Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| development of an immunochromatographic assay specifically detecting pandemic h1n1 (2009) influenza virus. | the pandemic caused by a new type of influenza virus, pandemic h1n1 (2009) influenza virus a (ah1pdm), has had a major worldwide impact. since hemagglutinin (ha) genes are among the most specific genes in the influenza virus genome, ah1pdm can be definitively diagnosed by viral gene analysis targeting the ha genes. this type of analysis, however, cannot be easily performed in clinical settings. while commercially available rapid diagnosis kits (rdks) based on immunochromatography can be used to ... | 2010 | 20071549 |
| t cell responses of hiv-infected children after administration of inactivated or live attenuated influenza vaccines. | live-attenuated influenza vaccine (laiv) prevents significantly more cases of influenza in immune-competent children than the trivalent inactivated vaccine (tiv). we compared the t cell responses to laiv or tiv in hiv-infected children. ifn-gamma-elispot for the three vaccine-contained influenza strains, two mismatched strains, and phytohemagglutinin (pha), was performed at 0, 4, and 24 weeks postimmunization in 175 hiv-infected children randomly assigned to laiv or tiv. the contribution of cd8 ... | 2010 | 20059397 |
| broad-spectrum antiviral effect of agrimonia pilosa extract on influenza viruses. | influenza virus continues to emerge and re-emerge, posing new threats for humans. here we tested various korean medicinal plant extracts for potential antiviral activity against influenza viruses. among them, an extract of agrimonia pilosa was shown to be highly effective against all three subtypes of human influenza viruses including h1n1 and h3n2 influenza a subtypes and influenza b virus. the ec(50) value against influenza a virus, as tested by the plaque reduction assay on mdck cells, was 14 ... | 2010 | 20055938 |
| influenza virus infection among pediatric patients reporting diarrhea and influenza-like illness. | influenza is a major cause of morbidity and hospitalization among children. while less often reported in adults, gastrointestinal symptoms have been associated with influenza in children, including abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. | 2010 | 20053294 |
| [new betulin derivatives in combination with rimantadine for inhibition of influenza virus reproduction]. | the preliminary studies mainly revealed comparable inhibition activities of 3-oxime of betulonic acid, 3beta-o-acetyl-28-o-hemiphthalate of betulin and 3,28-dioxime of betulin against reproduction of influenza viruses a (h1n1), a (h7n1), a (h3n2) and b, as well as against the strains of influenza virus a (h1n1) with intrinsic resistance to rimantadine and a (h7n1) with acquired resistance to the drug. the level of the activity depended on the system used for the virus reproduction. the highest l ... | 2009 | 20052912 |
| laninamivir prodrug cs-8958, a long-acting neuraminidase inhibitor, shows superior anti-influenza virus activity after a single administration. | two neuraminidase (na) inhibitors, zanamivir (relenza) and oseltamivir phosphate (tamiflu), have been licensed for use for the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza. we have reported on laninamivir (code name, r-125489), a novel neuraminidase inhibitor, and have discovered that the laninamivir prodrug cs-8958 worked as a long-acting neuraminidase inhibitor in a mouse influenza virus infection model when it is intranasally administered. in this study, cs-8958 was administered just once 7 days be ... | 2010 | 20047917 |
| high proportion of influenza b characterises the 2008 influenza season in victoria. | the 2008 influenza season in victoria was distinctive because of the increased proportion of influenza-like illness (ili) cases due to influenza b infection and the lateness of the season compared with preceding years. influenza activity fell within the bounds of normal seasonal activity thresholds. the average rate of ili reported by general practitioners participating in sentinel surveillance was 5.5 cases per 1,000 consultations, peaking at 13.4 cases per 1,000 consultations. the average ili ... | 2009 | 20043604 |
| decreased t-cell responses to influenza vaccination in patients with heart failure. | to determine whether t-cell immune responses to influenza vaccination in patients with chronic heart failure (chf) are less vigorous than the responses of healthy control subjects. | 2010 | 20030468 |
| congenital eye malformations associated with extensive periocular neural crest apoptosis after influenza b virus infection during early embryogenesis. | congenital eye malformations are a leading cause of blindness in children. influenza virus infections prevail worldwide and have been implicated in congenital defects. infections acquired during gestation may disrupt eye morphogenesis. we investigated the effects of influenza b virus infection on eye malformations during early embryogenesis. | 2009 | 20029647 |
| a simple slot blot for the detection of virtually all subtypes of the influenza a viral hemagglutinins using universal antibodies targeting the fusion peptide. | the fusion peptide of influenza virus hemagglutinin (ha) has a critical role in mediating the entry of the virus into the cells and is also the only universally conserved sequence in the has of all strains of influenza a and influenza b viruses. therefore, it could be an attractive target for new vaccine development and a potency marker for existing influenza vaccines. the fusion peptide epitope is hidden inside the ha proteins, making it inaccessible for quantitative antibody binding. our simpl ... | 2010 | 20010723 |
| pb2 and pa genes control the expression of the temperature-sensitive phenotype of cold-adapted b/ussr/60/69 influenza master donor virus. | the cold-adapted (ca) and temperature-sensitive (ts) influenza master donor virus (mdv) b/ussr/60/69 was derived from its wild-type parental virus after successive passages in eggs at 32 degrees c and 25 degrees c. this strain is currently in use for preparing reassortant influenza b vaccine viruses which are used in the russian trivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine. vaccine viruses are obtained by classical reassortment of mdv and a currently circulating wild-type virus. the phenotypic pr ... | 2010 | 20007357 |
| epidemiological, antigenic and genetic characteristics of seasonal influenza a(h1n1), a(h3n2) and b influenza viruses: basis for the who recommendation on the composition of influenza vaccines for use in the 2009-2010 northern hemisphere season. | influenza vaccines form an important component of the global response against infections and subsequent illness caused in man by influenza viruses. twice a year, in february and september, the world health organisation through its global influenza surveillance network (gisn), recommends appropriate influenza viruses to be included in the seasonal influenza vaccine for the upcoming northern and southern hemisphere winters. this recommendation is based on the latest data generated from many source ... | 2010 | 20004635 |
| efficacy of live attenuated influenza vaccine in children against influenza b viruses by lineage and antigenic similarity. | seasonal influenza vaccines, including live attenuated influenza vaccine (laiv), contain three vaccine strains (two type a and one type b). ideally, the hemagglutinin antigens of the recommended vaccine strains are antigenically similar to epidemic wild-type strains; in actuality, the antigenic match between circulating and vaccine strains each year can vary significantly owing to intermittent genetic reassortment and continuous antigenic drift. for influenza b, antigenic relatedness is further ... | 2010 | 20003926 |
| double dose. two flu vaccines on tap this season. | 2009 | 20000163 | |
| direct multiplex reverse transcription-nested pcr detection of influenza viruses without rna purification. | this paper describes the development a of direct multiplex reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method, devised for simultaneous detection and typing of influenza viruses. this method combines the direct reverse transcription reaction without rna purification with the enhancement of sensitivity and specificity of nested pcr. the method successfully detected three major human influenza viruses: influenza virus a subtype 1 (h1n1) and subtype 3 (h3n2), and influenza b virus ... | 2009 | 19996703 |
| development of a rapid automated influenza a, influenza b, and respiratory syncytial virus a/b multiplex real-time rt-pcr assay and its use during the 2009 h1n1 swine-origin influenza virus epidemic in milwaukee, wisconsin. | rapid, semiautomated, and fully automated multiplex real-time rt-pcr assays were developed and validated for the detection of influenza (flu) a, flu b, and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) from nasopharyngeal specimens. the assays can detect human h1n1, h3n2, and swine-origin (s-oiv) h1n1 flu a viruses and were effectively used to distinguish flu a infections (of all subtypes) from flu b and rsv infections during the current s-oiv outbreak in milwaukee, wi. the analytical limits of detection we ... | 2010 | 19959800 |
| atypical bacteria in adenoids and tonsils of children requiring adenotonsillectomy. | the results of this study suggest that atypical bacteria may be involved not only in acute upper airway diseases but also in recurrent infections requiring adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy. therefore, their identification, followed by an appropriate treatment, should be considered. | 2010 | 19958241 |
| [safety and immunogenicity on three lots of influenza split vaccines among adults]. | to evaluate the immunogenicity, safety and stability of the manufacture process regarding three consecutive lots of influenza split vaccines (anflu). | 2009 | 19957624 |
| flu bm2 structure and function. | 2009 | 19956205 | |
| influenza b virus causes milder pathogenesis and weaker inflammatory responses in ferrets than influenza a virus. | abstract it is unknown why the influenza b virus causes less severe clinical signs than the influenza a virus in humans. here we show that influenza b virus induces a lower levels of inflammatory cytokines in the lungs of infected ferrets, and causes less pathological damage to their lung tissues than does influenza a virus. the copy numbers of inflammatory cytokine genes, such as tnf-alpha and ifn-alpha, was significantly lower in the lungs of ferrets infected with influenza b virus than in tho ... | 2009 | 19951179 |
| passage in egg culture is a major cause of apparent positive selection in influenza b hemagglutinin. | several studies have identified residues apparently under positive selection in influenza b virus hemagglutinin. host immune evasion is the main mechanism proposed to exert this selection pressure. however, these reports have not considered the culture history of the strains used to calculate positive selection. this article shows that passage of influenza b virus through egg culture is a strong contributory factor to the strength and statistical significance of positive selection on hemagglutin ... | 2010 | 19950248 |
| clinical performance of a rapid influenza test and comparison of nasal versus throat swabs to detect 2009 pandemic influenza a (h1n1) infection in thai children. | we identified febrile pediatric outpatients seeking care for influenza like illness in bangkok. two nasal and 1 throat swab were tested using the quickvue a+b rapid influenza kit and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. among 142 pandemic influenza a (h1n1)-positive patients, the quickvue test identified 89 positive tests for a sensitivity of 62.7% (95% confidence interval [ci]: 54.7-70.6). specificity was 99.2% (95% ci: 98-100). in the 0 to 2 years age group, sensitivity was 76.7% ( ... | 2010 | 19949356 |
| oseltamivir resistance and the h274y neuraminidase mutation in seasonal, pandemic and highly pathogenic influenza viruses. | along with influenza vaccines, the world is currently almost completely dependent on two licensed drugs for the treatment or prevention of seasonal (influenza a and b viruses) and pandemic influenza (influenza a viruses). these drugs - oseltamivir (tamiflu) and zanamivir (relenza) - are classified as neuraminidase inhibitors (nais) because they act by inhibiting one of the key surface proteins of the influenza virus, the neuraminidase, which in turn reduces the ability of the virus to infect oth ... | 2009 | 19943705 |
| influenza-attributable mortality in australians aged more than 50 years: a comparison of different modelling approaches. | this study aimed to compare systematically approaches to estimating influenza-attributable mortality in older australians. using monthly age-specific death data together with viral surveillance counts for influenza and respiratory syncytial virus, we explored two of the most frequently used methods of estimating excess influenza-attributable disease: poisson and serfling regression models. these approaches produced consistent age and temporal patterns in estimates of influenza-attributable morta ... | 2010 | 19941685 |
| incidence, seasonality and mortality associated with influenza pneumonia in thailand: 2005-2008. | data on the incidence, seasonality and mortality associated with influenza in subtropical low and middle income countries are limited. prospective data from multiple years are needed to develop vaccine policy and treatment guidelines, and improve pandemic preparedness. | 2009 | 19936224 |
| protocol: transmission and prevention of influenza in hutterites: zoonotic transmission of influenza a: swine & swine workers. | among swine, reassortment of influenza virus genes from birds, pigs, and humans could generate influenza viruses with pandemic potential. humans with acute infection might also be a source of infection for swine production units. this article describes the study design and methods being used to assess influenza a transmission between swine workers and pigs. we hypothesize that transmission of swine influenza viruses to humans, transmission of human influenza viruses to swine, and reassortment of ... | 2009 | 19922661 |
| understanding influenza virus-specific epidemiological properties by analysis of experimental human infections. | this study aimed to estimate the natural history and transmission parameters based on experimental viral shedding and symptom dynamics in order to understand the key epidemiological factors that characterize influenza (sub)type epidemics. a simple statistical algorithm was developed by combining a well-defined mathematical scheme of epidemiological determinants and experimental human influenza infection. here we showed that (i) the observed viral shedding dynamics mapped successfully the estimat ... | 2010 | 19919730 |
| detection of influenza a and b neutralizing antibodies in vaccinated ferrets and macaques using specific biotin-streptavidin conjugated antibodies. | several critical factors of an influenza microneutralization assay, utilizing a rapid biotin-streptavidin conjugated system for detecting influenza virus subtypes a and b, are addressed within this manuscript. factors such as incubation times, amount of virus, cell seeding, sonication, and tpck trypsin were evaluated for their ability to affect influenza virus neutralization in a microplate-based neutralization assay using madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells. it is apparent that the amount of ... | 2010 | 19913054 |
| influenza b-associated rhabdomyolysis in taiwanese children. | influenza b-associated rhabdomyolysis (ibar) is an infrequent and little-known complication of influenza b virus infection in children. diagnosis is usually made based on clinical history, the presence of influenza in the community and detection of virus in nasopharyngeal specimens. the aim of this study was to describe the clinical and laboratory manifestations, complications and outcomes of ibar in taiwanese children. | 2010 | 19912140 |
| efficacy of inactivated split-virus influenza vaccine against culture-confirmed influenza in healthy adults: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. | a new trivalent inactivated split-virus influenza vaccine (tiv) was recently introduced in the united states. we assessed the efficacy of tiv against culture-confirmed influenza a and/or b. | 2009 | 19909082 |
| pediatric influenza-associated myositis - nebraska, 2001-2007. | influenza-associated myositis (iam), characterized by severe lower-extremity myalgia and reluctance to walk, is a complication of influenza among children. we investigated iam in nebraska during six influenza seasons, 2001-2007. | 2009 | 19903210 |
| concomitant administration of seasonal trivalent and pandemic monovalent h1n1 live attenuated influenza vaccines. | 2009 | 19903206 | |
| baculovirus-mediated bispecific short-hairpin small-interfering rnas have remarkable ability to cope with both influenza viruses a and b. | influenza viruses a and b cause widespread infections of the human respiratory tract; however, existing vaccines and drug therapy are of limited value for their treatment. here, we show that bispecific short-hairpin small-interfering rna constructs containing an 8-nucleotide intervening spacer, targeted against influenza virus a or influenza virus b, can inhibit the production of both types of virus in infected cell lines. this multiple vector showed remarkable ability to cope with both influenz ... | 2009 | 19899951 |
| influenza virus b-associated hemophagocytic syndrome and recurrent pericarditis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. | we report a 24-year-old male with systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) who developed influenza virus b-associated hemophagocytic syndrome and cardiac tamponade. although the patient's general condition improved after steroid pulse therapy and pericardiocentesis, pericardial effusion re-accumulated. colchicine and aspirin were administered, together with prednisolone, after which no further relapses occurred. this was a rare case of severe influenza-associated hemophagocytic syndrome and steroid-re ... | 2010 | 19898920 |
| solution structure and functional analysis of the influenza b proton channel. | influenza b virus contains an integral membrane protein, bm2, that oligomerizes in the viral membrane to form a ph-activated proton channel. here we report the solution structures of both the membrane-embedded channel domain and the cytoplasmic domain of bm2. the channel domain assumes a left-handed coiled-coil tetramer formation with a helical packing angle of -37 degrees to form a polar pore in the membrane for conducting ions. mutagenesis and proton flux experiments identified residues involv ... | 2009 | 19898475 |
| the burden of influenza in children under 5 years admitted to the children's hospital at westmead in the winter of 2006. | active surveillance to determine influenza disease burden in children admitted to hospital with influenza-like illness (ili). | 2009 | 19895431 |
| in the clinic. influenza. | 2009 | 19894285 | |
| bpr2-d2 targeting viral ribonucleoprotein complex-associated function inhibits oseltamivir-resistant influenza viruses. | the emergence of oseltamivir-resistant viruses raised the global threat with regard to influenza virus infection. to develop alternative antiviral agents against influenza virus infection is significant and urgent. | 2010 | 19892833 |
| a practical influenza neutralization assay to simultaneously quantify hemagglutinin and neuraminidase-inhibiting antibody responses. | influenza vaccine immunogenicity is commonly assessed by determining hemagglutination inhibition (hai) titers in serum samples. hai titers have been used to predict vaccine efficacy, but this often fails when live attenuated vaccines are evaluated, because it does not encompass all immune mediators of protection. although antibodies that inhibit viral neuraminidase (na) also contribute to protection against disease, there is currently no routine assessment of na inhibition titers. a serological ... | 2010 | 19887135 |
| detection of antiviral resistance and genetic lineage markers in influenza b virus neuraminidase using pyrosequencing. | we report here the design of a pyrosequencing approach for the detection of molecular markers of resistance to the neuraminidase inhibitors zanamivir and oseltamivir in influenza viruses of type b. primers were designed to analyze the sequences at eight amino acid positions e119, r152, d198, i222, s250, h274, r371, and g402 (universal a/n2 numbering) in the neuraminidase (na) which have been previously found to be associated with resistance or reduced susceptibility to oseltamivir and/or zanamiv ... | 2010 | 19887086 |
| detection of human novel influenza a (h1n1) viruses using multi-fluorescent real-time rt-pcr. | the novel influenza a (h1n1) virus is now rapidly spreading across the world. early detection is one of the most effective measures to prevent further transmission of the virus. 4 sets of proprietary primers and probes designed for detection of influenza a viruses (infa), human and swine h1n1 viruses (sh1), the novel h1n1 viruses (nh1) and rnasep gene (rp) respectively were pooled together in a single tube for a multi-fluorescent real-time rt-pcr assay. the detection limit was found to be one or ... | 2010 | 19883704 |
| genotyping and screening of reassortant live-attenuated influenza b vaccine strain. | live-attenuated influenza virus vaccines can be generated by reassortment of gene segments between an attenuated donor strain and a virulent wild-type virus. the annual production schedule for the seasonal influenza vaccine necessitates rapid and efficient genotyping of the reassorted progeny to identify the desired vaccine strains. this study describes a multiplex rt-pcr system capable of identifying each gene segment from the cold-adapted attenuated donor virus, b/lee/40ca. the specificity of ... | 2010 | 19883691 |
| [the characteristics of epidemic influenza a and b virus strains circulating in russia during the 2007-2008 season]. | in 2007-2008 in russia, the epidemic upsurge of influenza morbidity was caused by the active circulation of influenza a(h1n1, a(h3n2), and b viruses. the center for ecology and epidemiology of influenza studied 334 epidemic strains. the results of a comparative study of the svirus specificity of commercial test systems (amplisens influenza virus a/b and amplisens influenza virus a/h5n1) for the polymerase chain reaction diagnosis and virological assays, including virus isolation, revealed their ... | 2009 | 19882900 |
| broadly targeted triplex real-time pcr detection of influenza a, b and c viruses based on the nucleoprotein gene and a novel "megabeacon" probe strategy. | a pcr assay that covers animal and human influenza a, b and c viruses, i.e., most of orthomyxoviridae, is needed. influenza types are distinguished based on differences in the nucleoprotein (np) present in the virus. conserved np regions were therefore used to design a taqman-based triplex reverse transcription real-time pcr method. variability of influenza a within the probe target region mandated the development of a novel molecular beacon, the "mega" molecular beacon (megabeacon; megb), for t ... | 2010 | 19879296 |
| comparative immunogenicity of recombinant influenza hemagglutinin (rha) and trivalent inactivated vaccine (tiv) among persons > or =65 years old. | alternative substrates for influenza vaccine production are needed to ensure adequate supplies. we evaluated the relative safety and immunogenicity of recombinant hemagglutinin (rha) or trivalent inactivated vaccine (tiv) among 869 > or =65-year-old subjects in a randomized clinical trial. virologic surveillance for influenza-like illness (ili) was conducted during the 2006-2007 epidemic. vaccines were well tolerated. seroconversion rates vs. influenza a/h1n1 and h3n2 antigens were superior in t ... | 2009 | 19879222 |
| comparisons of influenza virus strains from three epidemics. | some of the peculiarities of strains of influenza a and b virus from two epidemics have been described. the influenza b virus of 1945-46, when compared with influenza a virus, proved to be much more difficult to isolate from human sources by any known means. its adaptation to the chick embryo (by any route) or to mice was much slower than that of a virus. it did not keep nearly as well on storage at -72 degrees c. either in throat garglings or as passage material. its adaptation to amniotic grow ... | 1947 | 19871684 |
| studies on the mechanism of adaptation of influenza virus to mice. | 1. when strains of influenza a virus which have been isolated in chick embryos are introduced into the mouse lung, the virus multiplies readily and achieves initially a titer which is as high as is even obtained, even after repeated passage. the high initial titer of virus may be unaccompanied by any lethal or visible pathogenic effects; but with four or five mouse passages the agent becomes lethal in high titer and causes extensive pulmonary consolidation, though its capacity to multiply in the ... | 1947 | 19871683 |
| amino acid composition of highly purified viral particles of influenza a and b. | microbiological assays for amino acids were made on hydrolysates of four to five highly purified preparations each of influenza a virus (pr8 strain) and influenza b virus (lee strain). the results of the assays indicated that these strains of influenza virus contain approximately the same amounts of alanine, aspartic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, and valine. however, significant differences were found in the values for argin ... | 1947 | 19871660 |
| studies on the toxicity of influenza viruses : i. the effect of intracerebral injection of influenza viruses. | intracerebral injection of preparations of influenza viruses into mice led to tonic and clonic convulsions and death in tetanus, usually within 24 to 72 hours. histological examination revealed the destruction of the ependymal lining of the ventricles as the dominant finding. these reactions were obtained in four different strains of mice as well as in rats, guinea pigs, and hamsters. they were observed in mice after injection of mouse and egg-adapted virus, and all strains of virus tested gave ... | 1946 | 19871592 |
| qualitative differences in the antigenic composition of influenza a virus strains. | a study of the pr8, christie, talmey, w.s., and swine strains of influenza a virus by means of antibody absorption tests revealed the following findings: 1. serum antibody could be specifically absorbed with allantoic fluid containing influenza virus or, more effectively, with concentrated suspensions of virus obtained from allantoic fluid by high-speed centrifugation or by the red cell adsorption and elution technique. normal allantoic fluid, or the centrifugalized sediment therefrom, failed to ... | 1944 | 19871392 |
| interference between the influenza viruses : ii. the effect of virus rendered non-infective by ultraviolet radiation upon the multiplication of influenza viruses in the chick embryo. | influenza a or influenza b virus rendered non-infective by ultraviolet radiation was found to be capable of producing interference with the multiplication of active influenza viruses in the chick embryo. certain temporal and quantitative relationships affecting the interference phenomenon with this host-virus system were studied. an hypothesis of the mechanism of interference between the influenza viruses is proposed and discussed. | 1944 | 19871377 |
| interference between the influenza viruses : i. the effect of active virus upon the multiplication of influenza viruses in the chick embryo. | reciprocal interference between influenza a, influenza b, and swine influenza viruses has been demonstrated in the chick embryo. certain temporal and quantitative factors which influence the production of interference in this host-virus system have been studied. the implications of these observations in relation to the mechanism by which interference is produced are discussed. | 1944 | 19871376 |
| adsorption of influenza virus on cells of the respiratory tract. | a study of the reaction between influenza virus and the cells of the excised and perfused ferret lung has yielded the following results: (1) the cells of the lung rapidly adsorbed large amounts of intratracheally inoculated virus. (2) after a short interval the pulmonary cells began spontaneously to release the adsorbed virus, and in the case of influenza b the release was 75 per cent complete after 5 hours. (3) the lee strain was more completely released from pulmonary cells after 5 hours than ... | 1943 | 19871317 |
| adsorption of influenza hemagglutinins and virus by red blood cells. | a number of experiments were performed on the adsorption of influenza hemagglutinins on chicken red blood cells, from which the following conclusions were drawn:- 1. when chicken red blood cells and preparations of influenza viruses were mixed together, the influenza hemagglutinins present were rapidly adsorbed onto the cells. after varying lengths of time, dependent on the conditions of the experiment, the adsorbed hemagglutinins began to elute from the cells. with the lee strain at 23 degrees ... | 1942 | 19871229 |
| the quantitative determination of influenza virus and antibodies by means of red cell agglutination. | 1. the agglutination titer for chicken red cells of freshly prepared or carefully stored suspensions of pr8 influenza virus, that is to say virus of maximum pathogenicity, was found to be proportional to the mouse lethal titer of the same preparations. 2. the agglutination titer of infected allantoic fluid procured in a standard way is relatively constant, regardless of the influenza strain used and its pathogenicity for mice. 3. virus preparations inactivated by heat or storage may retain their ... | 1942 | 19871167 |
| introduction of a novel swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus into milwaukee, wisconsin in 2009. | on 17 april 2009, novel swine origin influenza a virus (s-oiv) cases appeared within the united states. most influenza a diagnostic assays currently utilized in local clinical laboratories do not allow definitive subtype determination. detailed subtype analysis of influenza a positive samples in our laboratory allowed early confirmation of a large outbreak of s-oiv in southeastern wisconsin (sew). the initial case of s-oiv in sew was detected on 28 april 2009. all influenza a samples obtained du ... | 2009 | 19865496 |
| [comparison of detection sensitivity in rapid-diagnosis influenza virus kits]. | rapid-diagnosis kits able to detect influenza a and b virus by immunochromatography developed by different manufacturers, while useful in early diagnosis, may vary widely in detection sensitivity. we compared sensitivity results for eight virus-detection kits in current use--quick chaser flua, b (mizuho medy), espline influenza a & b-n (fujirebio), capilia flu a + b (nippon beckton dickinson & alfesa pharma), poctem influenza a/b (otsuka pharma & sysmex), bd flu examan (nippon beckton dickinson) ... | 2009 | 19860254 |
| a novel assay for influenza virus quantification using surface plasmon resonance. | quantification of hemagglutinin (ha) by single-radial immuno diffusion (srid) is the predominant method to ensure product potency in seasonal influenza vaccines. here a new method for quantification of influenza virus using biosensor technology is presented. the method employs quantification of virus via an inhibition assay format using ha proteins for h1n1, h3n2 and b immobilized on a sensor chip. initial results showed the assay to have higher sensitivity (detection range 0.5-10 microg/ml), hi ... | 2010 | 19857452 |
| influenza vaccine administration in rheumatoid arthritis patients under treatment with tnfalpha blockers: safety and immunogenicity. | twenty-eight patients with low-moderate, stable rheumatoid arthritis (ra), under treatment with tumor necrosis factor (tnf) alpha blockers, were immunized at least once with non-adjuvanted trivalent influenza vaccine during three consecutive influenza seasons. antibodies toward a influenza antigens significantly increased and reached protective levels, still detectable 6 months after vaccination, both in ra patients and healthy controls. response to b antigen instead was only observed from the s ... | 2010 | 19846344 |
| identification of a pa-binding peptide with inhibitory activity against influenza a and b virus replication. | there is an urgent need for new drugs against influenza type a and b viruses due to incomplete protection by vaccines and the emergence of resistance to current antivirals. the influenza virus polymerase complex, consisting of the pb1, pb2 and pa subunits, represents a promising target for the development of new drugs. we have previously demonstrated the feasibility of targeting the protein-protein interaction domain between the pb1 and pa subunits of the polymerase complex of influenza a virus ... | 2009 | 19841738 |
| an amantadine-sensitive chimeric bm2 ion channel of influenza b virus has implications for the mechanism of drug inhibition. | influenza a virus m2 (a/m2) and the influenza b virus bm2 are both small integral membrane proteins that form proton-selective ion channels. influenza a virus a/m2 channel is the target of the antiviral drug amantadine (and its methyl derivative rimantadine), whereas bm2 channel activity is not affected by the drug. the atomic structure of the pore-transmembrane (tm) domain peptide has been determined by x-ray crystallography [stouffer et al. (2008) nature 451:596-599] and of a larger m2 peptide ... | 2009 | 19841275 |
| nuclear functions of the influenza a and b viruses ns1 proteins: do they play a role in viral mrna export? | although it is known for decades that influenza viruses replicate and transcribe their genome in the nucleus of the host cell, there is little knowledge about the cellular and viral factors mediating the nuclear transport of viral mrna transcripts to the cytoplasm. efficient export of mature cellular mrna is coupled to their synthesis by the rna polymerase ii and subsequent processing events such as splicing. this linkage necessitated influenza viruses to evolve a strategy to integrate their uns ... | 2009 | 19840666 |
| mf59-adjuvanted influenza vaccine (fluad) in children: safety and immunogenicity following a second year seasonal vaccination. | after priming with two intramuscular doses of mf59-adjuvanted (sub/mf59) or split influenza vaccines during the 2006/07 season, 89 healthy children received a third booster dose of the respective vaccine (2007/08 northern hemisphere formulation) approximately 1 year later, and were followed up for 6 months post-third injection. immunogenicity was evaluated on 81 of them by a hemagglutination inhibition (hi) assay before and 3 weeks after vaccination. the sub/mf59 influenza vaccine was safe and w ... | 2009 | 19840662 |
| signature peptides of influenza nucleoprotein for the typing and subtyping of the virus by high resolution mass spectrometry. | the use of high resolution mass spectrometry to record the accurate mass of signature peptides within proteolytic digests of the nucleoprotein antigen, and whole influenza virus, is shown to be able to rapidly type and subtype the virus. conserved sequences for predicted tryptic peptides were identified through alignments of those for the nucleoprotein across all influenza types and subtypes. peptides with unique theoretical masses from those generated in silico for all influenza antigen sequenc ... | 2009 | 19838412 |
| a case of benign acute childhood myositis associated with influenza a (h1n1) virus infection. | benign acute childhood myositis (bacm) is a rare transient condition usually occurring at the early convalescent phase of a viral upper respiratory tract illness, normally influenza a, and, more frequently, influenza b infection. it is characterized by acute-onset difficulty in walking as a result of severe bilateral calf pain and by elevated muscle enzymes including creatinine kinase. it is self-limiting because there is rapid full recovery usually within 1 week. we describe the first case of b ... | 2010 | 19832721 |
| myocarditis mimicking acute coronary syndrome following influenza b virus infection: a case report. | we present a notable case of a 15-year-old male infected with influenza b virus who showed the clinical manifestations of myocardial ischemia. he was admitted to our hospital with sudden chest pain. he had febrile illness for the past 2 days. rapid antigen test for influenza revealed positive influenza b virus antigen. the initial electrocardiogram showed elevation of the st-segments in leads ii, ii, avf and reciprocal depression in leads v1 and v2. serum test showed elevation of creatine kinase ... | 2009 | 19829864 |
| laboratory test performance in young adults during influenza outbreaks at world youth day 2008. | the performance of influenza laboratory diagnostics in young adults and in the setting of outbreaks during mass gatherings has not been well studied. | 2009 | 19828366 |
| influenza activity in cambodia during 2006-2008. | there is little information about influenza disease among the cambodian population. to better understand the dynamics of influenza in cambodia, the cambodian national influenza center (nic) was established in august 2006. to continuously monitor influenza activity, a hospital based sentinel surveillance system for ili (influenza like illness) with a weekly reporting and sampling scheme was established in five sites in 2006. in addition, hospital based surveillance of acute lower respiratory infe ... | 2009 | 19828051 |
| probabilistic indoor transmission modeling for influenza (sub)type viruses. | to use a probability based transmission modeling approach to examine the influenza risk of infection virus in indoor environments. this was based on 10 years of data gathered from influenza-like illness sentinel physician and laboratory surveillance, and experimental viral shedding data in taiwan. | 2010 | 19818365 |
| recommended composition of influenza virus vaccines for use in the 2010 influenza season (southern hemisphere winter). | 2009 | 19817019 | |
| comparison of nasopharyngeal nylon flocked swabs with universal transport medium and rayon-bud swabs with a sponge reservoir of viral transport medium in the diagnosis of paediatric influenza. | this study compared a kit containing a nasopharyngeal nylon flocked swab and a tube with a liquid universal transport medium (utm) with a kit containing a plastic-shafted rayon-budded swab with a sponge reservoir of viral transport medium for the molecular detection of influenza viruses in children. respiratory samples were collected from 314 children aged <5 years with influenza-like illness (186 males; mean age 2.32+/-2.27 years) using both swabs in a randomized sequence for each patient. the ... | 2010 | 19815662 |
| surveillance for neuraminidase-inhibitor-resistant influenza viruses in japan, 1996-2007. | high usage of the neuraminidase inhibitor (nai) oseltamivir in japan since 2003 led the neuraminidase inhibitor susceptibility network to assess the susceptibility of community isolates of influenza viruses to oseltamivir and zanamivir. | 2009 | 19812437 |
| summaries for patients. the effects of hand washing and facemasks on prevention of influenza infection. | 2009 | 19805764 | |
| kinetics of viral shedding and immune responses in adults following administration of cold-adapted influenza vaccine. | the optimal type and timing of specimens to study the immune responses to cold-adapted influenza vaccine (caiv) and shedding of vaccine virus are not well established. healthy adults were vaccinated with caiv (n=10) or trivalent influenza vaccine (tiv) (n=5). shedding of vaccine strain influenza b was detected by culture in 6 of 10 caiv recipients; influenza a was also detected in one of these subjects. viral shedding by quantitative rt-pcr was detected in 9 of 10 subjects. we detected a > or = ... | 2009 | 19800447 |
| seasonal influenza virus species in patient swab samples analyzed for the presence of the pandemic (h1n1) 2009 influenza virus. | 2009 | 19794039 | |
| switching gears for an influenza pandemic: validation of a duplex reverse transcriptase pcr assay for simultaneous detection and confirmatory identification of pandemic (h1n1) 2009 influenza virus. | rapid methods for the detection and confirmatory identification of pandemic influenza a virus (also known as pandemic [h1n1] 2009) are of utmost importance. in this study, a conventional reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr) assay for the detection of influenza a virus and the hemagglutinin of swine lineage h1 (swh1) was designed, optimized, and validated. nucleic acids were extracted from 198 consecutive nasopharyngeal, nasal, or throat swab specimens collected early in the outbreak (127 negative ... | 2009 | 19794033 |
| similarity of outbreaks of asian influenza and influenza b. in a school community. | 1961 | 19790398 | |
| multipathogen infections in hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections. | to explore the epidemiologic and clinical features of, and interactions among, multipathogen infections in hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infection (arti). a prospective study of children admitted with arti was conducted. peripheral blood samples were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence to detect respiratory agents including respiratory syncytial virus; adenovirus; influenza virus (flu) types a and b; parainfluenza virus (piv) types 1, 2, and 3; chlamydia pneumonia; and m ... | 2009 | 19788746 |
| simulations of the bm2 proton channel transmembrane domain from influenza virus b. | bm2 is a small integral membrane protein from influenza b virus which forms proton-permeable channels. coarse-grained (cg) molecular dynamics simulations have been used to produce a model of the bm2 channel by self-assembly of a tetrameric bundle of bm2 transmembrane helices in a lipid bilayer. the bm2 channel model is conformationally stable on a 5 mus time scale. this cg model was converted to atomistic resolution to refine interhelix and channel-water interactions. atomistic molecular dynamic ... | 2009 | 19780586 |
| epidemiology of human influenza a and b viruses in myanmar from 2005 to 2007. | to perform genetic analysis of influenza a and b viruses in myanmar from 2005 to 2007 and to determine the prevalence of amantadine-resistant influenza a viruses. | 2009 | 19776616 |
| comparative efficacy of inactivated and live attenuated influenza vaccines. | the efficacy of influenza vaccines may vary from year to year, depending on a variety of factors, and may differ for inactivated and live attenuated vaccines. | 2009 | 19776407 |
| evaluation of twenty rapid antigen tests for the detection of human influenza a h5n1, h3n2, h1n1, and b viruses. | twenty rapid antigen assays were compared for their ability to detect influenza using dilutions of virus culture supernatants from human isolates of influenza a h5n1 (clade 1 and 2 strains), h3n2 and h1n1 viruses, and influenza b. there was variation amongst the rapid antigen assays in their ability to detect different influenza viruses. six of the 12 assays labeled as distinguishing between influenza a and b had comparable analytical sensitivities for detecting both influenza a h5n1 strains, al ... | 2009 | 19774693 |
| changes of the receptor-binding properties of influenza b virus b/victoria/504/2000 during adaptation in chicken eggs. | selection of high-growth virus variants of strain b/victoria/504/2000 by serial passage in eggs resulted in three amino acid substitutions, g141e, r162m, and d196y, in the vicinity of the receptor-binding pocket of viral hemagglutinin. virus variants containing the identified amino acid substitutions, individually or in various combinations, were constructed using reverse genetics and analyzed for their receptor-binding properties using glycan microarray platform. three different patterns of vir ... | 2009 | 19766280 |
| comparison of the activities of bm2 protein and its h19 and w23 mutants of influenza b virus with activities of m2 protein and its h37 and w41 mutants of influenza a virus. | co-expression of the bm2 protein with ph-sensitive ha reduces the conversion of ha to its low-ph conformation during transport to the cell surface in the same way as human m2 proteins. bm2 protein is capable of increasing vesicular ph by as much as 0.4 ph units. mutation analysis showed that replacement of h19 in bm2 protein by a and l resulted in loss of activity, while m2, with the mutation h37a, remained active, but its severe toxicity was intolerable for cells. whereas substitution of l or a ... | 2009 | 19763781 |
| epidemiology of influenza from 2007 to 2008 in naha area, okinawa prefecture: surveillance of rapid antigen test results. | the incidence of influenza in the naha city area in the southernmost part of japan was surveyed in 2007 and 2008. patients who had influenza-like symptoms and visited one of four general hospitals in naha city, okinawa, japan were included in this study. the nasal or throat swab samples were applied to the rapid test for detecting influenza a and b virus antigens. the positive rate of influenza a and/or b virus antigen was 26.2% (8,480/32,380). most cases (82.9%) were influenza a. in 2007, influ ... | 2009 | 19762995 |
| influenza virus vaccination in kidney transplant recipients: serum antibody response to different immunosuppressive drugs. | this study prospectively accessed the immune response to the inactivated influenza vaccine in renal transplant recipients receiving either azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil (mmf). side effects were investigated. | 2010 | 19758368 |
| inhibition of influenza virus by baculovirus-mediated shrna. | influenza viruses a and b cause widespread infections of the human respiratory tract; however, existing vaccines and drug therapy are of limited value for their treatment. here we show that bispecific short hairpin small-interfering rna constructs containing an eight-nucleotide intervening spacer, targeted against influenza virus a or influenza virus b, can inhibit the production of both types of virus in infected cell lines. this multiple vector showed remarkable ability to cope with both influ ... | 2009 | 19749373 |
| exhaled breath condensate appears to be an unsuitable specimen type for the detection of influenza viruses with nucleic acid-based methods. | exhaled breath condensate is an airway-derived specimen type that has shown significant promise in the diagnosis of asthma, cancer, and other disorders. the presence of human genomic dna in this sample type has been proven, but there have been no reports on its utility for the detection of respiratory pathogens. the suitability of exhaled breath condensate for the detection of influenza virus was investigated, as an indication of its potential as a specimen type for respiratory pathogen discover ... | 2010 | 19733195 |
| [one-step multiplex rt-pcr for rapid screening of type a, b and novel a (h1n1) influenza viruses]. | to developed a multiplex rt-pcr assay for simultaneous screening of type a, b and novel a (h1n1) influenza viruses. | 2009 | 19726287 |
| virologically confirmed population-based burden of hospitalization caused by influenza a and b among children in hong kong. | we sought to determine the virologically confirmed hospitalization rates associated with influenza virus infection among hong kong children. | 2009 | 19722912 |
| surveillance for the 2009 pandemic influenza a (h1n1) virus and seasonal influenza viruses - new zealand, 2009. | the 2009 pandemic influenza a (h1n1) virus, which was first identified in the united states and mexico, was imported into new zealand by a high school group returning from mexico in late april 2009. by june, sustained community transmission of the virus had been established in new zealand. to track the incidence of influenza-like illness (ili) and compare the number of viruses identified as 2009 pandemic influenza a (h1n1) with the number identified as seasonal influenza, new zealand public heal ... | 2009 | 19713880 |
| comparative evaluation of real-time pcr and conventional rt-pcr during a 2 year surveillance for influenza and respiratory syncytial virus among children with acute respiratory infections in kolkata, india, reveals a distinct seasonality of infection. | acute respiratory tract infections (artis) are one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in young children worldwide. influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are the predominant aetiological agents during seasonal epidemics, and thus rapid and sensitive molecular tests for screening for such agents and timely identification of epidemics are required. this study compared real-time quantitative pcr (qpcr) with conventional rt-pcr for parallel identification of influenz ... | 2009 | 19713363 |
| monitoring the emergence of community transmission of influenza a/h1n1 2009 in england: a cross sectional opportunistic survey of self sampled telephone callers to nhs direct. | to evaluate ascertainment of the onset of community transmission of influenza a/h1n1 2009 (swine flu) in england during the earliest phase of the epidemic through comparing data from two surveillance systems. | 2009 | 19713236 |
| conversion of mdck cell line to suspension culture by transfecting with human siat7e gene and its application for influenza virus production. | mdck cells are currently being considered as an alternative to embryonated eggs for influenza virus propagation and hemagglutinin (ha) production intended for vaccine manufacturing. mdck cells were found suitable for the virus production but their inability to grow in suspension burdens the process of scale up and hence their production capability. anchorage-dependent mdck cells were converted to anchorage-independent cells, capable of growing in suspension as a result of transfection with the h ... | 2009 | 19706449 |
| support for universal childhood vaccination against influenza among private pediatric clinics and public health departments in georgia. | recently, it has been recommended that all persons 6 months to 18 years be vaccinated annually against influenza. to assess support for this universal recommendation leading up to its implementation, a cross-sectional survey of healthcare workers at private pediatric clinics (n = 44) and public health departments (n = 75) was conducted. the survey, conducted in the state of georgia during 2005-2006, asked about (a) support for universal childhood vaccination against influenza, (b) general and in ... | 2009 | 19704307 |
| influenza epidemiology and characterization of influenza viruses in patients seeking treatment for acute fever in cambodia. | the epidemiology, symptomology, and viral aetiology of endemic influenza remain largely uncharacterized in cambodia. in december 2006, we established passive hospital-based surveillance to identify the causes of acute undifferentiated fever in patients seeking healthcare. fever was defined as tympanic membrane temperature >38 degrees c. from december 2006 to december 2008, 4233 patients were screened for influenza virus by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rrt-pcr). of t ... | 2010 | 19698213 |
| seasonal influenza activity in hong kong and its association with meteorological variations. | influenza seasons appear consistently in the temperate regions, but are more variable in tropical/subtropical regions. the determinant for such variation remains poorly understood. this study documented the activity of influenza over a 10-year period in hong kong; examining its association with changes in temperature and relative humidity. the two types of influenza exhibited different correlations with meteorological variations. influenza a showed two seasonal peaks occurring respectively in wi ... | 2009 | 19697414 |
| factors affecting quickvue influenza a + b rapid test performance in the community setting. | rapid diagnosis of influenza can facilitate timely clinical management. we evaluated the performance of the quickvue influenza a + b test (quidel, san diego, ca) in a community setting and investigated the factors affecting test sensitivity. we recruited 1008 subjects from 30 outpatient clinics in hong kong between february and september 2007. each subject provided 2 pooled pairs of nose and throat swabs; 1 pair was tested by the quickvue rapid test on site, and the other pair was sent to a labo ... | 2009 | 19679233 |
| what will the next influenza season bring about: seasonal influenza or the new a(h1n1)v? an analysis of german influenza surveillance data. | for the next influenza season (winter 2009-10) the relative contributions to virus circulation and influenza-associated morbidity of the seasonal influenza viruses a(h3n2), a(h1n1) and b, and the new influenza a(h1n1)v are still unknown. we estimated the chances of seasonal influenza to circulate during the upcoming season using data of the german influenza sentinel scheme from 1992 to 2009. we calculated type and subtype-specific indices for past exposure and the corresponding morbidity indices ... | 2009 | 19679036 |
| subunit influenza vaccines produced from cell culture or in embryonated chicken eggs: comparison of safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity. | this study assessed the safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of an injectable cell culture-derived influenza vaccine (cciv), compared with those of an injectable egg-based trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (tiv). | 2009 | 19673652 |