Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| untangling neural networks with dual retrograde transsynaptic viral infection. | using recombinant rabies virus (rv), we developed a dual transsynaptic retrograde tracing technique in the rat central nervous system. two strains of recombinant rv, injected into two separate loci of the brain, were taken up through axon terminals and carried retrogradely and transsynaptically from neuron to neuron. each viral strain expresses a unique marker in infected neurons. therefore, neurons that project transsynaptically to two brain loci can be detected by double-labeling. in this revi ... | 2009 | 20198151 |
| [complete genome sequencing and analyses of rabies viruses isolated from wild animals (chinese ferret-badger) in zhejiang province]. | based on sequencing the full-length genomes of two chinese ferret-badger, we analyzed the properties of rabies viruses genetic variation in molecular level to get information on prevalence and variation of rabies viruses in zhejiang, and to enrich the genome database of rabies viruses street strains isolated from chinese wildlife. | 2009 | 20193207 |
| human rabies due to lyssavirus infection of bat origin. | rabies is a fatal viral encephalitis and results from infection with viruses belonging to the genus lyssavirus. infection usually results from a bite from a dog infected with classical rabies virus. however, a small number of cases result from contact with bats. it is within bats that most lyssavirus variants, referred to as genotypes, are found. the lyssaviruses found in bats have a distinct geographical distribution and are often restricted to specific bat species. most have been associated wi ... | 2010 | 20188498 |
| mapping of neural pathways that influence diaphragm activity and project to the lumbar spinal cord in cats. | during breathing, the diaphragm and abdominal muscles contract out of phase. however, during other behaviors (including vomiting, postural adjustments, and locomotion) simultaneous contractions are required of the diaphragm and other muscle groups including abdominal muscles. recent studies in cats using transneuronal tracing techniques showed that in addition to neurons in the respiratory groups, cells in the inferior and lateral vestibular nuclei (vn) and medial pontomedullary reticular format ... | 2010 | 20186399 |
| presumptive abortive human rabies - texas, 2009. | rabies is a serious zoonotic disease. recovery has been well documented in only six human patients worldwide. five of those patients had received rabies vaccinations before illness; one had not received rabies vaccination but survived infection after prolonged intensive care. in most of these survivors, moderate to profound neurologic sequelae occurred. in all six survivors, rabies was diagnosed based on exposure history, compatible clinical symptoms, and detection of rabies virus-neutralizing a ... | 2010 | 20186117 |
| role of oxidative stress in rabies virus infection of adult mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons. | rabies virus infection of dorsal root ganglia (drg) was studied in vitro with cultured adult mouse drg neurons. recent in vivo studies of transgenic mice that express the yellow fluorescent protein indicate that neuronal process degeneration, involving both dendrites and axons, occurs in mice infected with the challenge virus standard (cvs) strain of rabies virus by footpad inoculation. because of the similarities of the morphological changes in experimental rabies and in diabetic neuropathy and ... | 2010 | 20181692 |
| molecular epidemiology of rabies virus in romania provides evidence for a high degree of heterogeneity and virus diversity. | rabies has been present in romania since antiquity and remains a continual threat to veterinary and public health. the current epizootic of rabies in romania is fox mediated. however, little is known about the genetic diversity among rabies virus isolates from this part of the balkan region. in this study, we analyzed a cohort of 64 rabies viruses isolated from infected animals in romania collected between 2005 and 2008. partial nucleoprotein sequence data (322 bp) were obtained and compared to ... | 2010 | 20178821 |
| recombinant rabies virus glycoprotein synthesis in bioreactor by transfected drosophila melanogaster s2 cells carrying a constitutive or an inducible promoter. | s2 cell populations (s2acrvgp2k and s2mtrvgp-hy) were selected after transfection of gene expression vectors carrying the cdna encoding the rabies virus glycoprotein (rvgp) gene under the control of the constitutive (actin) or inductive (metallothionein) promoters. these cell populations were cultivated in a 1l bioreactor mimicking a large scale bioprocess. cell cultures were carried out at 90 rpm and monitored/controlled for temperature (28 degrees c) and dissolved oxygen (10 or 50% air saturat ... | 2010 | 20176061 |
| [efficacy of intradermal regimen using japanese rabies vaccine for pre-exposure prophylaxis]. | in japan, only one vaccine is commercially available for rabies (chemo-sero-therapeutic institute (kaketsuken), kumamoto, japan). it is a tissue-cultured inactivated vaccine made using purified chick embryo cells (pcec-k) and administered subcutaneously using a schedule differing from that recommended by the world health organization (who). the current regimen of pre-exposure prophylaxis for rabies in japan consists of three subcutaneous administrations of pcec-k vaccine at 0, 28, and 180 days, ... | 2010 | 20170007 |
| [epidemiologic monitoring of human rabies in an endemic canine rabies area in the ivory coast]. | the objective of this study was to analyze the epidemiologic monitoring of human rabies in the rabies medical center of abidjan. | 2010 | 20167447 |
| a disynaptic relay from superior colliculus to dorsal stream visual cortex in macaque monkey. | the superior colliculus (sc) is the first station in a subcortical relay of retinal information to extrastriate visual cortex. ascending sc projections pass through pulvinar and lgn on their way to cortex, but it is not clear how many synapses are required to complete these circuits or which cortical areas are involved. to examine this relay directly, we injected transynaptic rabies virus into several extrastriate visual areas. we observed disynaptically labeled cells in superficial, retino-reci ... | 2010 | 20152132 |
| distribution of hypothalamic neurons with orexin (hypocretin) or melanin concentrating hormone (mch) immunoreactivity and multisynaptic connections with diaphragm motoneurons. | prior work showed that neurons in the lateral, dorsal, and perifornical regions of the tuberal and mammillary levels of the hypothalamus participate in the control of breathing. the same areas also contain large numbers of neurons that produce either orexins (hypocretins) or melanin concentrating hormone (mch). these peptides have been implicated in regulating energy balance and physiological changes that occur in transitions between sleep and wakefulness, amongst other functions. the goal of th ... | 2010 | 20144885 |
| safety and immunogenicity of an ama1 malaria vaccine in malian children: results of a phase 1 randomized controlled trial. | the objective was to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the ama1-based malaria vaccine fmp2.1/as02(a) in children exposed to seasonal falciparum malaria. | 2010 | 20140214 |
| rabies virus nucleoprotein functions to evade activation of the rig-i-mediated antiviral response. | the rabies virus ni-ce strain causes nonlethal infection in adult mice after intracerebral inoculation, whereas the parental nishigahara (ni) strain kills mice. we previously reported that the chimeric ce(nin) strain with the n gene from the ni strain in the genetic background of the ni-ce strain kills adult mice, indicating that the n gene is related to the different pathogenicities of ni and ni-ce strains. in the present study, to obtain an insight into the mechanism by which the n gene determ ... | 2010 | 20130065 |
| [human rabies encephalitis by a vampire bat bite in an urban area of colombia]. | human rabies encephalitis by a vampire bat bite in an urban area of colombia a case of rabies encephalitis is presented in a teenaged male, which developed four months after a bat bite in the urban area of floridablanca, santander province, colombia. the complex clinical manifestations prevented the confirmation of an antemortem diagnosis, principally because of the lengthy incubation period and the absence of other similar urban cases. despite application of several therapies, including the mil ... | 2009 | 20128344 |
| therapy of rabies encephalitis. | 2009 | 20128341 | |
| aggression and rabid coyotes, massachusetts, usa. | 2010 | 20113587 | |
| characterization of a rabies virus isolate from a ferret badger (melogale moschata) with unique molecular differences in glycoprotein antigenic site iii. | rabies virus was isolated from the brain of a chinese ferret badger (melogale moschata) and identified as having an r333q substitution within its glycoprotein antigenic site iii. additionally, compared with vaccine strains and other rabies virus isolates from dogs and ferret badgers in china, the isolate had five other amino acid substitutions in its glycoprotein: p(-17)l in the signal peptide, r88h, l225m, and d422e in the ectoplasmic region, and g478e in the cytoplasmic region. this isolate po ... | 2010 | 20109507 |
| rabies vaccination update. | 2010 | 20097649 | |
| the added value of rabies virus as a retrograde tracer when combined with dual anterograde tract-tracing. | rabies virus (rv) has widely been used as a trans-synaptic retrograde tracer to analyze chains of connected neurons. the use of antibodies directed against the viral nucleoprotein enables viral nucleocapsids to be visualized within the cell soma, as well as within the thickest main dendrites. however, through this approach it is often difficult to accurately define post-synaptic elements (thin dendrites and/or dendritic spines). this limitation can now easily been circumvented by taking advantag ... | 2010 | 20096304 |
| structure of the dimerization domain of the rabies virus phosphoprotein. | the crystal structure of the dimerization domain of rabies virus phosphoprotein was determined. the monomer consists of two alpha-helices that make a helical hairpin held together mainly by hydrophobic interactions. the monomer has a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic face, and in the dimer two monomers pack together through their hydrophobic surfaces. this structure is very different from the dimerization domain of the vesicular stomatitis virus phosphoprotein and also from the tetramerization domai ... | 2010 | 20089657 |
| validation and operational application of a rapid method for rabies antigen detection. | the veterinary laboratory europe (vle) deployed a direct, rapid immunohistochemical test (drit), developed by the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc), to the us military veterinary units in iraq and afghanistan. the test detects rabies virus antigen in fresh and frozen brainstem samples from various animal species. the goal was to conduct surveillance in 2 countries without current rabies diagnostic capabilities and little historical data on rabies prevalence. during the deployment ... | 2009 | 20088045 |
| attenuation of rabies virulence: takeover by the cytoplasmic domain of its envelope protein. | the capacity of a rabies virus to promote neuronal survival (a signature of virulence) or death (a marker of attenuation) depends on the cellular partners recruited by the pdz-binding site (pdz-bs) of its envelope glycoprotein (g). neuronal survival requires the selective association of the pdz-bs of g with the pdz domains of two closely related serine-threonine kinases, mast1 and mast2. here, we found that a single amino acid change in the pdz-bs triggered the apoptotic death of infected neuron ... | 2010 | 20086240 |
| [safety and immunogenicity of rabies vaccine (chick embryo cell) for human use produced in germany and india]. | to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of rabipur produced in india. | 2009 | 20084974 |
| development of a reverse genetics system for a human rabies virus vaccine strain employed in china. | the ctn rabies virus was isolated from a human in china in 1953 and subsequently attenuated by multiple passaging to a vaccine strain now approved by the who. in this study, we describe the development of a reverse genetics system for the ctn rabies virus strain. the recombinant full-length genomic cdna was flanked by a hammerhead ribozyme (hamrz) and the hepatitis delta virus ribozyme (hdvrz) while the non-coding g-l region was replaced with a green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene. a set of help ... | 2010 | 20080136 |
| functional analysis of rousettus aegyptiacus "signal transducer and activator of transcription 1" (stat1). | bats are now known as the source of several diseases in humans, but few studies regarding immune responses and factors associated with bats have so far been reported. in this study, we focused on stat1, one of the critical components in interferon (ifn)-signaling and antiviral activity, which is often targeted by viral proteins to reduce antiviral activity and increase viral replication. we found that rousettus aegyptiacus stat1 (bat stat1) is phosphorylatable and translocates to the nucleus whe ... | 2010 | 20067804 |
| pre-exposure immunization against rabies using japanese rabies vaccine following the who recommended schedule. | we examined the efficacy and safety of the japanese purified chick embryo cell rabies vaccine (pcec-k) when administered on days 0, 7, and 28, as recommended by the who. post-vaccination serum samples were obtained from 53 human subjects, and rabies antibody titers were determined by a combination of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and neutralizing antibody (na) assay. by day 42 of the experiment, which was 2 weeks after the third dose, all subjects had developed na titers of 0.5 iu/ml ... | 2010 | 20063031 |
| effect of serial subculturing on the genetic composition and cytotoxic activity of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | continuous subculture has been observed to produce changes in the virulence of micro-organisms, e.g. rabies virus, poliovirus and mycobacterium bovis bcg. the latter has been used as a vaccine for tuberculosis for the last 100 years; however, in some instances its efficacy has been observed to be very low. in order to determine whether similar changes can be produced in mycobacterium tuberculosis, we selected four isolates, m. tuberculosis h37rv, a beijing strain (dr-689), and two more isolates ... | 2010 | 20056774 |
| characterization of a single-cycle rabies virus-based vaccine vector. | recombinant rabies virus (rv)-based vectors have demonstrated their efficacy in generating long-term, antigen-specific immune responses in murine and monkey models. however, replication-competent viral vectors pose significant safety concerns due to vector pathogenicity. rv pathogenicity is largely attributed to its glycoprotein (rv-g), which facilitates the attachment and entry of rv into host cells. we have developed a live, single-cycle rv by deletion of the g gene from an rv vaccine vector e ... | 2010 | 20053743 |
| [diagnosis of a human rabies case in jujuy, 2008]. | on july 22, 2008, a previously healthy 8 years old boy from jujuy, argentina, died of encephalitis later confirmed as rabies. diagnosis was made on the basis rabies-specific antibodies presence in a serum sample and it was confirmed by detection of the viral antigens in brain necropsy using the immunofluorescent test. antigenic characterization identified dog as source of infection. molecular analysis recognized the same genetic variant circulating in jujuy since 2003. this report presents the p ... | 2009 | 20053605 |
| [protective activity of panavir in experimental rabies infection]. | significant and reliable activity of panavir was shown in experiments on mice intramuscularly infected with the rabies virus. the animal protection depended on the dose of panavir and the treatment scheme. the reliable protection (30-45% of the mice, p<0.05-0.01) was observed only after the panavir intramuscular injection to the site of the virus inoculation (the infection atrium), but not after the systemic (intraperitoneal) administration. high titers of the virus-neutralizing antibodies (7.92 ... | 2009 | 20052915 |
| oral rabies vaccination in north america: opportunities, complexities, and challenges. | steps to facilitate inter-jurisdictional collaboration nationally and continentally have been critical for implementing and conducting coordinated wildlife rabies management programs that rely heavily on oral rabies vaccination (orv). formation of a national rabies management team has been pivotal for coordinated orv programs in the united states of america. the signing of the north american rabies management plan extended a collaborative framework for coordination of surveillance, control, and ... | 2009 | 20027214 |
| retraction. "tracking the footprints of the rabies virus: are we any closer to decoding this elusive virus?" by mahadevan a, suja ms, madhusudana sn, et al. | 2010 | 20026705 | |
| serologic response to rabies pre-exposure vaccination in persons with potential occupational exposure in singapore. | sixty-six animal workers received primary rabies vaccination with purified vero cell vaccine (pvrv, verorab). one year later, 26 (39%) demonstrated antibody titers below the recommended minimum of 0.5 iu/ml, and required a booster. all 15 of a separate group reporting primary vaccination with at least one booster had titers above 0.5 iu/ml 1 year later, demonstrating long-term boostable immunity. rabies antibody titers should be checked 1 year after primary rabies vaccination in persons at high ... | 2010 | 20018545 |
| low genetic diversities of rabies virus populations within different hosts in brazil. | the low rates of nonsynonymous evolution observed in natural rabies virus (rabv) isolates are suggested to have arisen in association with the structural and functional constraints operating on the virus protein and the infection strategies employed by rabv within infected hosts to avoid strong selection by the immune response. in order to investigate the relationship between the genetic characteristics of rabv populations within hosts and the virus evolution, the present study examined the gene ... | 2010 | 20018256 |
| advances in viral transneuronal tracing. | powerful transneuronal tracing technologies exploit the ability of some neurotropic viruses to travel across neuronal pathways and to function as self-amplifying markers. two main classes of viral transneuronal tracers are available, derived from alpha-herpesviruses (herpes simplex virus type 1, pseudorabies) and rabies virus. depending on the virus type and strain, there are major differences with regard to host range, peripheral uptake, replication mechanisms, transport direction and specifici ... | 2010 | 20004688 |
| bat rabies--a gordian knot? | although classical rabies is one of the earliest identified and best studied infectious diseases, there is still limited knowledge about lyssaviruses and their major natural hosts, bats. focussing on bat rabies in europe caused by european bat lyssaviruses 1 (eblv-1) and 2, for instance the association of eblv-1 to eptesicus bats and eblv-2 to myotis daubentonii and m. dasycneme together with an apparent clustering of cases is one question still to be answered. furthermore, the question whether ... | 2009 | 19999377 |
| a study of chick-embryo-adapted rabies virus. | 1941 | 19970552 | |
| phylogenetic analysis of rabies viruses from burkina faso, 2007. | genetic characterization of 32 canine rabies viruses circulating in burkina faso in 2007 identified two clades both belonging to the africa 2 lineage. sequence homology data suggest that transboundary spread is the most likely means of introduction, highlighting an evolving epidemiological situation. | 2010 | 19968849 |
| new adenovirus in bats, germany. | we tested 55 deceased vespertilionid bats of 12 species from southern germany for virus infections. a new adenovirus was isolated from tissue samples of 2 pipistrellus pipistrellus bats, which represents the only chiropteran virus isolate found in europe besides lyssavirus (rabies virus). evidence was found for adenovirus transmission between bats. | 2009 | 19961700 |
| [study on the feasibility of a cell-culture inoculation test in the detection and isolation of street rabies virus]. | feasibility of using mna cell-culture inoculation test to detect and isolate the street rabies virus. | 2009 | 19957630 |
| seroprevalences to viral pathogens in free-ranging and captive cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) on namibian farmland. | cheetah populations are diminishing rapidly in their natural habitat. one reason for their decline is thought to be a high susceptibility to (infectious) diseases because cheetahs in zoos suffer from high disease-induced mortality. data on the health status of free-ranging cheetahs are scarce, and little is known about their exposure and susceptibility to infectious diseases. we determined seroprevalences to nine key viruses (feline herpesvirus 1, feline calicivirus, feline parvovirus, feline co ... | 2010 | 19955325 |
| intergenotypic replacement of lyssavirus matrix proteins demonstrates the role of lyssavirus m proteins in intracellular virus accumulation. | lyssavirus assembly depends on the matrix protein (m). we compared lyssavirus m proteins from different genotypes for their ability to support assembly and egress of genotype 1 rabies virus (rabv). transcomplementation of m-deficient rabv with m from european bat lyssavirus (eblv) types 1 and 2 reduced the release of infectious virus. stable introduction of the heterogenotypic m proteins into rabv led to chimeric viruses with reduced virus release and intracellular accumulation of virus genomes. ... | 2010 | 19955305 |
| [biological characteristics of a chimeric rabies virus expressing canine parvovirus vp2 protein]. | to obtain a bivalence vaccine against canine rabies virus and canine parvovirus, a chimeric rabies virus expressing canine parvovirus vp2 protein was generated by the technique of reverse genetics. it was shown that the chimeric virus designated as hep-flury (vp2) grew well on bhk-21 cells and the vp2 gene could still be stably expressed after ten passages on bhk-21 cells. experiments on the mice immunized with the chimeric virus hep-flury (vp2) demonstrated that specific antibodies against rabi ... | 2009 | 19954113 |
| the cell biology of rabies virus: using stealth to reach the brain. | rabies virus, the prototypical neurotropic virus, causes one of the most lethal zoonotic diseases. according to official estimates, over 55,000 people die of the disease annually, but this is probably a severe underestimation. a combination of virulence factors enables the virus to enter neurons at peripheral sites and travel through the spinal cord to the brain of the infected host, where it often induces aggression that facilitates the transfer of the virus to a new host. this review summarize ... | 2010 | 19946287 |
| rna induced polymerization of the borna disease virus nucleoprotein. | the borna disease virus (bdv) nucleoprotein (n) monomer resembles the nucleoprotein structures from rabies virus (rabv) and vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv). we show that bdv n assembles into ring- and string-like structures in the presence of 5' genomic bdv rna. rna induced polymerization is partly rna-specific since polymerization is inefficient in the presence of 3' genomic bdv rna or e. coli rna. mutagenesis of basic residues located in the cleft made up by the n- and c-terminal domains of n ... | 2010 | 19945724 |
| a novel composite immunotoxin that suppresses rabies virus production by the infected cells. | using strepavidin as a scaffold, we have assembled a composite immunotoxin that consists of recombinant pseudomonas exotoxin a subunit (pe38) and recombinant 25-d1.16 fab fragment which recognizes the siinfekl (pov8) peptide from ovalbumin in association with h-2k(b) mhc class i protein. the composite immunotoxin exercises cytotoxicity against h-2k(b+) cells sensitized with pov8 peptide but not with irrelevant peptide. specific binding of the immunotoxin to h-2k(b+) cells infected with recombina ... | 2010 | 19932697 |
| comparison between rt-pcr and the mouse inoculation test for detection of rabies virus in samples kept for long periods under different conditions. | antigenic and genetic analyses are important tools for retrospective studies of rabies epidemiology in specific geographical areas. virus recovery and re-isolation from archival samples conserved for long periods at freezing temperature are essential for these studies. prolonged preservation, associated with temperature variations, causes significant loss of virus viability. however, molecular tools, such as rt-pcr, can overcome this problem. for this purpose, 95 positive samples stored for 4-13 ... | 2010 | 19931312 |
| enhancing comparative rabies dna vaccine effectiveness through glycoprotein gene modifications. | enhancing dna vaccine effectiveness remains a challenge, especially if the desired goal is immunization efficacy after a single dose. the glycoprotein gene from the rabies virus evelyn-rokitnicki-abelseth (era) strain was modified by mutation at amino acid residue 333 from arginine to glutamine. the modified and original unmodified glycoprotein genes were cloned separately and developed as dna vaccines for immunization in mice. the intramuscular (im) route using a single dose (100 microg) of a m ... | 2009 | 19925956 |
| no adverse effects of simultaneous vaccination with the immunocontraceptive gonacon and a commercial rabies vaccine on rabies virus neutralizing antibody production in dogs. | parenteral vaccination campaigns are integral to the elimination of canine rabies. to maximize herd immunity in dogs, immunocontraception provided at the time of rabies vaccination should reduce fecundity and dog abundance. gonacon has been used successfully as an immunocontraceptive in a variety of mammals, and by inference, the dog would be an ideal candidate for testing. as an initial step in evaluating a combination-vaccination program, we assessed the effects of gonacon on rabies virus neut ... | 2009 | 19925955 |
| development of combined vaccines for rabies and immunocontraception. | rabies prevention and appropriate population management of free-ranging animals have an important role to play in the eventual elimination of rabies in dogs. an effective sterilant based on rabies vaccines has the potential to create a supportive measure of public acceptability and to reduce associated clinic visit costs. we inserted the coding sequence of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) into different locations within the rabies virus era glycoprotein (g) gene, and demonstrated that the a ... | 2009 | 19925954 |
| poxvirus-vectored vaccines for rabies--a review. | oral rabies vaccination of target reservoir species has proved to be one of the pillars of successful rabies elimination programs. the use of live attenuated rabies virus vaccines has been extensive but several limitations hamper its future use. a recombinant vaccinia-rabies vaccine has also been successfully used for the oral vaccination of several species. nevertheless, its lack of efficacy in certain important rabies reservoirs and concerns on the use of this potent live virus as vaccine carr ... | 2009 | 19925953 |
| oral immunization of raccoons and skunks with a canine adenovirus recombinant rabies vaccine. | oral vaccination is an important part of wildlife rabies control programs. currently, the vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant virus is the only oral rabies vaccine licensed in the united states, and it is not effective in skunks. in the current study, captive raccoons and skunks were used to evaluate a vaccine developed by incorporating the rabies virus glycoprotein gene into a canine adenovirus serotype 2 vector (cav2-rvg). seven of 7 raccoons orally vaccinated with cav2-rvg developed viru ... | 2009 | 19925952 |
| influence of oral rabies vaccine bait density on rabies seroprevalence in wild raccoons. | the effect of different oral rabies vaccine (orv) bait densities (75, 150, and 300 baits/km(2)) on the seroprevalence of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies (rvnas) in raccoons (procyon lotor) was assessed at a 15% seroprevalence difference threshold in rural areas of northeast ohio. results (n=588 raccoons) indicated that seropositivity for rvnas was associated with both bait density and bait campaign frequency. associations were not detected for raccoon gender, age, or macro-habitat. the odds ... | 2009 | 19925951 |
| a robust lentiviral pseudotype neutralisation assay for in-field serosurveillance of rabies and lyssaviruses in africa. | the inflexibility of existing serological techniques for detection of rabies in surveillance constrains the benefit to be gained from many current control strategies. we analysed 304 serum samples from tanzanian dogs for the detection of rabies antibodies in a pseudotype assay using lentiviral vectors bearing the cvs-11 envelope glycoprotein. compared with the widely used gold standard fluorescent antibody virus neutralisation assay, a specificity of 100% and sensitivity of 94.4% with a strong c ... | 2009 | 19925950 |
| "early death" and the contraindication of vaccine during treatment of rabies. | administration of rabies vaccine or rabies immune globulin (rig) during symptomatic rabies is ineffective, and there are concerns about the phenomenon of "early death" reported in animals that develop rabies after receipt of rabies vaccine or immune globulin. survival analyses of the original animal data confirm these findings in two species, whereas analyses of human case reports and the milwaukee protocol registry suggest lower risk of "early death" in humans. there may be a deleterious intera ... | 2009 | 19925949 |
| rabies virus pathogenesis in relationship to intervention with inactivated and attenuated rabies vaccines. | despite progress in vaccine development in the past century the mechanisms behind immune responses elicited by rabies biologics or via natural infection remain largely unknown. in this study, we compared protection elicited by standard, early, or delayed prophylaxis with a reduced number of vaccine doses using inactivated and live-attenuated vaccines. two-month-old syrian hamsters, 4-week-old icr mice or adult rhesus macaques were inoculated with canine rabies virus variants. thereafter, prophyl ... | 2009 | 19925945 |
| evidence for a 4-dose vaccine schedule for human rabies post-exposure prophylaxis in previously non-vaccinated individuals. | after exposure, human rabies is preventable by prompt application of post-exposure prophylaxis. historically, the total number of rabies vaccine doses administered during human prophylaxis has decreased, as modern biologics have improved and scientific knowledge has grown. a review of the literature on rabies virus pathogenesis, experimental animal studies, clinical trials, epidemiological surveillance, and economic analyses was conducted to determine the potential utility of reducing the curren ... | 2009 | 19925944 |
| structure of the nucleoprotein binding domain of mokola virus phosphoprotein. | mokola virus (mokv) is a nonsegmented, negative-sense rna virus that belongs to the lyssavirus genus and rhabdoviridae family. mokv phosphoprotein p is an essential component of the replication and transcription complex and acts as a cofactor for the viral rna-dependent rna polymerase. p recruits the viral polymerase to the nucleoprotein-bound viral rna (n-rna) via an interaction between its c-terminal domain and the n-rna complex. here we present a structure for this domain of mokv p, obtained ... | 2010 | 19906936 |
| rabies in northeastern europe--the threat from invasive raccoon dogs. | the red fox (vulpes vulpes) is the main terrestrial wildlife rabies vector in europe. however, recently the raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides)--an invasive species originating from east asia--has become increasingly important as secondary host, especially in the baltic states. this imposes problems on neighboring rabies-free countries (such as finland), where the density of each of the two vector species on its own might be too low to sustain a long-term rabies epizootic, but the community o ... | 2009 | 19901385 |
| human rabies - missouri, 2008. | on november 24, 2008, the missouri state public health laboratory notified cdc of suspected rabies in a man aged 55 years from missouri. the man had been bitten by a bat 4--6 weeks before symptom onset and had not sought medical care at the time of the bite. after visiting two emergency departments (eds) with symptoms consistent with rabies, he was hospitalized on november 23 and treated using the milwaukee protocol. on november 26, infection with a rabies virus variant associated with silver-ha ... | 2009 | 19893481 |
| human vaccinia infection after contact with a raccoon rabies vaccine bait - pennsylvania, 2009. | since 2003, the u.s. department of agriculture's wildlife services has coordinated a multistate oral rabies vaccination (orv) program for wildlife in a 15-state zone extending from maine to alabama and in texas. the program seeks to enhance local control and prevent the spread of epizootic rabies among raccoons and, in texas, among gray foxes and coyotes. the program uses baits containing liquid vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein (v-rg) recombinant virus vaccine. because contact with ruptured baits ca ... | 2009 | 19893480 |
| risk of importing zoonotic diseases through wildlife trade, united states. | the united states is the world's largest wildlife importer, and imported wild animals represent a potential source of zoonotic pathogens. using data on mammals imported during 2000-2005, we assessed their potential to host 27 selected risk zoonoses and created a risk assessment that could inform policy making for wildlife importation and zoonotic disease surveillance. a total of 246,772 mammals in 190 genera (68 families) were imported. the most widespread agents of risk zoonoses were rabies vir ... | 2009 | 19891857 |
| a history estimate and evolutionary analysis of rabies virus variants in china. | to investigate the evolutionary dynamics of rabies virus (rabv) in china, we collected and sequenced 55 isolates sampled from 14 chinese provinces over the last 40 years and performed a coalescent-based analysis of the g gene. this revealed that the rabv currently circulating in china is composed of three main groups. bayesian coalescent analysis estimated the date of the most recent common ancestor for the current rabv chinese strains to be 1412 (with a 95 % confidence interval of 1006-1736). t ... | 2010 | 19889927 |
| development of a mouse monoclonal antibody cocktail for post-exposure rabies prophylaxis in humans. | as the demand for rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (pep) treatments has increased exponentially in recent years, the limited supply of human and equine rabies immunoglobulin (hrig and erig) has failed to provide the required passive immune component in pep in countries where canine rabies is endemic. replacement of hrig and erig with a potentially cheaper and efficacious alternative biological for treatment of rabies in humans, therefore, remains a high priority. in this study, we set out to ass ... | 2009 | 19888334 |
| effective prevention against rabies by intracerebral immunization in mice. | to evaluate the efficacy of intracerebral (ic) immunization, mice were immunized with a rabies vaccine by the subcutaneous (sc), intramuscular (im) or ic route, and 10-fold the 50% lethal dose of rabies virus was inoculated into the hindleg of the immunized or non-immunized mice. the antibody titer in serum was elevated and boosted by additional immunization via all routes, but highest after the ic immunization followed by the im and sc routes, in this order. intracerebrally immunized mice were ... | 2009 | 19887739 |
| rabies virus-based vaccines elicit neutralizing antibodies, poly-functional cd8+ t cell, and protect rhesus macaques from aids-like disease after siv(mac251) challenge. | highly attenuated rabies virus (rv) vaccine vectors were evaluated for their ability to protect against highly pathogenic siv(mac251) challenge. mamu-a*01 negative rhesus macaques were immunized in groups of four with either: rv expressing siv(mac239)-gagpol, a combination of rv expressing siv(mac239)-env and rv expressing siv(mac239)-gagpol, or with empty rv vectors. eight weeks later animals received a booster immunization with a heterologous rv expressing the same antigens. at 12 weeks post-b ... | 2009 | 19879223 |
| [reverse genetic system for rabies virus vaccine evelyn-rokitnicki-abelseth strain]. | to establish a reverse genetic system of rabies virus for producing safe and efficient rabies vaccine. | 2009 | 19873761 |
| influence of anesthesia on experimental neurotropic virus infections : ii. in vitro studies with the viruses of western and eastern equine encephalomyelitis, st. louis encephalitis, poliomyelitis (lansing), and rabies. | 1. experimental neurotropic virus infections previously shown to be altered by ether anesthesia are caused by viruses destroyed in vitro by anesthetic ether; this group includes the viruses of eastern equine encephalomyelitis, western equine encephalomyelitis, and st. louis encephalitis. 2. experimental neurotropic virus infections which were not altered by ether anesthesia are caused by viruses which are refractory to the in vitro virucidal activity of even large amounts of anesthetic ether; th ... | 1947 | 19871636 |
| influence of anesthesia on experimental neurotropic virus infections : i. in vivo studies with the viruses of western and eastern equine encephalomyelitis, st. louis encephalitis, poliomyelitis (lansing), and rabies. | anesthesia with diethyl ether significantly alters the course and outcome of experimental infections with the equine encephalomyelitis virus (eastern or western type) or with the st. louis encephalitis virus. no comparable effect is observed in experimental infections produced with rabies or poliomyelitis (lansing) viruses. the neurotropic virus infections altered by ether anesthesia are those caused by viruses which are destroyed in vitro by this anesthetic, and those infections not affected by ... | 1946 | 19871570 |
| the yield of rabies virus in the chick embryo. | rabies virus was inoculated intracerebrally in 8 day old chick embryos and the virus activity of pools of embryos titered after incubation at 35-36 degrees c. for different lengths of time. the virus reached a titer of 10(-5.5) to 10(-6.5) in 5 to to 6 days and remained at a rather constant level until the 9th day of the infection. the report by kligler and bernkopf that rabies virus will invade the very young embryo after inoculation on the chorioallantoic membrane was confirmed. | 1943 | 19871334 |
| a non-virulent, single-dose rabies vaccine for prophylactic immunization of dogs. | our studies on rabies vaccines thus far have led us to the view that in order to develop and test vaccines, quantitative methods are necessary, and that such quantitative methods may be exploited to greatest advantage by using mice, preferably w-swiss, as the test animal. dogs, due to their variability and susceptibility to intercurrent infections when kept under experimental conditions, are useful chiefly to check whether or not a vaccine produces a high grade of immunity; they remain of limite ... | 1942 | 19871228 |
| the complement fixation test in the diagnosis of virus infections of the central nervous system. | a specific complement fixation test can be obtained in various central nervous system virus infections by using as antigens emulsions of infected brain tissue, freezing and thawing the brain emulsion, and then centrifuging it in an angle head centrifuge at 3500 r.p.m. for 1 hour. the method has proved reliable in the case of rabies, st. louis encephalitis, japanese b encephalitis, lymphocytic choriomeningitis, eastern equine encephalomyelitis, western equine encephalomyelitis, louping ill, and s ... | 1941 | 19871144 |
| the quantity of irradiated non-virulent rabies virus required to immunize mice and dogs. | in the experiments described above, we found with respect to tissue culture rabies virus that 1 cc., which contains approximately 50,000 mouse intracerebral lethal doses, properly irradiated, was required to immunize a mouse; 500 cc., which contain 25,000,000 doses, were required to immunize a 20 pound beagle dog. tissue culture virus concentrated ten times proved capable of immunizing mice in a dose one-tenth as large as that required for unconcentrated culture virus. brain virus suspensions we ... | 1941 | 19871099 |
| influence of age factors on immunizability of mice to rabies virus. | 1. w-swiss mice 60 or more days old are more readily immunizable against rabies virus infection than 20 day old or younger mice; this difference in immunizability with increasing age is most conspicuous when vaccination with virulent virus is followed by intracerebral test infection and least apparent when vaccination with avirulent virus is followed by intramuscular test infection. 2. the titre of circulating neutralizing antibodies does not parallel the titre of immunity. | 1940 | 19871036 |
| influence of age factors on susceptibility of mice to rabies virus. | 1. 7 to 9 day old mice are more susceptible than older mice to injections of fixed or street virus by any route. 2. 20 day old mice are more susceptible than 60 day old mice to peripheral but not intracerebral injection of fixed virus. 3. 20 day and 60 day old mice are equally susceptible to street virus. | 1940 | 19871035 |
| the use of ultraviolet light in preparing a non-virulent antirabies vaccine. | rabies virus, exposed to the rays of a mercury vapor lamp under proper conditions, loses virulence yet retains considerable immunizing potency for mice. | 1940 | 19871034 |
| characteristics of a strain of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus encountered as a contaminant in tissue cultures of rabies virus. | a strain of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus has been encountered, which grows readily in mouse embryo, serum, tyrode culture media. its origin is not definitely known but appears to be either the mouse brain tissue or, more probably, the monkey serum. this strain gives clear cut results on filtration tests through elford membranes, establishing the size of the virus, according to formula, as 33 to 50 mmicro. the strain shows a high and uniform virulence in w-swiss mice. this appears to be due ... | 1940 | 19870952 |
| propagation of rabies virus in tissue culture. | rabies virus has been propagated in serum-tyrode solution containing either embryo mouse brain or embryo chick brain. the culture virus reached a titre of 3 x 10(-5) cc. after 4 days' incubation at 37 degrees c., and survived at least 2 months at 5 degrees c. in the liquid or dry state. | 1937 | 19870646 |
| inheritance of resistance of mice to enteric bacterial and neurotropic virus infections. | under the conditions specified, there may be selected promptly from a hybrid stock of mice, of which 40 to 50 per cent die following a standard dose of b. enteritidis or st. louis encephalitis virus, lines in which as high as 95 per cent and as low as 15 per cent succumb. three lines,-one bacteria-susceptible-virus-susceptible, one bacteria-susceptible-virus-resistant, and one bacteria-resistant-virus-susceptible,-are regarded as remaining relatively stable after approximately twelve generations ... | 1937 | 19870600 |
| immunological studies with herpes virus with a consideration of the herpes-encephalitis problem. | in the preceding experiments observations have been reported upon the nature of herpes virus which confirm the suspicion that the virus is intracellularly located in the infected nervous system. in regard to the immunological conditions existing in this disease, our experiments have reaffirmed that herpes virus can be neutralized with the serum of actively immunized animals and have offered an explanation for the irregularity of the results of others, as well as our own. it has been found that b ... | 1926 | 19869171 |
| studies on the pathogenesis of rabies in insectivorous bats : ii. influence of environmental temperature. | studies on the influence of environmental temperature on the pathogenesis of rabies in two species of experimentally infected chiroptera, the mexican free-tailed bat (tadarida mexicana) and the little brown bat (myotis lucifugus), provided evidence that little or no viral multiplication occurs in the inactive host during experimentally induced hibernation. when inoculated animals are wakened from hibernation by transfer to a warm room, virus previously in "cold storage" multiplies, reaching dete ... | 1960 | 19867178 |
| correlation of cytokine expression with rabies virus distribution in rabies encephalitis. | rabies encephalitis is a significant health hazard, particularly in asia. to understand the role of immune mechanisms and cytokines in rabies encephalitis, we performed a retrospective and prospective study on the autopsy material. representative histopathological sections were studied and subjected to immunostaining for rabies virus antigen, tnf-alpha and il-1beta. immunohistochemistry for il-1beta and tnf-alpha revealed expression of these cytokines in 96% of cases in microglial cells, macroph ... | 2009 | 19857907 |
| study of kinetic parameters for the production of recombinant rabies virus glycoprotein. | gene expression in insect cells is an advantageous system for recombinant protein production, mainly because of its capacity to produce complex proteins with correct post-translational modifications. recently, we identified and purified a protein from lonomia obliqua hemolymph able to increase the production of rabies virus glycoprotein, expressed in drosophila melanogaster cells, by about 60%. in this work, the kinetic parameters for cell growth and recombinant rabies virus glycoprotein product ... | 2009 | 19842054 |
| molecular epidemiology of rabies virus isolates in uganda. | african field rabies virus isolates from domestic animals can be phylogenetically divided into three geographic lineages: africa 1a (north and west africa); africa 1b (east and south africa); africa 2 (west africa). partial nucleotide sequences of the rabies virus nucleoprotein gene (203-nt) were obtained from five dogs and three goats in uganda. the analyzed ugandan field rabies viruses were categorized into the africa 1a and africa 1b lineages. the present study thus demonstrates that two afri ... | 2010 | 19836426 |
| serum antibody titers following routine rabies vaccination in african elephants. | to evaluate serum antibody titers in captive african elephants (loxodonta africana) following routine vaccination with a commercially available, inactivated rabies vaccine. | 2009 | 19827985 |
| rabies virus glycoprotein expression in drosophila s2 cells: influence of re-selection on protein expression. | the aim of this study was to achieve expression of recombinant rabies virus glycoprotein (rrvgp) in drosophila s2 cells. for this, a cdna coding for the selection hygromycin antibiotic and the cdna encoding the rvgp protein under the control of the constitutive actin promoter (ac) were cloned in an expression plasmid, which was transfected into s2 cells. s2 cell populations (s2acrvgphy) showed rrvgp expression in cell lysates, attaining concentrations up to 1.5 microg/10(7) cells (705 microg/l). ... | 2009 | 19824020 |
| high level expression of a functionally active cholera toxin b: rabies glycoprotein fusion protein in tobacco seeds. | a synthetic dna construct containing cholera toxin b subunit, genetically fused to the surface glycoprotein of rabies virus was expressed in tobacco plants from a seed specific (legumin) promoter. seed specific expression was monitored by real-time pcr, gm1-elisa and western blot analyses. the fusion protein accumulated in tobacco seeds at up to 1.22% of the total seed protein. it was functionally active in binding to the gm1-ganglioside receptors, suggesting its assembly into pentamers in seeds ... | 2009 | 19820945 |
| rabies glycoprotein fused with b subunit of cholera toxin expressed in tobacco plants folds into biologically active pentameric protein. | the pentameric b subunit of cholera toxin (ctxb) is an efficient mucosal adjuvant for vaccines. we report the expression of a chimeric protein comprising the synthetic cholera toxin b subunit fused at its c-terminal with rabies surface glycoprotein (g protein) in tobacco plants. the approximately 80.3 kda fusion polypeptide expressed at 0.4% of the total soluble protein in leaves of the selected transgenic lines. the fusion protein formed a approximately 403 kda pentameric protein which was func ... | 2010 | 19818857 |
| selection and affinity maturation of human antibodies against rabies virus from a scfv gene library using ribosome display. | we selected useful antibody fragments against rabies virus from a human single chain variable fragment (scfv) gene library using ribosome display technique. the recombinant rabies virus glycoprotein (rvgp) was used as an antigen to isolate specific scfvs. after five rounds of selection, the analysis demonstrated that scfv-ribosome-mrna complexes were specifically selected against rvgp. sequence analysis showed that mutations were introduced at random by pcr among the rounds of selection and vari ... | 2009 | 19818816 |
| the production of antibody by invading b cells is required for the clearance of rabies virus from the central nervous system. | the pathogenesis of rabies is associated with the inability to deliver immune effectors across the blood-brain barrier and to clear virulent rabies virus from cns tissues. however, the mechanisms that facilitate immune effector entry into cns tissues are induced by infection with attenuated rabies virus. | 2009 | 19806203 |
| [rabies in artibeus lituratus bats in montes claros, state of minas gerais]. | the first isolation of the rabies virus in frugivorous bats of the species artibeus lituratus in montes claros, state of minas gerais, is presented. the diagnosis was obtained through the direct immunofluorescence reaction, biological tests and viral profiling. although canine rabies is under control in this city, the rabies virus continues to circulate in bats in the urban area. | 2009 | 19802484 |
| [exposure to human rabies and the related risk factors in guangdong]. | 2009 | 19799159 | |
| [the function of helper plasmids from hep-flury strain rabies virus on encapsidating the full-length genome of ctn strain]. | to identify the helper plasmids from hep-flury strain rabies virus that could encapsidate the full-length genome of ctn strain. | 2009 | 19799148 |
| [preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to rabies virus cvs-11 strain]. | to get the high specific and sensitive mononclonal antibodies against rv. | 2009 | 19799024 |
| overview, prevention, and treatment of rabies. | each year, approximately 55,000 individuals worldwide die from an infection due to the rabies virus. rabies is a life-threatening disease caused by an rna virus that is usually transmitted to humans through bites from rabid animals. more recently, reports of transmission by means of organ transplantation have been reported. since human rabies is nearly 100% fatal if prophylactic measures are not followed, an increased awareness of who should receive prophylaxis and when prophylaxis should be adm ... | 2009 | 19792992 |
| emerging technologies for the detection of rabies virus: challenges and hopes in the 21st century. | the diagnosis of rabies is routinely based on clinical and epidemiological information, especially when exposures are reported in rabies-endemic countries. diagnostic tests using conventional assays that appear to be negative, even when undertaken late in the disease and despite the clinical diagnosis, have a tendency, at times, to be unreliable. these tests are rarely optimal and entirely dependent on the nature and quality of the sample supplied. in the course of the past three decades, the ap ... | 2009 | 19787037 |
| novel vaccines to human rabies. | rabies, the most fatal of all infectious diseases, remains a major public health problem in developing countries, claiming the lives of an estimated 55,000 people each year. most fatal rabies cases, with more than half of them in children, result from dog bites and occur among low-income families in southeast asia and africa. safe and efficacious vaccines are available to prevent rabies. however, they have to be given repeatedly, three times for pre-exposure vaccination and four to five times fo ... | 2009 | 19787033 |
| binding of rabies virus polymerase cofactor to recombinant circular nucleoprotein-rna complexes. | in rabies virus, the attachment of the l polymerase (l) to the viral nucleocapsids (ncs)-a nucleoprotein (n)-rna complex that serves as template for rna transcription and replication-is mediated by the polymerase cofactor, the phosphoprotein (p). p forms dimers (p(2)) that bind through their c-terminal domains (p(ctd)) to the c-terminal region of the n. recombinant circular n(m)-rna complexes containing 9 to 12 protomers of n (hereafter, the subscript m denotes the number of n protomers) served ... | 2009 | 19781554 |
| bayesian phylogeography finds its roots. | as a key factor in endemic and epidemic dynamics, the geographical distribution of viruses has been frequently interpreted in the light of their genetic histories. unfortunately, inference of historical dispersal or migration patterns of viruses has mainly been restricted to model-free heuristic approaches that provide little insight into the temporal setting of the spatial dynamics. the introduction of probabilistic models of evolution, however, offers unique opportunities to engage in this sta ... | 2009 | 19779555 |