Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| poxvirus complement control proteins are expressed on the cell surface through an intermolecular disulfide bridge with the viral a56 protein. | the vaccinia virus (vacv) complement control protein (vcp) is an immunomodulatory protein that is both secreted from and expressed on the surface of infected cells. surface expression of vcp occurs though an interaction with the viral transmembrane protein a56 and is dependent on a free n-terminal cysteine of vcp. although a56 and vcp have been shown to interact in infected cells, the mechanism remains unclear. to investigate if a56 is sufficient for surface expression, we transiently expressed ... | 2010 | 20719953 |
| new candidate vaccines against blood-stage plasmodium falciparum malaria: prime-boost immunization regimens incorporating human and simian adenoviral vectors and poxviral vectors expressing an optimized antigen based on merozoite surface protein 1. | although merozoite surface protein 1 (msp-1) is a leading candidate vaccine antigen for blood-stage malaria, its efficacy in clinical trials has been limited in part by antigenic polymorphism and potentially by the inability of protein-in-adjuvant vaccines to induce strong cellular immunity. here we report the design of novel vectored plasmodium falciparum vaccines capable of overcoming such limitations. we optimized an antigenic insert comprising the four conserved blocks of msp-1 fused to tand ... | 2010 | 20713623 |
| alternate mechanisms of initial pattern recognition drive differential immune responses to related poxviruses. | vaccinia immunization was pivotal to successful smallpox eradication. however, the early immune responses that distinguish poxvirus immunization from pathogenic infection remain unknown. to address this, we developed a strategy to map the activation of key signaling networks in vivo and applied this approach to define and compare the earliest signaling events elicited by immunizing (vaccinia) and lethal (ectromelia) poxvirus infections in mice. vaccinia induced rapid tlr2-dependent responses, le ... | 2010 | 20709294 |
| vaccinia virus is not inactivated after thermal treatment and cheese production using experimentally contaminated milk. | bovine vaccinia is an emergent zoonosis caused by the vaccinia virus (vacv). the disease is characterized by the appearance of exanthematic lesions that occur in humans and dairy cows. previous studies have revealed the presence of infectious viral particles in milk samples during an outbreak of bovine vaccinia in brazil, indicating the possibility of disease transmission through raw milk. to assess the viability of the virus in milk after thermal treatment and processing procedures, milk sample ... | 2010 | 20707725 |
| a carpet-based mechanism for direct antimicrobial peptide activity against vaccinia virus membranes. | antimicrobial peptides have activity against a wide variety of biological membranes and are an important component of innate immunity in vertebrate as well as invertebrate systems. the mechanisms of action of these peptides are incompletely understood and a number of competing but not necessarily mutually exclusive models exist. in this study we examined the virucidal activity of four peptides, the human cathelicidin derived ll37, xenopus alanine-substituted magainin-2 amide, uperin-3.1, and a c ... | 2010 | 20705109 |
| the combination of immunosuppression and carrier cells significantly enhances the efficacy of oncolytic poxvirus in the pre-immunized host. | pre-existing antipoxvirus immunity in cancer patients presents a severe barrier to poxvirus-mediated oncolytic virotherapy. we have explored strategies of immunosuppression (is) and/or immune evasion for efficient delivery of an oncolytic double-deleted vaccinia virus (vvdd) to tumors in the pre-immunized mice. transient is using immunosuppressive drugs, including tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil and methylprednisolone sodium succinate, have been used successfully in organ transplantation. this ... | 2010 | 20703311 |
| viral cell death inhibitor mc159 enhances innate immunity against vaccinia virus infection. | viral inhibitors of host programmed cell death (pcd) are widely believed to promote viral replication by preventing or delaying host cell death. viral flips (fas-linked ice-like protease [flice; caspase-8]-like inhibitor proteins) are potent inhibitors of death receptor-induced apoptosis and programmed necrosis. surprisingly, transgenic expression of the viral flip mc159 from molluscum contagiosum virus (mcv) in mice enhanced rather than inhibited the innate immune control of vaccinia virus (vv) ... | 2010 | 20702623 |
| [use of antibiotics in the treatment of ulceronecrotic tonsillitis due to vaccination by tabletted smallpox vaccine]. | clinical trials of tabletted pox vaccine revealed development of tonsillitis as a postvaccinal reaction in some volunteers: ulceronecrotic lesions in the tonsils, lymphadenitis, hyperthermia and asthenia. the main cause of the local inflammatory reactions was activation of the host opportunistic microflora including hemolytic streptococci and staphylococcus aureus. for the treatment of the infectious complications systemic antimicrobials, such as benzylpenicillin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, cefazo ... | 2010 | 20695204 |
| single-shot immunization with recombinant adenovirus encoding vaccinia virus glycoprotein a27l is protective against a virulent respiratory poxvirus infection. | significant safety issues have emerged concerning the general use of dryvax((r)) vaccine. vaccination with replication-defective recombinant adenovirus (rad) vaccines may offer a safer and effective alternative to live vaccinia virus (vv) vaccination. six individual poxvirus glycoproteins: a33r, a34r, a36r, b5r, a27l or l1r that are normally expressed on the surface of infectious vaccinia virus were encoded in rad vaccines and tested in mice in this study. a single-shot intramuscular injection o ... | 2010 | 20685199 |
| animal models of orthopoxvirus infection. | smallpox was one of the most devastating diseases known to humanity. although smallpox was eradicated through a historically successful vaccination campaign, there is concern in the global community that either variola virus (varv), the causative agent of smallpox, or another species of orthopoxvirus could be used as agents of bioterrorism. therefore, development of countermeasures to orthopoxvirus infection is a crucial focus in biodefense research, and these efforts rely on the use of various ... | 2010 | 20682806 |
| prime-boost vaccinations using recombinant flavivirus replicon and vaccinia virus vaccines: an elispot analysis. | recombinant kunjin replicon virus-like particle (vlp), vaccinia virus (rvv) and dna vaccines were tested in a large series of prime-boost vaccinations using interferon (ifn)γ elispot assays that reflected effector (e), effector memory (em) and central memory (cm) responses. all vaccine constructs encoded the murine polytope immunogen and responses to four cd8 t-cell epitopes (tyqrtralv, syipsaeki, yphfmptnl and rpqasgvym) were measured. vlp/rvv out performed (by 14- to 20-fold) dna/rvv for induc ... | 2011 | 20680025 |
| a major role for tlr8 in the recognition of vaccinia viral dna by murine pdc? | 2010 | 20679190 | |
| the neutralizing antibody response to the vaccinia virus a28 protein is specifically enhanced by its association with the h2 protein. | the vaccinia virus (vacv) entry-fusion complex (efc) is composed of at least nine membrane proteins. immunization of mice with individual efc genes induced corresponding protein-binding antibody but failed to protect against vacv intranasal challenge and only dna encoding a28 elicited low neutralizing antibody. because the a28 and h2 proteins interact, we determined the effect of immunizing with both genes simultaneously. this procedure greatly enhanced the amount of antibody that bound intact v ... | 2010 | 20673745 |
| analysis of a47, an immunoprevalent protein of vaccinia virus, leads to a reevaluation of the total antiviral cd8+ t cell response. | vaccinia virus (vacv) is the prototypic orthopoxvirus and was the live vaccine used to eradicate smallpox. in addition, vacv is a possible vector for recombinant vaccines. despite these reasons for study, the roles of many vacv genes are unknown, and some fundamental aspects, such as the total size of immune responses, remain poorly characterized. vacv gene a47l is of interest because it is highly transcribed, has no sequence similarity to any nonpoxvirus gene, and contains a larger-than-expecte ... | 2010 | 20668091 |
| a new cistron in the murine hepatitis virus replicase gene. | we report an rna-negative, temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant of murine hepatitis virus, bristol ts31 (mhv-brts31), that defines a new complementation group within the mhv replicase gene locus. mhv-brts31 has near-normal levels of rna synthesis at the permissive temperature of 33 degrees c but is unable to synthesize viral rna when the infection is initiated and maintained at the nonpermissive temperature of 39.5 degrees c. sequence analysis of mhv-brts31 rna indicated that a single g-to-a transi ... | 2010 | 20668085 |
| introduction of the six major genomic deletions of modified vaccinia virus ankara (mva) into the parental vaccinia virus is not sufficient to reproduce an mva-like phenotype in cell culture and in mice. | modified vaccinia virus ankara (mva) has a highly restricted host range in cell culture and is apathogenic in vivo. mva was derived from the parental chorioallantois vaccinia virus ankara (cva) by more than 570 passages in chicken embryo fibroblast (cef) cells. during cef cell passaging, six major deletions comprising 24,668 nucleotides occurred in the cva genome. we have cloned both the mva and the parental cva genome as bacterial artificial chromosomes (bacs) and have sequentially introduced t ... | 2010 | 20668072 |
| functional divergence among cd103+ dendritic cell subpopulations following pulmonary poxvirus infection. | a large number of dendritic cell (dc) subsets have now been identified based on the expression of a distinct array of surface markers as well as differences in functional capabilities. more recently, the concept of unique subsets has been extended to the lung, although the functional capabilities of these subsets are only beginning to be explored. of particular interest are respiratory dcs that express cd103. these cells line the airway and act as sentinels for pathogens that enter the lung, mig ... | 2010 | 20660207 |
| diazepam leads to enhanced severity of orthopoxvirus infection and immune suppression. | benzodiazepines are drugs widely used as tranquilizers and in various other indications. we treated balb/c mice with diazepam and infected them with cowpox (cpxv) and vaccinia virus (vacv). disease index, weight loss and the antibody response were determined. additionally the influence of different benzodiazepines on the mitogen response of human peripheral blood lymphocytes and spleen cells was tested. diazepam led to earlier disease onset, prolonged duration of symptoms, higher weight loss and ... | 2010 | 20659521 |
| a protein-based smallpox vaccine protects non-human primates from a lethal monkeypox virus challenge. | concerns about infections caused by orthopoxviruses, such as variola and monkeypox viruses, drive ongoing efforts to develop novel smallpox vaccines that are both effective and safe to use in diverse populations. a subunit smallpox vaccine comprising vaccinia virus membrane proteins a33, b5, l1, a27 and aluminum hydroxide (alum) ± cpg was administered to non-human primates, which were subsequently challenged with a lethal intravenous dose of monkeypox virus. alum adjuvanted vaccines provided onl ... | 2010 | 20659519 |
| single-shot immunization with recombinant adenovirus encoding vaccinia virus glycoprotein a27l is protective against a virulent respiratory poxvirus infection. | significant safety issues have emerged concerning the general use of dryvax vaccine. vaccination with replication-defective recombinant adenovirus (rad) vaccines may offer a safer and effective alternative to live vaccinia virus (vv) vaccination. six individual poxvirus glycoproteins: a33r, a34r, a36r, b5r, a27l or l1r that are normally expressed on the surface of infectious vaccinia virus were encoded in rad vaccines and tested in mice in this study. a single-shot intramuscular injection of rad ... | 2010 | 20653083 |
| pan-cc chemokine neutralization restricts splenocyte egress and reduces inflammation in a model of arthritis. | chemokines are key regulators of leukocyte trafficking and play a crucial role under homeostatic and inflammatory conditions. because chemokines are involved in multiple pathologies, they represent an attractive class of therapeutic targets. however, because of the redundancy of this system, neutralizing a single chemokine may be insufficient to achieve therapeutic benefit. our strategy was to use a fc-fusion recombinant protein form of the poxvirus-derived viral cc chemokine inhibitor protein ( ... | 2010 | 20644170 |
| insights into the molecular determinants involved in cap recognition by the vaccinia virus d10 decapping enzyme. | decapping enzymes are required for the removal of the 5'-end (m7)gpppn cap of mrnas to allow their decay in cells. while many cap-binding proteins recognize the cap structure via the stacking of the methylated guanosine ring between two aromatic residues, the precise mechanism of cap recognition by decapping enzymes has yet to be determined. in order to get insights into the interaction of decapping enzymes with the cap structure, we studied the vaccinia virus d10 decapping enzyme as a model to ... | 2010 | 20639534 |
| comparison of ox40 ligand and cd70 in the promotion of cd4+ t cell responses. | the tnf superfamily members cd70 and ox40 ligand (ox40l) were reported to be important for cd4(+) t cell expansion and differentiation. however, the relative contribution of these costimulatory signals in driving cd4(+) t cell responses has not been addressed. in this study, we found that ox40l is a more important determinant than cd70 of the primary cd4(+) t cell response to multiple immunization regimens. despite the ability of a combined tlr and cd40 agonist (tlr/cd40) stimulus to provoke app ... | 2010 | 20639485 |
| efficacy and safety of a modified vaccinia ankara (mva) vectored plague vaccine in mice. | the efficacy and safety of plague vaccines based on the modified vaccinia ankara (mva) viral vector was evaluated. mva recombinants were constructed expressing yersinia pestis antigens under the translational control of the encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) internal ribosomal entry site (ires) and/or fused to the tissue plasminogen activator (tpa) secretory signal. a mva/y. pestis recombinant that expressed a truncated version of the low-calcium response v antigen (mva/ires/tpa/v(307)), conferre ... | 2010 | 20638759 |
| a flow cytometry-based immuno-titration assay for rapid and accurate titer determination of modified vaccinia ankara virus vectors. | a flow cytometry-based immuno-titration titer assay was established to determine infectious unit (iu) and transducing unit (tu) of modified vaccinia ankara (mva) virus vectors. this titration method enumerates infected cells by measuring the expression of viral protein for iu and transgene protein for tu in individual cells after staining with fluorophore-conjugated antibodies. it presents many advantages over standard virus titration approaches, such as tcid(50) or plaque assay, for its conveni ... | 2010 | 20637240 |
| significant growth inhibition of canine mammary carcinoma xenografts following treatment with oncolytic vaccinia virus glv-1h68. | canine mammary carcinoma is a highly metastatic tumor that is poorly responsive to available treatment. therefore, there is an urgent need to identify novel agents for therapy of this disease. recently, we reported that the oncolytic vaccinia virus glv-1h68 could be a useful tool for therapy of canine mammary adenoma in vivo. in this study we analyzed the therapeutic effect of glv-1h68 against canine mammary carcinoma. cell culture data demonstrated that glv-1h68 efficiently infected and destroy ... | 2010 | 20631910 |
| modified vaccinia virus ankara exerts potent immune modulatory activities in a murine model. | modified vaccinia virus ankara (mva), a highly attenuated strain of vaccinia virus, has been used as vaccine delivery vector in preclinical and clinical studies against infectious diseases and malignancies. here, we investigated whether an mva which does not encode any antigen (ag) could be exploited as adjuvant per se. | 2010 | 20628596 |
| vaccinia virus-encoded ribonucleotide reductase subunits are differentially required for replication and pathogenesis. | ribonucleotide reductases (rrs) are evolutionarily-conserved enzymes that catalyze the rate-limiting step during dntp synthesis in mammals. rr consists of both large (r1) and small (r2) subunits, which are both required for catalysis by the r1(2)r2(2) heterotetrameric complex. poxviruses also encode rr proteins, but while the orthopoxviruses infecting humans [e.g. vaccinia (vacv), variola, cowpox, and monkeypox viruses] encode both r1 and r2 subunits, the vast majority of chordopoxviruses encode ... | 2010 | 20628573 |
| functional f11l and k1l genes in modified vaccinia virus ankara restore virus-induced cell motility but not growth in human and murine cells. | modified vaccinia virus ankara (mva) was generated by serial passaging in chicken embryo fibroblasts. during this attenuation, mva lost the capacity to productively grow in human and most other mammalian cell lines, as well as acquiring a multitude of deletions and mutations in the mva genome. this means that the precise molecular basis for the mva host-range restriction is still unknown. the vaccinia virus (vacv) genes f11l and k1l are mutated or truncated in mva. f11l was previously implicated ... | 2010 | 20627347 |
| tc17 cells are capable of mediating immunity to vaccinia virus by acquisition of a cytotoxic phenotype. | cd8 t cells can acquire cytokine-secreting phenotypes paralleling cytokine production from th cells. il-17-secreting cd8 t cells, termed tc17 cells, were shown to promote inflammation and mediate immunity to influenza. however, most reports observed a lack of cytotoxic activity by tc17 cells. in this study, we explored the anti-viral activity of tc17 cells using a vaccinia virus (vv) infection model. tc17 cells expanded during vv infection, and tcr transgenic tc17 cells were capable of clearing ... | 2010 | 20624947 |
| quantitative and qualitative features of heterologous virus-vector-induced antigen-specific cd8+ t cells against trypanosoma cruzi infection. | we studied some aspects of the quantitative and qualitative features of heterologous recombinant (re) virus-vector-induced, antigen-specific cd8(+) t cells against trypanosoma cruzi. we used three different, highly attenuated re-viruses, i.e., influenza virus, adenovirus and vaccinia virus, which all expressed a single, t. cruzi antigen-derived cd8(+) t-cell epitope. the use of two out of three vectors or the triple virus-vector vaccination regimen not only confirmed that the re-vaccinia virus, ... | 2010 | 20620143 |
| intradermal delivery of recombinant vaccinia virus vector dis induces gut-mucosal immunity. | antigen-specific mucosal immunity is generally induced by the stimulation of inductive mucosal sites. in this study, we found that the replication-deficient vaccinia virus vector, dis, generates antigen-specific mucosal immunity and systemic responses. following intradermal injection of recombinant dis expressing simian immunodeficiency virus gag (rdissivgag), we observed increased levels of siv p27-specific iga and igg antibodies in faecal extracts and plasma samples, and antibody-forming cells ... | 2010 | 20618768 |
| autoantigens plus interleukin-10 suppress diabetes autoimmunity. | recombinant vaccinia virus (rvv) strains expressing the immunomodulatory cholera toxin b subunit (ctb) fused to the autoantigen glutamic acid decarboxylase (gad) or the immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin-10 (il-10) were independently able to generate only low levels of immune suppression of type 1 diabetes mellitus (t1dm). here we suggest that a vaccinia virus (vv)-mediated combination of ctb::gad fusion and il-10 proteins promises a effective and durable immunotherapeutic strategy for t1dm. | 2010 | 20615107 |
| insertion of vaccinia virus c7l host range gene into nyvac-b genome potentiates immune responses against hiv-1 antigens. | the highly attenuated vaccinia virus strain nyvac expressing hiv-1 components has been evaluated as a vaccine candidate in preclinical and clinical trials with encouraging results. we have previously described that the presence of c7l in the nyvac genome prevents the induction of apoptosis and renders the vector capable of replication in human and murine cell lines while maintaining an attenuated phenotype in mice. | 2010 | 20613977 |
| isolation of virus-cell fusion inhibitory components from the stem bark of styrax japonica s. et z. | five compounds, styraxjaponoside a (1), matairesinoside (2), egonol glucoside (3), dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol 9'-o-glucoside (4), and styraxjaponoside b (5) were isolated from the stem bark of styrax japonica. among them, compounds 1 and 5 showed significantly high virus-cell fusion inhibitory activity. in addition, compound 5 exhibited almost equivalent virus-cell fusion inhibitory activity to that of dextran sulfate, which is used as a positive control. | 2010 | 20607490 |
| improvements in the rabbit scarification method for the assay of smallpox vaccine. | for many years in the usa and at least eighteen other countries in the world, the rabbit scarification method, with modifications, has been the laboratory test system used in assaying potency and in standardizing smallpox vaccines. a revaluation of this control procedure has led to further attempts to improve the method and to the studies described in this paper. refinements in the method include an improved scarifying instrument permitting more uniform vaccination results, a modified rabbit tes ... | 1961 | 20604098 |
| stimulated neuronal expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor by neurotropin. | expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf) was stimulated in human neuroblastoma sh-sy5y cells by a nonprotein extract of inflamed rabbit skin inoculated with vaccinia virus (neurotropin), an analgesic widely used in japan for treatment of disorders associated with chronic pain, with the optimal dosage at 10mnu/ml. this stimulation was accompanied by activations of p42/44 map kinase, creb and c-fos expression. inhibitors of map kinases or pi 3-kinase prevented the stimulatory action ... | 2010 | 20600926 |
| il-17 is a potent synergistic factor with gm-csf in mice in stimulating myelopoiesis, dendritic cell expansion, proliferation, and functional enhancement. | interleukin (il)-17, which now defines the th(17) immune response, is a critical cytokine expressed and required for stress granulopoiesis during microbial invasion. dendritic cells (dc) can instigate this response by inducing il-17 expression in cd4(+) t cells. besides il-17, microbial invasion also stimulates production of the dc growth factor granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf). the objective was the in vitro and in vivo investigation of il-17 on dc proliferation and fun ... | 2010 | 20600582 |
| vaccinia virus infection after sexual contact with a military smallpox vaccinee -washington, 2010. | on march 1, 2010, the washington state department of health (wadoh) notified public health - seattle & king county (phskc) of a suspected case of contact transmission of vaccinia virus from sexual contact with a member of the military who had been vaccinated against smallpox. vaccinia virus infection after sexual contact has been reported previously (1-4). despite the patient's exposure history and clinical presentation, the diagnosis initially was not considered by the patient's physician, who ... | 2010 | 20592687 |
| combination therapy of vaccinia virus infection with human anti-h3 and anti-b5 monoclonal antibodies in a small animal model. | treatment of rare severe side effects of vaccinia virus (vacv) immunization in humans is currently very challenging. vacv possesses two immunologically distinct virion forms in vivo - intracellular mature virion (mv, imv) and extracellular virion (ev, eev). | 2010 | 20587859 |
| role of pkr and type i ifns in viral control during primary and secondary infection. | type i interferons (ifns) are known to mediate viral control, and also promote survival and expansion of virus-specific cd8+ t cells. however, it is unclear whether signaling cascades involved in eliciting these diverse cellular effects are also distinct. one of the best-characterized anti-viral signaling mechanisms of type i ifns is mediated by the ifn-inducible dsrna activated protein kinase, pkr. here, we have investigated the role of pkr and type i ifns in regulating viral clearance and cd8+ ... | 2010 | 20585572 |
| a kinome rnai screen identified ampk as promoting poxvirus entry through the control of actin dynamics. | poxviruses include medically important human pathogens, yet little is known about the specific cellular factors essential for their replication. to identify genes essential for poxvirus infection, we used high-throughput rna interference to screen the drosophila kinome for factors required for vaccinia infection. we identified seven genes including the three subunits of ampk as promoting vaccinia infection. ampk not only facilitated infection in insect cells, but also in mammalian cells. moreove ... | 2010 | 20585561 |
| [interferon inductor cupping of postvaccinal complications after variolation]. | efficacy of arbidol and ridostin in cupping postvaccinal complications due to variolation was studied by the clinico-virological, hematological and biochemical indices and it was shown that arbidol was efficient in cupping development of dermal complications, lowered the severity of the postvaccinal reaction and stimulated the cellular and humoral immune response. ridostin, a high molecular interferon inductor, was highly efficient in cupping all the forms of the postvaccinal complications, incl ... | 2010 | 20583552 |
| antiproliferative effects of 111in- or 177lu-dotatoc on cells exposed to low multiplicity-of-infection double-deleted vaccinia virus encoding somatostatin subtype-2 receptor. | oncolytic viruses may be limited in their ability to infect and lyse tumor cells because of penetration barriers and viral elimination by the immune system. combining virotherapy with targeted radiotherapy that uses (111)in- or (177)lu-dotatoc may address such issues by spatially enhancing antitumor effects through bystander and/or cross-fire phenomena. in this study, a double-deleted vaccinia virus (vvdd) encoding the gene for somatostatin subtype-2 receptor (sstr-2) infected mc-38 murine colon ... | 2010 | 20578838 |
| can vaccinia virus be replaced by mva virus for testing virucidal activity of chemical disinfectants? | vaccinia virus strain lister elstree (vacv) is a test virus in the dvv/rki guidelines as representative of the stable enveloped viruses. since the potential risk of laboratory-acquired infections with vacv persists and since the adverse effects of vaccination with vacv are described, the replacement of vacv by the modified vaccinia ankara strain (mva) was studied by testing the activity of different chemical biocides in three german laboratories. | 2010 | 20573218 |
| painful vesicles on the wrist. | 2010 | 20566933 | |
| dna vaccine expressing hiv-1 gp120/immunoglobulin fusion protein enhances cellular immunity. | in this study, we explored the possibility of augmenting human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) gp120-specific cell-mediated immune responses in mice by means of a dna vaccine encoding a mouse ig fcgamma2a fragment fused with gp120 (gp120-ig, ig-gp120). western blotting analysis revealed that the hiv gp120 protein expression efficiency was higher in cells transfected with the gp120-ig-coding plasmid (pgp120ig) than in those transfected with the gp120 and ig-gp120 expression plasmids (pgp120 and pigg ... | 2010 | 20566393 |
| clinical signs, diagnosis, and case reports of vaccinia virus infections. | vaccinia virus is responsible for a zoonosis that usually affects cattle and human beings in brazil. the initial clinical signs of the infection are focal red skin areas, fever, and general symptoms similar to those of a cold. then, pustules and ulcerated lesions surrounded by edema and erythema follow, as well as local lymphadenopathy that can last for weeks. cure and healing of the lesions occur over several weeks, leaving a typical scar in the skin of people and animals affected. the infectio ... | 2010 | 20563437 |
| turning over the chance card on ms susceptibility. | 2010 | 20562841 | |
| skin inflammation arising from cutaneous regulatory t cell deficiency leads to impaired viral immune responses. | individuals with atopic dermatitis immunized with the small pox vaccine, vaccinia virus (vv), are susceptible to eczema vaccinatum (ev), a potentially fatal disseminated infection. dysfunction of forkhead box p3 (foxp3)-positive regulatory t cells (treg) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. to test whether treg deficiency predisposes to ev, we percutaneously vv infected foxp3-deficient (foxp3(ko)) mice, which completely lack foxp3(+) treg. these animals generated both fe ... | 2010 | 20548030 |
| enhancement of antiviral immunity by small molecule antagonist of suppressor of cytokine signaling. | suppressors of cytokine signaling (socss) are negative regulators of both innate and adaptive immunity via inhibition of signaling by cytokines such as type i and type ii ifns. we have developed a small peptide antagonist of socs-1 that corresponds to the activation loop of jak2. socs-1 inhibits both type i and type ii ifn activities by binding to the kinase activation loop via the kinase inhibitory region of the socs. the antagonist, pjak2(1001-1013), inhibited the replication of vaccinia virus ... | 2010 | 20543109 |
| immediate-early expression of a recombinant antigen by modified vaccinia virus ankara breaks the immunodominance of strong vector-specific b8r antigen in acute and memory cd8 t-cell responses. | efficient t-cell responses against recombinant antigens expressed by vaccinia virus vectors require expression of these antigens in the early phase of the virus replication cycle. the kinetics of recombinant gene expression in poxviruses are largely determined by the promoter chosen. we used the highly attenuated modified vaccinia virus ankara (mva) to determine the role of promoters in the induction of cd8 t-cell responses. we constructed mva recombinants expressing either enhanced green fluore ... | 2010 | 20538860 |
| vaccinia virus a25 and a26 proteins are fusion suppressors for mature virions and determine strain-specific virus entry pathways into hela, cho-k1, and l cells. | mature vaccinia virus enters cells through either fluid-phase endocytosis/macropinocytosis or plasma membrane fusion. this may explain the wide range of host cell susceptibilities to vaccinia virus entry; however, it is not known how vaccinia virus chooses between these two pathways and which viral envelope proteins determine such processes. by screening several recombinant viruses and different strains, we found that mature virions containing the vaccinia virus a25 and a26 proteins entered hela ... | 2010 | 20538855 |
| virucidal efficacy of povidone-iodine-containing disinfectants. | the objective of this study was to evaluate virucidal efficacy of the commercially available povidone-iodine formulations betaisodona solution and betaseptic mundipharma (mundipharma). | 2010 | 20536707 |
| mva-nef induces hiv-1-specific polyfunctional and proliferative t-cell responses revealed by the combination of short- and long-term immune assays. | several vaccination trials are evaluating the modified vaccinia virus ankara (mva) as a delivery vector in various clinical settings. in this paper, we present the reevaluation of a therapeutic vaccination trial in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1-infected individuals treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy using mva-expressing hiv-1 nef. immunogenicity of mva-nef was assessed using multicolor flow cytometry. vaccine-induced polyfunctionality and proliferative capacity, which are a ... | 2010 | 20535218 |
| selective induction of host genes by mva-b, a candidate vaccine against hiv/aids. | the aim of this study was to define the effects on antigen-presenting cells of the expression of hiv antigens from an attenuated poxvirus vector. we have analyzed the transcriptional changes in gene expression following infection of human immature monocyte-derived dendritic cells (dc) with recombinant modified vaccinia virus ankara (mva) expressing the genes encoding the gp120 and gag-pol-nef antigens of hiv type 1 clade b (referred to as mva-b) versus parental mva infection. using microarray te ... | 2010 | 20534857 |
| simultaneous high-resolution analysis of vaccinia virus and host cell transcriptomes by deep rna sequencing. | deep rna sequencing was used to simultaneously analyze vaccinia virus (vacv) and hela cell transcriptomes at progressive times following infection. vacv, the prototypic member of the poxvirus family, replicates in the cytoplasm and contains a double-stranded dna genome with approximately 200 closely spaced open reading frames (orfs). the acquisition of a total of nearly 500 million short cdna sequences allowed construction of temporal strand-specific maps of the entire vacv transcriptome at sing ... | 2010 | 20534518 |
| acam2000: the new smallpox vaccine for united states strategic national stockpile. | smallpox was eradicated more than 30 years ago, but heightened concerns over bioterrorism have brought smallpox and smallpox vaccination back to the forefront. the previously licensed smallpox vaccine in the united states, dryvax (wyeth laboratories, inc.), was highly effective, but the supply was insufficient to vaccinate the entire current us population. additionally, dryvax had a questionable safety profile since it consisted of a pool of vaccinia virus strains with varying degrees of virulen ... | 2010 | 20531961 |
| multiple phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases regulate vaccinia virus morphogenesis. | poxvirus morphogenesis is a complex process that involves the successive wrapping of the virus in host cell membranes. we screened by plaque assay a focused library of kinase inhibitors for those that caused a reduction in viral growth and identified several compounds that selectively inhibit phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi3k). previous studies demonstrated that pi3ks mediate poxviral entry. using growth curves and electron microscopy in conjunction with inhibitors, we show that that pi3ks add ... | 2010 | 20526370 |
| viral infection triggers central nervous system autoimmunity via activation of cd8+ t cells expressing dual tcrs. | multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory, demyelinating, central nervous system disease mediated by myelin-specific t cells. environmental triggers that cause the breakdown of myelin-specific t cell tolerance are unknown. here we found that cd8(+) myelin basic protein (mbp)-specific t cell tolerance was broken and autoimmunity was induced by infection with a virus that did not express mbp cross-reactive epitopes and did not depend on bystander activation. instead, the virus activated t cells expres ... | 2010 | 20526343 |
| inactivation and mineralization of aerosol deposited model pathogenic microorganisms over tio2 and pt/tio2. | air disinfection from bacteria and viruses by means of photocatalytic oxidation is investigated with microorganisms loaded over photocatalysts' films from aerosols. deposition method and equipment have been developed to load mycobacterium smegmatis , bacillus thuringiensis , vaccinia virus, and influenza a (h3n2) virus on slides with undoped tio(2) and platinized sulfated tio(2) (pt/tio(2)). inactivation dynamics was measured under uva irradiation and in the dark. about 90% inactivation is reach ... | 2010 | 20521809 |
| inhibition of the rna polymerase iii-mediated dsdna-sensing pathway of innate immunity by vaccinia virus protein e3. | the vaccinia virus e3 protein is an important intracellular modulator of innate immunity that can be split into distinct halves. the c terminus contains a well defined dsrna-binding domain, whereas the n terminus contains a z-dna-binding domain, and both domains are required for virulence. in this study, we investigated whether the e3 z-dna-binding domain functions by sequestering cytoplasmic dsdna thereby preventing the induction of type i interferon (ifn). in line with this hypothesis, express ... | 2010 | 20519457 |
| identification of wild-derived inbred mouse strains highly susceptible to monkeypox virus infection for use as small animal models. | infection with monkeypox virus (mpxv) causes disease manifestations in humans that are similar, although usually less severe, than those of smallpox. since routine vaccination for smallpox ceased more than 30 years ago, there is concern that mpxv could be used for bioterrorism. thus, there is a need to develop animal models to study mpxv infection. accordingly, we screened 38 inbred mouse strains for susceptibility to mpxv. three highly susceptible wild-derived inbred strains were identified, of ... | 2010 | 20519404 |
| gene-expression profiling in vaccine therapy and immunotherapy for cancer. | the identification of tumor antigens recognized by t cells led to the design of therapeutic strategies aimed at eliciting adaptive immune responses. the last decade of experience has shown that, although active immunization can induce enhancement of anticancer t-cell precursors (easily detectable in standard assays), most often they are unable to induce tumor regression and, consequently, have scarcely any impact on overall survival. moreover, in the few occasions when tumor rejection occurs, th ... | 2010 | 20518712 |
| hiv vaccine development. | updates on the thai clinical vaccine trial, the discovery of additional neutralizing antibodies, and several new, nonhuman primate vaccine studies were presented at the 17th conference on retroviruses and opportunistic infections this year. interestingly, the vaccine effect observed in the thai trial diminished with time and was most effective in individuals who reported low-risk behavior. two new neutralizing monoclonal antibodies were reported that were more potent and broadly reactive than th ... | 2010 | 20516522 |
| ratio of hcv structural antigens in protein-based vaccine formulations is critical for functional immune response induction. | hcv (hepatitis c virus) infection is among the leading causes of chronic liver disease, but currently there is no vaccine available. data have accumulated about the importance of targeting different hcv antigens in vaccine candidate preparations. here, a surface response study to select the optimal ratio of recombinant hcv structural antigens in a vaccine preparation, capable of generating in vivo functional cellular immune response in mice, was performed. the immunogenicity of the selected hcv ... | 2010 | 20515441 |
| vaccinia virus regulates expression of p21waf1/cip1 in a431 cells. | in this paper, we provide evidence that both the mrna and protein levels of the cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitor p21waf1/cdk-interacting protein 1 (cip1) increase upon infection of a431 cells with vaccinia virus (vacv). in addition, the vacv growth factor (vgf) seems to be required for the gene expression because infection carried out with the mutant virus vacv-vgf- revealed that this strain was unable to stimulate its transcription. our findings are also consistent with the notion that t ... | 2010 | 20512239 |
| functional disruption of the moloney murine leukemia virus preintegration complex by vaccinia-related kinases. | retroviral integration is executed by the preintegration complex (pic), which contains viral dna together with a number of proteins. barrier-to-autointegration factor (baf), a cellular component of moloney murine leukemia virus (mmlv) pics, has been demonstrated to protect viral dna from autointegration and stimulate the intermolecular integration activity of the pic by its dna binding activity. recent studies reveal that the functions of baf are regulated by phosphorylation via a family of cell ... | 2010 | 20511217 |
| comparative whole genome sequence analysis of wild-type and cidofovir-resistant monkeypoxvirus. | we performed whole genome sequencing of a cidofovir {[(s)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxy-propyl) cytosine] [hpmpc]}-resistant (cdv-r) strain of monkeypoxvirus (mpv). whole-genome comparison with the wild-type (wt) strain revealed 55 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) and one tandem-repeat contraction. over one-third of all identified snps were located within genes comprising the poxvirus replication complex, including the dna polymerase, rna polymerase, mrna capping methyltransferase, dna ... | 2010 | 20509894 |
| whence feral vaccinia? | 2010 | 20507763 | |
| vaccinia virus infection in monkeys, brazilian amazon. | to detect orthopoxvirus in the brazilian amazon, we conducted a serosurvey of 344 wild animals. neutralizing antibodies against orthopoxvirus were detected by plaque-reduction neutralizing tests in 84 serum samples. amplicons from 6 monkey samples were sequenced. these amplicons identified vaccinia virus genetically similar to strains from bovine vaccinia outbreaks in brazil. | 2010 | 20507750 |
| purification of cell culture-derived modified vaccinia ankara virus by pseudo-affinity membrane adsorbers and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. | a purification scheme for cell culture-derived smallpox vaccines based on an orthogonal downstream process of pseudo-affinity membrane adsorbers (ma) and hydrophobic interaction chromatography (hic) was investigated. the applied pseudo-affinity chromatography, based on reinforced sulfated cellulose and heparin-ma, was optimized in terms of dynamic binding capacities, virus yield and process productivity. hic was introduced as a subsequent method to further reduce the dna content. therefore, two ... | 2010 | 20506129 |
| a vesicular stomatitis virus-based hepatitis b virus vaccine vector provides protection against challenge in a single dose. | as one of the world's most common infectious diseases, hepatitis b virus (hbv) is a serious worldwide public health problem, with hbv-associated liver disease accounting for more than half a million deaths each year. although there is an effective prophylactic vaccine currently available to prevent infection, it has a number of characteristics that are suboptimal: multiple doses are needed to induce long-lasting immunity, immunity declines over time, it does not elicit protection in some individ ... | 2010 | 20504927 |
| induction of neutralizing antibody responses to anthrax protective antigen by using influenza virus vectors: implications for disparate immune system priming pathways. | viral vectors based on influenza virus, rabies virus (rv), and vaccinia virus (vv) were used to express large polypeptide segments derived from the bacillus anthracis protective antigen (pa). for the infectious influenza virus vector and recombinant vv constructs, the receptor binding domain (rbd or domain 4) or the lethal and edema factor binding domain (lef or domain 1') were engineered into functional chimeric hemagglutinin (ha) glycoproteins. in the case of the rv vector, the viral glycoprot ... | 2010 | 20504926 |
| attenuation of vaccinia virus by the expression of human flt3 ligand. | vaccinia virus, one of the best known members of poxvirus family, has a wide host range both in vivo and in vitro. the expression of flt3 ligand (fl) by recombinant vaccinia virus (rvacv) highly influenced properties of the virus in dependence on the level of expression. | 2010 | 20504356 |
| congregation of orthopoxvirus virions in cytoplasmic a-type inclusions is mediated by interactions of a bridging protein (a26p) with a matrix protein (atip) and a virion membrane-associated protein (a27p). | some orthopoxviruses, e.g., the cowpox, ectromelia, and raccoonpox viruses, form large, discrete cytoplasmic inclusions within which mature virions (mvs) are embedded by a process called occlusion. these inclusions, which may protect occluded mvs in the environment, are composed of aggregates of the a-type inclusion protein (atip), which is truncated in orthopoxviruses such as vaccinia virus (vacv) and variola virus that fail to form inclusions. in addition to an intact atip, occlusion requires ... | 2010 | 20484506 |
| safety and immunogenicity of novel recombinant bcg and modified vaccinia virus ankara vaccines in neonate rhesus macaques. | although major inroads into making antiretroviral therapy available in resource-poor countries have been made, there is an urgent need for an effective vaccine administered shortly after birth, which would protect infants from acquiring human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) through breast-feeding. bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) is given to most infants at birth, and its recombinant form could be used to prime hiv-1-specific responses for a later boost by heterologous vectors delivering the ... | 2010 | 20484495 |
| a role for the mevalonate pathway in the induction of subtype cross-reactive immunity to influenza a virus by human gammadelta t lymphocytes. | the major gammadelta t cell subset in the human peripheral blood expresses the vgamma9delta2 tcr and recognizes non-peptidic prenyl pyrophosphate antigens such as isopentylpyrophosphate (ipp). upon activation the gammadelta t cells rapidly secrete antiviral cytokines similar to classical memory alphabeta t cells. here we have investigated the ability of gammadelta t lymphocytes from human pbmc to become activated by influenza a virus infection. vgamma9vdelta2 t lymphocytes rapidly upregulate exp ... | 2010 | 20483407 |
| significantly reduced ccr5-tropic hiv-1 replication in vitro in cells from subjects previously immunized with vaccinia virus. | at present, the relatively sudden appearance and explosive spread of hiv throughout africa and around the world beginning in the 1950s has never been adequately explained. theorizing that this phenomenon may be somehow related to the eradication of smallpox followed by the cessation of vaccinia immunization, we undertook a comparison of hiv-1 susceptibility in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells from subjects immunized with the vaccinia virus to those from vaccinia naive donors. | 2010 | 20482754 |
| experiments in connexion with an attempt to produce a neurotropic strain of vaccinia virus in sheep. | 1941 | 20475606 | |
| immunisation with inactive vaccinia virus. | 1932 | 20475121 | |
| intergenic region 3 of modified vaccinia ankara is a functional site for insert gene expression and allows for potent antigen-specific immune responses. | integration of exogenous dna into modified vaccinia ankara (mva) is often accomplished using mapped deletion sites in the viral genome. since mva has a large capacity (> or =30kb) for foreign gene inserts and a limited number of unique integration sites, development of additional integration sites is needed to take full advantage of the extraordinary capacity for foreign gene insertion. in this report, we evaluate an alternative insertion site known as intergenic region 3 (igr3). recombinant mva ... | 2010 | 20471051 |
| widespread but small-scale changes in the structural and dynamic properties of vaccinia virus poly(a) polymerase upon association with its processivity factor in solution. | vaccinia virus poly(a) polymerase (vp55) has been analyzed via hydrogen-deuterium exchange (hdx) mass spectrometry in the absence and presence of its processivity factor, vp39, to improve our understanding of the mechanism by which processivity is impressed on the polymerase. for 119 peptic peptides covering 74.1% of vp55, the extent of hdx at 900 s was interpreted in the context of parameters deduced from the vp55-vp39 x-ray crystal structure. while hdx exhibited a degree of correlation with th ... | 2010 | 20469877 |
| long peptides induce polyfunctional t cells against conserved regions of hiv-1 with superior breadth to single-gene vaccines in macaques. | a novel t-cell vaccine strategy designed to deal with the enormity of hiv-1 variation is described and tested for the first time in macaques to inform and complement approaching clinical trials. t-cell immunogen hivconsv, which directs vaccine-induced responses to the most conserved regions of the hiv-1, proteome and thus both targets diverse clades in the population and reduces the chance of escape in infected individuals, was delivered using six different vaccine modalities: plasmid dna (d), a ... | 2010 | 20468055 |
| strong hiv-specific cd4+ and cd8+ t-lymphocyte proliferative responses in healthy individuals immunized with an hiv-1 dna vaccine and boosted with recombinant modified vaccinia virus ankara expressing hiv-1 genes. | we investigated hiv-1 vaccine-induced lymphoproliferative responses in healthy volunteers immunized intradermally or intramuscularly (with or without adjuvant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [gm-csf] protein) with dna expressing hiv-1 gag, env, rev, and rt at months 0, 1, and 3 using a biojector and boosted at 9 months with modified vaccinia virus ankara (mva) expressing heterologous hiv-1 gag, env, and pol (hiv-mva). lymphoproliferative responses to aldrithiol-2 (at-2)-inactiva ... | 2010 | 20463104 |
| generation of trypanosoma cruzi-specific cd8+ t-cell immunity is unaffected by the absence of type i interferon signaling. | trypanosoma cruzi is a protozoan parasite that causes human chagas' disease, a leading source of congestive heart failure in central and south america. cd8+ t cells are critical for control of t. cruzi infection, and cd8+ t cells recognizing the immunodominant trans-sialidase gene-encoded peptide tskb20 (anykftlv) account for approximately 30% of the total cd8+ t-cell population at the peak of infection in c57bl/6 mice. type i interferons (ifn-i) are pleiotropic cytokines that play a critical ro ... | 2010 | 20457790 |
| vectors for recombinational cloning and gene expression in mammalian cells using modified vaccinia virus ankara. | modified vaccinia virus ankara (mva) is a safe vector for high-level expression of proteins in mammalian cells. to simplify the molecular cloning procedures for shuttling genes into the mva genome, we constructed generic destination plasmids that allow in vitro recombinational cloning (gateway) and quick isolation of expression plasmids for any gene to be incorporated into the virus. downstream purification steps were simplified by including n-terminal peptide tags (his, strep, and flag) in the ... | 2010 | 20450873 |
| mutations in modified virus ankara protein 183 render it a non-functional counterpart of b14, an inhibitor of nuclear factor kappab activation. | vaccinia virus (vacv) encodes multiple proteins to evade host innate immunity, including b14, a virulence factor that binds to the inhibitor of kappab kinase beta (ikkbeta) and blocks nuclear factor kappab (nf-kappab) activation. b14 shares 95 % amino acid identity with the 183 protein encoded by modified virus ankara (mva), an attenuated vacv strain being developed as a vaccine vector. to evaluate whether the immunogenicity of mva might be increased by manipulation of mva immunomodulatory prote ... | 2010 | 20444990 |
| vaccinia virus virulence factor n1l is a novel promising target for antiviral therapeutic intervention. | the 14 kda homodimeric n1l protein is a potent vaccinia and variola (smallpox) virulence factor. it is not essential for viral replication, but it causes a strong attenuation of viral production in culture when deleted. the n1l protein is predicted to contain the bh3-like binding domain characteristic of bcl-2 family proteins, and it is able to bind the bh3 peptides. its overexpression has been reported to prevent infected cells from committing apoptosis. therefore, interfering with the n1l apop ... | 2010 | 20441222 |
| vaccinia virus strains use distinct forms of macropinocytosis for host-cell entry. | to enter host cells, vaccinia virus, a prototype poxvirus, can induce transient macropinocytosis followed by endocytic internalization and penetration through the limiting membrane of pinosomes by membrane fusion. although mature virions (mvs) of the western reserve (wr) strain do this in hela cells by activating transient plasma membrane blebbing, mvs from the international health department-j strain were found to induce rapid formation (and lengthening) of filopodia. when the signaling pathway ... | 2010 | 20439710 |
| similar t-cell immune responses induced by group m consensus env immunogens with wild-type or minimum consensus variable regions. | consensus hiv-1 genes can decrease the genetic distances between candidate immunogens and field virus strains. to ensure the functionality and optimal presentation of immunologic epitopes, we generated two group-m consensus env genes that contain variable regions either from a wild-type b/c recombinant virus isolate (con6) or minimal consensus elements (con-s) in the v1, v2, v4, and v5 regions. c57bl/6 and balb/c mice were primed twice with con6, con-s, and subtype control (92ug37_a and hxb2/bal ... | 2010 | 20438382 |
| seroprevalence of orthopoxvirus in an amazonian rural village, acre, brazil. | vaccinia virus strains from the family poxviridae have been frequently isolated in brazil and associated with outbreaks of exanthematic disease affecting cows and humans. an elisa igg was applied to evaluate the seroprevalence of orthopoxviruses in a community located in a rural settlement in the amazon region, where no orthopoxvirus outbreaks have yet been reported. an overall seroprevalence of 27.89% was found, and it was 23.38% in the non-vaccinated population (smallpox vaccination). these re ... | 2010 | 20428903 |
| a differential role for macropinocytosis in mediating entry of the two forms of vaccinia virus into dendritic cells. | vaccinia virus (vacv) is being developed as a recombinant viral vaccine vector for several key pathogens. dendritic cells (dcs) are specialised antigen presenting cells that are crucial for the initiation of primary immune responses; however, the mechanisms of uptake of vacv by these cells are unclear. therefore we examined the binding and entry of both the intracellular mature virus (mv) and extracellular enveloped virus (ev) forms of vacv into vesicular compartments of monocyte-derived dcs. us ... | 2010 | 20421949 |
| rapid generation of markerless recombinant mva vaccines by en passant recombineering of a self-excising bacterial artificial chromosome. | the non-replicating poxviral vector modified vaccinia virus ankara (mva) is currently a leading candidate for development of novel recombinant vaccines against globally important diseases. the 1980s technology for making recombinant mva (and other poxviruses) is powerful and robust, but relies on rare recombination events in poxviral-infected cells. in the 21st century, it has become possible to apply bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) technology to poxviruses, as first demonstrated by b. mos ... | 2010 | 20417665 |
| lack of efficacy of aurintricarboxylic acid and ethacrynic acid against vaccinia virus respiratory infections in mice. | aurintricarboxylic acid (ata) and ethacrynic acid (eca) have been reported to exhibit antiviral activity against vaccinia virus infections in cell culture by inhibiting early and late gene transcription, respectively. the purpose of this work was to determine if these inhibitors would effectively treat vaccinia virus infections in mice, which has not previously been studied. | 2010 | 20413827 |
| heterologous prime-boost hiv-1 vaccination regimens in pre-clinical and clinical trials. | currently, there are more than 30 million people infected with hiv-1 and thousands more are infected each day. vaccination is the single most effective mechanism for prevention of viral disease, and after more than 25 years of research, one vaccine has shown somewhat encouraging results in an advanced clinical efficacy trial. a modified intent-to-treat analysis of trial results showed that infection was approximately 30% lower in the vaccine group compared to the placebo group. the vaccine was a ... | 2010 | 20407589 |
| structure/function analysis of the vaccinia virus f18 phosphoprotein, an abundant core component required for virion maturation and infectivity. | poxvirus virions, whose outer membrane surrounds two lateral bodies and a core, contain at least 70 different proteins. the f18 phosphoprotein is one of the most abundant core components and is essential for the assembly of mature virions. we report here the results of a structure/function analysis in which the role of conserved cysteine residues, clusters of charged amino acids and clusters of hydrophobic/aromatic amino acids have been assessed. taking advantage of a recombinant virus in which ... | 2010 | 20392848 |
| immunosuppressive treatments reduce long-term immunity to smallpox among patients with breast cancer. | mass vaccination is the principal preventive measure against a smallpox outbreak after an act of bioterrorism. vaccination of subjects who received immunosuppressive therapies is problematic because of smallpox vaccine reactogenicity. moreover, long-term immunity to vaccinia might be affected. | 2010 | 20388035 |
| virus therapy for bladder cancer. | approximately 50,000 cases of superficial bladder cancer are diagnosed annually in the united states. immunotherapy utilizing intravesical bcg is the most effective standard therapy for superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. based on ease of administration, limited systemic dissemination, and the demonstrated activity of immunotherapy, superficial bladder cancer is an excellent target for virus based gene and immunotherapy. thus far, clinical trials of virus therapy for bladder ... | 2010 | 20382064 |
| regression of human prostate tumors and metastases in nude mice following treatment with the recombinant oncolytic vaccinia virus glv-1h68. | virotherapy using oncolytic vaccinia virus strains is one of the most promising new strategies for cancer therapy. in the current study, we analyzed the therapeutic efficacy of the oncolytic vaccinia virus glv-1h68 against two human prostate cancer cell lines du-145 and pc-3 in cell culture and in tumor xenograft models. by viral proliferation assays and cell survival tests, we demonstrated that glv-1h68 was able to infect, replicate in, and lyse these prostate cancer cells in culture. in du-145 ... | 2010 | 20379368 |