Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses in goldfish carassius auratus during anoxia and reoxygenation. | the purpose of this work was to evaluate the response of the antioxidant system of goldfish carassius auratus during anoxia and reoxygenation. the exposure of goldfish to 8 h of anoxia induced a 14% decrease in total glutathione levels in the kidney, although the liver, brain, and muscle were unaffected. anoxia also resulted in increases in the activities of liver catalase, brain glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and brain glutathione peroxidase (by 38, 26, and 79%, respectively) and a decrease ... | 2001 | 11124139 |
| evolutionary and physiological variation in cardiac troponin c in relation to thermal strategies of fish. | striated muscle contraction is initiated when troponin c (tnc) binds ca(2+), which activates actinomyosin atpase. we investigated (i) the variation between cardiac tnc (ctnc) primary structure within teleost fish and (ii) the pattern of tnc expression in response to temperature acclimation. there were few differences between rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), yellowfin tuna (thunnus albacares), yellow perch (perca flavescens), goldfish (carassius auratus), white sucker (catostomus commersoni), ... | 2000 | 11121357 |
| goldfish carassius auratus gibelio (bloch) occur in the russian area of the black sea. | 2016 | 11103328 | |
| genetic evidence for gonochoristic reproduction in gynogenetic silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio bloch) as revealed by rapd assays. | sex evolution has been a debating focus in evolutionary genetics. in lower vertebrates of reptiles, amphibians, and fish, a species or a bioform reproduces either sexually or asexually but never both. a few species were found to consist of all females in fish. these all-female species can propagate by asexual reproduction modes, such as gynogenesis and hybridogenesis. however, the coexistence of sexuality and asexuality in a single species was recently noted only in a cyprinid fish silver crucia ... | 2000 | 11080373 |
| s100-like protein in the goldfish (carassius auratus) kidney. an immunohistochemical study. | the presence and distribution of s100-like protein in the goldfish (carassius auratus l.) kidney has been studied by the use of immunohistochemical and histochemical methods. simple immunohistochemistry (peroxidase anti-peroxidase method) was carried out with a polyclonal antibody against a mixture of both s100alpha and s100beta proteins. in order to confirm the cell-type containing s-100-like immunoreactivity, the colocalization of s-100-like protein immunoreactivity with periodic acid-schiff ( ... | 2000 | 11079723 |
| directional encoding by fish auditory systems. | this paper reviews and discusses several investigations of the peripheral neural code for the directional axis of acoustical particle motion in the saccule of two fishes: goldfish (carassius auratus) and toadfish (opsanus tau). most saccular afferents are directional in the manner of hair cells, having a cosine-shaped directional response pattern. the saccular sensory epithelia are orientated almost vertically in a parasagittal plane. in the horizontal plane, these epithelia are orientated obliq ... | 2000 | 11079415 |
| whole-body metabolism of the organophosphorus pesticide, fenthion, in goldfish, carassius auratus. | the in vivo metabolism of fenthion, an organophosphorus pesticide, and its sulfoxide (fenthion sulfoxide) was examined in goldfish (carassius auratus). when goldfish were administered fenthion i.p. at a dose of 100 mg/kg, two metabolites were isolated from the tank water. they were identified as fenthion sulfoxide and fenthion oxon, in which > p = s of fenthion is transformed to > p = o, by comparing their mass and uv spectra, and their behavior in hplc and tlc, with those of authentic standards ... | 2000 | 11048676 |
| effects of carbofuran, diuron, and nicosulfuron on acetylcholinesterase activity in goldfish (carassius auratus). | juvenile goldfish (carassius auratus) were exposed to three widely used pesticides; carbofuran, diuron, and nicosulfuron. acetylcholinesterase (ache) activity and molecular forms of ache were first characterized in brain and skeletal muscle of unexposed fish. skeletal muscle had higher ache activity than brain (306 and 215 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively). in brain, four molecular forms of ache were found: a12, g4, g2, and g1. in the muscle, three molecular forms were found a12, a8, and g2. ac ... | 2000 | 11023689 |
| inhibitory effects of morphine on some inflammation-related parameters in the goldfish carassius auratus l. | acute peritonitis induced in the goldfish by intraperitoneal injection of a sterile thioglycollate solution shows a typical pattern with intraperitoneal exudation of serum proteins followed by influx of leucocytes (mainly heterophils/macrophages) correlated with elevated levels of chemotactic factors in peritoneal fluid and blood plasma. supplementation of thioglycollate with morphine (20 mg kg(-1) b.w.) does not affect the leakage of serum proteins into peritoneum. in contrast, it reduces the n ... | 2000 | 11016587 |
| endocrine disruption by hexachlorobenzene in crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio). | 2000 | 11014838 | |
| a mathematical analysis of the peripheral auditory system mechanics in the goldfish (carassius auratus). | the dynamic response of the goldfish peripheral auditory system has been analyzed using lumped-parameter mechanical and fluid system models for the swimbladder, weberian apparatus, and saccule. the swimbladder is treated as a two degree-of-freedom mechanical system consisting of two coupled mass-spring-damper arrangements. the swimbladder is coupled to the weberian ossicles using a phenomenological analysis of the anterior swimbladder tunica externa which permits both stretching and sliding. ana ... | 2000 | 11008831 |
| molecular cloning of cdna encoding a ubiquitin-activating enzyme (e1) from goldfish (carassius auratus) and expression analysis of the cloned gene. | destruction of cyclin b is required to the mitotic and meiotic cycles. a cyclin-specific ubiquitinating system, including ubiquitin-activating enzyme (e1), is thought to be responsible for cyclin b destruction. here we present the cloning, sequencing and expression analysis of goldfish, carassius auratus, e1 from goldfish ovary. the cloned cdna is 4069 bp long and encodes 1059 amino acids. the deduced amino acid sequence is highly homologous to e1 from other species. recombinant goldfish e1 coul ... | 2000 | 11004499 |
| the homologue of mannose-binding lectin in the carp family cyprinidae is expressed at high level in spleen, and the deduced primary structure predicts affinity for galactose. | mannose-binding lectin (mbl) participates in the innate immune system as an activator of the complement system and as an opsonin after binding to certain carbohydrate structures on microorganisms. we isolated and characterized cdna transcripts encoding an mbl homologue from three members of the carp family cyprinidae, the zebrafish danio rerio, the goldfish carassius auratus, and the carp cyprinus carpio. the carp and zebrafish transcripts contain two polyadenylation sites and rt-pcr on mrna fro ... | 2000 | 11003389 |
| differential innervation of the goldfish tonic red muscles and twitch white muscles by neuropeptide-immunoreactive motoneurons. | neuropeptides in the motor nerves innervating the red and white muscles of the goldfish carassius auratus were examined. in the tonic red muscles, varicose nerve endings immunoreactive for both calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance p were found spread over the surface of the muscle fibers, but in the twitch white muscles only scattered nerve endings immunoreactive for calcitonin gene-related peptide were found. at the electron microscopic observation, dense electron products immunoreacti ... | 2000 | 10974495 |
| dissociation of place and cue learning by telencephalic ablation in goldfish. | this study examined the spatial strategies used by goldfish (carassius auratus) to find a goal in a 4-arm maze and the involvement of the telencephalon in this spatial learning. intact and telencephalon-ablated goldfish were trained to find food in an arm placed in a constant room location and signaled by a local visual cue (mixed place-cue procedure). both groups learned the task, but they used different learning strategies. telencephalon-ablated goldfish learned the task more quickly and made ... | 2000 | 10959527 |
| genotoxicity evaluation of heat shock in gold fish (carassius auratus). | genotoxicity evaluation of heat shock was carried out in carassius auratus. the genotoxicity end points studied were nuclear anomalies (micronucleus assay), chromosomal aberrations, dna damage (comet assay) and cell proliferation. the heat shock temperatures used were 34 degrees c, 36 degrees c and 38 degrees c. the results demonstrated that heat shock causes the induction of micronucleus at all the three temperature studied. heat shock also inhibited cell proliferation at 38 degrees c and cause ... | 2000 | 10946237 |
| generation and functional analysis of distinct macrophage sub-populations from goldfish (carassius auratus l.) kidney leukocyte cultures. | three distinct sub-populations of macrophages derived from goldfish kidney leukocyte cultures were generated and characterised. the sub-populations designated as r1, r2 and r3-type macrophages had distinct morphological, cytochemical and flow cytometric profiles, and also differed in their anti-microbial functions after activation with macrophage activation factors (maf) and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps). the r1-type macrophages were small cells that contained acid phosphatase, but lacked m ... | 2000 | 10938719 |
| action of adenosine on energetics, protein synthesis and k(+) homeostasis in teleost hepatocytes. | in a comparative study, we analysed the effects of adenosine on the energetics, protein synthesis and k(+ )homeostasis of hepatocytes from the anoxia-tolerant goldfish carassius auratus and the anoxia-intolerant trout oncorhynchus mykiss. the rate of oxygen consumption did not respond immediately to the addition of adenosine to the cells from either species, but showed a significant decrease in trout hepatocytes after 30 min. the anaerobic rate of lactate formation was not significantly affected ... | 2000 | 10934006 |
| uptake of weakly hydrophobic nitroaromatics from water by semipermeable membrane devices (spmds) and by goldfish (carassius auratus). | semipermeable membrane devices (spmds) filled with triolein, and goldfish (carassius auratus) were simultaneously exposed to nine weakly hydrophobic nitroaromatics in a laboratory continuous-flow experiment. the results showed that the device concentrated the compounds in most cases to a larger extent than fish and that the overall uptake rate constants (kmu) and average pollutant sampling rates (r(s)) were similar. we conclude that the spmds may be used to determine the levels of weakly hydroph ... | 1999 | 10903091 |
| effect of the pesticide deltamethrin on the mauthner cells of lake balaton fish. | deltamethrin, a synthetic pesticide [(s)alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl-(1r)-cis-3-(2.2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dim ethylcyclopropane-carboxylate] used for extermination of mosquitoes on the shores of lake balaton, has been found to induce severe impairments of the nervous system of several lake balaton fish, such as carp (cyprinus carpio), goldfish (carassius auratus gibelis bloch), eel (anguilla anguilla) and wels (silurus glanis). it has been shown that deltamethrin, in a concentration of 1 microgram/l ... | 2000 | 10894124 |
| the distribution of the introduced tapeworm bothriocephalus acheilognathi in australian freshwater fishes. | native and exotic fishes were collected from 29 sites across coastal and inland new south wales, queensland and victoria, using a range of techniques, to infer the distribution of bothriocephalus acheilognathi (cestoda: pseudophyllidea) and the host species in which it occurs. the distribution of b. acheilognathi was determined by that of its principal host, carp, cyprinus carpio; it did not occur at sites where carp were not present. the parasite was recorded from all native fish species where ... | 2000 | 10881282 |
| variability in the role of the gasbladder in fish audition. | the teleost gasbladder is believed to aid in fish audition by transferring pressure components of incoming sound to the inner ears. this idea is primarily based on both anatomical observations of the mechanical connection between the gasbladder and the ear, followed by physiological experiments by various researchers. the gasbladder movement has been modeled mathematically as a pulsating bubble. this study is extending the previous work on fish with a physical coupling of the gasbladder and ear ... | 2000 | 10879947 |
| immunocytochemical localization of the glutamate transporter glt-1 in goldfish (carassius auratus) retina. | glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the retina of vertebrates. electrophysiological experiments in goldfish and salamander have shown that neuronal glutamate transporters play an important role in the clearance of glutamate from cone synaptic clefts. in this study, the localization of the glutamate transporter glt-1 has been investigated immunocytochemically at the light and electron microscopical levels in the goldfish retina using a glt-1-specific antibody. glt immunoreactivi ... | 2000 | 10870084 |
| pheromone discrimination ability of olfactory bulb mitral and ruffed cells in the goldfish (carassius auratus). | significant anatomical differences characterizing mitral cells and ruffed cells were published by kosaka and hama in three teleost species. physiological responses from both types of relay neurons have now been recorded extracellularly and simultaneously in the plexiform layer using a single tungsten microelectrode. during interstimulus intervals mitral cells responded with higher, frequently burst-like impulse rates triggered by the activity of epithelial receptor neurons. ruffed cell impulse r ... | 2000 | 10866992 |
| [the variability of the reaction to a visual stimulus in goldfish, carassius auratus l. (cyprinidae: pisces)]. | animal's responses to repeated identical stimulation are notoriously variable. the variability is not always resulted from differences between individuals, stimulus action, or habituation. goldfish's responses to a visual stimulus were studied in order to reveal the nature of variability. the experimental device consisted of a white circular corridor, and the black band stimulus drown across the corridor. fish responded to the stimulation by an increase in frequency of turns in the vicinity of t ... | 2006 | 10863367 |
| evidence that nitric oxide is involved in the regulation of growth hormone secretion in goldfish. | whether nitric oxide (no) plays a role in regulation of growth hormone (gh) secretion from somatotropes in the pituitary of the goldfish carassius auratus was investigated. immunocytochemistry with two antibodies against mammalian no synthase (nos) revealed the presence of a nos-like enzyme in primary cultures of dispersed goldfish pituitary cells, including morphologically identified somatotropes. no donors s-nitroso-n-acetylpenicillamine and sodium nitroprusside (snp), as well as a cyclic guan ... | 2000 | 10843797 |
| specific cell-mediated cytotoxicity against a virus-infected syngeneic cell line in isogeneic ginbuna crucian carp. | in the present study, we attempted to determine whether virus-specific cell-mediated cytotoxicity occurs in fish. experiments were conducted with clonal ginbuna crucian carp (carassius auratus langsdorfii) (s3n strain), and the syngeneic cell line (cfs). two infectious viruses were used: infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) and eel virus from america (eva). peripheral blood leukocytes, which consisted almost entirely (95%) of lymphocytes and thrombocytes, from s3n ginbuna immunized with v ... | 2000 | 10831797 |
| fish uptake of inorganic and mucus complexes of lead. | carassius auratus were exposed to lead in synthetic water. mucus secreted from the fish was measured and characterized for its lead binding capacity. the increase in mucus concentration in the water depended on secretion and degradation rates and the former was speeded up by lead. the complexation between mucus and lead can be described based on a single-site interaction model. lead speciation in the system with or without mucus was calculated using chemical equilibrium modeling. the dominant sp ... | 2000 | 10831330 |
| extinction risk of a density-dependent population estimated from a time series of population size. | environmental threats, such as habitat size reduction or environmental pollution, may not cause immediate extinction of a population but shorten the expected time to extinction. we develop a method to estimate the mean time to extinction for a density-dependent population with environmental fluctuation. we first derive a formula for a stochastic differential equation model (canonical model) of a population with logistic growth with environmental and demographic stochasticities. we then study an ... | 2000 | 10816359 |
| comparing risk factors for population extinction. | extinction risk of natural populations of animals and plants is enhanced by many different processes, including habitat size reduction and toxic chemical exposure. we develop a method to evaluate different risk factors in terms of the decrease in the mean extinction time. we choose a population model with logistic growth, environmental and demographic stochasticities with three parameters (intrinsic growth rate r, carrying capacity k, and environmental noise sigma(2)(e)). the reduction in the ha ... | 2000 | 10816358 |
| molecular cloning and expression studies of a prolactin receptor in goldfish (carassius auratus). | a full-length cdna clone, of a size of 4.6 kb, for the goldfish prolactin receptor has been isolated. this cdna clone encodes a protein of 600 amino acids homologous to prolactin receptors of other species. a kyte-doolittle hydropathy analysis of the receptor indicates that the translated protein consists of a signal peptide of 22 amino acids, an extracellular domain of 228 amino acids, a single transmembrane domain of 24 amino acids, and an intracellular domain of 346 amino acids. several chara ... | 2000 | 10794515 |
| cdna cloning and expression of a novel estrogen receptor beta-subtype in goldfish (carassius auratus). | we have isolated a second goldfish estrogen receptor (er) beta-subtype (gfer-beta2) cdna which is distinct from the liver-derived er-beta (gfer-beta1) cdna reported previously. the 2650-bp cdna, isolated from a goldfish pituitary and brain cdna library, encodes a 610 amino acid (aa) protein which shows only a 53% aa sequence identity with gfer-beta1 in overall structure. rt-pcr analysis showed that mrna of gfer-beta2, in contrast to that of gfer-beta1, was predominantly expressed in pituitary, t ... | 2000 | 10786629 |
| identification of the goldfish 20s proteasome beta6 subunit bound to nuclear matrix. | proteasomes are large, multisubunit particles that act as the proteolytic machinery for most of the regulated intracellular protein breakdown in eukaryotic cells. proteasomes are present in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. when we analyzed the molecular composition of protein constituents of the nuclear matrix preparation of goldfish oocytes by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by sequence analysis, we found a 26 kda spot identical in amino acid sequence to the beta6 sub ... | 2000 | 10781806 |
| analysis of genetic heterogeneity among five gynogenetic clones of silver crucian carp, carassius auratus gibelio bloch, based on detection of rapd molecular markers. | the gynogenetic silver crucian carp, carassius auratus gibelio, is a unique model system for studying evolutionary genetics and selective breeding, owing to its specific genetic background and reproductive modes. five gynogenetic clones were analyzed by the random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) technique, using 30 10-nucleotide-long primers. twenty-six primers produced well-amplified dna fragments with reproducible banding patterns, and 24 primers were polymorphic. nearly identical banding pat ... | 2000 | 10773687 |
| structure and function in the saccule of the goldfish (carassius auratus): a model of diversity in the non-amniote ear. | the vertebrate inner ear is comprised of a remarkable diversity of cell types, including several types of sensory hair cells. in amniotes (reptiles, birds, and mammals), the morphological and physiological characteristics that distinguish these cell types have been well documented, while cellular variation in the ears of non-amniotes (all other vertebrate groups) has remained underrecognized. since non-amniotes have become increasingly popular models for developmental and genetic research, a mor ... | 2000 | 10771179 |
| x-ray microanalysis of myotomal muscle in the sunbleak, leucaspius delineatus (heckel) and goldfish, carassius auratus gibelio. | the functioning of a group of muscle fibres as a tissue that performs a well characterized type of contraction (slow or fast) depends on their biochemical and structural organization that is already well established. the biochemical and structural diversities between three types of fish muscle fibres found also a reflection in the content of light elements. the present work demonstrates significant differences in the content of diffusible elements (cl, k, na, and mg) and bound elements (p and s) ... | 1999 | 10754791 |
| surface ultrastructure of metagonimus takahashii metacercariae and adults. | a scanning electron microscopic study was performed on the surface ultrastructure of metacercariae and adults of metagonimus takahashii. metacercariae were collected from the scale of crucian carp (carassius auratus), and adult flukes were harvested 1-4 weeks after infection to rats. in excysted metacercariae, the oral sucker had type i (numerous) and type ii (seven in total) sensory papillae. tegumental spines were dense and digitated into 5-7 points on the surface anterior to the ventral sucke ... | 2000 | 10743353 |
| antibody responses of goldfish (carassius auratus l.) to dna-immunisation at different temperatures and feeding levels. | dna vaccines which work in winter are needed for fish. at 18 weeks after intramuscular injection of a plasmid containing lacz goldfish at 15 degrees c had five-fold more antibody to betagalactosidase than those at 25 degrees c or those at </=9 degrees c. expression persisted for 1 week at 25 degrees c and for 4 weeks at 15 degrees c. expression was highest after 18 weeks at </=9 degrees c and was correlated to antibody titre in this group. goldfish on low or high rations (0.33 or 3% body weight ... | 2000 | 10738088 |
| depletion of head kidney neutrophils and cells with basophilic granules during peritoneal inflammation in the goldfish, carassius auratus. | the head kidney morphology of the goldfish with the experimental peritoneal inflammation (on day 2 after i.p. injection with sterile 3% thioglycollate) is compared with that in the control fish (i.e. on day 2 after i.p. injection with a strile physiological saline pbs) with special emphasis on identification of granulocytes on semithin and consecutive ultrathin sections. the most striking feature of head kidneys of goldfish in the course of peritoneal inflammation is a severe depletion of mature ... | 1999 | 10723936 |
| dendritic arbors on the saccule and lagena in the ear of the goldfish, carassius auratus. | the ear of the goldfish (carassius auratus) contains three otolithic endorgans: the saccule, lagena, and utricle. the saccule has an auditory function in most teleost fishes for whom data are available, and there is evidence that the lagena is also an auditory endorgan in the goldfish. this study was conducted to compare the innervation of the saccule and the lagena to one another and to previously published data from goldfish and other species. we placed cobaltous-lysine in saccular and lagenar ... | 2000 | 10713510 |
| effects of hypoxia, anoxia, and endogenous ethanol on thermoregulation in goldfish, carassius auratus. | effects of hypoxia, anoxia, and endogenous ethanol (etoh) on selected temperature (t(sel)) and activity in goldfish were evaluated. blood and brain etoh concentrations ([etoh]) and brain oxygen partial pressure (po(2)) were quantified at crucial ambient oxygen pressures. below a threshold value near 31 torr, t(sel) decreased as a function of environmental po(2). t(sel) of 15 degrees c-acclimated fish was approximately 10 degrees c at the onset of anoxia and changed little over 2 h. activity show ... | 2000 | 10712271 |
| the ageing of the low-frequency water disturbances caused by swimming goldfish and its possible relevance to prey detection. | wakes caused by swimming goldfish (carassius auratus) were measured with a particle image velocimetry system and analyzed using a cross-correlation technique. particle velocities in a horizontal plane (size of measuring plane 24 cmx32 cm or 20 cmx27 cm) were determined, and the vorticity in the plane was derived from these data. the wake behind a swimming goldfish can show a clear vortex structure for at least 30 s. particle velocities significantly higher than background noise could still be de ... | 2000 | 10708639 |
| microglial cells in the retina of carassius auratus: effects of optic nerve crush. | to study the morphology and distribution of the retinal microglial cells of the goldfish retina in normal conditions and after optic nerve crush, we have used the nucleoside diphosphatase (ndpase) technique, applied to whole-mounts or sections, for light and electron microscopy. in normal retinas, two populations of ndpase-positive cells were identified: compact cells associated with the retinal vessels on the vitreal surface of the retina and microglial cells in various retinal layers. the micr ... | 2000 | 10701865 |
| novel aspects of the activities and subcellular distribution of enzymes of ketone body metabolism in the liver and kidney of the goldfish, carassius auratus. | the metabolic organization of ketone body metabolism of liver and kidney of the goldfish carassius auratus was assessed by measuring maximal activities, subcellular distribution, and stereoisomer preference of ketone body enzymes. these determinations indicate that the organization of ketone body metabolism in liver and kidney of goldfish differs from that of mammals in some respects. all the enzymes of ketone body metabolism were present in liver and kidney of goldfish, with the exception of hy ... | 2000 | 10684566 |
| oxygen-dependent energetics of anoxia-tolerant and anoxia-intolerant hepatocytes. | the oxygen-dependence of cellular energetics was investigated in hepatocytes from goldfish carassius auratus (anoxia-tolerant) and rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (anoxia-intolerant). in goldfish hepatocytes, an approximately 50 % reduction in the rate of oxygen consumption was observed in response to both acute and prolonged hypoxia, the latter treatment shifting the threshold for this reduction to a higher oxygen level. a concomitant increase in the rate of lactate production did not compens ... | 2000 | 10667979 |
| expression of human blood group antigens a and b in stomach cells of c. carpio, c. auratus, r. ridibunda and h. sapiens. | human blood group abh antigens are found not only on red blood cell membranes, but in many other cell types as well. their biological functions still remain unclear. the aim of the present study was to examine the cellular expression of these antigens in the stomach of representatives of different vertebrates--pisces and amphibia and to compare it with their expression found in man. the immunohistochemical technique applied was based on the biotinstreptavidin-peroxidase complex. monoclonal antib ... | 1999 | 10658361 |
| post-trial administration of h1 histamine receptor blocker improves appetitive reversal learning and memory in goldfish, carassius auratus. | based on the hypothesis that neuronal histamine exerts an inhibitory influence on learning and reinforcement, goldfish were tested for post-trial effects of the h1 receptor blocker chlorpheniramine (cpa) on learning the location of a food source in one of two compartments, one black the other white, with a feeder located in each compartment. testing was carried out over 6 days. on the training day a food pellet was placed into the feeder of one of the compartments. after consumption of the food ... | 1999 | 10643884 |
| translational regulation of cyclin b mrna by 17alpha,20beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (maturation-inducing hormone) during oocyte maturation in a teleost fish, the goldfish (carassius auratus). | 17alpha,20beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17alpha,20beta-dp) was identified as maturation-inducing hormone (mih) in several teleost fishes. in goldfish (carassius auratus), 17alpha,20beta-dp induces oocyte maturation by stimulating the de novo synthesis of cyclin b, a regulatory subunit of maturation-promoting factor (mpf). in this study, we examined the control mechanisms of 17alpha,20beta-dp-induced de novo synthesis of cyclin b protein in oocytes, which is a prerequisite step for mpf activati ... | 1999 | 10630408 |
| genetic diversity in crucian carp (carassius auratus). | a survey of restriction fragment polymorphism in mitochondrial dna of three subspecies of carassius auratus throughout four provinces in china was undertaken using 17 restriction enzymes. two carp, cyprinus carpio rubbrofuscus and cyprinus carpio carpio, were included as the outgroup. a total of 16 haplotypes was observed: 5 in tetraploids of c. auratus auratus; 8 in hexaploids of c. auratus auratus; and 2 in c. auratus gibelio and c. auratus cuvieri, respectively. the tetraploids and hexaploids ... | 1999 | 10626035 |
| actions of two forms of gonadotropin releasing hormone and a gnrh antagonist on spawning behavior of the goldfish carassius auratus. | the central effects of two native forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh), salmon gnrh (sgnrh) and chicken gnrh-ii (cgnrh-ii), and a gnrh antagonist, ¿ac-delta 3-pro(1), 4fd-phe(2), d-trp(3, 6)mgnrh (analog e), on the spawning behavior of sexually recrudescent female goldfish were investigated. the effects of analog e were also observed in mature males. female spawning behavior was induced by intramuscular injection of females with prostaglandin f(2alpha) and placing them in the presence ... | 1999 | 10603273 |
| characterization of ampa receptors on isolated amacrine-like cells in carp retina. | in amacrine-like cells freshly dissociated from crucian carp (carassius auratus) retina, we recorded whole-cell responses to rapid application of glutamate and kainate. currents induced by glutamate, but not kainate, usually showed extremely rapid desensitization, and the mean time constant for the decay of the responses to 10 mm glutamate was 2.77 ms. n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) failed to induce any current even with coapplication of glycine and removal of extracellular mg2 +. 1-(4-aminophenyl) ... | 1999 | 10594649 |
| morphometric study of the regeneration of individual rays in teleost tail fins. | the results obtained using morphometric variables which describe fin ray regeneration patterns are reported for individual fin ray amputations in the goldfish (carassius auratus) and zebrafish (brachydanio rerio). classical and updated experiments are compared to verify previous morphogenetic models of cell tractions (oster et al. 1983) or epidermis-mesenchyme induction (saunders et al. 1959) applied to the limb of other vertebrates. position-dependent patterns within the fin of carassius auratu ... | 1999 | 10580854 |
| molecular cloning of cdna encoding a cyclin-selective ubiquitin carrier protein (e2-c) from carassius auratus (goldfish) and expression analysis of the cloned gene. | destruction of cyclin b is required for exit from mitosis and meiosis. a cyclin-specific ubiquitinating system, including cyclin-selective ubiquitin carrier protein (e2-c), is thought to be responsible for cyclin b destruction. here we present the cloning, sequencing and expression analysis of goldfish, carassius auratus, e2-c which encodes the cyclin-selective ubiquitin carrier protein from goldfish ovary. the cloned cdna is 677 bp long and encodes 172 amino acids. the deduced amino acid sequen ... | 1999 | 10570943 |
| stimulation of feeding behavior and food consumption in the goldfish, carassius auratus, by orexin-a and orexin-b. | the neuropeptides, orexin-a and orexin-b, have been demonstrated to have a physiological role in the regulation of food intake in mammals. the effects of human orexin-a and orexin-b intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection on the feeding behavior of goldfish (carassius auratus) were investigated. i.c.v. injection of orexin-a and orexin-b both caused a significant increase in appetite, as indicated by an increased number of feeding acts. orexin-a and orexin-b both significantly stimulated food ... | 1999 | 10556637 |
| recombinant goldfish activin b stimulates gonadotropin-ibeta but inhibits gonadotropin-iibeta expression in the goldfish, carassius auratus. | it is well documented that the pituitary in teleosts produces two gonadotropins, namely gonadotropin-i (gth-i) and gonadotropin-ii (gth-ii), which may regulate different phases of the reproductive cycle. however, unlike in mammals, very little is known about the differential regulation of the two gths in fish. using goldfish as a model, the present study demonstrates, for the first time, that activin, a protein factor that plays a critical role in the differential regulation of mammalian fsh and ... | 1999 | 10525364 |
| the molecular genetics of red and green color vision in mammals. | to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of red-green color vision in mammals, we have cloned and sequenced the red and green opsin cdnas of cat (felis catus), horse (equus caballus), gray squirrel (sciurus carolinensis), white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), and guinea pig (cavia porcellus). these opsins were expressed in cos1 cells and reconstituted with 11-cis-retinal. the purified visual pigments of the cat, horse, squirrel, deer, and guinea pig have lambdamax values at 553, 545, 532, 531 ... | 1999 | 10511567 |
| in vitro analysis of venom from the wasp nasonia vitripennis: susceptibility of different cell lines and venom-induced changes in plasma membrane permeability. | the lethal effects of crude venom prepared from the ectoparasitic wasp nasonia vitripennis were examined with cultured cells from six insect and two vertebrate species. venom caused cells from sarcophaga peregrina (nih sape4), drosophila melanogaster (crl 1963), trichoplusia ni (tn-368 and bti-tn-5b1-4), spodoptera frugiperda (sf-21ae), and lymantria dispar (ipl-ldfbc1) to round up, swell, and eventually die. despite similar sensitivities and overlapping lc50 values [0.0004-0.0015 venom reservoi ... | 1999 | 10475265 |
| cytological and biochemical alterations in carassius auratus hepatocytes from exposure to sediment containing dioxins and related compounds. | cytological and biochemical alterations of crucial carp (carassius auratus) hepatocytes were characterized after exposure to sediments from a lake contaminated with dioxins and other industrial chemicals. carp were exposed in 20 l water containing 25, 50, or 100 g of contaminated sediment for 2 and 4 weeks. ultrastructural changes in the liver were characterized by severe enlargement of hepatocytes. alterations in the cell included formation of condensed and irregular cell nucleus, polynuclei, d ... | 1999 | 10473792 |
| uptake of particulate lead via the gills of fish (carassius auratus). | carassius auratus were exposed to mixtures of constant free lead (0. 1 mg/l) and particulate lead (adsorbed on gibbsite particles) at varied concentrations (0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 2.0, and 3.0 mg/l). the concentrations of lead and aluminum in the gills and intestines of the fish were determined after exposure. the gills were examined (after the exposure) with a light microscope for any particles adhering to the surface. the examination results revealed that lead accumulations on the gills increased w ... | 1999 | 10473791 |
| neuropeptide y has a stimulatory action on feeding behavior in goldfish (carassius auratus). | the purpose of the present study was to elucidate the possible role of neuropeptide y (npy) in the feeding regulation in fish. we examined the effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) neuropeptide y administration on food intake in satiated goldfish, at different time intervals postinjection (0-2, 2-8 and 0-8 h). food intake was significantly increased by i.c.v. administered neuropeptide y (1 microg) at 2 h postinjection, while no significant differences in food inta ... | 1999 | 10456424 |
| 11-ketotestosterone induces male-type sexual behavior and gonadotropin secretion in gynogenetic crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfii. | to determine if a gynogenetic teleost might have a sexually bipotential brain, we tested whether implantation of 11-ketotestosterone (kt) induces male-type sexual behavior and gonadotropin (gth) secretion in adult gynogenetic crucian carp, "ginbuna," carassius auratus langsdorfii. kt-implanted female ginbuna were tested for male spawning behavior by pairing them with a stimulus female in which sexual receptivity and attractivity were induced by prostaglandin f(2alpha) (pg) injection. when kt-imp ... | 1999 | 10417231 |
| ultrastructure of the olfactory epithelium in intact, axotomized, and bulbectomized goldfish, carassius auratus. | the ultrastructure of the olfactory epithelium in intact, axotomized, and bulbectomized goldfish was studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. a total of 58 adult goldfish of various survival times were examined to determine whether the different types of surgery--either olfactory nerve transection or bulbectomy--yielded differences in the extent or time course of cellular degeneration and renewal. control animals were also examined in detail to elucidate previous controversial f ... | 2006 | 10383125 |
| superoxide production in phagocytes obtained from mycobacterium marinum-stimulated goldfish (carassius auratus) that were exposed to copper. | to investigate the effects of copper exposure and recovery from copper toxicosis on the nonspecific immune response in mycobacterium marinum-inoculated goldfish. | 1999 | 10376889 |
| multiplicity of glutamic acid decarboxylases (gad) in vertebrates: molecular phylogeny and evidence for a new gad paralog. | the evolution of chordate glutamic acid decarboxylase (gad; ec 4.1.1.15), a key enzyme in the central nervous system synthesizing the neurotransmitter gamma-amino-butyric acid (gaba) from glutamate, was studied. prior to this study, molecular data of gad had been restricted to mammals, which express two distinct forms, gad65 and gad67. these are the products of separate genes and probably are derived from a common ancestral gad following gene duplication at some point during vertebrate evolution ... | 1999 | 10331265 |
| identification of serum gh-binding proteins in the goldfish (carassius auratus) and comparison with mammalian gh-binding proteins. | the present study constitutes the characterization of a specific, high-affinity gh-binding protein (ghbp) in the serum of a teleost, the goldfish (carassius auratus). gh-binding assay and ligand blotting techniques were employed to identify ghbps in goldfish serum and hepatocyte culture medium. the binding characteristics and apparent molecular weights (mr) of goldfish ghbps were also compared with those of rabbit and rat. ligand analysis identified a single class of high-affinity and low-capaci ... | 1999 | 10320823 |
| fish macrophages express a cyclo-oxygenase-2 homologue after activation. | in mammals, the increased generation of prostaglandins (pg) during the onset of inflammatory responses and activation of immune cell types has been attributed to the induction of a novel cyclo-oxygenase (cox) isoform, termed cox-2, which is distinct from the well-characterized constitutive activity (cox-1). goldfish (carassius auratus) macrophages exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharide and leucocyte-derived macrophage-activating factor(s) showed a significant increase in the generation of the m ... | 1999 | 10229670 |
| pathogenicity of mycobacterium fortuitum and mycobacterium smegmatis to goldfish, carassius auratus. | despite the ubiquitous presence of atypical mycobacteria in the environment and the potential risk of infection in humans and animals, the pathogenesis of diseases caused by infection with atypical mycobacteria has been poorly characterized. in this study, goldfish, carassius auratus were infected either with the rapidly growing fish pathogen, mycobacterium fortuitum or with another rapidly growing mycobacteria, mycobacterium smegmatis. bacterial persistence and pathological host response to myc ... | 1999 | 10227476 |
| the graft-versus-host reaction (gvhr) in the ginbuna crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfii. | a model system of clonal triploid ginbuna and tetraploid ginbuna-goldfish hybrids was employed to demonstrate the presence of graft-versus-host reaction (gvhr) in a teleost fish. tetraploid scale grafts on triploid clone members evoked an acute rejection, whereas the reverse transplants were accepted. when sensitized triploid cells were injected into tetraploid recipients, a typical gvhr was induced, leading to death of the recipients within one month. the onset of illness appeared about one wee ... | 2006 | 10220065 |
| modulation of desensitization at glutamate receptors in isolated crucian carp horizontal cells by concanavalin a, cyclothiazide, aniracetam and pepa. | in horizontal cells freshly dissociated from crucian carp (carassius auratus) retina, we examined the effects of modulators of glutamate receptor desensitization, concanavalin a, cyclothiazide, aniracetam and 4-[2-(phenylsulfonylamino)ethylthio]-2,6-difluoro-phenoxyacetam ide (pepa), on responses to rapid application of glutamate and kainate, using whole-cell voltage-clamp techniques. incubation of concanavalin a suppressed the peak response but weakly potentiated the equilibrium response of hor ... | 1999 | 10199629 |
| decrease in occurrence of fast startle responses after selective mauthner cell ablation in goldfish (carassius auratus). | a single action potential in one of a pair of reticulospinal neurons, the mauthner cells, precedes a short-latency electromyographic response of the trunk and tail musculature on the opposite side of the body and a fast startle response in goldfish. it has been postulated that not only the mauthner cell, but also an array of neurons can trigger or participate in fast startle responses (eaton et al. 1991). we have selectively ablated the mauthner cells in goldfish to study how neurons of the brai ... | 1999 | 10192953 |
| nmda and non-nmda receptors mediate responses in the primary gustatory nucleus in goldfish. | primary gustatory afferents from the oropharynx of the goldfish, carassius auratus, terminate in the vagal lobe, a laminated structure in the dorsal medulla comparable to the gustatory portion of the nucleus of the solitary tract in mammals. we utilized an in vitro brain slice preparation to test the role of different ionotropic glutamate receptor subtypes in synaptic transmission of gustatory information by recording changes in field potentials after application of various glutamate receptor an ... | 1999 | 10192474 |
| cloning of a fragment of the osteonectin gene from goldfish, carassius auratus: its expression and potential regulation by estrogen. | during reproduction, female teleost fish display increased plasma estrogen and greatly increased total plasma calcium concentrations; the main source of this calcium seems to be the scale. osteonectin, a collagen-binding glycoprotein, is a major noncollagenous constituent of mammalian bone and is a product mainly of the osteoblasts. rt-pct has been applied to clone and sequence part of the osteonectin gene from the goldfish, carassius auratus. the use of a goldfish scale cell line (gfs) and a sp ... | 1999 | 10094861 |
| whirling disease: host specificity and interaction between the actinosporean stage of myxobolus cerebralis and rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | scanning electron microscopic studies were conducted on rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss in the first 60 min after their exposure to the triactinomyxon spores of myxobolus cerebralis. the results demonstrated that as early as 1 min post exposure the whole process, from the attachment of the triactinomyxon spores to the complete penetration of their sporoplasm germs, had occurred. the triactinomyxon spores sought out the secretory openings of mucous cells of the epidermis, the respiratory epithe ... | 1999 | 10073310 |
| seasonal changes in mrna levels of gonadotropin and thyrotropin subunits in the goldfish, carassius auratus. | seasonal changes in the mrna levels of glycoprotein alpha, gonadotropin (gth) ibeta and iibeta, and thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone (tsh)) beta subunits in the pituitary of goldfish were quantified by northern blot analysis and laser densitometry. reproductive development and thyroid activity were monitored by measuring gonadosomatic index, plasma gth ii, testosterone (t), estradiol, 11-ketotestosterone, and thyroid hormones (t4 and t3). plasma gth ii and steroids showed characteristic ... | 1999 | 10068504 |
| molecular cloning of an estrogen receptor beta subtype from the goldfish, carassius auratus. | the brain of many teleost fish species, including the goldfish carassius auratus, expresses exceptionally high levels of cytochrome p450 aromatase (estrogen synthetase). to begin investigating the molecular and cellular targets of estrogen action in goldfish brain, a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) cloning strategy was used to isolate an estrogen receptor (er) complementary dna (cdna). the 2283-bp cdna isolated from goldfish liver encoded a protein of 568 amino acids (aa) with an estimated molec ... | 1999 | 10068500 |
| two gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor subtypes with distinct ligand selectivity and differential distribution in brain and pituitary in the goldfish (carassius auratus). | in the goldfish (carassius auratus) the two endogenous forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh), namely chicken gnrh ii ([his5, trp7,tyr8]gnrh) and salmon gnrh ([trp7,leu8]gnrh), stimulate the release of both gonadotropins and growth hormone from the pituitary. this control is thought to occur by means of the stimulation of distinct gnrh receptors. these receptors can be distinguished on the basis of differential gonadotropin and growth hormone releasing activities of naturally occurring g ... | 1999 | 10051676 |
| sex pheromones and amino acids evoke distinctly different spatial patterns of electrical activity in the goldfish olfactory bulb. | until now, electrophysiological studies of the vertebrate olfactory bulb have tested only 'generalist' cues. these studies suggest that odorants are discriminated by a broadly distributed spatial map. in this study, we tested for the first time in a vertebrate the hypothesis that 'specialist' cues (pheromones) are discriminated by a more restricted component of the olfactory bulb. our model is the male goldfish, carassius auratus, for which five sex pheromones with both behavioral and physiologi ... | 1998 | 10049233 |
| excitatory amino acid neurotransmission in the primary gustatory nucleus of the goldfish carassius auratus. | the vagal lobe in goldfish is a laminated structure in the midmedulla responsible for processing vagal gustatory input from the oropharynx. the anatomical arrangement of the vagal lobe is conducive to an in vitro slice preparation for investigating the physiology and pharmacology of primary gustatory fibers. postsynaptic population responses (n2 and n3) were evoked from sensory layers of the vagal lobe following stimulation of the incoming vagal fibers. application of 100 microm kynurenic acid, ... | 1998 | 10049227 |
| ascending spinal projections to the optic tectum, facial and vagal lobes in the goldfish, carassius auratus. | using biotinylated dextran-amines as tracer, we observed prominent ascending spinal projections to three unreported areas in the gold fish brain viz. the optic tectum (ot), facial (fl) and vagal (vl) lobes. from the lateral spinal lemniscus (lsl), some fiber tracts separated off and extended mediodorsally, fanned out and innervated the fl. the vl was clearly laminated and showed three layers-the inner primary motor neuron and fiber layer (pmnf), outer secondary neuron layer (sn) and middle prima ... | 1999 | 9889369 |
| concurrent invaders--four exotic species of monogenea now established on exotic freshwater fishes in australia. | four species of exotic monogeneans are reported from five species of exotic freshwater fish in australia: gytrodactylus bullatarudis from poecilia reticulata and xiphophorus helleri in queensland; gyrodactylus macracanthus from misgurnus anguillicaudatus in the australian capital territory; dactylogyrus extensus from cyprinus carpio in the australian capital territory; and dactylogyrus anchoratus from carassius auratus in the australian capital territory. this is the first published record of de ... | 1998 | 9846613 |
| mrna expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormones (gnrhs) and gnrh receptor in goldfish. | in goldfish (carassius auratus), two distinct forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh), namely, salmon gnrh (sgnrh) and chicken gnrh-ii (cgnrh-ii), have been identified in the brain using chromatographic, immunological, and molecular cloning approaches. these two native gnrhs act on specific receptors in the anterior pituitary to stimulate the synthesis and release of gonadotropins and growth hormone in goldfish. to evaluate the potential roles of sgnrh and cgnrh-ii in both neural and repr ... | 1998 | 9843636 |
| identification of three putative gnrh receptor subtypes in vertebrates. | the majority of vertebrates have two or three forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh), which appear to have arisen by successive gene duplication events. this suggests the possibility of concordant gene duplications of the gnrh receptor to produce two or more cognate receptors. since the extracellular loop 3 (ec3) domain of mammalian gnrh receptors plays a role in distinguishing the different forms of gnrh, we have contemplated that the sequence of this domain will differ significantly in ... | 1998 | 9843635 |
| olfactory receptors in aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates. | in species representing different levels of vertebrate evolution, olfactory receptor genes have been identified by molecular cloning techniques. comparing the deduced amino-acid sequences revealed that the olfactory receptor gene family of rana esculenta resembles that of xenopus laevis, indicating that amphibians in general may comprise two classes of olfactory receptors. whereas teleost fish, including the goldfish carassius auratus, possess only class i receptors, the 'living fossil' latimeri ... | 1998 | 9839455 |
| structural and expression analyses of gonadotropin ibeta subunit genes in goldfish (carassius auratus). | gonadotropin (gth) is a pituitary glycoprotein hormone that regulates gonadal development in vertebrates. in teleosts, it is considered that two types of gth, gth i (follicle-stimulating hormone-like gth) and gth ii (luteinizing hormone-like gth), are produced in the pituitary, and their molecules are comprised of common alpha and distinct beta subunits. in this study, we describe the complete structure and 5'-flanking regulatory region of two distinct genes encoding gth ibeta in goldfish, caras ... | 1998 | 9831661 |
| ectoparasitic species of the genus trichodina (ciliophora: peritrichida) parasitising british freshwater fish. | seven species of the genus trichodina ehrenberg, 1838 were identified during a sampling programme of twenty freshwater fish species from approximately sixty sites in scotland, england and wales. species found include: trichodina acuta lom, 1961 from cyprinus carpio l., carassius auratus l., oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), salmo trutta l. and phoxinus phoxinus l.; trichodina domerguei wallengren, 1897 from gasterosteus aculeatus l.; trichodina tenuidens faure-fremiet, 1944 from gasterosteus aculea ... | 1998 | 9805782 |
| spectral sensitivity of cones in the goldfish, carassius auratus. | the spectral sensitivities of retinal cones isolated from goldfish (carassius auratus) retinas were measured in the range 277-737 nm by recording membrane photocurrents with suction pipette electrodes (spe). cones were identified with lambda max (+/- s.d.) at 623 +/- 6.9 nm, 537 +/- 4.7 nm, 447 +/- 7.7 nm, and about 356 nm (three cells). two cells (lambda max 572 and 576 nm) possibly represent genetic polymorphism. a single a2 template fits the alpha-band of p447(2), p537(2), and p623(2). hplc a ... | 1998 | 9797974 |
| isolation of a 65-kda protein from white muscle of warm temperature-acclimated goldfish (carassius auratus). | a 65-kda protein expressed in association with warm temperature acclimation of goldfish (carassius auratus) was purified from epaxial muscle by successive ion-exchange, gel filtration, and reversed-phase columns while monitoring immuno-reaction with a specific antibody. a total of 517 micrograms of the 65-kda protein was obtained from 23.4 g of the muscle of 30 degrees c-acclimated fish. the purified 65-kda protein gave one band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-p ... | 1998 | 9787800 |
| the fate of organic xenobiotics in aquatic ecosystems: quantitative and qualitative differences in biotransformation by invertebrates and fish. | biotransformation of natural and man-made foreign compounds (xenobiotics) proceeds via introduction of a functional group (phase i metabolism) and subsequent attachment of a polar moiety to the group (phase ii metabolism). the biotransformation fate of xenobiotics depends on the activities, complement and inducibility of the biotransformation enzymes. previous analysis of the dependence of in vivo rates of biotransformation on tissue parent compound concentration for marine invertebrates reveale ... | 1998 | 9773498 |
| pacap (pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide)-like immunoreactivity in the gill arch of the goldfish, carassius auratus: distribution and comparison with vip. | pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (pacap) is a novel vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip)-like peptide isolated from ovine hypothalamus. it is present in neuronal elements of a number of peripheral organs. we have examined whether pacap occurs in the gill arch of carassius auratus l. in which our recent studies have shown the presence of vip-like peptide. immunohistochemistry has revealed pacap-like immunoreactivity in the anterior branches of the post-trematic glossopharyngeal and v ... | 1998 | 9716747 |
| desensitization of ampa receptors on horizontal cells isolated from crucian carp retina. | in horizontal cells freshly dissociated from crucian carp (carassius auratus) retina, we recorded the whole-cell responses to rapid application of glutamate, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (ampa) and kainate. currents induced by glutamate and ampa, but not by kainate, usually showed extremely rapid desensitization. 1-(4-aminophenyl)-3-methylcarbamyl- 4-methyl-7,8-methylenedioxy-3,4-dihydro-5h-2,3-benzodiazepine (gyki 53655), a selective ampa receptor antagonist, was fou ... | 1998 | 9700718 |
| occurrence and significance of atypical aeromonas salmonicida in non-salmonid and salmonid fish species: a review. | bacterial strains of aeromonas salmonicida included in the recognized subsp. acromogenes, subsp. masoucida, and subsp. smithia in addition to the large number of strains not included in any of the described subspecies are referred to as atypical a. salmonicida. the atypical strains form a very heterogeneous group with respect to biochemical characteristics, growth conditions, and production of extracellular proteasess. consequently, the present taxonomy of the species a. salmonicida is rather am ... | 1998 | 9696626 |
| influence of dioxin and metal-contaminated sediment on phase i and ii biotransformation enzymes in silver crucian carp. | several biochemical responses were measured in silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) after exposure to sediments obtained from contaminated ya-er lake, no. 1 pond, and an unpolluted reference site, honglian lake. after 1 week of exposure, a significant induction of the phase i biotransformation enzyme (ethoxylresorufin-o-deethylase, erod) was found (83-fold of control), whereas the phase ii biotransformation enzyme (glutathione s-transferase, gst) exhibited a slight, but significant in ... | 1998 | 9679686 |
| auditory stream segregation in goldfish (carassius auratus). | goldfish were classically conditioned to a mixture of two pulse trains differing in both repetition rate and the spectral profile of the pulses. animals were then tested for generalization to single pulse trains having one or the other spectral profile presented at a variety of repetition rates. generalization functions of repetition rate were qualitatively similar to those obtained following conditioning to either of the pulse trains alone. thus, the spectral profile of each pulse type was appr ... | 1998 | 9667432 |
| perception of two-tone complexes by the goldfish (carassius auratus). | previous experiments on the sense of hearing in goldfish have used a stimulus generalization paradigm to investigate the perceptual dimensions evoked by spectrally and temporally complex sounds. the present experiments investigated the effects on perception of the frequency separation between two tones. in the first set of experiments, six groups of goldfish were classically conditioned to a single tone and then tested for generalization to two-tone complexes having one frequency component equal ... | 1998 | 9667427 |
| dorsal specification in blastoderm at the blastula stage in the goldfish, carassius auratus. | the teleost dorsoventral axis cannot be morphologically distinguished before gastrulation. previous studies by the current authors have shown that localized dorsalizing activity in the yolk cell (yc) induces the dorsal tissues in the overlying blastoderm. in order to examine whether or not dorsal blastomeres are committed to their dorsal fate before the gastrula stage, a variety of transplant operations were performed in goldfish blastoderms at the mid- to late-blastula stages. when the blastode ... | 1998 | 9639354 |
| partitioning the effects of temperature and kinematic viscosity on the c-start performance of adult fishes | temperature has been shown to have a significant effect on swimming performance in teleost fish. this thermal dependence has usually been attributed to correlated changes in muscle contractile physiology. however, the physical properties of all materials, including both water and living tissues, are profoundly affected by changes in temperature. in particular, both the kinematic viscosity of water and the flexible body dynamics of the fish (independent of muscle contractile activity) are substan ... | 1998 | 9622576 |
| physiological properties of the mauthner system in the adult zebrafish. | we investigated the morphological and electrophysiological properties of the mauthner (m-) cell and its networks in the adult zebrafish (danio rerio) in comparison with those in the goldfish (carassius auratus). the zebrafish m-cell has an axon cap, a high resistivity structure which surrounds the initial segment of the m-axon, and accounts for an unusual amplification of the fields generated within and around it. second, extra- and intracellular recordings were performed with microelectrodes. t ... | 1998 | 9619502 |
| goldfish, carassius auratus, a novel animal model for the study of mycobacterium marinum pathogenesis. | we have developed an animal model for studying mycobacterial pathogenesis using mycobacterium marinum and the goldfish, carassius auratus. goldfish are injected intraperitoneally with doses between 10(2) and 10(9) cfu of m. marinum organisms. depending on the dose of m. marinum organisms administered, an acute or chronic disease is produced. the acute disease is characterized by systemic mycobacterial infection, severe peritonitis, tissue necrosis, and a short median survival time. the chronic d ... | 1998 | 9596770 |
| transformation of peripheral inputs by the first-order lateral line brainstem nucleus. | extracellular recording techniques were used to record the responses of medial nucleus cells and posterior lateral line nerve fibers in mottled sculpin, cottus bairdi, and goldfish, carassius auratus, to a 50-hz dipole source (vibrating sphere). responses were characterized in terms of (1) receptive fields that relate responsiveness (spike rate and phase-locking) to the location of the source along the length of the fish, (2) input-output functions that relate responsiveness to vibration amplitu ... | 1998 | 9579053 |
| some forebrain connections of the gustatory system in the goldfish carassius auratus visualized by separate dii application to the hypothalamic inferior lobe and the torus lateralis. | the neuroanatomical connections of the diencephalic torus lateralis and inferior lobe of the goldfish (carassius auratus) were studied by retrograde and anterograde labeling with the carbocyanine dye dii. both structures have afferents originating in the central zone of the dorsal telencephalic area as well as in the supracommissural nucleus of the ventral telencephalic area, and in the secondary gustatory, tertiary gustatory, and posterior thalamic nuclei. both structures investigated have effe ... | 1998 | 9552123 |