Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| skin changes in filarial and non-filarial lymphoedema of the lower extremities. | the pathogenesis of lymphoedema in patients infected with wuchereria bancrofti or brugia malayi remains unclear. lymph stasis and local immunological reactions seem to play the main role. in order to discriminate between the obstructive and immunological effects of the parasite, a comparative histological study of skin specimens obtained from two groups of patients, one with filarial and the other with postsurgical lymphedema of lower extremities, was performed. in both groups patients suffered ... | 1993 | 8516632 |
| primary structure of and immunoglobulin e response to the repeat subunit of gp15/400 from human lymphatic filarial parasites. | we have isolated and sequenced clones encoding the repeated subunit of the surface-associated glycoprotein gp15/400 from the two nematode species predominantly responsible for lymphatic filariasis in humans: brugia malayi and wuchereria bancrofti. the amino acid sequence of the 15-kda subunit, derived from the nucleotide sequence of the gene fragment from b. malayi, is identical to that previously reported for b. pahangi, whereas the derived w. bancrofti protein sequence differs in only 7 of 132 ... | 1993 | 8514385 |
| analysis of human sera for filarial igm antibody using antigen fractions isolated from immune complexes. | filarial igm antibody response to various antigenic fractions isolated from immune complexes by sds-page viz., ic-2, ic-4, ic-7, and ic-9, was studied by elisa. the igm antibody response to almost all antigenic fractions was seen more in microfilaraemic group compared to the clinical filariasis group. the antibody response to ic-9 antigen fraction as compared to other fractions was found significantly higher in microfilaraemic patients than in patients with clinical manifestations. ninety percen ... | 1993 | 8505701 |
| diagnostic use of filarial antibody and antigen isolated from hydrocele fluid for human filariasis. | paired samples of serum and hydrocele fluid of filarial patients associated with hydrocele were analysed for filarial antibody and antigen. sera samples showed higher titers of filarial antibody and antigen compared to their corresponding hydrocele fluid samples. hfigg isolated from hydrocele fluid was equally useful as fsigg isolated from serum and detected filarial antigen in 23 out of 26 microfilaraemic sera, 7 out of 10 chronic sera and 3 out of 18 endemic normal sera by inhibition elisa. fi ... | 1993 | 8500810 |
| wuchereria bancrofti: freeze-fracture study of the epicuticle of microfilariae. | the freeze-fracture technique was used to analyze the surface of microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti. the examination of thin sections showed that the epicuticle is formed by two closely apposed membrane-like structures, appearing as hepta-laminated structures. freeze-fracture replicas revealed the presence of two fracture faces. the outer one is smooth but presents rosette-like structures. the inner face, which is in contact with the hypodermal cells, presents a large number of particles. | 1993 | 8500588 |
| microfilariae in bronchial brushing cytology of symptomatic pulmonary lesions. a report of two cases. | two cases of pulmonary filariasis with atypical clinical and radiologic features without significant eosinophilia are presented. a diagnosis of pulmonary filariasis could not have been made without bronchial brush cytology, which showed sheathed microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti. both cases responded well to antifilarial treatment, indicating that the microfilariae were not an incidental finding but were responsible for the symptoms and radiologic lesions. | 1993 | 8498141 |
| heterogeneity in filarial-specific immune responsiveness among patients with lymphatic obstruction. | the relationship between chronic obstructive disease and antifilarial immune responsiveness was studied in the haitian community of leogane, where wuchereria bancrofti is endemic. differences in sex ratios and in the prevalence of microfilaremia were observed between patients with hydrocele and those with lymphedema or elephantiasis of the lower limb. only 2 of 84 patients with limb involvement (74 women, 10 men) were microfilaremic compared with 25 of 42 men with hydrocele. microfilaria-positiv ... | 1993 | 8486952 |
| hydrocele in filarial and non filarial patients. histopathological, histochemical and ultrastructural studies. | twenty biopsied material of the testicular tissue were obtained from patients with unilateral hydrocele (eight due to lymphatic filariasis and twelve of idiopathic causes). twenty biopsies lymphatic were also obtained from the normal unaffected testes and were used as control. the data obtained from histopathological, histochemical and ultrastructural studies revealed alternation in the testicular tissue with hydrocele than in the normal control testis. in the filarial hydrocele 37.5% of the cas ... | 1993 | 8482882 |
| antifilarial igm versus igg antibody determination in the diagnosis of wuchereria bancrofti infection in egyptians. | circulating antifilarial igm and igg antibodies were assessed by indirect elisa in 184 serum specimens from 80 patients with clinically and parasitologically diagnosed filarial infections (20 with acute filariasis 40 with chronic filariasis & 20 asymptomatic microfilaraemic subjects), 64 individuals with other parasitic infections, 20 parasitologically-free subjects from filariasis endemic areas and 20 normal healthy controls. a soluble surface membrane extract from dirofilaria immitis worms was ... | 1993 | 8482876 |
| isolation and concentration of microfilariae from peripheral blood of wuchereria bancrofti infected patients by density gradient centrifugation. | a ficoll-hypaque gradient centrifugation technique was used for isolation and concentration of microfilariae from peripheral blood of 30 subjects with clinically and parasitologically diagnosed wuchereria bancrofti infections. 86% of the microfilariae were found in the ficoll-hypaque layer. none were detected in the plasma, leucocyte layer or lower erythrocyte layer. 14% of microfilariae were identified on the top part of the erythrocyte layer. a 35 fold concentration and 88% quantitative recove ... | 1993 | 8482873 |
| treatment of subperiodic brugia malayi infection with a single dose of ivermectin. | a clinical trial on the efficacy of a single oral dose of ivermectin at 20, 50, 100, and 200 micrograms/kg was carried out in 40 subjects with subperiodic brugia malayi microfilaremia. there was no significant difference in the clearance of microfilaremia in the four treatment groups, and the lowest geometric mean microfilarial count (gmc) achieved in the 40 subjects was 8.8/ml or 8.3% of the initial count (106.1/ml), at two weeks post-treatment. the gmc started to increase at one month post-tre ... | 1993 | 8480868 |
| immunocytochemical localization of surface and intracellular antigens recognized by human sera in microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti. | sera from patients with various clinical pictures of lymphatic filariasis, including tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (tpe), were used for the localization of surface and intracellular antigens in microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti embedded in lowicryl k4m. very few or no antigenic sites were located on the outer face of the sheath. the most inner layer, as well as the space between the cuticle and the sheath, was intensely labeled. sera from tpe patients intensely labeled the cuticle and the ... | 1993 | 8462071 |
| conservation of primary sequence of gp29, the major soluble cuticular glycoprotein, in three species of lymphatic filariae. | 1993 | 8459826 | |
| microfilaria prevalence of diurnally subperiodic wuchereria bancrofti among people having a medical checkup in american samoa in the past 17 years. | the yearly change of microfilaria (mf) prevalence rates from 1974 to 1990 was studied in american samoa with people who had medical checkups. the mf rates were found to have been kept at a low level (0.8-2.6%) in the past 17 years. the continued low prevalence reduced clinical filariasis significantly in the past 8 years. the low level of endemicity, despite very close communication with neighbouring western samoa where filariasis is much more prevalent, could be explained by the urbanized livin ... | 1993 | 8459485 |
| microfilaria in a fine needle aspirate from a breast lump: a case report. | 1993 | 8453019 | |
| cytochemical localization of carbohydrate residues in microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi. | we investigated the localization of carbohydrate residues on the surface structures of microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi, using a panel of 10 different gold-labeled lectins and chitinase. the sheath, a structure that encloses the microfilariae, is not a homogeneous structure, presenting two clearly distinct layers. the outer layer is more electron dense and was not labeled with the lectins. the inner layer is less dense and was intensely labeled with lectins, especially tho ... | 1993 | 8450196 |
| comparative efficacy of clearing-dose and single high-dose ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine against wuchereria bancrofti microfilaremia. | to compare the efficacy and tolerability of various combinations of low- and high-dose ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine (dec), 59 persons with wuchereria bancrofti microfilaremia were enrolled in a double-blinded six-arm clinical trial in leogane, haiti. on day 1, study participants were treated with low clearing doses of ivermectin, dec, or placebo; on day 5 they received 200-400 micrograms/kg of ivermectin or 6 mg/kg of dec. adverse reactions, which were generally mild, occurred more frequent ... | 1993 | 8447520 |
| bancroftian filariasis in an isolated hunter-gatherer shifting horticulturist group in papua new guinea. | a survey for wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemia using membrane filtration was carried out among the hagahai, a recently contacted papua new guinea group of hunter-gatherer shifting horticulturists. adult men had a significantly higher microfilaraemia rate than women. children aged > 15 years had significantly fewer infections than adults and the microfilaraemia densities were considerably lower. two subjects exhibited matutinal microfilarial periodicity, peaking at approximately 06 h 00. the p ... | 1993 | 8440038 |
| the resurgence of lymphatic filariasis in the nile delta. | a study of 325,000 residents of 314 villages in six governorates of the nile delta area of egypt revealed that the prevalence of lymphatic filariasis increased from < 1% in 1965 to > 20% in 1991, especially in the governorates of qalyubiya, monufiya, dakhaliya, and giza. the distribution of the communites with endemic filariasis is focal. clusters of villages with high prevalences are surrounded by others in which the disease is absent, although their environmental, social, and agricultural feat ... | 1993 | 8440037 |
| transplacental transmission of wuchereria bancrofti in haitian women. | to document the occurrence of transplacental transmission of microfilariae and to determine how frequently it occurred, umbilical cord blood samples and placental tissues were collected from 22 microfilaria-positive women in an area with endemic wuchereria bancrofti. microfilaria (mf) counts in the women ranged from 1 to 3,820 mf/ml. microfilariae were detected in 2 placenta samples and a single cord blood sample. the positive cord blood sample and 1 of the positive placenta samples came from th ... | 1993 | 8437059 |
| obstructive lymphatic filariasis. | 1993 | 8435614 | |
| quinone analogues: a drug of choice for the control of filariasis. | human filariasis is caused by wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi and b. timori. of the several recommended model filarial parasites by who, setaria digitata a bovine one has characteristics such as cyanide insensitivity, lack of detectable cytochromes, presence of two quinones q8 and q6. of the two quinones q8 seems to have a predominant role in energy production. in vitro inhibitory studies using quinone analogues, coenzyme q0 and menadione have shown that these compounds paralyse the worms in ... | 1993 | 8422245 |
| bancroftian filariasis in the kassena nankana district of the upper east region of ghana: a preliminary study. | a filariasis prevalence survey was conducted in april 1992 in the southern sector of the kassena nankana district which was the site of the ghana vitamin a supplementation morbidity trial. in all, 106 compounds from five different communities were randomly selected from the vitamin a trial database. all resident compound members of 10 years and above were clinically examined and blood was taken for thick films between 2100 and 0200 hours. haemoglobin levels were also measured. all the blood slid ... | 1993 | 8411308 |
| clinical filarial disease in two ethnic endemic communities of orissa, india. | to evaluate the possible role of ethnicity in susceptibility to filarial infection, a comparative study of the prevalence of filarial infection was initiated in an endemic village inhabited by two ethnic populations of mainlanders and tribals. an age and sex matched sampled population of 591 mainlanders and 106 tribals was studied by detailed clinical and parasitological (60 mm3 blood) examinations. sera collected from both population groups (26 each) matched for clinical stage of infection were ... | 1993 | 8411307 |
| prevalence of filariasis in rural areas of shahjahanpur district (uttar pradesh). | night blood survey was carried out during may, 1990 to december, 1991 in 18 villages of 5 primary health centres of district shahjahanpur (up), to find out the prevalence of filariasis in the area. out of 2141 individuals surveyed randomly, 217 were found positive for microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti. the microfilaria rate, filarial disease rate and filarial endemicity rates were 10.1, 11.4 and 18.8 per cent respectively. an entomological survey revealed culex quinquefasciatus as the vector ... | 1993 | 8406632 |
| [efficacy of ivermectin for control of microfilaremia recurring after treatment with diethylcarbamazine: immunological observation]. | we compared the effect of a single dose of ivermectin (100 micrograms/kg) with that of a standard course of diethylcarbamazine (dec) (6 mg/kg) on several parameters of the host's antifilarial immune response in 60 patients with bancroftian filariasis enrolled in a double-blind drug trial. all participants had measurable serum levels of antifilarial antibodies and parasite antigens. drug-induced clearance of microfilaremia was associated with a temporary increase in hc11 antigenemia and a decreas ... | 1993 | 8403274 |
| periodicity of wuchereria bancrofti var. pacifica filariasis in french polynesia. | in 1992, a study on microfilaremia periodicity was carried out on 12 wuchereria bancrofti carriers in the marquesas islands. blood samples were collected simultaneously every 4 hours during a 48 hour period by finger-prick and venipuncture for determination of microfilaremia by both blood film and membrane filtration technique methods, and for determination of antigenemia. the membrane filtration results showed no significant nycthemeral variations between the microfilaria densities at hours 16: ... | 1993 | 8367671 |
| safety trial of single-dose treatments with a combination of ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine in bancroftian filariasis. | a supervised safety trial of the treatment with a combination of ivermectin 400 micrograms.kg-1 (iver 400) plus increasing doses of diethylcarbamazine (dec), given simultaneously in single dose, was performed on five groups of polynesian wuchereria bancrofti carriers, 49 males aged 25 to 73 years, in whom microfilaremia ranged from 1 to 6,137 mf/ml. the trial was hospital-based, open, dose-escalating (1 group per week). safety of an unchanging dose of iver 400 and ascending doses of dec were stu ... | 1993 | 8367670 |
| wuchereria bancrofti: identification of parasitic acetylcholinesterase in microfilariae infected human serum. | an antigen with cholinesterase activity was detected in the sera of patients infected with wuchereria bancrofti. the asymptomatic microfilaremic sera showed 3 to 4 times more cholinesterase activity for acetylthiocholine (atch) as compared to sera of symptomatic amicrofilaremic, hookworm infected and endemic normals, whereas the activities for butyrylthiocholine (btch) did not significantly differ. the enzyme activities from both sources, namely from sera of microfilaremic cases and from endemic ... | 1993 | 8367669 |
| microfilaria in a thyroid aspirate smear: an unusual finding. | 1993 | 8362596 | |
| microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti in a lymph node aspirate. a case report. | microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti were detected by fine needle aspiration biopsy (fnab) in an axillary lymph node from a 27-year-old female. the patient also had intestinal tuberculosis. a routine hemogram did not show any eosinophilia, and three consecutive night blood samples also were negative for microfilariae. this was an early case of filariasis without microfilaremia and was detected by fnab of the lymph node. the association of filariasis and tuberculosis was purely coincidental. | 1993 | 8362592 |
| ivermectin in the treatment of bancroftian filarial infection in orissa, india. | ivermectin treatment was evaluated for its efficacy and side reactions in sixty patients of orissa with bancroftian filarial infection and microfilaremia. ivermectin was administered as a single oral dose at four dosage levels (20, 50, 100 and 200 micrograms/kg), and both microfilarial clearance and associated side reactions were monitored in a double blind fashion. blood microfilariae were cleared in all patients at all dosages within 1 to 14 days. in most patients microfilariae reappeared by t ... | 1993 | 8362313 |
| serum igg reactivity with 41-, 31-, and 28-kda larval proteins of strongyloides stercoralis in individuals with strongyloidiasis. | proteins from a deoxycholate-soluble extract of strongyloides stercoralis infective larvae were separated by sds-page, blotted onto nitrocellulose paper, and reacted with sera from individuals with confirmed s. stercoralis infections (n = 100), suspected s. stercoralis infections in whom no larvae could be detected (n = 27), and other nematode infections (40 with wuchereria bancrofti, 20 with onchocerca volvulus, 20 with necator americanus, and 20 with mixed ascaris lumbricoides and trichuris tr ... | 1993 | 8354924 |
| a study of placentas from wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemic and amicrofilaraemic mothers. | the prevalence of transplacental transfer of microfilariae and structural lesions in the placentas of amicrofilaraemic (n = 10) and wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemic (n = 10) pregnant women from the prenatal care unit of the hospital das clinicas, recife, brazil, was investigated. study participants were selected by filtration (3 microns/13 mm) of nocturnal (2300-0100 h) venous blood. a detailed histopathological examination was performed to detect abnormalities in the placenta, the cord and ... | 1993 | 8345547 |
| [ocular filariasis with retinal detachment]. | 56-years-old patient, which worked 12 years ago in congo, has acused during the last 10 years repeated fever states, and recidived cutaneous nodules at inferior members with papulosquamous reaction. since 1992 he has had right serofibrinous pleurisy and pain, intense pruritus and lacrimation at the ocular level, together the diminish of the vision; the ophthalmoscopy revealed retinal detachment at both eyes. the blood examination shows eosinophilia and the examination in thick drop shows loa loa ... | 1993 | 8338821 |
| humoral immune response during filarial fever in bancroftian filariasis. | humoral immune responses against filarial parasitic infection were studied in 62 cases of acute filarial disease presenting with filarial fever with adenolymphangitis, in a community where bancroftian filariasis was endemic, during and about one month before and after the febrile episode. their total leucocyte and differential peripheral blood cell counts and anti-streptolysin o titre were determined and compared. polymorphonuclear cellular responses and anti-streptolysin o titre did not show an ... | 1993 | 8337737 |
| the sheath of the microfilaria of wuchereria bancrofti has albumin and immunoglobulin on its surface. | using direct fluorescent antibody analysis it was shown that the sheath of live microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti has human albumin and the immunoglobulin g subclasses igg1 and igg4 on its surface. | 1993 | 8332385 |
| a rational approach to the control of filariasis in india. | 1993 | 8329989 | |
| coexistent metastatic adenocarcinoma and microfilaria in ascitic fluid. | 1993 | 8328258 | |
| mosquito age as a factor influencing the transmission of wuchereria bancrofti. | two mosquito species; culex pipiens and aedes caspius of different ages were experimentally infected with moderate microfilarial densities of wuchereria bancrofti and examined for their vector potential to transmit this parasite. tested age groups of cx. pipiens supported the development of the infective stage of the parasite (l3) but those of ae. caspius arrested its development especially aged mosquitoes. for cx. pipiens, infection rates and the mean number of microfilaria (mf) were found decr ... | 1993 | 8308347 |
| community diagnosis of bancroftian filariasis. | the objective of this study was to find the best tests for efficiently estimating the true prevalence of bancroftian filariasis in endemic areas. the study population comprised 427 people over 10 years of age in an endemic village in egypt. four tests were evaluated; a standardized clinical examination, night blood examinations for microfilariae (50 microl thick films and 1 ml membrane filtration), and a test for circulating filarial antigen. 191 subjects (44.75%) had at least one positive test ... | 1993 | 8296366 |
| microfilariae in a fine needle aspirate from a skin nodule. | 1994 | 8291349 | |
| bancroftian filarial pleural effusion. | this paper describes a case of filarial pleural effusion, the fifth such to be reported. microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti were detected in the pleural fluid on cytological examination. there was a prompt and complete response to treatment with diethylcarbamazine. there were, however, no symptoms and signs of tropical pulmonary eosinophilia nor any peripheral eosinophilia. | 1993 | 8290434 |
| comparison of single-dose diethylcarbamazine and ivermectin for treatment of bancroftian filariasis in papua new guinea. | this double-blind study compared the clinical safety and parasitologic efficacy of single-dose regimens of diethylcarbamazine (dec) and ivermectin for treatment of bancroftian filariasis in papua new guinea. five groups of 10 men each with mean levels of parasitemia ranging from 2,985 to 5,185 microfilariae (mf)/ml were given dec (6 mg/kg of body weight one time or 1 mg/kg, then 6 mg/kg four days later) or ivermectin (220 micrograms/kg; 20 micrograms/kg, then 200 micrograms/kg four days later or ... | 1993 | 8279647 |
| spatial and temporal variations in prevalence, intensity and aggregation of microfilaria in the human host. | the prevalence, intensity and the frequency distribution of microfilaria (mf) of wuchereria bancrofti in the human blood and their variation in time (pre-vector control, control and post control periods) and space have been examined. the prevalence and intensity showed significant variation between time and different areas of urban pondicherry. the significant reduction in the prevalence and intensity of microfilaremia in the areas of high endemicity indicated that the effect of vector control w ... | 1993 | 8266237 |
| avidin-biotin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ab-elisa) for the detection of bancroftian filariasis. | 1993 | 8257242 | |
| correlation between the preferred biting site of culex quinquefasciatus and the region of the body affected by clinical filariasis. | entomological and filariasis surveys were conducted simultaneously in a rural and an urban environment in west bengal from september 1986 to august 1987. the aim of the surveys was to see if any correlation existed between the preferred biting site of culex quinquefasciatus, the filarial vector, and the region of the body affected by clinical filariasis. significantly more mosquitoes (> 55%) attacked the thighs, legs and feet of human volunteers than other sites on their bodies, whether the volu ... | 1993 | 8250630 |
| microfilariae recurrence in polynesian wuchereria bancrofti carriers treated with repeated single doses of 100 micrograms/kg of ivermectin. | forty-six polynesian carriers of wuchereria bancrofti were treated with 3 successive single doses of ivermectin, 100 micrograms/kg, given every 6 months. immediate microfilaricidal activity of ivermectin was excellent in all carriers, since residual mean microfilaraemia levels, 2 d after each of the 3 treatments, were less than 1% of pretreatment levels. before initial treatment, geometric mean microfilaraemia was 500 microfilaria (mf)/ml for the whole group (range 21-6398 mf/ml); 6 months after ... | 1993 | 8249089 |
| filariasis and blood groups. | using modern statistical techniques, we investigated the controversial relationship between lymphatic filariasis and blood groups in a very large number of patients. | 1993 | 8241933 |
| estimation of permissible levels of transmission of bancroftian filariasis based on some entomological and parasitological results of a 5-year vector control programme. | the impact of a 5-year vector control programme on transmission of bancroftian filariasis and microfilaraemia levels in the human population was examined in pondicherry, south india. the programme reduced and maintained the transmission of wuchereria bancrofti at appreciably low levels in many localities of pondicherry town, but its impact on overall microfilaraemia prevalence was only limited. however, prevalence of infection was reduced drastically in children born after establishment of the p ... | 1994 | 8203298 |
| arthritis in children: an occult manifestation of bancroftian filariasis. | a form of unexplained arthritis, not attributable to known causes, seen in children (0-14 yrs) in this endemic zone of bancroftian filariasis was investigated for its association with filariasis. nineteen cases of undiagnosed arthritis were screened for filarial igg antibodies to wuchereria by stick enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). all had large joint involvement, the commonest joint affected being the knee joint. involvement was monoarticular in 10 and binarticular in 9. joint pain wa ... | 1993 | 8200705 |
| bancroftian microfilariae in ascitic fluid. | 1994 | 8191849 | |
| identification and characterisation of a novel repetitive antigen from onchocerca spp. | a novel repetitive antigen from the cattle parasite onchocerca gibsoni was shown to be recognised by sera from humans infected with onchocerca volvulus, wuchereria bancroftii or brugia malayi. the o. gibsoni protein was produced in a recombinant form, and antibodies raised to this protein used to screen cdna libraries for o. volvulus. a series of clones were isolated which encoded repetitive regions very similar to those in o. gibsoni, but interspersed between these were longer repeating units w ... | 1994 | 8183322 |
| [studies on the susceptibility of anopheles anthropophagus to experimental infection with wuchereria bancrofti]. | this paper reports the susceptibility of anopheles anthropophagus (xu et feng, 1975) to experimental infection with wuchereria bancrofti (cobbold, 1877), comparing with that of an. sinensis wiedemann, 1828, culex pipiens quinque fasciatus say, 1823, and aedes togoi (theobald, 1907). of 188 an. anthropophagus, 202 an. sinensis, 280 cx. pipiens quinque fasciatus and 129 ae. togoi infected by the blood of a bancroftian microfilaremia with mff density of 190 mff/20cmm, the infective rates were 35.64 ... | 1993 | 8174212 |
| interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor in the pathogenesis of adverse reactions after treatment of lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis. | adverse reactions following treatment of onchocerciasis and bancroftian filariasis are common and frequently severe. they are generally caused not by direct drug toxicity but by host inflammatory responses to dying microfilariae. to define the responsible mechanism, serial blood levels of interleukin-6 (il-6) and tumor necrosis factor (tnf) were studied in 15 microfilaria-positive patients (10 with bancroftian filariasis, 5 with onchocerciasis) and 4 microfilaria-negative persons after diethylca ... | 1994 | 8169393 |
| cloning and characterization of a potentially protective chitinase-like recombinant antigen from wuchereria bancrofti. | while there is no direct evidence demonstrating the existence of protective immunity to wuchereria bancrofti infection in humans, the presence of individuals, in populations in areas where infection is endemic, with no clinical evidence of past or current infection despite appreciable exposure to the infective larvae, suggests that protective immunity to filarial parasites may occur naturally. earlier work indicated that such putatively immune individuals generated antibodies to a 43-kda antigen ... | 1994 | 8168956 |
| the use of ivermectin for scabies. | ivermectin, a modified avermectin, is widely known to be an ectoparasiticidal agent in animals but its effect on human ectoparasites is not known. | 1994 | 8156025 |
| qbc: rapid filaria diagnoses from blood--mansonella ozzardi and wuchereria bancrofti. | 1994 | 8154007 | |
| efficient assessment of filariasis endemicity by screening for filarial antigenaemia in a sentinel population. | we have previously reported that a monoclonal antibody-based antigen detection assay (ad12) is sensitive and specific for bancroftian filariasis in egypt. the purpose of the present study was to demonstrate the use of this assay in a sentinel population as a means of efficiently screening for filariasis endemicity. antigen testing was performed with finger-prick blood collected during the day from 743 schoolchildren (ages 11-16 years). the school draws students from 5 villages in qalubia governo ... | 1994 | 8153997 |
| ivermectin 400 micrograms/kg: long-term suppression of microfilariae in bancroftian filariasis. | forty-three wuchereria bancrofti carriers were given 4 successive semi-annual single doses of ivermectin 100 micrograms/kg (iver 100). the geometric mean microfilaremia (mf) recurrence percentages, compared to the pre-initial treatment mf level, were 35%, 21%, 17% and 17% at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months respectively. however, the recurrence of mf 6 months after the fourth treatment remained high in 15 individuals, considered as 'bad responders'. at month 24, the subjects were randomly allocated into ... | 1994 | 8153984 |
| ivermectin treatment of bancroftian filariasis in recife, brazil. | to determine the effectiveness of single oral dosages of ivermectin ranging between 20 and 200 micrograms/kg and to make detailed observations of both the kinetics of parasite killing and the adverse reactions induced by treatment, the present double-blind study on ivermectin treatment of lymphatic filariasis caused by wuchereria bancrofti was undertaken with 43 microfilaremic patients in recife, brazil. follow-up at one year indicated equivalent efficacy for the 20-, 100-, and 200-micrograms/kg ... | 1994 | 8147492 |
| risk of infection of wuchereria bancrofti to humans by culex quinquefasciatus in pondicherry and its relationship with microfilaria prevalence. | the risk of infection (ri) with wuchereria bancrofti by vector mosquitoes has been conventionally estimated from the biting population of all age classes. this estimate of ri had no correlation with microfilaria (mf) prevalence and intensity of infection in humans. a new method for estimating ri from a resting population of culex quinquefasciatus is proposed based on a longitudinal study in seventeen sites in pondicherry, india. unlike previous estimates, ri calculated by the present method cons ... | 1993 | 8147280 |
| long-term efficacy of single-dose treatment with 400 micrograms.kg-1 of ivermectin in bancroftian filariasis: results at one year. | in april 1992, a safety trial was performed with a single dose of ivermectin 400 micrograms.kg-1 (iver 400). in 37 bancroftian filariasis carriers, 6 and 12 months after iver 400 treatment, the microfilaremia recurrences were 3.2% and 13.5%, respectively. as compared to results from other studies with diethylcarbamazine and iver at different dosages and periodicities, the dosage of iver 400 seems the most effective; but a yearly intake might not be sufficient. | 1993 | 8134778 |
| dig-elisa test in onchocerciasis. serum antibodies and probability of infection. | an immunoenzymatic test (dig-elisa) was serologically evaluated for the serodiagnosis of onchocerciasis. control and infected sera from the onchocerciasis endemic area of mexico was collected and the donors assessed for onchocerciasis according to parasitological, clinical, and epidemiological data. the sera were submitted to the dig-elisa test using a crude extract prepared from o. volvulus adult worms which had been preserved in nodules in 67% glycerol. the test showed a 100% sensitivity with ... | 1993 | 8118159 |
| ivermectin plus diethylcarbamazine: an additive effect on early microfilarial clearance. | the effects of ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine (dec), and the combination of both drugs on levels of microfilaremia (mf) were studied in 30 male polynesian wuchereria bancrofti carriers. microfilarial densities were measured 30 min (h1/2), 1 hr (h1), and 2, 4, 8, 24, and 96 hr (h2, h4, h8, h24, and h96) after supervised single doses of ivermectin plus dec (400 micrograms/kg plus 1 mg/kg, respectively, 400 micrograms/kg plus 3 mg/kg, respectively, and 400 micrograms/kg plus 6 mg/kg, respectively), ... | 1994 | 8116814 |
| the microfilarial periodic pattern of wuchereria bancrofti in kenya. | microfilarial periodic pattern of wuchereria bancrofti in kenya was confirmed by the statistical method proposed by aikat and das (1977). fifteen microfilarial positive individuals were brought to nairobi from malindi, which is one of the filariasis foci on the coastal area of kenya. from each individual a 60-microliter finger prick blood film was made every 2 hours throughout one complete 24-hour cycle. the blood films were dried for at least 48 hours and dehaemoglobinized. the fluid was filter ... | 1994 | 8107176 |
| bancroftian lymphadenopathy: absence of eosinophils in tissues despite peripheral blood hypereosinophilia. | we studied the association of eosinophils with wuchereria bancrofti parasites in two children with biopsy-proven filarial lymphadenopathy and peripheral blood hypereosinophilia. in both cases, intact adult worms were present in lymph nodes but no inflammatory reaction was observed. the most remarkable histological feature in our patients was the absence of eosinophils in tissue sections in spite of persistently high numbers of eosinophils in peripheral blood. in the first case, treatment of inte ... | 1994 | 8107175 |
| studies on the filariasis vector--culex quinquefasciatus at kanchrapara, west bengal (india). | a nine month entomological and parasitological study was conducted between december 1991 and august 1992, at kanchrapara, a town of the district north 24-parganas, west bengal. the town was found to be endemic for bancroftian filariasis. microfilaria rate among the human population was 1.9 per cent (35 of 1200 persons). average man hour density of c. quinquefasciatus was considerably high (31.10) and a higher vector prevalence was seen in summer. the infection and infectivity rates of the natura ... | 1994 | 8088885 |
| the status of human filariasis in north-western zone of bauchi state, nigeria. | in a nine-months epidemiological study to assess the status of human filariasis in north-western zone of bauchi state, nigeria, 3.5% prevalence was recorded in 8 communities. of the 1536 persons examined, 54 were microfilaremic for three blood-dwelling filarial parasites. 22 (1.4%) were positive for mansonella perstans, 10 (0.7%) and 22 (1.4%) had loa loa and wuchereria bancrofti respectively. w. bancrofti showed low microfilaremia in females of reproductive age with high degree of heterogeneity ... | 1994 | 8087153 |
| exposure variables in bancroftian filariasis in the nile delta. | to demonstrate focality of filariasis within endemic rural areas and to define exposure variables which may influence this phenomenon, the population of an agrarian endemic village, of 12,500 individuals, in the nile delta of egypt was censused. a sequential sample of individuals residing in every fifth house was tested for microfilaremia (239 households with 8.6 +/- 3.5 individuals per household (hhd). three areas of the village were tested simultaneously and a questionnaire was filled out for ... | 1994 | 8077763 |
| rates of acquisition and loss of wuchereria bancrofti infection in culex quinquefasciatus. | rates of acquisition and loss of parasitic infection in the vector host of wuchereria bancrofti were estimated using a new method. the age of parasitic infections was estimated from the abdominal condition, determined on the basis of sella's stages of blood digestion and ovary development, and parity of the vector host and larval stages of the parasite. a negative exponential relationship between age and number of w. bancrofti infections provided estimated daily losses of 25.3% and 33.2% of the ... | 1994 | 8074259 |
| [nematode larva migrans. on two cases of filarial infection]. | with rapid air travel, so-called parasitic infections are becoming more important in northern hemisphere and temperate climates. parasitic disease is usually taken to imply infections caused by protozoa and helminths. the most important helminthic infections in man and with world-wide incidence are schistosomiasis, hookworm, and filariasis. we report the clinico-pathological findings of two patients with filarial infection of soft tissue and lymphatic nodes. | 1994 | 8072951 |
| bancroftian filariasis in kwale district of kenya. ii. humoral immune responses to filarial antigens in selected individuals from an endemic community. | humoral immune responses to filarial infection were investigated in 162 individuals, covering the full clinical and parasitological spectrum of bancroftian filariasis as seen in an endemic community of kwale district, kenya. sera were tested for specific antifilarial antibodies (total immunoglobulins, igm, iggl, igg4 and ige) using elisa. most individuals showed an immunological response to the filarial antigen (prepared from adult brugia pahangi). how these responses were related to the clinica ... | 1994 | 8067811 |
| bancroftian filariasis in kwale district of kenya. i. clinical and parasitological survey in an endemic community. | a cross-sectional parasitological and clinical survey for wuchereria bancrofti infection was carried out in an endemic community of south-eastern kenya, to obtain background epidemiological information for detailed serological studies on bancroftian filariasis in the same community. quantitative examination of night blood samples (100 microliters) from 1129 individuals (76% of the population), using the counting chamber technique, revealed circulating microfilariae in 13.7% of the study group. p ... | 1994 | 8067810 |
| a study of the cd4: cd8 ratio in peripheral t lymphocytes of rural papua new guineans: a reduced ratio assessed with regard to infectious agents. | the cd4:cd8 ratio in peripheral t lymphocytes was determined in 123 papua new guineans aged over 5 years from rumginae, a rural area of the western province. 18 people had a ratio less than 1.0. no antibody response to human immunodeficiency virus 1 (hiv 1) was found within the group. hepatitis b surface antigen was more commonly associated with a cd4:cd8 ratio less than 1.0 than were microfilaraemia or a positive mantoux test. hepatitis b infection may be one of the causes of the cd4:cd8 ratio ... | 1993 | 8059546 |
| [study on the transmission threshold of filariasis. collaborating research group on the transmission threshold of filariasis]. | twenty-one villages from ten provinces and one autonomous region with different mf rates in population and different levels of mean mf density per 60 microliters blood in positive cases and representative species of filaria and vector after dec treatment were selected as study sites. in these villages a longitudinal investigation for a period of 3-5 years was carried out without adopting any control measure. the main results were: 1. among 279 residual microfilaremia cases, 235 (84.2%) turned ne ... | 1994 | 8044896 |
| microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti in cytologic smears from oral ulcers. | 1994 | 8042435 | |
| differential proliferative and interleukin-10 responses to fractionated filarial antigens: preferential recognition by patients with chronic lymphatic dysfunction. | to characterize filarial antigens that may be associated with the development of chronic lymphatic dysfunction in persons with lymphatic filariasis, t cell responsiveness to brugia pahangi adult worm extracts and sds-page antigen fractions were examined among haitians from an area in which wuchereria bancrofti is endemic. greater t cell proliferation and interleukin-10 (il-10) production were observed in amicrofilaremic patients with hydrocele or elephantiasis than in amicrofilaremic or microfil ... | 1994 | 8035027 |
| acute polymyositis associated with w. bancrofti. | two cases of acute polymyositis associated with w. bancrofti, presented with generalised painful swelling and weakness of the muscles. these patients had elevated muscle enzymes, a myopathic emg pattern, inflammatory myopathy on biopsy and w. bancrofti in the peripheral blood smear. the clinical, improvement of the disorder and total clearance of microfilariae was obtained with the combination therapy of steroid and diethyl-carbamazine in comparison with steroid alone. | 1994 | 8030406 |
| nucleotide sequence of an onchocerca volvulus cdna clone encoding an antigen homologous with the intermediate filament protein family. | a series of clones were isolated from an o. volvulus lambda gt11 cdna library on the basis of strong recognition by sera from both onchocerca volvulus or wuchereria bancrofti patients. several of these clones encoded a protein which clearly belonged to the intermediate filament (if) class, and had most similarity with a1if-a from ascaris lumbricoides and a number of if proteins from molluscs. western blotting experiments implied that the first coiled domain appears to be markedly less antigenic ... | 1994 | 8026911 |
| live adult worms detected by ultrasonography in human bancroftian filariasis. | ultrasonographic examination of the scrotal area was performed in 14 asymptomatic individuals with bancroftian filariasis and microfilaremia. while in seven subjects (50%) the ultrasonographic findings were normal, lymphatic dilation and tortuosity were observed in the other seven. in these vessels, structures with peculiar aleatory movements (filaria dance sign) were detected. a segment of the lymphatic tract containing these mobile intraluminal structures that was resected surgically from the ... | 1994 | 8024070 |
| evaluation of a recombinant parasite antigen for the diagnosis of lymphatic filariasis. | we evaluated the usefulness of a recombinant parasite antigen (recsxp1) for the serologic diagnosis of lymphatic filariasis. a large proportion of sera from microfilaremic donors living in five different endemic countries (356 of 446 [80%]) contained igg antibodies to recsxp1, as do sera from approximately 33% of amicrofilaremic patients with acute filarial disease and/or indirect evidence of active filarial infection. exposure to filarial worms per se does not appear sufficient to elicit an ant ... | 1994 | 8024066 |
| diethylcarbamazine salt in the control of lymphatic filariasis. | where lymphatic filariasis has diminished since about the 1950s, it has most frequently, though not always, been a direct result of chemotherapeutic intervention against the parasite. diethylcarbamazine (dec), a well-established drug, has been the single agent of chemotherapeutic control and has been successful in a wide variety of regimens. this paper reviews the experience with one strategy: long-term, low-dose treatment through dec-medicated common salt. diethylcarbamazine-medicated salt play ... | 1994 | 8024057 |
| og4c3 circulating antigen: a marker of infection and adult worm burden in wuchereria bancrofti filariasis. | og4c3 circulating filarial antigen was detected in the sera of 94.5% (259/274) of microfilaremic patients, 32% (239/751) of persons with presumption of filariasis, and 23% (11/48) of chronic filariasis patients. the antigen level was correlated with the microfilariae (mf) density and patient age (p < .01). it remained stable in patients treated with microfilaricidal drugs. og4c3 antigen, undetectable in mf culture media, was demonstrated to be a rare somatic mf antigen. it appears to be an excre ... | 1994 | 8014511 |
| response of chyluria and circulating microfilaria to treatment with diethylcarbamazine citrate--a case report. | 1993 | 8014441 | |
| the association between microfilaraemia and disease in lymphatic filariasis. | a standard tenet in the epidemiology of lymphatic filariasis is that patent infection is negatively related to chronic disease. we examine the empirical evidence for this relation by using published data from field studies carried out in a variety of bancroftian filariasis endemic areas. meta-analysis of the individual study results for each disease category of hydrocele in males only, lymphoedema only, and both conditions combined (total chronic disease) indicate, contrary to expectation, no ev ... | 1994 | 8008755 |
| ultrasonographic evidence for stability of adult worm location in bancroftian filariasis. | 1994 | 7992338 | |
| parasitological and clinical aspects of bancroftian filariasis in kassena-nankana district, upper east region, ghana. | a survey of the prevalence of bancroftian filariasis was conducted in august-september 1992 in the northern part of the kassena-nankana district, upper east region, ghana. 200 compounds from 3 different communities were randomly selected from the vitamin a trial database. all resident compound members were examined for clinical manifestations of lymphatic filariasis and capillary blood was obtained between 21:00 and 01:00 and examined using the counting chamber technique. 1603 people were examin ... | 1994 | 7992337 |
| a successful control programme for lymphatic filariasis in hubei, china. | this paper describes the epidemiology and control of human lymphatic filariasis in hubei province, china from the 1950s to the 1990s. brugia malayi, transmitted by anopheles sinensis, and wuchereria bancrofti, transmitted by culex quinquefasciatus, were found in 69 of 78 counties and cities. the distribution of filaria species was distinct, with b. malayi endemic in the plains, mixed infections in hilly areas, and w. bancrofti in the mountains. before 1979, the microfilaria rate (mfr) in some vi ... | 1994 | 7992323 |
| an ultrastructural, cytochemical and freeze-fracture study of the surface structures of brugia malayi microfilariae. | ultrastructural analysis of the cuticle of brugia malayi microfilariae indicated that it is composed of 2 regions: the inner one 15-20 nm thick with a homogeneous aspect and the outer one, designated as epicuticle, which is 15-20 nm thick. three laminae separated by electron-lucent regions were seen in the epicuticle. labeling of the cuticle and epicuticle of b. malayi and wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae was observed when thin sections of lowicryl-embedded parasites were incubated in the pres ... | 1994 | 7982752 |
| expression and analysis of the diagnostic value of an echinococcus granulosus antigen gene clone. | a pool of 9 sera from echinococcus granulosus infected patients (psp) was used to screen an e. granulosus cdna library constructed in the expression vector lambda gt11. ten reactive phage clones were isolated and 8 were confirmed in spot-lysis arrays probed with psp. the insert of 1 of these clones (lambda ageg4) previously characterized as an e. granulosus cytosolic malate dehydrogenase encoding gene was subcloned into the plasmid vector pgex-1 and expressed as a fusion with glutathione s-trans ... | 1994 | 7982748 |
| current status of filariasis in the philippines. | 1993 | 7973953 | |
| advances in immunology and immunopathology of lymphatic filariasis. | the lymphatic filarial parasites which affect about 90 million people worldwide have similar host-parasite relationships in man. they are all able to survive, reproduce and cause chronic infections if they can successfully evade the protective responses of the host. studies to investigate the wide spectrum of clinical manifestations of the infection even among those living in similar endemic areas and with presumed equal exposure to infective larvae, have been hampered by the lack of animal mode ... | 1993 | 7973952 |
| recent advances in the application of molecular biology in filariasis. | monitoring of filarial parasites in the host and vector has traditionally depended on morphological identification. recently, species-specific dna probes have been developed for brugia malayi, brugia pahangi and wuchereria bancrofti. repeated dna sequences are useful in developing dna probes because they evolve more rapidly then coding sequences and their high copy number increases the sensitivity of detection. the hhal repeated dna family represents 12% of the total b. malayi dna. this dna fami ... | 1993 | 7973949 |
| current status of filariasis in thailand. | 1993 | 7973947 | |
| recent advances in epidemiological field techniques in filariasis. | there have been very few advances in epidemiological field techniques for filariasis in recent years. advances in other areas of study of filariasis have been published and a summary of some of those which have some application to field technology will be given. studies on vectors involving host influences on the development of filariae and the use of dna probes for vector speciation were reported as well as the development of techniques that yielded species-specific identification of larvae in ... | 1993 | 7973945 |
| genetic aspects of lymphatic filariasis. | the genetics of human susceptibility to lymphatic filariasis, the genetic basis of filarial susceptibility in vector mosquitos, and the genetic constitution of human filarial parasites and their mosquito vectors are reviewed. it is evident that our present knowledge on the genetics of lymphatic filariasis is still very meagre. the need to study various genetic aspects of the disease is highlighted. | 1993 | 7973944 |
| detection of circulating antigens and parasite specific antibodies in filariasis. | in peninsular malaysia, only wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi are reported to cause human filariasis. brugia pahangi infects many of the same animal hosts as the zoonotically transmitted subperiodic b. malayi. there is a well-recognized need for improved diagnostic techniques for lymphatic filariasis. parasite antigen detection is a promising new approach, and it will probably prove to be more sensitive and specific than clinical, microscopic and antibody-based serological methods. we rece ... | 1993 | 7973943 |
| the use of monoclonal antibodies in the detection of circulating antigens in malayan filariasis. | wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi and brugia timori are the causative agents of lymphatic filariasis in indonesia but in some endemic areas, b malayi is more commonly found. diagnosis of filariasis is normally based on clinical, parasitological and immunological examinations but those methods have limitations. the discovery of monoclonal antibodies is expected to provide a new dimension to the efforts in the development of specific and sensitive immunological tests for the various stages of fi ... | 1993 | 7973941 |
| current status of filariasis in indonesia. | filariasis in indonesia is widely distributed. three species consisting of 5 ecologically different types have been identified infecting man. compared to older data, infection rates are much lower, partly due to environmental change and partly as a result of control programs. various dosage treatments have given good results. the higher dosage treatment gave severe reactions especially in brugian filariasis. pockets of high endemicity can still be found in remote rural areas. therefore a weekly ... | 1993 | 7973940 |