Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| dietary diversity of an ecological and macronutritional generalist primate in a harsh high-latitude habitat, the taihangshan macaque (macaca mulatta tcheliensis). | recent advances in niche theory have stressed the importance of understanding dietary generalism at multiple levels, including the range of habitat and foods exploited by a species, foods exploited within populations, and patterns of nutrient intake. here we apply this framework to examine the dietary strategy of the macaca mulatta, a primate species that is second only to humans in their breadth of geographical distribution, and occupy diverse ecological habitats from cold temperate to tropical ... | 2019 | 30848507 |
| successful implementation of intestinal endoscopy in non-human primates prompts the possibility of achieving aids longitudinal intestinal research. | hiv infection induces pathological changes in the intestinal mucosa. here, a successful endoscopy was performed on the colon of a chinese rhesus macaque by using olympus cv170 gastroscope. the stability on postoperative recovery and the integrity of biopsy tissue implied a possibility of achieving aids longitudinal intestinal research on macaques. | 2019 | 30847920 |
| bridging vaccine-induced hiv-1 neutralizing and effector antibody responses in rabbit and rhesus macaque animal models. | studies in animal models are essential prerequisites for clinical trials of candidate hiv vaccines. small animals, such as rabbits, are used to evaluate promising strategies prior to further immunogenicity and efficacy testing in nonhuman primates. our goal was to determine how hiv-specific vaccine-elicited antibody responses, epitope specificity, and fc-mediated functions in the rabbit model can predict those in the rhesus macaque (rm) model. detailed comparisons of the hiv-1-specific igg respo ... | 2019 | 30842326 |
| divergent hiv-1-directed immune responses generated by systemic and mucosal immunization with replicating single-cycle adenoviruses in rhesus macaques. | most human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infections begin at mucosal surfaces. providing a barrier of protection at these may assist in combating the earliest events in infection. systemic immunization by intramuscular (i.m.) injection can drive mucosal immune responses, but there are data suggesting that mucosal immunization can better educate these mucosal immune responses. to test this, rhesus macaques were immunized with replicating single-cycle adenovirus (sc-ad) vaccines expressing ... | 2019 | 30842321 |
| mgap: the macaque genotype and phenotype resource, a framework for accessing and interpreting macaque variant data, and identifying new models of human disease. | non-human primates (nhps), particularly macaques, serve as critical and highly relevant pre-clinical models of human disease. the similarity in human and macaque natural disease susceptibility, along with parallel genetic risk alleles, underscores the value of macaques in the development of effective treatment strategies. nonetheless, there are limited genomic resources available to support the exploration and discovery of macaque models of inherited disease. notably, there are few public databa ... | 2019 | 30841849 |
| top-down mass spectrometry of sarcomeric protein post-translational modifications from non-human primate skeletal muscle. | sarcomeric proteins, including myofilament and z-disk proteins, play critical roles in regulating muscle contractile properties. a variety of isoforms and post-translational modifications (ptms) of sarcomeric proteins have been shown to be associated with modulation of muscle functions and the occurrence of muscle diseases. non-human primates (nhps) are excellent research models for sarcopenia, a disease associated with alterations in sarcomeric proteins, due to their marked similarities to huma ... | 2019 | 30834509 |
| rise of the visible monkey: sectioned images of rhesus monkey. | gross anatomy and sectional anatomy of a monkey should be known by students and researchers of veterinary medicine and medical research. however, materials to learn the anatomy of a monkey are scarce. thus, the objective of this study was to produce a visible monkey data set containing cross sectional images, computed tomographs (cts), and magnetic resonance images (mris) of a monkey whole body. | 2019 | 30833883 |
| differences in monocyte: lymphocyte ratio and tuberculosis disease progression in genetically distinct populations of macaques. | monocyte:lymphocyte ratio (m:l) has been identified as a risk factor in development of tb disease in children and those undergoing treatment for hiv in co-infected individuals. retrospective analysis was performed using m:l data collected from tb modelling studies performed in rhesus macaques of indian genotype (rm), cynomolgus macaque of chinese genotype (ccm) and cynomolgus macaque of mauritian genotype (mcm), which found that the more susceptible populations (rm and mcm) had higher m:l ratios ... | 2019 | 30833652 |
| partial adaptation to the value range in the macaque orbitofrontal cortex. | values available for choice in different behavioral contexts can vary immensely. to compensate for this variability, neuronal circuits underlying economic decisions undergo adaptation. in orbitofrontal cortex (ofc), neurons encode the subjective value of offered and chosen goods in a quasilinear way. previous experiments found that the gain of the encoding is lower when the value range is wider. however, the parameters ofc neurons adapted to remained unclear. furthermore, previous studies did no ... | 2019 | 30833513 |
| bridging from intramuscular to limb perfusion delivery of raav: optimization in a non-human primate study. | phase 1 and phase 2 gene therapy trials using intramuscular (im) administration of a recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 1 (raav1) for replacement of serum alpha-1 antitrypsin (aat) deficiency have shown long-term (5-year) stable transgene expression at approximately 2% to 3% of therapeutic levels, arguing for the long-term viability of this approach to gene replacement of secreted serum protein deficiencies. however, achieving these levels required 100 im injections to deliver 135 ml of ... | 2019 | 30828586 |
| anti-peg antibodies inhibit the anticoagulant activity of pegylated aptamers. | biopharmaceuticals have become increasingly attractive therapeutic agents and are often pegylated to enhance their pharmacokinetics and reduce their immunogenicity. however, recent human clinical trials have demonstrated that administration of pegylated compounds can evoke anti-peg antibodies. considering the ubiquity of peg in commercial products and the presence of pre-existing anti-peg antibodies in patients in large clinical trials evaluating a peg-modified aptamer, we investigated how anti- ... | 2019 | 30827937 |
| current status of hepatitis e virus infection at a rhesus monkey farm in china. | rhesus and several other species of monkeys are susceptible to genotypes of hepatitis e virus (hev), and these species are thus commonly used as animal models for experimental hev infection. however, information regarding hev infection in monkeys in nature or at monkey farms is limited. to investigate the status of hev infection in rhesus monkeys at farms, we collected 548 serum and 48 fecal samples from a rhesus monkey farm in china, and analyzed their levels of anti-hev igg antibodies and hev ... | 2019 | 30827396 |
| co-operation of long-term and working memory representations in simultaneous chaining by rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta). | we studied the memory representations that control execution of action sequences by training rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) to touch sets of five images in a predetermined arbitrary order (simultaneous chaining). in experiment 1, we found that this training resulted in mental representations of ordinal position rather than learning associative chains, replicating the work of others. we conducted novel analyses of performance on probe tests consisting of two images "derived" from the full five-i ... | 2019 | 30827186 |
| reliability of motor and sensory neural decoding by threshold crossings for intracortical brain-machine interface. | for intracortical neurophysiological studies, spike sorting is an important procedure to isolate single units for analyzing specific functions. however, whether spike sorting is necessary or not for neural decoding applications is controversial. several studies showed that using threshold crossings (tc) instead of spike sorting could also achieve a similar satisfactory performance. however, such studies were limited in similar behavioral tasks, and the neural signal source mainly focused on the ... | 2019 | 30822756 |
| validations of apomorphine-induced bold activation correlations in hemiparkinsonian rhesus macaques. | identification of parkinson's disease at the earliest possible stage of the disease may provide the best opportunity for the use of disease modifying treatments. however, diagnosing the disease during the pre-symptomatic period remains an unmet goal. to that end, we used pharmacological mri (phmri) to assess the function of the cortico-basal ganglia circuit in a non-human primate model of dopamine deficiency to determine the possible relationships between phmri signals with behavioral, neurochem ... | 2019 | 30822717 |
| long-term survival of pig-to-rhesus macaque renal xenografts is dependent on cd4 t cell depletion. | the shortage of available organs remains the greatest barrier to expanding access to transplant. despite advances in genetic editing and immunosuppression, survival in experimental models of kidney xenotransplant has generally been limited to <100 days. we found that pretransplant selection of recipients with low titers of anti-pig antibodies significantly improved survival in a pig-to-rhesus macaque kidney transplant model (6 days vs median survival time 235 days). immunosuppression included tr ... | 2019 | 30821922 |
| induction of neutralizing antibodies against tier 2 human immunodeficiency virus 1 in rhesus macaques infected with tier 1b simian/human immunodeficiency virus. | we previously developed ccr5-tropic neutralization-resistant simian/human immunodeficiency virus (shiv) strains and a rhesus macaque model of infection with these shivs. we induced the production of neutralizing antibodies (nabs) against hiv-1 by infecting rhesus macaques with different neutralization-resistant shiv strains. first, shiv-mk1 (mk1) (neutralization susceptible, tier 1b) with ccr5 tropism was generated from shiv-ks661 using cxcr4 as the main co-receptor. nabs against parental-lineag ... | 2019 | 30820667 |
| pharmacological characterization of a novel 5-hydroxybenzothiazolone-derived β2-adrenoceptor agonist with functional selectivity for anabolic effects on skeletal muscle resulting in a wider cardiovascular safety window in preclinical studies. | the anabolic effects of β2-adrenoceptor (β2-ar) agonists on skeletal muscle have been demonstrated in various species. however, the clinical use of β2-ar agonists for skeletal muscle wasting conditions has been limited by their undesired cardiovascular effects. here, we describe the preclinical pharmacological profile of a novel 5-hydroxybenzothiazolone (5-hob) derived β2-ar agonist in comparison with formoterol as a representative β2-ar agonist that have been well characterized. in vitro, 5-hob ... | 2019 | 30819762 |
| tissue engineered neural constructs composed of neural precursor cells, recombinant spidroin and prp for neural tissue regeneration. | we have designed a novel two-component matrix (sprpix) for the encapsulation of directly reprogrammed human neural precursor cells (drnpc). the matrix is comprised of 1) a solid anisotropic complex scaffold prepared by electrospinning a mixture of recombinant analogues of the spider dragline silk proteins - spidroin 1 (rs1/9) and spidroin 2 (rs2/12) - and polycaprolactone (pcl) (rss-pcl), and 2) a "liquid matrix" based on platelet-rich plasma (prp). the combination of prp and spidroin promoted d ... | 2019 | 30816182 |
| glucocorticoid negative feedback in regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in rhesus monkeys with various types of adaptive behavior: individual and age-related differences. | the study of the mechanisms underlying the increased vulnerability of the individual to stressful environmental factors in different age periods is of great relevance for prevention and effective treatment of stress-dependent diseases that are widespread in the population of aging individuals. the purpose of our study was to investigate the individual and age-related features of the glucocorticoid negative feedback in regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (hpa) axis, the key adaptive ... | 2019 | 30814974 |
| caspase-4 mediates cytoplasmic accumulation of tdp-43 in the primate brains. | the cytoplasmic accumulation of the nuclear tar dna-binding protein 43 (tdp-43) is a pathologic hallmark in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, and other neurological disorders. however, most transgenic tdp-43 rodent models show predominant nuclear distribution of tdp-43 in the brain. by expressing mutant tdp-43 (m337v) in the brains of rhesus monkeys and mice, we verified that mutant tdp-43 is distributed in the cytoplasm of the monkey brain and that the majority o ... | 2019 | 30810811 |
| accurate and selective quantification of anthrax protective antigen in plasma by immunocapture and isotope dilution mass spectrometry. | anthrax protective antigen (83 kda, pa83) is an essential component of two major binary toxins produced by bacillus anthracis, lethal toxin (ltx) and edema toxin (etx). during infection, ltx and etx contribute to immune collapse, endothelial dysfunction, hemorrhage and high mortality. following protease cleavage on cell receptors or in circulation, the 20 kda (pa20) n-terminus is released, activating the 63 kda (pa63) form which binds lethal factor (lf) and edema factor (ef), facilitating their ... | 2019 | 30810119 |
| probabilistic inferential decision-making under time pressure in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). | decisions often involve the consideration of multiple cues, each of which may inform selection on the basis of learned probabilities. our ability to use probabilistic inference for decisions is bounded by uncertainty and constraints such as time pressure. previous work showed that when humans choose between visual objects in a multiple-cue, probabilistic task, they cope with time pressure by discounting the least informative cues, an example of satisficing or "good enough" decision-making. we te ... | 2019 | 30802087 |
| pre-clinical evaluation of cbd-nt3 modified collagen scaffolds in completely spinal cord transected non-human primates. | spinal cord injury (sci) repair is one of the most desirable but extremely challenging clinical problems. developing suitable animal models and validating the therapeutic interventions in these models is the prerequisite for sci repair improvement. non-human primates, closer to humans than other species, are considered to be ideal models for translating laboratory discoveries into human clinical trials. in this study, the acute thoracic (t9) complete transection model in rhesus monkeys was estab ... | 2019 | 30801232 |
| experimental evidence that female rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) perceive variation in male facial masculinity. | among many primate species, face shape is sexually dimorphic, and male facial masculinity has been proposed to influence female mate choice and male-male competition by signalling competitive ability. however, whether conspecifics pay attention to facial masculinity has only been assessed in humans. in a study of free-ranging rhesus macaques, macaca mulatta, we used a two-alternative look-time experiment to test whether females perceive male facial masculinity. we presented 107 females with pair ... | 2019 | 30800385 |
| histopathological features and composition of gut microbiota in rhesus monkey of alcoholic liver disease. | alcohol-induced chronic liver disease (ald) is becoming the most common liver disease in the world. however, there are no effective, universally accepted therapies for ald. the etiology of ald remains blurry so far. historical evidence has demonstrated a link between the liver and gut microbiota. but it is difficult to distinguish the effect of gut microbiota changes caused by alcohol consumption in humans since the microbiota change detected in humans is complicated by diet and environmental fa ... | 2019 | 30800107 |
| optogenetically induced low-frequency correlations impair perception. | deployment of covert attention to a spatial location can cause large decreases in low-frequency correlated variability among neurons in macaque area v4 whose receptive-fields lie at the attended location. it has been estimated that this reduction accounts for a substantial fraction of the attention-mediated improvement in sensory processing. these estimates depend on assumptions about how population signals are decoded and the conclusion that correlated variability impairs perception, is purely ... | 2019 | 30794156 |
| zika virus disease. | the zika virus is an arbovirus belonging to the virus family flaviviridae. the virus was isolated in 1947 from a rhesus monkey in the zika forest of uganda. the virus causes sporadic mild human infections in africa and later in asia. however, by 2007 a major shift in its infection pattern was noticed and thousands of human infections were reported in the state of yap and federated states of micronesia. in the last 3 years, major outbreaks have continued to occur and the virus has spread to sever ... | 2019 | 30787745 |
| effective treatment of staphylococcal enterotoxin b aerosol intoxication in rhesus macaques by using two parenterally administered high-affinity monoclonal antibodies. | staphylococcal enterotoxin b (seb) is a protein exotoxin found on the cell surface of staphylococcus aureus that is the source for multiple pathologies in humans. when purified and concentrated in aerosol form, seb can cause an acute and often fatal intoxication and thus is considered a biological threat agent. there are currently no vaccines or treatments approved for human use. studies with rodent models of seb intoxication show that antibody therapy may be a promising treatment strategy; howe ... | 2019 | 30782986 |
| a novel hexavalent capsular polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (gbs6) for the prevention of neonatal group b streptococcal infections by maternal immunization. | group b streptococcus (gbs) causes serious diseases in newborn infants, often resulting in lifelong neurologic impairments or death. prophylactic vaccination of pregnant women prior to delivery could provide comprehensive protection, as early onset and late-onset disease and maternal complications potentially could be addressed. | 2019 | 30778554 |
| role of foxo3 activated by hiv-1 tat in hiv-associated neurocognitive disorder neuronal apoptosis. | there are numerous types of pathological changes in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-associated neurocognitive disorder (hand), including apoptosis of neurons. hiv-1 transactivator of transcription (tat) protein, which is encoded by hiv-1, may promote apoptosis in hand. forkhead box o3 (foxo3) is a multispecific transcription factor that has roles in many biological processes, including cellular apoptosis. the aim of this study was to determine whether foxo3 is activated by hiv-1 tat and to in ... | 2019 | 30778283 |
| hiv-1 vaccination by needle-free oral injection induces strong mucosal immunity and protects against shiv challenge. | the oral mucosa is an attractive site for mucosal vaccination, however the thick squamous epithelium limits antigen uptake. here we utilize a modified needle-free injector to deliver immunizations to the sublingual and buccal (sl/b) tissue of rhesus macaques. needle-free sl/b vaccination with modified vaccinia ankara (mva) and a recombinant trimeric gp120 protein generates strong vaccine-specific igg responses in serum as well as vaginal, rectal and salivary secretions. vaccine-induced igg respo ... | 2019 | 30778066 |
| necroptosis in primate luteolysis: a role for ceramide. | the corpus luteum (cl) is a transient endocrine organ, yet molecular mechanisms resulting in its demise are not well known. the presence of phosphorylated mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase pmlkl(t357/s358) in human and nonhuman primate cl samples (macaca mulatta and callithrix jacchus) implied that necroptosis of luteal cells may be involved. in m. mulatta cl, pmlkl positive staining became detectable only from the mid-late luteal phase onwards, pointing to necroptosis during regress ... | 2019 | 30774995 |
| characterization of the plasma proteome of nonhuman primates during ebola virus disease or melioidosis: a host response comparison. | in-depth examination of the plasma proteomic response to infection with a wide variety of pathogens can assist in the development of new diagnostic paradigms, while providing insight into the interdependent pathogenic processes which encompass a host's immunological and physiological responses. ebola virus (ebov) causes a highly lethal infection termed ebola virus disease (evd) in primates and humans. the gram negative non-spore forming bacillus burkholderia pseudomallei (bp) causes melioidosis ... | 2019 | 30774579 |
| a long-acting pyy3-36 analog mediates robust anorectic efficacy with minimal emesis in nonhuman primates. | the gut hormone pyy3-36 reduces food intake in humans and exhibits at least additive efficacy in combination with glp-1. however, the utility of pyy analogs as anti-obesity agents has been severely limited by emesis and rapid proteolysis, a profile similarly observed with native pyy3-36 in obese rhesus macaques. here, we found that antibody conjugation of a cyclized pyy3-36 analog achieved high npy2r selectivity, unprecedented in vivo stability, and gradual infusion-like exposure. these properti ... | 2019 | 30773465 |
| development of a novel frameless skull-mounted ball-joint guide array for use in image-guided neurosurgery. | successful convection-enhanced delivery of therapeutic agents to subcortical brain structures requires accurate cannula placement. stereotactic guiding devices have been developed to accurately target brain nuclei. however, technologies remain limited by a lack of mri compatibility, or by devices' size, making them suboptimal for direct gene delivery to brain parenchyma. the goal of this study was to validate the accuracy of a novel frameless skull-mounted ball-joint guide array (bjga) in target ... | 2019 | 30771782 |
| crispr/cas9-mediated pink1 deletion leads to neurodegeneration in rhesus monkeys. | 2019 | 30770867 | |
| dissociation of memory signals for metamemory in rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta). | some nonhuman species demonstrate metamemory, the ability to monitor and control memory. here, we identify memory signals that control metamemory judgments in rhesus monkeys by directly comparing performance in two metamemory paradigms while holding the availability of one memory signal constant and manipulating another. monkeys performed a four-choice match-to-sample memory task. in experiment 1, monkeys could decline memory tests on some trials for a small, guaranteed reward. in experiment 2, ... | 2019 | 30762160 |
| impaired cognitive flexibility after neonatal perirhinal lesions in rhesus macaques. | previous research indicated that monkeys with neonatal perirhinal lesions (neo-prh) were impaired on working memory (wm) tasks that generated proactive interference, but performed normally on wm tasks devoid of interference (weiss et al., 2016). this finding suggested that the early lesions disrupted cognitive processes important for resolving proactive interference, such as behavioral inhibition and cognitive flexibility. to distinguish between these possibilities, the same neo-prh monkeys and ... | 2019 | 30760985 |
| improvement of antibody functionality by structure-guided paratope engraftment. | broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnabs) represent a promising alternative to antiretroviral drugs for hiv-1 prevention and treatment. selected antibodies to the cd4-binding site bolster envelope trimer binding via quaternary contacts. here, we rationally engraft a new paratope, i.e., the extended heavy-chain framework region 3 (fr3) loop of vrc03, which mediates quaternary interaction, onto several potent bnabs, enabling them to reach an adjacent gp120 protomer. the interactive quaternary surfac ... | 2019 | 30760721 |
| adaptation of an r5 simian-human immunodeficiency virus encoding an hiv clade a envelope with or without ablation of adaptive host immunity: differential selection of viral mutants. | simian-human immunodeficiency virus (shiv) infection in rhesus macaques (rms) resembles human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection in humans and serves as a tool to evaluate candidate aids vaccines. hiv-1 clade a (hiv-a) predominates in parts of africa. we constructed an r5 clade a shiv (shiv-a; strain shiv-knh1144) carrying env from a kenyan hiv-a. shiv-a underwent rapid serial passage through six rms. to allow unbridled replication without adaptive immunity, we simultaneously ablate ... | 2019 | 30760566 |
| late effects of total body irradiation on hematopoietic recovery and immune function in rhesus macaques. | while exposure to radiation can be lifesaving in certain settings, it can also potentially result in long-lasting adverse effects, particularly to hematopoietic and immune cells. this study investigated hematopoietic recovery and immune function in rhesus macaques cross-sectionally (at a single time point) 2 to 5 years after exposure to a single large dose (6.5 to 8.4 gray) of total body radiation (tbi) derived from linear accelerator-derived photons (2 mev, 80 cgy/minute) or cobalt 60-derived g ... | 2019 | 30759098 |
| noradrenergic α1-adrenoceptor actions in the primate dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. | noradrenergic (ne) α1-adrenoceptors (α1-ars) contribute to arousal mechanisms and play an important role in therapeutic medications such as those for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (ptsd). however, little is known about how α1-ar stimulation influences neuronal firing in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlpfc), a newly evolved region that is dysfunctional in ptsd and other mental illnesses. the current study examined the effects of α1-ar manipulation on neuronal firing in dlpf ... | 2019 | 30755491 |
| perturbation of macaque supplementary motor area produces context-independent changes in the probability of movement initiation. | the contribution of the supplementary motor area (sma) to movement initiation remains unclear. sma exhibits premovement activity across a variety of contexts, including externally cued and self-initiated movements. yet sma lesions impair initiation primarily for self-initiated movements. does sma influence initiation across contexts or does it play a more specialized role, perhaps contributing only when initiation is less dependent on external cues? to address this question, we perturbed sma act ... | 2019 | 30755488 |
| estradiol replacement timing and obesogenic diet effects on body composition and metabolism in postmenopausal macaques. | whether hormone replacement therapy has beneficial metabolic effects in postmenopausal women remains controversial because of between-study differences in menopausal duration, estrogen formulations, and diet. additionally, animal studies have not reflected the typical human obesogenic, western-style diet (wsd). in this study, we determined the effects of immediate 17β-estradiol (ime) or delayed 17β-estradiol treatment on weight and metabolism parameters in old ovo-hysterectomized rhesus macaques ... | 2019 | 30753523 |
| the new orleans alcohol use in hiv study: launching a translational investigation of the interaction of alcohol use with biological and socioenvironmental risk factors for multimorbidity in people living with hiv. | alcohol use disorders (auds) are highly prevalent in people living with hiv (plwh) and are associated with increased hiv risk behaviors, suboptimal treatment adherence, potential interaction with medication pharmacodynamics, and greater risk for disease progression. preclinical studies show that chronic binge alcohol administration accelerates disease progression and aggravates pathogenesis in the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)-infected rhesus macaque model despite viral suppression by anti ... | 2019 | 30748025 |
| regional elevations in microglial activation and cerebral glucose utilization in frontal white matter tracts of rhesus monkeys following prolonged cocaine self-administration. | it has been shown that exposure to cocaine can result in neuroinflammatory responses. microglia, the resident cns immune cells, undergo a transition to an activated state when challenged. in rodents, and possibly humans, cocaine exposure activates microglia. the goal of this study was to assess the extent and magnitude of microglial activation in rhesus monkeys with an extensive history of cocaine self-administration. male rhesus monkeys (n = 4/group) were trained to respond on a fixed-interval ... | 2019 | 30747315 |
| offline impact of transcranial focused ultrasound on cortical activation in primates. | to understand brain circuits it is necessary both to record and manipulate their activity. transcranial ultrasound stimulation (tus) is a promising non-invasive brain stimulation technique. to date, investigations report short-lived neuromodulatory effects, but to deliver on its full potential for research and therapy, ultrasound protocols are required that induce longer-lasting 'offline' changes. here, we present a tus protocol that modulates brain activation in macaques for more than one hour ... | 2019 | 30747105 |
| genetic architecture of human obesity traits in the rhesus macaque. | whereas the metabolic consequences of obesity have been studied extensively in the rhesus macaque, corollary genetic studies of obesity are nonexistent. this study assessed genetic contributions to spontaneous adiposity in this species. | 2019 | 30741480 |
| effective chair training methods for neuroscience research involving rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). | neuroscience research using macaques remains fundamental in our endeavours to understand how the human brain functions. applying the refinement principle of the 3rs is essential to optimise the monkeys' welfare and still produces high quality science. | 2019 | 30738106 |
| discriminative stimulus effects of mecamylamine and nicotine in rhesus monkeys: central and peripheral mechanisms. | mecamylamine is a non-competitive nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nachr) antagonist that has been prescribed for hypertension and as an off-label smoking cessation aid. here, we examined pharmacological mechanisms underlying the interoceptive effects (i.e., discriminative stimulus effects) of mecamylamine (5.6 mg/kg s.c.) and compared the effects of nachr antagonists in this discrimination assay to their capacity to block a nicotine discriminative stimulus (1.78 mg/kg s.c.) in rhesus monkeys. ... | 2019 | 30738085 |
| reprogramming of meiotic chromatin architecture during spermatogenesis. | chromatin organization undergoes drastic reconfiguration during gametogenesis. however, the molecular reprogramming of three-dimensional chromatin structure in this process remains poorly understood for mammals, including primates. here, we examined three-dimensional chromatin architecture during spermatogenesis in rhesus monkey using low-input hi-c. interestingly, we found that topologically associating domains (tads) undergo dissolution and reestablishment in spermatogenesis. strikingly, pachy ... | 2019 | 30735655 |
| pach-ing it in: the peculiar organization of mammalian pachytene chromosomes. | in this issue of molecular cell, wang et al. (2019) use hi-c to visualize at high resolution the complex reprogramming of chromatin architecture during spermatogenesis in rhesus monkeys and mice. they find that pachytene spermatocytes have a unique chromosome organization that may result from the presence of the synaptonemal complex and transcription-associated proteins. | 2019 | 30735652 |
| candida albicans-associated sepsis in a pre-term neonatal rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta). | invasive candida infections (ici) have been associated with neurodevelopmental impairment or death in human pre-term neonates. candidiasis in nonhuman primates is seen mostly in immunosuppressed animals, and ici is not commonly reported. here, we report a case of candida albicans-associated ici in a pre-term neonatal rhesus macaque. | 2019 | 30734326 |
| evaluation of 11c-lsn3172176 as a novel pet tracer for imaging m1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in nonhuman primates. | the m1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (machr) plays an important role in learning and memory, and therefore is a target for development of drugs for treatment of cognitive impairments in alzheimer disease and schizophrenia. the availability of m1-selective radiotracers for pet will help in developing therapeutic agents by providing an imaging tool for assessment of drug dose-receptor occupancy relationship. here we report the synthesis and evaluation of 11c-lsn3172176 (ethyl 4-(6-(methyl-11c) ... | 2019 | 30733324 |
| preclinical evaluation and nonhuman primate receptor occupancy study of 18f-jnj-64413739, a pet radioligand for p2x7 receptors. | the p2x7 receptor is an adenosine triphosphate-gated ion channel, which is abundantly expressed in glial cells within the central nervous system and in the periphery. p2x7 receptor activation leads to the release of the proinflammatory cytokine il-1β in the brain, and antagonism of the p2x7 receptor is a novel therapeutic strategy to dampen adenosine triphosphate-dependent il-1β signaling. pet ligands for the p2x7 receptor will not only be valuable to assess central target engagement of drug can ... | 2019 | 30733317 |
| agglutination testing for human erythrocyte product in the rhesus macaque. | there has been interest in using human blood products in nonhuman primate models of trauma to supplement human studies and to provide evidence to guide novel trauma resuscitation strategies. the compatibility of human rbcs has not been extensively studied in nonhuman primate species. | 2019 | 30730557 |
| real-time experimental control using network-based parallel processing. | modern neuroscience research often requires the coordination of multiple processes such as stimulus generation, real-time experimental control, as well as behavioral and neural measurements. the technical demands required to simultaneously manage these processes with high temporal fidelity is a barrier that limits the number of labs performing such work. here we present an open-source, network-based parallel processing framework that lowers this barrier. the real-time experimental control with g ... | 2019 | 30730290 |
| a chemical approach for global protein knockdown from mice to non-human primates. | although conventional genetic modification approaches for protein knockdown work very successfully due to the increasing use of crispr/cas9, effective techniques for achieving protein depletion in adult animals, especially in large animals such as non-human primates, are lacking. here, we report a chemical approach based on protacs technology that efficiently and quickly knocks down fkbp12 (12-kda fk506-binding) protein globally in vivo. both intraperitoneal and oral administration led to rapid, ... | 2019 | 30729032 |
| distinct types of neural reorganization during long-term learning. | what are the neural mechanisms of skill acquisition? many studies find that long-term practice is associated with a functional reorganization of cortical neural activity. however, the link between these changes in neural activity and the behavioral improvements that occur is not well understood, especially for long-term learning that takes place over several weeks. to probe this link in detail, we leveraged a brain-computer interface (bci) paradigm in which rhesus monkeys learned to master nonin ... | 2019 | 30726164 |
| novel kappa opioid receptor agonist as improved pet radiotracer: development and in vivo evaluation. | the kappa opioid receptor (kor) is involved in depression, alcoholism, and drug abuse. the current agonist radiotracer 11c-gr103545 is not ideal for imaging kor due to its slow tissue kinetics in human. the aim of our project was to develop novel kor agonist radiotracers with improved imaging properties. a novel compound fekap ((( r))-4-(2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)acetyl)-3-((ethyl(2-fluoroethyl)amino)methyl) piperazine-1-carboxylate) was designed, synthesized, and assayed for in vitro binding affini ... | 2019 | 30726092 |
| heart rate and heart rate variability of rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) affected by left ventricular hypertrophy. | hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (hcm) is frequently associated with sudden cardiac death, presumably due to the development of malignant arrhythmias. the risk of sudden cardiac death due to hcm has been reported to be predicted by assessing electrocardiographic (ecg) changes including frequencies and complexities of arrhythmias as well as heart rate variability (hrv) as an assessment of autonomic balance. sudden cardiac death in association with naturally-occurring left ventricular hypertrophy (lvh) ... | 2019 | 30723724 |
| decreased complexity of glucose dynamics in diabetes in rhesus monkeys. | until recently, preclinical and clinical work on diabetes has focused on the understanding of blood glucose elevation and its detrimental metabolic sequelae. the advent of continuous glucose monitoring (cgm) technology now allows real time monitoring of blood glucose levels as a time series, and thus the exploration of glucose dynamics at short time scales. previous work has shown decreases in the complexity of glucose dynamics, as measured by multiscale entropy (mse) analysis, in diabetes in hu ... | 2019 | 30723274 |
| fructose-induced hypertriglyceridemia in rhesus macaques is attenuated with fish oil or apoc3 rna interference. | dyslipidemia and insulin resistance are significant adverse outcomes of consuming high-sugar diets. conversely, dietary fish oil (fo) reduces plasma lipids. diet-induced dyslipidemia in a rhesus model better approximates the pathophysiology of human metabolic syndrome (mets) than rodent models. here, we investigated relationships between metabolic parameters and hypertriglyceridemia in rhesus macaques consuming a high-fructose diet (n = 59) and determined the effects of fo supplementation or rna ... | 2019 | 30723097 |
| dynamics of motor cortical activity during naturalistic feeding behavior. | the orofacial primary motor cortex (mio) plays a critical role in controlling tongue and jaw movements during oral motor functions, such as chewing, swallowing and speech. however, the neural mechanisms of mio during naturalistic feeding are still poorly understood. there is a strong need for a systematic study of motor cortical dynamics during feeding behavior. | 2019 | 30721881 |
| novel technique for toe-to-hand transplantation: the fourth-toe as an alternative option for toe-to-hand transplantation for pediatric patients. | the first toe-to-hand transplantation was done in 1898 by nicoladoni. it was a staged procedure and the toe flap was based on a pedicle. with advancement of optical instruments and microsurgeons' skills in 1964 the first microvascular toe-to-hand transplantation on a rhesus monkey was done. the technique's development has not stopped, many authors have modified it to achieve better outcomes for both traumatic and congenital hand defects. the most commonly used toes for transplantation are first, ... | 2019 | 30720566 |
| high-dimensional representation of texture in somatosensory cortex of primates. | in the somatosensory nerves, the tactile perception of texture is driven by spatial and temporal patterns of activation distributed across three populations of afferents. these disparate streams of information must then be integrated centrally to achieve a unified percept of texture. to investigate the representation of texture in somatosensory cortex, we scanned a wide range of natural textures across the fingertips of rhesus macaques and recorded the responses evoked in brodmann's areas 3b, 1, ... | 2019 | 30718436 |
| monotherapy with a low-dose lipopeptide hiv fusion inhibitor maintains long-term viral suppression in rhesus macaques. | combination antiretroviral therapy (cart) dramatically improves survival of hiv-infected patients, but lifelong treatment can ultimately result in cumulative toxicities and drug resistance, thus necessitating the development of new drugs with significantly improved pharmaceutical profiles. we recently found that the fusion inhibitor t-20 (enfuvirtide)-based lipopeptides possess dramatically increased anti-hiv activity. herein, a group of novel lipopeptides were designed with different lengths of ... | 2019 | 30716118 |
| surface color and predictability determine contextual modulation of v1 firing and gamma oscillations. | the integration of direct bottom-up inputs with contextual information is a core feature of neocortical circuits. in area v1, neurons may reduce their firing rates when their receptive field input can be predicted by spatial context. gamma-synchronized (30-80 hz) firing may provide a complementary signal to rates, reflecting stronger synchronization between neuronal populations receiving mutually predictable inputs. we show that large uniform surfaces, which have high spatial predictability, str ... | 2019 | 30714900 |
| maternal neglect and the serotonin system are associated with daytime sleep in infant rhesus monkeys. | environmental and biological factors contribute to sleep development during infancy. parenting plays a particularly important role in modulating infant sleep, potentially via the serotonin system, which is itself involved in regulating infant sleep. we hypothesized that maternal neglect and serotonin system dysregulation would be associated with daytime sleep in infant rhesus monkeys. subjects were nursery-reared infant rhesus macaques (n = 287). during the first month of life, daytime sleep-wak ... | 2020 | 30712526 |
| evolutionarily significant a-to-i rna editing events originated through g-to-a mutations in primates. | recent studies have revealed thousands of a-to-i rna editing events in primates, but the origination and general functions of these events are not well addressed. | 2019 | 30712515 |
| nicotine-like discriminative stimulus effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and a muscarinic receptor agonist in rhesus monkeys. | acetylcholinesterase (ache) inhibitors and positive allosteric nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nachr) modulators are potential pharmacotherapies for nicotine dependence. because some smoking cessation aids (e.g. varenicline) appear to work by mimicking the effects of nicotine, we used drug discrimination to examine whether ache inhibitors and nachr allosteric modulators mimic the effects of nicotine. rhesus monkeys discriminated 1.78 mg/kg of nicotine s.c. under an fr5 schedule of stimulus-sho ... | 2019 | 30712397 |
| eye position error influence over "open-loop" smooth pursuit initiation. | the oculomotor system integrates a variety of visual signals into appropriate motor plans, but such integration can have widely varying time scales. for example, smooth pursuit eye movements to follow a moving target are slower and longer lasting than saccadic eye movements and it has been suggested that initiating a smooth pursuit eye movement involves an obligatory "open-loop" interval in which new visual motion signals presumably cannot influence the ensuing motor plan for up to 100 ms after ... | 2019 | 30709895 |
| probability distortion depends on choice sequence in rhesus monkeys. | humans and other primates share many decision biases, among them our subjective distortion of objective probabilities. when making choices between uncertain rewards we typically treat probabilities nonlinearly: overvaluing low probabilities of reward and undervaluing high ones. a growing body of evidence, however, points to a more flexible pattern of distortion than the classical inverse-s one, highlighting the effect of experimental conditions in shifting the weight assigned to probabilities, s ... | 2019 | 30705103 |
| anti-drug antibody responses impair prophylaxis mediated by aav-delivered hiv-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies. | adeno-associated virus (aav) delivery of potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnabs is a promising approach for the prevention of hiv-1 infection. the immunoglobulin g (igg)1 subtype is usually selected for this application, because it efficiently mediates antibody effector functions and has a somewhat longer half-life. however, the use of igg1-fc has been associated with the generation of anti-drug antibodies (adas) that correlate with loss of antibody expression. in contrast, we have sh ... | 2019 | 30704961 |
| identification of variable and joining germline genes and alleles for rhesus macaque from b cell receptor repertoires. | the rhesus macaque is a valuable preclinical animal model to estimate vaccine effectiveness and is also important for understanding ab maturation and b cell repertoire evolution responding to vaccination. however, incomplete mapping of rhesus ig germline genes hinders the research efforts. to address this deficiency, we sequenced the bcr repertoires of 75 indian rhesus macaques. using a bioinformatic method that has been validated with bcr repertoire analysis of three human donors, we were able ... | 2019 | 30700589 |
| modeling diverse responses to filled and outline shapes in macaque v4. | visual area v4 is an important midlevel cortical processing stage that subserves object recognition in primates. studies investigating shape coding in v4 have largely probed neuronal responses with filled shapes, i.e., shapes defined by both a boundary and an interior fill. as a result, we do not know whether form-selective v4 responses are dictated by boundary features alone or if interior fill is also important. we studied 43 v4 neurons in two male macaque monkeys ( macaca mulatta) with a set ... | 2019 | 30699004 |
| temporal patterns of gene regulation and upstream regulators contributing to major developmental transitions during rhesus macaque preimplantation development. | the preimplantation period of life in mammals encompasses a tremendous amount of restructuring and remodeling of the embryonic genome and reprogramming of gene expression. these vast changes support metabolic activation and cellular processes that drive early cleavage divisions and enable the creation of the earliest primitive cell lineages. a major question in mammalian embryology is how such vast, sweeping changes in gene expression are orchestrated, so that changes in gene expression are exac ... | 2019 | 30698740 |
| small incision femtosecond laser-assisted x-ray-irradiated corneal intrastromal xenotransplantation in rhesus monkeys: a preliminary study. | gamma-ray irradiation could significantly induce widespread apoptosis in corneas and reduced the allogenicity of donor cornea. and the x-rays may have similar biological effects. the feasibility and effects of x-ray-irradiated corneal lamellae have not been assessed yet. | 2018 | 30698112 |
| white matter is the predilection site of late-delayed radiation-induced brain injury in non-human primates. | fractionated whole-brain irradiation for the treatment of intracranial neoplasia causes progressive neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. the long-term consequences of single-fraction high-dose irradiation to the brain are unknown. to assess the late effects of brain irradiation we compared transcriptomic gene expression profiles from nonhuman primates (nhp; rhesus macaques macaca mulatta) receiving single-fraction total-body irradiation (tbi; n = 5, 6.75-8.05 gy, 6-9 years prior to necropsy) ... | 2019 | 30694733 |
| persistent viral reservoirs in lymphoid tissues in siv-infected rhesus macaques of chinese-origin on suppressive antiretroviral therapy. | understanding hiv latent reservoirs in tissues is essential for the development of new strategies targeting these sites for eradication. here, we assessed the size of latent reservoirs and the source of residual viruses in multiple lymphoid tissues of siv-infected and fully suppressed rhesus macaques of chinese-origin (crms). eight crms were infected with sivmac251 and treated with tenofovir and emtricitabine daily for 24 weeks initiated 4 weeks post-infection. four of the eight animals reached ... | 2019 | 30691203 |
| zika virus in peridomestic neotropical primates, northeast brazil. | zika virus (zikv) is a mosquito-borne viral disease associated with fetal microcephaly and other central nervous system (cns) symptomatology. it was first identified in a rhesus macaque in uganda in 1947 and later in humans (zika fever). in 2015, zikv was notified in northeast brazil where it was associated with cns alterations and with rapid epidemic spread. considering that zikv infects old world monkeys, the aim of this study was to follow its potential in neotropical primates. here, we show ... | 2019 | 30690661 |
| a novel 18f-labeled radioligand for positron emission tomography imaging of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-hsd1): synthesis and preliminary evaluation in nonhuman primates. | 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-hsd1) catalyzes the conversion of cortisone to cortisol and controls a key pathway in the regulation of stress. studies have implicated 11β-hsd1 in metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes and obesity, as well as stress-related disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, such as depression and alzheimer's disease (ad). we have previously developed [11c]as2471907 as a pet radiotracer to image 11β-hsd1 in the brain of nonhuman primates and humans. how ... | 2019 | 30689943 |
| effects of reducing norepinephrine levels via dsp4 treatment on amyloid-β pathology in female rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). | the degeneration in the locus coeruleus associated with alzheimer's disease suggests an involvement of the noradrenergic system in the disease pathogenesis. the role of depleted norepinephrine was tested in adult and aged rhesus macaques to develop a potential model for testing alzheimer's disease interventions. monkeys were injected with the noradrenergic neurotoxin n-(2-chloroethyl)-n-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine (dsp4) or vehicle at 0, 3, and 6 months; brains were harvested at 9 months. reduced n ... | 2019 | 30689563 |
| lung and heart injury in a nonhuman primate model of partial-body irradiation with minimal bone marrow sparing: histopathological evidence of lung and heart injury. | male rhesus macaques were subjected to partial-body irradiation at 10, 11, or 12 gy with 5% bone marrow protection. animals were euthanized when dictated by prospectively determined clinical parameters or at approximately 180 d following irradiation. histological sections of lung and heart were stained with hematoxylin and eosin as well as a battery of histochemical and immunohistochemical stains. histopathological alterations in the lung were centered on fibrosis, inflammation, and reactive/pro ... | 2019 | 30688698 |
| a comparative dose-response relationship between sexes for mortality and morbidity of radiation-induced lung injury in the rhesus macaque. | radiation-induced lung injury is a characteristic, dose- and time-dependent sequela of potentially lethal, delayed effects of acute radiation exposure. understanding of these delayed effects to include development of medical countermeasures requires well-characterized and validated animal models that mimic the human response to acute radiation and adhere to the criteria of the us food and drug administration animal rule. the objective herein was to establish a nonhuman primate model of whole-tho ... | 2019 | 30688697 |
| early amygdala damage alters the way rhesus macaques process species-specific audio-visual vocalizations. | perceiving, integrating, and interpreting multimodal signals are essential for social success, but the neural substrates mediating these functions are not fully understood. this study examined the role of the amygdala in processing bimodal species-specific vocalizations using eye tracking in rhesus macaques. looking behavior of 6 adult rhesus monkeys with neonatal amygdala lesions (neo-aibo; 3m, 3f) was compared with that of 6 sham-operated controls (neo-c; 3m, 3f). two side-by-side videos of un ... | 2019 | 30688484 |
| modeling the encoding of saccade kinematic metrics in the purkinje cell layer of the cerebellar vermis. | recent electrophysiological observations related to saccadic eye movements in rhesus monkeys, suggest a prediction of the sensory consequences of movement in the purkinje cell layer of the cerebellar oculomotor vermis (omv). a definite encoding of real-time motion of the eye has been observed in simple-spike responses of the combined burst-pause purkinje cell populations, organized based upon their complex-spike directional tuning. however, the underlying control mechanisms that could lead to su ... | 2018 | 30687055 |
| safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity of the therapeutic monoclonal antibody mab114 targeting ebola virus glycoprotein (vrc 608): an open-label phase 1 study. | mab114 is a single monoclonal antibody that targets the receptor-binding domain of ebola virus glycoprotein, which prevents mortality in rhesus macaques treated after lethal challenge with zaire ebolavirus. here we present expedited data from vrc 608, a phase 1 study to evaluate mab114 safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity. | 2019 | 30686586 |
| does prior dengue virus exposure worsen clinical outcomes of zika virus infection? a systematic review, pooled analysis and lessons learned. | zika virus (zikv) recently caused a pandemic complicated by guillain-barre syndrome (gbs) and birth defects. zikv is structurally similar to the dengue viruses (denv) and in vitro studies suggest antibody dependent enhancement occurs in zikv infections preceded by denv; however, the clinical significance of this remains unclear. we undertook a prisma-adherent systematic review of all current human and non-human primate (nhp) data to determine if prior infection with denv, compared to denv-naïve ... | 2019 | 30682026 |
| omip-052: an 18-color panel for measuring th1, th2, th17, and tfh responses in rhesus macaques. | 2019 | 30681265 | |
| identification of premeiotic, meiotic, and postmeiotic cells in testicular biopsies without sperm from sertoli cell-only syndrome patients. | sertoli cell-only syndrome (scos) affects about 26.3⁻57.8% of azoospermic men, with their seminiferous tubules containing only sertoli cells. recently, it was reported that testicular biopsies from nonobstructive azoospermic (noa) patients contained germ cells, and that sperm could be found in the tubules of 20% of scos patients using testicular sperm extraction technology. since the patients without sperm in their testicular biopsies do not have therapy to help them to father a biological child ... | 2019 | 30678285 |
| predicting efavirenz concentrations in the brain tissue of hiv-infected individuals and exploring their relationship to neurocognitive impairment. | sparse data exist on the penetration of antiretrovirals into brain tissue. in this work, we present a framework to use efavirenz (efv) pharmacokinetic (pk) data in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (csf), and brain tissue of eight rhesus macaques to predict brain tissue concentrations in hiv-infected individuals. we then perform exposure-response analysis with the model-predicted efv area under the concentration-time curve (auc) and neurocognitive scores collected from a group of 24 hiv-infected parti ... | 2019 | 30675981 |
| macaque monkeys learn by observation in the ghost display condition in the object-in-place task with differential reward to the observer. | observational learning has been investigated in monkeys mainly using conspecifics or humans as models to observe. some studies attempted to clarify the social agent's role and to test whether non-human primates could learn from observation of a non-social agent, usually mentioned as a 'ghost display' condition, but they reported conflicting results. to address this question, we trained three rhesus monkeys in an object-in-place task consisting of the presentation of five subsequent problems comp ... | 2019 | 30674953 |
| cytomegalovirus vectors expressing plasmodium knowlesi antigens induce immune responses that delay parasitemia upon sporozoite challenge. | the development of a sterilizing vaccine against malaria remains one of the highest priorities for global health research. while sporozoite vaccines targeting the pre-erythrocytic stage show great promise, it has not been possible to maintain efficacy long-term, likely due to an inability of these vaccines to maintain effector memory t cell responses in the liver. vaccines based on human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) might overcome this limitation since vectors based on rhesus cmv (rhcmv), the homologo ... | 2019 | 30673723 |
| s-cone photoreceptors in the primate retina are functionally distinct from l and m cones. | daylight vision starts with signals in three classes of cone photoreceptors sensitive to short (s), middle (m), and long (l) wavelengths. psychophysical studies show that perceptual sensitivity to rapidly varying inputs differs for signals originating in s cones versus l and m cones; notably, s-cone signals appear perceptually delayed relative to l- and m-cone signals. these differences could originate in the cones themselves or in the post-cone circuitry. to determine if the cones could contrib ... | 2019 | 30672735 |
| molecular characterization of entamoeba spp. in wild taihangshan macaques (macaca mulatta tcheliensis) in china. | entamoeba spp. is one of the most common enteric parasites of humans and animals. | 2019 | 30671772 |
| blinded by the light: a nonhuman primate model of achromatopsia. | achromatopsia is an inherited retinal degeneration characterized by the loss of cone photoreceptor function. in this issue of the jci, moshiri et al. characterize a naturally occurring model of the disease in the rhesus macaque caused by homozygous mutations in the phototransduction enzyme pde6c. using retinal imaging, and electrophysiologic and biochemical methods, the authors report a clinical phenotype nearly identical to the human condition. these findings represent the first genetic nonhuma ... | 2019 | 30667378 |
| a behavioral face preference deficit in a monkey with an incomplete face patch system. | primates are experts in face perception and naturally show a preference for faces under free-viewing conditions. the primate ventral stream is characterized by a network of face patches that selectively responds to faces, but it remains uncertain how important such parcellation is for face perception. here we investigated free-viewing behavior in a female monkey who naturally lacks fmri-defined posterior and middle lateral face patches. we presented a series of content-rich images of scenes that ... | 2019 | 30665007 |
| prevention of tuberculosis infection and disease by local bcg in repeatedly exposed rhesus macaques. | tuberculosis (tb) remains the deadliest infectious disease1, and the widely used bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) vaccine fails to curb the epidemic. an improved vaccination strategy could provide a cost-effective intervention to break the transmission cycle and prevent antimicrobial resistance2,3. limited knowledge of the host responses critically involved in protective immunity hampers the development of improved tb vaccination regimens. therefore, assessment of new strategies in preclinical mod ... | 2019 | 30664782 |