in vivo. | 2007 | 17445254 |
| cerebrospinal fluid cytokines in enterovirus 71 brain stem encephalitis and echovirus meningitis infections of varying severity. | taiwan has experienced several outbreaks of enterovirus 71 (ev71) infections since 1998. this study examined the quantitative relationship between specific cytokines in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) and the severity of ev71 brain stem encephalitis (be), and investigated whether the csf cytokine response differed from that to uncomplicated echovirus meningitis (em). the study included 57 children with ev71 be, of whom 24 had isolated be, 24 had autonomic nervous system (ans) dysregulation, and ni ... | 2007 | 17441979 |
| neurodevelopment and cognition in children after enterovirus 71 infection. | enterovirus 71 is a common cause of hand, foot, and mouth disease and encephalitis in asia and elsewhere. the long-term neurologic and psychiatric effects of this viral infection on the central nervous system (cns) are not well understood. | 2007 | 17377160 |
| genetic diversity of epidemic enterovirus 71 strains recovered from clinical and environmental samples in taiwan. | most enteroviruses excreted in human feces and urine are present in environmental water. in order to clarify the infection route of enterovirus, the detection of viruses in both clinical and environmental samples may contribute to understanding the mode of transmission of strains responsible for human infection. thus, 21 epidemic enterovirus 71 strains from environmental water or stool samples were collected from hfmd children during 2005. enterovirus genomic rna was first amplified directly fro ... | 2007 | 17363101 |
| restoration of shoulder function and elbow flexion by nerve transfer for poliomyelitis-like paralysis caused by enterovirus 71 infection. | we report the case of an eight-month-old girl who presented with a poliomyelitis-like paralysis in her left upper limb caused by enterovirus 71 infection. she recovered useful function after nerve transfers performed six months after the onset of paralysis. early neurotisation can be used successfully in the treatment of poliomyelitis-like paralysis in children. | 2007 | 17322446 |
| high-titred neutralizing antibodies to human enterovirus 71 preferentially bind to the n-terminal portion of the capsid protein vp1. | human enterovirus 71 has emerged as an important pathogen of children in the asia pacific region, and it may be important to consider the development of a vaccine against this virus. human cord serum was used as a source of neutralizing antibodies to determine whether the n- or c-terminal half of the vp1 capsid protein was more likely to harbour neutralizing determinants. cord sera from 205 individuals were tested for neutralizing antibodies against human enterovirus 71 in an indirect elisa agai ... | 2007 | 17318736 |
| enhanced potency and efficacy of 29-mer shrnas in inhibition of enterovirus 71. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) is the main causative agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd) in young children. it has been associated with severe neurological complications and has caused significant mortalities in large-scale outbreaks in asia. in this study, we demonstrated an enhanced silencing of ev71 through the use of chemically synthesized 29-mer shrnas. the 29-mer shrnas were designed to target three highly conserved regions of ev71 genome. transfection of rhabdomyosarcoma (rd) cells with ... | 2007 | 17316836 |
| human enterovirus 71 disease in sarawak, malaysia: a prospective clinical, virological, and molecular epidemiological study. | human enterovirus (hev)-71 causes large outbreaks of hand-foot-and-mouth disease with central nervous system (cns) complications, but the role of hev-71 genogroups or dual infection with other viruses in causing severe disease is unclear. | 2007 | 17278054 |
| the vp1 structural protein of enterovirus 71 interacts with human ornithine decarboxylase and gene trap ankyrin repeat. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) is a major etiological agent of hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd). several outbreaks in east asia were associated with neurological complications and numerous deaths. ev71 possesses four structural proteins vp1-vp4 that are necessary in the formation of the pentameric icosahedral capsid. the viral capsid contributes to virulence, and vp1 is a prime target for ev71 vaccine development. using yeast two-hybrid analysis, we demonstrated binding affinity between vp1 and three ... | 2007 | 17276651 |
| antiviral effects of salvia miltiorrhiza (danshen) against enterovirus 71. | in this study, the antiviral activities of seven different extracts of salvia miltiorrhiza (danshen) were determined. the first two extracts, sa1 and sa2, isolated at room temperature by ethyl acetate and water extraction, respectively, neutralized the enterovirus 71-induced cytopathic effect in vero, rhabdomyosarcoma and mrc-5 cells. the other five crude extracts, extracted with warm water (60-70 degrees c) or organic solvents, did not have any protective activity. the 50% inhibitory concentrat ... | 2007 | 17265559 |
| the correlation between neurological evaluations and neurological outcome in acute encephalitis: a hospital-based study. | acute encephalitis is a common cns infectious disease in children. however, there are limited studies concerning about the correlation between the clinical evaluations and neurological outcome. to investigate the value of neurological evaluations, and the correlation between these evaluations and neurological outcomes of acute encephalitis, in the present study we retrospectively evaluated the neurological outcome of 0- to 16-year-old children with encephalitis or meningoencephalitis between 199 ... | 2007 | 17240177 |
| identification of neutralizing linear epitopes from the vp1 capsid protein of enterovirus 71 using synthetic peptides. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) is the main causative agent of hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd) and has been associated with severe neurological diseases resulting in high mortalities. currently, there is no vaccine available and treatment is limited to palliative care. in this study, antisera were raised in mice against 95 overlapping synthetic peptides spanning the vp1 capsid protein of ev71. two peptides, sp55 and sp70, containing amino acid 163-177 and 208-222 of vp1, respectively, are capable of e ... | 2007 | 17222936 |
| reticulon 3 binds the 2c protein of enterovirus 71 and is required for viral replication. | enterovirus 71 is an enterovirus of the family picornaviridae. the 2c protein of poliovirus, a relative of enterovirus 71, is essential for viral replication. the poliovirus 2c protein is associated with host membrane vesicles, which form viral replication complexes where viral rna synthesis takes place. we have now identified a host-encoded 2c binding protein called reticulon 3, which we found to be associated with the replication complex through direct interaction with the enterovirus 71-encod ... | 2007 | 17182608 |
| differences in replication capacity between enterovirus 71 isolates obtained from patients with encephalitis and those obtained from patients with herpangina in taiwan. | the cellular-tropism and biological characteristics of enterovirus 71 (ev71) isolates in taiwan (tw) were studied. growth curve experiments were conducted using cell lines that were possibly exhibited pathogenesis, and rt-pcr and sequencing tests were undertaken to amplify the 5' non-coding region (5'-ncr). the encephalitis isolate ev71 tw98ntu2078 was pbmc-tropic, temperature-resistant (tr) at 40 degrees c, and easier to replicate in htb-14 (astrocytoma) than the herpangina isolate ev71 tw98ntu ... | 2007 | 17133556 |
| echovirus 4 associated to hand, foot and mouth disease. | hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd) is a contagious enteroviral infection occurring primarily in children and characterized by vesicular palmoplantar eruptions and erosive stomatitis. echovirus 4 (ev-4) has been commonly associated with aseptic meningitis. the association of hfmd with ev-4 has not been reported previously. two samples of a 14-month child who presented mild fever, sores in the mouth, rash with blisters on the palm of hands and soles of feet were sent to enteric viruses laboratory ... | 2006 | 17119674 |
| long-term cognitive and motor deficits after enterovirus 71 brainstem encephalitis in children. | several large outbreaks of enterovirus 71 infections have occurred in taiwan during the past decade. brainstem encephalitis was the most common neurologic complication. this study was designed to determine the long-term cognitive and motor outcomes of children with enterovirus 71 brainstem encephalitis. | 2006 | 17116698 |
| mcp-1, a highly expressed chemokine in dengue haemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome patients, may cause permeability change, possibly through reduced tight junctions of vascular endothelium cells. | vascular leakage, one hallmark of dengue haemorrhagic fever (dhf) and dengue shock syndrome, has been linked to the mediators secreted from cells in the circulatory system. in this study, extremely high expression levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (mcp-1) were found in the plasma of dhf patients compared with low mcp-1 expression levels in the plasma of enterovirus 71-infected patients. it was also found that mcp-1 expression was induced in dengue virus 2 (dv2)-infected monocytes and ... | 2006 | 17098977 |
| viral myelitis: an update. | viral infections of the central nervous system are uncommon but are important in the differential diagnosis of acute myelopathy. acute viral myelitis can present as acute flaccid paralysis (poliomyelitis) or neurologic dysfunction due to involvement of the white matter. the latter usually affects only part of the transverse expanse of the spinal cord and manifests as asymmetric motor and sensory symptoms. when both halves of the spinal cord are affected, the entity is referred to as acute transv ... | 2006 | 17074281 |
| isolation of enterovirus 71 from patients with hand, foot and mouth disease in a local epidemic on march 2006, in miyagi prefecture, japan. | 2006 | 17060708 | |
| integrated reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction systems for virus detection. | the current study reports on an integrated microreverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) system for molecular diagnosis of microorganisms automatically. by using antibodies-conjugated superparamagnetic beads, the developed system can detect viruses with higher sensitivity and specificity when compared with traditional biological diagnosis methods using a ribonucleic acid (rna) extraction kit. the target viruses were first captured by the conjugated antibodies on the magnetic bead ... | 2007 | 16978853 |
| enterovirus surveillance--united states, 1970-2005. | enteroviruses are common human viruses associated with various clinical syndromes, from minor febrile illness to severe, potentially fatal conditions (e.g., aseptic meningitis, paralysis, myocarditis, and neonatal enteroviral sepsis). multiple enterovirus serotypes exist. individual serotypes have different temporal patterns of circulation and often are associated with different clinical manifestations. changes in circulating serotypes might be accompanied by large-scale outbreaks. | 2006 | 16971890 |
| asymptomatic circulation of hev71 in norway. | widespread circulation of human enterovirus 71 was discovered in a prospective study of fecal samples obtained from healthy norwegian children. molecular characterization of the virus determined that it belonged to genotype c1. complete sequencing of this strain, hev71 804/no/03, revealed differences in the 5'utr and polymerase with respect to more pathogenic genotypes that may explain its reduced neurovirulence. | 2007 | 16965832 |
| high prevalence of human enterovirus a infections in natural circulation of human enteroviruses. | human enterovirus (hev) infections can be asymptomatic or cause only mild illness; recent evidence may implicate hev infection in type 1 diabetes mellitus and myocarditis. here, we report the molecular characterization of hev obtained in serial monthly collections from healthy norwegian infants. a total of 1,255 fecal samples were collected from 113 healthy infants beginning at age 3 months and continuing to 28 months. the samples were analyzed for hev nucleic acid by real-time pcr. fifty-eight ... | 2006 | 16943351 |
| status of cellular rather than humoral immunity is correlated with clinical outcome of enterovirus 71. | we valuated specific cellular and humoral immune response of cases of enterovirus 71 (ev71) infection and correlated immune response with clinical outcome. after obtaining informed consent, we enrolled 30 ev71 cases including 7 cases with brainstem encephalitis plus pulmonary edema, 12 cases of cns (cns) involvement and 11 uncomplicated cases. we measured antibodies specific to ev71, lymphocyte proliferation response and ev71-stimulated cellular response of th1/th2 cytokines and chemokines. the ... | 2006 | 16940249 |
| phylogenetic evidence for inter-typic recombination in the emergence of human enterovirus 71 subgenotypes. | human enterovirus 71 (ev-71) is a common causative agent of hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd). in recent years, the virus has caused several outbreaks with high numbers of deaths and severe neurological complications. several new ev-71 subgenotypes were identified from these outbreaks. the mechanisms that contributed to the emergence of these subgenotypes are unknown. | 2006 | 16939656 |
| comparison of heart failure in children with enterovirus 71 rhombencephalitis and cats with norepinephrine cardiotoxicity. | the mechanism of heart failure in patients with enterovirus 71 rhombencephalitis (brain stem encephalitis) remains unknown. our previous reports hypothesized that a catecholamine storm induced by rhombencephalitis may account for the heart failure. the aim of this study was to develop a novel feline model of norepinephrine cardiotoxicity and compare the resulting heart failure to that in children with enterovirus 71 rhombencephalitis. nine of 75 children (12%) with enterovirus 71 rhombencephalit ... | 2006 | 16933070 |
| high immunogenic enterovirus 71 strain and its production using serum-free microcarrier vero cell culture. | developing an effective vaccine against enterovirus 71 (ev71) infection provides the best means to control the disease. we have previously reported that large-scale preparation of a low immunogenic ev71 strain can be achieved using serum free microcarrier vero cell culture in a 2-l bioreactor [wu sc, liu cc, lian wc. optimization of microcarrier cell culture process for the inactivated enterovirus type 71 vaccine development. vaccine 2004;22:3858-64]. this present work further investigated the v ... | 2007 | 16919374 |
| genetic diversity of enterovirus 71 associated with hand, foot and mouth disease epidemics in japan from 1983 to 2003. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) is one of the major etiologic agents of hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd). the surveillance data indicate that ev71 infection follows an epidemic mode of transmission, causing large outbreaks and then becoming quiescent for a few years. | 2006 | 16874167 |
| structure of the virus capsid protein vp1 of enterovirus 71 predicted by some homology modeling and molecular docking studies. | the homology modeling technique has been used to construct the structure of enterovirus 71 (ev 71) capsid protein vp1. the protein is consisted of 297 amino acid residues and treated as the target. the amino acid sequence identity between the target protein and sequences of template proteins 1eah, 1piv, and 1d4m searched from ncbi protein blast and workbench protein tools were 38, 37, and 36%, respectively. based on these template structures, the protein model was constructed by using the insigh ... | 2006 | 16868986 |
| modulation of cytokine production by intravenous immunoglobulin in patients with enterovirus 71-associated brainstem encephalitis. | several epidemics of enterovirus 71 (ev71) infections occurred in taiwan since 1998. | 2006 | 16861032 |
| modeling the ligand-receptor interaction for a series of inhibitors of the capsid protein of enterovirus 71 using several three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship techniques. | the structure of enterovirus 71 (ev71) capsid protein vp1 has been constructed by using homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulation techniques. the ligand structures were a series of ev71 vp1 inhibitors synthesized by shia et al. in 2002 and chern et al. in 2004. the training set was selected by the volsurf4.1/pca program and the ic50 values varied from 0.06 to 10.83 microm. then, the training set was analyzed by the following three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationshi ... | 2006 | 16854057 |
| molecular typing of enteroviruses associated with viral meningitis in cyprus, 2000-2002. | human enteroviruses are responsible for a wide spectrum of clinical diseases affecting many different organ systems. although infection is usually asymptomatic, infections of the central nervous system manifested as meningitis or encephalitis can pose a serious public health problem, especially during outbreaks. in this study, samples from 218 patients diagnosed with enteroviral meningitis between january 2000 and december 2002 were analysed in order to assess the epidemiology of human enterovir ... | 2006 | 16849723 |
| effects of ozone exposure on inactivation of intra- and extracellular enterovirus 71. | in this study, the potential of ozone in inactivating enterovirus 71 (ev71) free particles was investigated using either various ozone flow rates of 100, 80 or 60 mg/h or a constant flow rate of 80 mg/h, given to culture medium or various ph culture media containing ev71, respectively. results demonstrated that ev71 inactivation by ozone was related to the kinetics of ozone solubility, approximately 99% inactivation being obtained in the exponential phase of ozone solubility. however, the inacti ... | 2006 | 16838411 |
| sentinel surveillance for human enterovirus 71 in sarawak, malaysia: lessons from the first 7 years. | a major outbreak of human enterovirus 71-associated hand, foot and mouth disease in sarawak in 1997 marked the beginning of a series of outbreaks in the asia pacific region. some of these outbreaks had unusually high numbers of fatalities and this generated much fear and anxiety in the region. | 2006 | 16827926 |
| protection of neonatal mice from lethal enterovirus 71 infection by maternal immunization with attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium expressing vp1 of enterovirus 71. | this study describes the potential use of attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strains to express and deliver vp1 of enterovirus 71 (ev71) as a vaccination strategy to prevent ev71 infection in mice. when orally administered to balb/c mice, both attenuated carrier strains, cnp101 and sl7207, were able to efficiently invade livers and spleens, while only the virulence plasmid-carrying strain sl7207 persisted for more than 30 days in these organs. a recombinant in vivo-regulated prom ... | 2006 | 16815726 |
| recombinant newcastle disease virus capsids displaying enterovirus 71 vp1 fragment induce a strong immune response in rabbits. | the complete vp1 protein of ev71 was truncated into six segments and fused to the c-terminal ends of full-length nucleocapsid protein (npfl) and truncated np (npt; lacks 20% amino acid residues from its c-terminal end) of newcastle disease virus (ndv). western blot analysis using anti-vp1 rabbit serum showed that the n-terminal region of the vp1 protein contains a major antigenic region. the recombinant proteins carrying the truncated vp1 protein, vp1(1-100), were expressed most efficiently in e ... | 2006 | 16789020 |
| combining multiplex reverse transcription-pcr and a diagnostic microarray to detect and differentiate enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus a16. | cluster a enteroviruses, including enterovirus 71 (ev71) and coxsackievirus a16 (ca16), are known to cause hand-foot-and-mouth disease (hfmd). despite the close genetic relationship between these two viruses, ev71 is generally known to be a more perpetuating pathogen involved in severe clinical manifestations and deaths. while the serotyping of enteroviruses is mostly done by conventional immunological methods, many clinical isolates remain unclassifiable due to the limited number of antibodies ... | 2006 | 16757623 |
| polioviruses and other enteroviruses isolated from faecal samples of patients with acute flaccid paralysis in australia, 1996-2004. | acute flaccid paralysis (afp) is the most common clinical presentation of acute poliovirus infection, occurring in 0.1-1% of infected cases. afp surveillance has been used world-wide to monitor the control and eradication of circulating wild poliovirus. this study aims to review the significance of all enteroviruses, including polioviruses, isolated from patients with afp in australia between 1996 and 2004. | 2006 | 16737480 |
| percutaneous cardiopulmonary support in a child with enterovirus 71 encephalitis. | 2006 | 16732804 | |
| critical management in patients with severe enterovirus 71 infection. | the aim of this study was to analyze clinical details occurring in children with severe enterovirus 71 (ev71) infection and synthesize the critical care experience for patients with severe ev71 infection. | 2006 | 16732789 |
| [isolation and sequencing of vp1 region of enterovirus 71 strains in zhejiang, china]. | to study the gene characterization of enterovirus 71 (ev71) virus strains isolated from clinical specimens of children with hand-foot-and-mouth disease (hfmd) in zhejiang province. | 2005 | 16676593 |
| enterovirus 71 infection induces fas ligand expression and apoptosis of jurkat cells. | t-cell depletion is found in enterovirus 71 (ev71)-infected patients with pulmonary edema. however, the mechanism that causes t-cell depletion is unclear. to address this question, the effects of ev71 infection on the cell viability of human jurkat t cells were studied. viable viruses were recovered from both the culture supernatant and the cell lysate of jurkat cells after ev71 infection. results from reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and immunofluorescence assay confirme ... | 2006 | 16628611 |
| current status of anti-picornavirus therapies. | picornaviruses are important human pathogens causing severe morbidity and some mortality with the potential to cause worldwide crippling disease. currently, there are few treatments for many of the viruses in the picornaviridae, for rhinoviruses, there are no approved treatments, although ruprintrivir looks promising in clinical trials and pyridazinyl oxime ethers may prove useful. poliovirus treatments are needed to supplement the world health organization's polio eradication plan in order to t ... | 2006 | 16611122 |
| the vp1 protein of human enterovirus 71 self-associates via an interaction domain spanning amino acids 66-297. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) is a major etiological agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd). several recent outbreaks of hfmd in east asia were associated with neurological complications and numerous deaths. in 2000, an outbreak in singapore afflicted thousands of children, resulting in four fatal cases from whom ev71 was isolated. the virus possesses four structural proteins vp1, vp2, vp3, and vp4, each of which is involved in forming the pentameric icosahedral structure of the virus. here we re ... | 2006 | 16555287 |
| transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of rhabdomyosarcoma cells reveal differential cellular gene expression in response to enterovirus 71 infection. | insights into the host antiviral strategies as well as viral disease manifestations can be achieved through the elucidation of host- and virus-mediated transcriptional responses. an oligo-based microarray was employed to analyse mrnas from rhabdomyosarcoma cells infected with the ms/7423/87 strain of enterovirus 71 (ev71) at 20 h post infection. using acuity software and lowess normalization, 152 genes were found to be downregulated while 39 were upregulated by greater than twofold. altered tran ... | 2006 | 16548883 |
| expression, purification and characterization of enterovirus-71 virus-like particles. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) has been implicated as the etiological agent responsible for the recent outbreaks of hand, foot and mouth disease associated with severe neurological diseases in the asia-pacific region. | 2006 | 16521221 |
| microchip, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and culture methods to detect enterovirus infection in pediatric patients. | enterovirus infection usually presents with mild and self-limited illness in children. however, enterovirus type 71 can be characterized by neurotropism and may cause severe illness or even sudden death. early detection of the virus will allow a physician to provide intensive or aggressive intervention. the purpose of the present study was to compare sensitivity of two innovative laboratory methods, that is, the dr.ev microchip method (dr. chip biotechnology, shin-tsu, taiwan) and the reverse tr ... | 2006 | 16490062 |
| specific detection of enterovirus 71 directly from clinical specimens using real-time rt-pcr hybridization probe assay. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) is one of the main causative agents of hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd) in young children. infections caused by ev71 could lead to many complications, ranging from brainstem encephalitis to pulmonary oedema, resulting in high mortality. thus, rapid detection of the virus is required to enable measures to be implemented in preventing widespread transmission. based on primers and probes targeting at the vp1 region, a real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reactio ... | 2006 | 16460910 |
| oral immunization of mice using transgenic tomato fruit expressing vp1 protein from enterovirus 71. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) causes seasonal epidemics of hand-foot-and-mouth disease associated with fatal neurological complications in young children, and several major outbreaks have occurred recently. this study developed an effective antiviral agent by transforming the gene for vp1 protein, a previously defined epitope and also a coat protein of ev71, into tomato plant. vp1 protein was first fused with sorting signals to enable it to be retained in the endoplasmic reticulum of tomato plant, and i ... | 2006 | 16448730 |
| deaths in children during an outbreak of hand, foot and mouth disease in peninsular malaysia--clinical and pathological characteristics. | from july through december 1997, 11 previously healthy children in peninsular malaysia succumbed to an illness clinically characterised by an acute severe refractory left-ventricular failure, following a brief prodromal illness, in the midst of an outbreak of hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd), similar to the reported experience in sarawak and taiwan. retrospective reviews of the clinical features and results of laboratory, pathological and virological investigations of cases were conducted. th ... | 2005 | 16379183 |
| evolution of ev71 genogroup in taiwan from 1998 to 2005: an emerging of subgenogroup c4 of ev71. | in taiwan, enterovirus 71 (ev71) has played an important role in severe enterovirus-related cases every year since the devastating outbreak in 1998. three genogroups a, b, c occur worldwide; with the b and c genogroups being subdivided into b1-b4 and c1-c4 subgenogroups respectively. to understand the mutation of the ev71 genogroup in taiwan before and after 1998, a total of 54 worldwide strains were studied including 41 taiwanese strains obtained in 1986 and 1998-2004. a fragment of 207 bp of t ... | 2006 | 16372302 |
| molecular epidemiology of enterovirus 71 over two decades in an australian urban community. | enterovirus 71 (ev71), first isolated in 1969, has been responsible for numerous outbreaks of hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd) with a small proportion of cases associated with neurological disease. since 1997 there has been a significant increase in both the prevalence and virulence of ev71 in the asia-pacific region. we have examined the genetic diversity of ev71 in a large australian city (sydney n.s.w.) over a nineteen-year period. we determined the vp1 gene sequence of forty-eight ev71 st ... | 2006 | 16369861 |
| clinical features and factors of unfavorable outcomes for non-polio enterovirus infection of the central nervous system in northern taiwan, 1994-2003. | this study investigated the clinical manifestations and outcomes of central nervous system (cns) infection by enteroviruses. cases with cns involvement among all enterovirus-culture-positive cases from january 1995 to june 2003 were retrospectively reviewed. among 1028 enterovirus-culture-positive cases, there were 333 cases involving the cns. of these, the ratio of male to female subjects was 1.78, and the mean (+/- standard deviation) age was 6.83 +/- 5.9 years; 21 were premature neonates, and ... | 2005 | 16341342 |
| frequent importation of enterovirus 71 from surrounding countries into the local community of yamagata, japan, between 1998 and 2003. | phylogenetic analysis of 45 enterovirus 71 (ev71) isolates for 6 years in yamagata, japan, clarified that the annual outbreak of hand-foot-and-mouth disease was due to four genetically distinct subgenogroups, including a novel "b5." our results suggest that the importation of ev71 from surrounding countries has had a major epidemiological impact on the local community used in our study. | 2005 | 16333123 |
| type i interferons protect mice against enterovirus 71 infection. | in this study, the contribution of type i interferons (ifns) to protection against infection with enterovirus 71 (ev71) was investigated using a murine model where the virus was administrated to neonatal institute of cancer research (icr) mice by either the intraperitoneal (i.p.) or the oral route. in i.p. inoculated mice, post-infection treatment of dexamethasone (5 mg kg(-1) at 2 or 3 days after infection) exacerbated clinical symptoms and increased the tissue viral titre. in contrast, polyrib ... | 2005 | 16298971 |
| enteroviruses as agents of emerging infectious diseases. | although the enteroviruses as a group are ubiquitous and not normally considered as "emerging pathogens," the many different serotypes circulate at different frequencies in any given year and the prevalence of a given serotype may fluctuate wildly from year to year. as a result, several enterovirus serotypes have been associated with the emergence of specific diseases (for example, pandemic acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis) and specific serotypes have emerged to cause outbreaks of major public h ... | 2005 | 16287683 |
| miniature rt-pcr system for diagnosis of rna-based viruses. | this paper presents an innovative portable chip-based rt-pcr system for amplification of specific nucleic acid and detection of rna-based viruses. the miniature rt-pcr chip is fabricated using mems (micro-electro-mechanical-system) techniques, and comprises a micro temperature control module and a pdms (polydimethylsiloxane)-based microfluidic control module. the heating and sensing elements of temperature control module are both made of platinum and are located within the reaction chambers in o ... | 2005 | 16221971 |
| enterovirus 71 infection induces apoptosis in vero cells. | the effects of enterovirus 71 (hev71) infection on african green monkey kidney cells (vero) were investigated. it was found that the infected cells showed progressive cellular morphological changes characteristic in apoptotic cells within 10 hours post-infection. the number of apoptotic cells correlated significantly with the number of hev71 antigen positive cells when cells were labeled using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (tdt)-mediated dutp nick-end labeling (tunel) and stained for hev ... | 2003 | 16196375 |
| [detection of enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus a16 from children with hand, foot and mouth disease in shanghai, 2002]. | it was noticed that coxsackievirus a16 (ca16) and enterovirus 71 (ev71) were two major etiological agents of hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd) in children. recently there were several large outbreaks of hfmd in the asia-pacific region, and there was a propensity to cause severe complications or death in children under 5 years of age. the severe forms were associated with ev71 infection. although epidemics of hfmd have been reported in the mainland of china, few reports about ev71 as the pathog ... | 2005 | 16191294 |
| revealing molecular targets for enterovirus type 71 detection by profile hidden markov models. | the enterovirus infection in 1998 claimed 78 deaths in taiwan, with an average of 40 fatalities each year after. traditional serum-based diagnostic methods often fail to detect enteroviruses due to antigenic changes. as a result, many isolates remain untyped and are absent from the enterovirus surveillance and epidemiological investigations. we present a profile hidden markov model (hmm) method for molecular typing of enterovirus 71 (ev71). based on the enteroviral sequences retrieved from genba ... | 2005 | 16175339 |
| antiviral activities of extracts and selected pure constituents of ocimum basilicum. | 1. ocimum basilicum (ob), also known as sweet basil, is a well known medicinal herb in traditional chinese medicine preparations. in the present study, extracts and purified components of ob were used to identify possible antiviral activities against dna viruses (herpes viruses (hsv), adenoviruses (adv) and hepatitis b virus) and rna viruses (coxsackievirus b1 (cvb1) and enterovirus 71 (ev71)). 2. the results show that crude aqueous and ethanolic extracts of ob and selected purified components, ... | 2005 | 16173941 |
| phosphorylation of pi3k/akt and mapk/erk in an early entry step of enterovirus 71. | viruses have been known to subvert the anti-apoptotic pathways of the host cell in order to delay apoptosis. however, the mechanisms utilized by enterovirus 71 (ev71) to mediate anti-apoptotic activity remained undetermined. we observed that ev71 infection induced an early activation of both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi3k)/akt and mapk/erk signaling pathways. the activity of gsk3beta, a downstream target of these pathways, was negatively regulated by the activation of both mapk/erk and pi3k ... | 2005 | 16150462 |
| human enterovirus 71 subgenotype b3 lacks coxsackievirus a16-like neurovirulence in mice infection. | at least three different ev-71 subgenotypes were identified from an outbreak in malaysia in 1998. the subgenotypes c2 and b4 were associated with the severe and fatal infections, whereas the b3 virus was associated with mild to subclinical infections. the b3 virus genome sequences had >= 85% similarity at the 3' end to cv-a16. this offers opportunities to examine if there are characteristic similarities and differences in virulence between cv-a16, ev-71 b3 and ev-71 b4 and to determine if the pr ... | 2005 | 16122396 |
| virucidal activity of virkon s on human enterovirus. | the efficacy of virkon s, a commercial disinfectant as a virucidal spray against human enterovirus 71 (hev71), the causative agent of the fatal form of hand, foot and mouth disease was examined. at least one log10 reduction of hev71 titer was achieved when one spray of virkon (1% or 2%) with ten minutes of contact time was applied. the infectivity was completely lost when four sprays of 1% or 2% virkon were applied, suggesting that at least four sprays of 1% virkon to the surface bound hev71 was ... | 2005 | 16114171 |
| [laboratory diagnosis for enterovirus 71 infection]. | 2005 | 16111282 | |
| rna interference against enterovirus 71 infection. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) is a highly infectious major causative agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd) which could lead to severe neurological complications. there is currently no effective therapy against ev71. in this study, rna interference (rnai) is employed as a therapeutic approach for specific viral inhibition. various regions of the ev71 genome were targeted for inhibition by chemically synthesized sirnas. transfection of rhabdomyosarcoma (rd) cells with sirna targeting the 3'utr, 2c ... | 2005 | 16083932 |
| genetic characteristics of human enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus a16 circulating from 1999 to 2004 in shenzhen, people's republic of china. | the genetic and phylogenetic characteristics of human enterovirus 71 (ev71) and coxsackievirus a16 (ca16) sampled from children with hand, foot, and mouth disease in shenzhen, people's republic of china, over a 6-year period (1999 to 2004) were examined with reverse transcription-pcr and dna sequencing. out of 147 stool specimens, 60 showed positive signals when screened with ev71- and ca16-specific primers. ev71 was identified in 19 specimens, and ca16 was identified in 41 specimens; coinfectio ... | 2005 | 16081920 |
| [pay close attention to human enterovirus 71 infection]. | 2005 | 16053728 | |
| lactoferrin inhibits enterovirus 71 infection by binding to vp1 protein and host cells. | the antiviral activities of bovine lactoferrin (lf) against enterovirus 71 (ev71) were studied both in vitro and in vivo. lf protected both human rhabdomyosarcoma and neuroblastoma sk-n-sh cell lines from ev71 infection when it was added at the same time, before, or within 30min after ev71 infection. using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based binding assay and indirect fluorescent stain, we found that lf could bind to the target cells. furthermore, it was found that lf could bind to the vp1 p ... | 2005 | 15916817 |
| inhibition of cellular protein secretion by picornaviral 3a proteins. | during poliovirus infection, anterograde traffic between the endoplasmic reticulum and the golgi is inhibited due to the action of 3a, an 87 amino acid viral protein. the ability of poliovirus protein 3a to inhibit er-to-golgi traffic is not required for virus growth. instead, we have suggested that the inhibition of host protein secretion, shown to reduce the secretion of interferon-beta, il-6, and il-8 and the expression of both newly synthesized mhc class i and tnf receptor in the plasma memb ... | 2005 | 15914217 |
| design, synthesis, and antipicornavirus activity of 1-[5-(4-arylphenoxy)alkyl]-3-pyridin-4-ylimidazolidin-2-one derivatives. | a series of pyridylimidazolidinone derivatives was synthesized and tested in vitro against enterovirus 71 (ev71). on the basis of compound 33 (dbpr103), introduction of a methyl group at the 2- or 3-position of the linker between the imidazolidinone and the biphenyl resulted in markedly improved antiviral activity toward ev71 with ic(50) values of 5.0 nm (24b) and 9.3 nm (14a), respectively. increasing the branched chain to propyl resulted in a progressive decrease in activity, while inserting d ... | 2005 | 15887961 |
| molecular and seroepidemiologic studies of enterovirus 71 infection in the state of para, brazil. | in many countries, the enterovirus 71 (ev-71) picornaviridae family is associated to hand, foot and mouth disease in addition to acute neurological diseases while in brazil these viruses are more closely associated to the latter group. the aim of this research was to use the first ev-71 isolate of the northern region of brazil in molecular and seroepidemiologic studies. two (2.2%) out of 88 stool samples (44 cases of afp), collected from january 1998 to december 2000 were positive for ev-71 isol ... | 2005 | 15880216 |
| cerebral infarction associated with possible enteroviral infection in an infant. | enterovirus infection has been rarely reported to cause cerebral infarction in infants. we describe a 2-month-old boy with right focal seizure and right hemiparesis associated with enterovirus infection during an epidemic of enterovirus 71 infection in taiwan in 1998. magnetic resonance imaging and angiography showed vasculitis in the left anterior cerebral artery with cerebral infarction. in the unclarified pathogenesis of cerebral disease in enterovirus infection, this case suggests focal vasc ... | 2004 | 15868815 |
| human enterovirus isolates from an outbreak typed using heteroduplex mobility analysis. | genotyping and serotyping of enteroviruses is important for epidemiological, prognostic, and therapeutic reasons. in this study clinical isolates of enterovirus 71 during an outbreak of childhood meningoencephalitis in sydney, australia were identified using heteroduplex mobility analysis (hma) of products from rt-pcr amplification of the 5' untranslated region. five enterovirus 71 isolates shared identical heteroduplex patterns and nucleotide sequences in the 5' untranslated region. a sixth iso ... | 2005 | 15834872 |
| temperature-sensitive mutants of enterovirus 71 show attenuation in cynomolgus monkeys. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) is one of the major causative agents of hand, foot and mouth disease and is sometimes associated with serious neurological disorders. in this study, an attempt was made to identify molecular determinants of ev71 attenuation of neurovirulence in a monkey infection model. an infectious cdna clone of the virulent strain of ev71 prototype brcr was constructed; temperature-sensitive (ts) mutations of an attenuated strain of ev71 or of poliovirus (pv) sabin vaccine strains were t ... | 2005 | 15831951 |
| high-efficiency protein expression mediated by enterovirus 71 internal ribosome entry site. | an internal ribosome entry site (ires) has been used to facilitate the expression of more than one protein in a single transcript. in this study, we examined the translational activities of several ires elements derived from different rna viruses. the protein expression of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) ires is similar to that of hepatitis c virus (hcv) ires in mammalian cells. notably, the protein expression of enterovirus 71 (ev71) ires was 23-fold higher than the efficiency of emcv ires fo ... | 2005 | 15818561 |
| predictors of unfavorable outcomes in enterovirus 71-related cardiopulmonary failure in children. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) can sometimes cause fatal or disabling diseases in children; therefore ev71-infected children with cardiopulmonary failure were investigated at chang gung children's hospital to discover the prognostic predictors. | 2005 | 15818293 |
| diverse apoptotic pathways in enterovirus 71-infected cells. | mechanisms related to the neuropathogenesis of enterovirus 71 infection remain unclear. this investigation conducts a comprehensive study of the apoptotic pathways in neural and non-neural cells following enterovirus 71 infection. infections with enterovirus 71 not only induce classical cytopathic effects in sf268 (human glioblastoma), sk-n-mc (human neuroblastoma), rd, and vero cells, but also induce classic signs of apoptosis in all cells, including dna fragmentation and phosphatidylserine tra ... | 2004 | 15765805 |
| laboratory acute flaccid paralysis surveillance in malaysia: a decade of commitment to the who global polio eradication initiative. | the institute for medical research, malaysia, was designated the national reference laboratory for poliomyelitis eradication (nrlpe) in 1992. since then, our polio laboratory has collaborated actively with the disease control division, ministry of health (moh), malaysia and who towards achieving polio eradication. since 1992, the nrlpe has investigated 1,063 stool specimens from 641 acute flaccidparalysis (afp) cases. one hundred and one enteroviruses were isolated from these specimens. positive ... | 2004 | 15691149 |
| hand-foot-and-mouth disease in calicut. | hand-foot-and-mouth disease (hfmd) is a mild exanthematous illness seen worldwide, affecting mainly children under ten years of age. the causative agents were initially coxsackie virus type a 16 and related serotypes. the situation changed drastically about thirty years ago with the advent of a new aetiological agent, enterovirus type 71 (ev 71), which has caused very large outbreaks with severe complications and many deaths. | 2005 | 15684442 |
| [phylogenetic analysis of enterovirus 71 isolated from patients with hand, foot and mouth disease in guangdong and fujian provinces, 2000-2001]. | to identify enterovirus 71 (ev71) strains isolated from patients with hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd) in guangdong and fujian provinces from 2000 to 2001 by using phylogenetic analysis. | 2004 | 15640854 |
| therapeutic efficacy of milrinone in the management of enterovirus 71-induced pulmonary edema. | hand, foot, and mouth disease and herpangina are the major clinical manifestations of enterovirus 71 (ev71) infections. brain-stem encephalitis and pulmonary edema are severe complications that can lead to death. this study was designed to evaluate the potential therapeutic effect of milrinone, a phosphodiesterase (pde) inhibitor, in the treatment of patients with ev71-induced pulmonary edema. we conducted a historically controlled trial of 24 children with severe ev71-induced pulmonary edema fr ... | 2005 | 15635619 |
| cell surface display system for lactococcus lactis: a novel development for oral vaccine. | the food-grade lactococcus lactis is a potential vector to be used as a live vehicle for the delivery of heterologous proteins for vaccine and pharmaceutical purposes. we constructed a plasmid vector psvac that harbors a 255-bp single-repeat sequence of the cell wall-binding protein region of the acma protein. the recombinant plasmid was transformed into escherichia coli and expression of the gene fragment was driven by the t7 promoter of the plasmid. sds-page showed the presence of the putative ... | 2005 | 15635459 |
| [study on enterovirus aetiology of cns infection in shantou]. | enterovirus isolation and serological assay were done in 236 cases of cns infection in shantou. 62 strains of virus (from 55 cases) were isolated from 257 samples of 236 cases (24.1%). 48 cases were positive among 57 cases (84.2%) by serological assay. 78 cases were positive for virus isolation and/or serological assay (33.1%). virus infection included 33 cases of poliovirus (including 6 polio-i, 18 polio-ii, 4 polio-iii, 5 mixed infections), 21 cases of coxsackie virus (including 6 coxa24,7 cox ... | 1997 | 15619830 |
| epidemiologic features of kawasaki disease in taiwan, 1996-2002. | kawasaki disease (kd) is the most common acquired heart disease in children worldwide. the incidence of kd varies among different countries, with asian countries supposedly having higher incidences than western countries. however, the incidence of kd in taiwan has not been well investigated. | 2004 | 15574600 |
| annual report of the australian national poliovirus reference laboratory, 2003. | the australian national poliovirus reference laboratory was established in late 1994, as part of australia's commitment to the world health organization's (who) polio eradication program. the laboratory continues to play a pivotal role in maintaining australia's polio-free status through surveillance for cases of acute flaccid paralysis (afp), the main clinical presentation of poliomyelitis, and the testing of specimens from these cases. the annual notification rate for eligible cases of afp in ... | 2004 | 15574057 |
| comparison of enterovirus 71 (e71) isolated from a patient with hand-foot-and-mouth disease in china to prototype e71 brcr strain by polymerase chain reaction using a unique primer pair. | 1993 | 15566727 |