Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| [trypsin inhibitors of wheat seedlings infected and treated with salicylic acid]. | using the method of affinity chromatography for trypsin-sepharose, followed by page electrophoresis the component composition of trypsin inhibitors was studied. the inhibitors were extracted from the winter wheat seedlings which were infected with fusarium fungus and also from the seedlings treated with salicylic acid. under the action of pathogen not only a quantitative increase in the protein components of trypsin inhibitor but also the appearance of a new component with a molecular weight of ... | 1998 | 9848136 |
| biodegradation of chlorpyrifos by either single or combined cultures of some soilborne plant pathogenic fungi. | biodegradation of chlorpyrifos was studied in liquid culture media amended with either single or combined eight different plant pathogenic fungi isolated from the continuous cropping wheat fields. the average recovery of chlorpyrifos from the liquid media was found to be 86.1%. the detection limit of chlorpyrifos by the analytical method used was 19 ppb. data showed that the growth of mixed fungi at concentrations up to 200 ppm of chlorpyrifos was higher than in the control treatment. chlorpyrif ... | 1998 | 9830133 |
| the mystery of the trichothecene 3-o-acetyltransferase gene. analysis of the region around tri101 and characterization of its homologue from fusarium sporotrichioides. | the trichothecene 3-o-acetyltransferase gene, tri101, plays a pivotal role for the well-being of the type b trichothecene producer fusarium graminearum. we have analyzed the cosmids containing tri101 and found that this resistance gene is not in the biosynthetic gene cluster reported so far. it was located between the utp-ammonia ligase gene and the phosphate permease gene which are not related to trichothecene biosynthesis. these two 'house-keeping' genes were also linked in fusarium species th ... | 1998 | 9762900 |
| features of tri101, the trichothecene 3-o-acetyltransferase gene, related to the self-defense mechanism in fusarium graminearum. | a structural gene of tri101, which encodes trichothecene 3-o-acetyltransferase, was isolated as a 3-kb xhoi-xbai fragment from the trichothecene producer fusarium graminearum strain f15. the gene contained no introns, and the coding region was 0.7-kb downstream of a putative utp-ammonia ligase gene which obviously is not related to the biosynthesis of trichothecenes. tri101 was expressed when t-2 toxin was added, but this induction was not dependent on the expression level of tri6, a transcripti ... | 1998 | 9648241 |
| fusarium graminearum a 3/5 as a novel host for heterologous protein production. | we describe a novel fungal expression system which utilizes the quorn myco-protein fungus fusarium graminearum a 3/5. a transformation system was developed for f. graminearum and was used to introduce the coding and regulatory regions of a trypsin gene from fusarium oxysporum. the protein was efficiently expressed, processed and secreted by the recombinant host strain. in addition, the promoter and terminator of the f. oxysporum trypsin gene have been successfully utilized to drive the expressio ... | 1995 | 9636307 |
| distribution of deoxynivalenol in barley kernels infected by fusarium. | deoxynivalenol (don) in concentration range 0.1-156.6 mg/kg, was found in 48 samples of barley kernels collected from heads with visible symptoms of head scab after inoculation in a field with fusarium culmorum and fusarium graminearum. four fractions of the kernels were collected according to their size: > 2.8 mm (i); < or = 2.8-2.5 mm (ii); > 2.5-2.2 mm (iii) and < 2.2 mm (iv). in plants infected with fusarium (when compared to the control) number of kernels in the fraction of the largest kern ... | 1998 | 9631371 |
| toxic effects of deoxynivalenol on ribosomes and tissues of the spring wheat cultivars frontana and casavant. | the toxic effects of the fusarium graminearum trichothecene toxin deoxynivalenol were determined on ribosomes and leaf tissues of the fusarium head blight-resistant spring wheat cultivar frontana and the susceptible spring wheat cultivar casavant. the use of a poly-u-directed 14c-phenylalanine and deoxynivalenol ribosome-binding assays provided evidence of resistance to the protein-synthesis inhibition effects of deoxynivalenol in the head blight-resistant cultivar frontana. this is probably due ... | 1997 | 9615311 |
| metabolism of carbofuran by aspergillus niger and fusarium graminearum. | metabolism of carbofuran in pure liquid cultures of a. niger and f. graminearum was investigated. carbofuran and its metabolites were analyzed by hplc and tlc. the average recoveries of carbofuran, 3-hydroxycarbofuran, 3-ketocarbofuran, and 3-ketocarbofuran phenol from fungi media were found to be 88.65, 86.19, 75.48, and 80.48%, while their detection limits were 0.035, 0.031, 0.015 and 0.140 ppm, respectively. the data showed that a. niger was capable of degrading carbofuran more faster than f. ... | 1998 | 9604338 |
| the characterization of chicken antibodies raised against fusarium spp. by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting. | immunoassays for the detection of three fusarium species have been developed. chickens were immunized with the soluble antigens from within the mycelia (mycelia-soluble antigens) and the exoantigens of fusarium sporotrichioides, fusarium poae and fusarium graminearum and the antigens were characterized using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, immunoblotting and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). the cross-reactivities of antisera with eleven species of fusari ... | 1997 | 9506284 |
| comparative toxicity of allelochemicals and their enzymatic oxidation products to maize fungal pathogens, emphasizing fusarium graminearum. | a series of stable quinones and their precursors, and enzymatic oxidation products of plant allelochemicals were tested for their effect on maize fungal pathogens, primarily fusarium graminearum. benzoquinone was typically significantly more toxic than hydroquinone, while 1,2-naphthoquinone was typically significantly more toxic than 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene. aspergillus flavus was the most resistant fungus to these compounds, while phoma medicaginis was the most susceptible. applying tyrosinase ... | 1997 | 9496376 |
| biocompatibility of potential wound management products: hydrogen peroxide generation by fungal chitin/chitosans and their effects on the proliferation of murine l929 fibroblasts in culture. | agaricus bisporus, fusarium graminearum, phycomyces blakesleeanus, unbleached and bleached, rhizomucor miehei, and rhizopus oryzae were examined as sources of fungal chitin/chitosan. the nitrogen content of the alkalitreated mycelia/sporangiophores obtained after optimization of culture conditions, and of similarly treated a. bisporus stipes, was 2.87, 1.29, 6.27, 6.50, 4.80, and 4.95% w/w, respectively, which relates to an estimated chitin content of 42, 19, 91, 94, 70, and 72%, respectively. t ... | 1998 | 9457561 |
| trichothecene 3-o-acetyltransferase protects both the producing organism and transformed yeast from related mycotoxins. cloning and characterization of tri101. | trichothecene mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol, 4,15-diacetoxyscirpenol, and t-2 toxin, are potent protein synthesis inhibitors for eukaryotic organisms. the 3-o-acetyl derivatives of these toxins were shown to reduce their in vitro activity significantly as assessed by assays using a rabbit reticulocyte translation system. the results suggested that the introduction of an o-acetyl group at the c-3 position in the biosynthetic pathway works as a resistance mechanism for fusarium species that pr ... | 1998 | 9430709 |
| restoration of wild-type virulence to tri5 disruption mutants of gibberella zeae via gene reversion and mutant complementation. | gibberella zeae is a pathogen of small grain crops and produces trichothecene mycotoxins in infected host tissue. the role of trichothecenes in the virulence of g. zeae was previously investigated using trichothecene-non-producing mutants that were generated via transformation-mediated disruption of a gene (tri5) that encodes the first enzyme in the trichothecene biosynthetic pathway. the mutants were less virulent on some hosts than the wild-type strain from which they were derived. here, we us ... | 1997 | 9274012 |
| production of trichothecenes and zearalenone by isolates of fusarium spp. from argentinian maize. | fusarium cultures (27 isolates of fusarium graminearum, 5 of f. sporotrichioides, 5 of f. semitectum, 2 of f. solani, and one isolate of f. equiseti, f. heterosporum and f. oxysporum respectively, from maize ears) were screened to determine their ability to produce different trichothecenes and zearalenone. twenty of 27 f. graminearum isolates produced deoxynivalenol (384-5745 micrograms/kg), 7/27 produced 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (322-1840 micrograms/kg), 3/27 produced neosolaniol (199-898 microg ... | 1997 | 9135723 |
| in-vitro antifungal susceptibility of clinical and environmental fusarium spp. strains. | the mics of amphotericin b, miconazole, ketoconazole, flucytosine, itraconazole and fluconazole for 19 isolates of fusarium oxysporum, 16 fusarium solani, seven fusarium verticilliodes, four fusarium proliferatum, four fusarium dimerum, three fusarium equiseti, and one each of the following species: fusarium graminearum, fusarium chlamydosporum, fusarium semitectum, fusarium avenaceum and fusarium subglutinans were determined by a broth microdilution method. thirty-eight of these isolates were o ... | 1997 | 9069536 |
| occurrence of deoxynivalenol and fusarium graminearum in argentinian wheat. | during the 1993 harvest period there was a high incidence of fusarium head blight in wheat in argentina. fusarium species that produce trichothecenes in wheat have been reported in several countries including argentina. several studies have shown that f. graminerarum and deoxynivalenol (don) were the main contaminants detected in wheat and by-products in argentina. the objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of fusarium spp. and don contamination in wheat from córdoba, argentina d ... | 1997 | 9059578 |
| effects of the infection of toxigenic fungi and an antagonistic streptomyces strain on wheat spikes. | the objective of the present study was to determine the effect on infection of wheat spikes by toxigenic fungi (aspergillus parasiticus nrrl 2999, fusarium tricinctum nrrl 3299, fusarium graminearum ceremic 136/92) and a strain of streptomyces sp. that is antagonistic to the above-mentioned fungi. wheat grains (variety granero inta) were sown in 8 pots containing natural soil and kept in a greenhouse chamber. in the period of the early anthesis the wheat spikes were inoculated with conidial susp ... | 1996 | 9011829 |
| natural contamination of manitoba barley by 3,15-diacetyldeoxynivalenol and its detection by immunochromatography. | contamination of canadian barley samples by 3,15-diacetyldeoxynivalenol was detected by enzyme immunoassays combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. this is the first reported natural occurrence of this mycotoxin. the barley was infected mainly with fusarium graminearum. deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, and zearalenone were also found. | 1996 | 8967776 |
| how do highly branched (colonial) mutants of fusarium graminearum a3/5 arise during quorn myco-protein fermentations? | chlorate-resistant, highly branched (colonial) mutants and auxotrophic mutants were used to study the nuclear distribution, morphology and growth of heterokaryons of the quorn myco-protein fungus, fusarium graminearum a3/5. the results showed that for several complementary homokaryons, even a strong selective pressure was insufficient to maintain heterokaryons in a 'balanced' condition (i.e. exhibiting a wild-type or near wild-type phenotype). furthermore, the margins of heterokaryotic colonies ... | 1996 | 8868427 |
| structural and antifungal properties of a pathogenesis-related protein from wheat kernel. | we have purified and characterized a protein from the water-soluble fraction of wheat kernel (triticum aestivum cv. s. pastore) consisting of a single polypeptide chain blocked at its n-terminus by a pyroglutamate residue; the complete amino acid sequence has been determined by automated sequence analysis performed on peptide fragments obtained by enzymatic hydrolyses of the protein. homology studies have shown that this protein is very similar (97% sequence identity) to the previously character ... | 1996 | 8838588 |
| mycotoxin producing potential of fusarium graminearum isolates from uruguayan barley. | twelve isolates of fusarium graminearum were obtained from barely grains collected from different uruguayan regions (harvest 1993-94). this was the predominant fungal species contaminating the crop due to a particular humid and warm season with cold nights conductive to toxin production the isolates were grown on moist, sterile rice, extracted with aqueous methanol, and examined for mycotoxin production. zearalenone (zea) and the trichothecenes deoxynivalenol (don), 3- and 15-acetyl-don (acdon), ... | 1995 | 8684431 |
| reduced virulence of gibberella zeae caused by disruption of a trichothecene toxin biosynthetic gene. | the production of trichothecene mycotoxins by some plant pathogenic species of fusarium is thought to contribute to their virulence. gibberella zeae (f. graminearum) is an important cereal pathogen that produces the trichothecene deoxynivalenol. to determine if trichothecene production contributes to the virulence of g. zeae, we generated trichothecene-deficient mutants of the fungus by gene disruption. the disrupted gene, tri5, encodes the enzyme trichodiene synthase, which catalyzes the first ... | 1995 | 8589414 |
| phytotoxic effect of deoxynivalenol and gibberella ear rot resistance of corn. | the fusarium graminearum mycotoxin deoxynivalenol was shown to be more phytotoxic to corn genotypes susceptible to gibberella ear rot than resistant genotypes. the toxin caused greater damage to the membranes of the susceptible genotypes, as evidenced by the release of na and k ions into solution. isolated protoplasts of ear rot-resistant genotypes were able to bind more radiolabelled deoxynivalenol than those of susceptible genotypes, providing a partial explanation for the membrane tolerance t ... | 1995 | 8581324 |
| mycotoxins and fungi in wheat stored in elevators in the state of rio grande do sul, brazil. | samples of wheat harvested from 1988 to 1990 and stored in elevators in the south of brazil (12 brazilian, 4 argentinian and 2 uruguayan) were analysed in 1990 for 14 mycotoxins: deoxynivalenol (don), nivalenol, diacetoxyscirpenol (das), t-2 and ht-2 toxins, t-2 triol, t-2 tetraol, aflatoxins b1, b2, g1, g2, ochratoxin a (ochra a), zearalenone and sterigmatocystin. one sample (1988 harvest) was contaminated with ochra a (0.04 microgram/g) and three other samples (1990 harvest) were contaminated ... | 1995 | 8522033 |
| [identification of aurofusarin in fusarium graminearum isolates, causing a syndrome of worsening of egg quality in chickens]. | twenty isolates of fusarium graminearum have been isolated from infested grain. when laying hens were fed with biomass of most isolates, the quality of eggs deteriorated. it was found that all the isolated produced a yellow-orange metabolite with an antibiotic activity against mycelial fungi and yeasts. the metabolite was identified by physico-chemical methods as the dimeric naphthoquinone aurofusarin. the production of the other mycotoxins zearalenone and deoxynivalenol by the fungal isolates d ... | 1993 | 8415517 |
| toxins derived from fusarium graminearum, f. culmorum and f. crookwellense: zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, nivalenol and fusarenone x. | 1993 | 8411625 | |
| multiple isomers of phosphatidyl inositol monophosphate and inositol bis- and trisphosphates from filamentous fungi. | the range of inositol phosphates and inositol phospholipids present in three filamentous fungi, neurospora crassa, fusarium graminearum and phanerochaete chrysosporium has been investigated by hplc analysis. the profiles obtained demonstrate that two isomers of phosphatidyl inositol monophosphate are present, and that an apparent complexity in the number of isomers of inositol bis- and trisphosphates is found in filamentous fungi that has not been observed in animal or plant cells. | 1993 | 8394259 |
| inhibition of phosphatidylcholine and chitin biosynthesis in pyricularia oryzae, botrytis fabae and fusarium graminearum by edifenphos. | colony growth of the fungi pyricularia oryzae, botrytis fabae and fusarium graminearum was reduced by 50% (ed50) by edifenphos concentrations of 7, 25 and 190 microm respectively; the phosphatidylcholine (pc) content of biomass of p. oryzae, b. fabae, and f. graminearum harvested from fungicide-containing-cultures was reduced by 50% by 6, 95 and 350 microm-edifenphos respectively. by contrast, the activities of membrane-bound chitin synthase preparations isolated from the three fungi were approx ... | 1993 | 8360628 |
| investigation of possible adverse allergic reactions to mycoprotein ('quorn'). | mycoprotein ('quorn') is a food produced for human consumption from fusarium graminearum. crossreactivity studies showed that mycoprotein shared multiple common allergenic determinants with aspergillus fumigatus and cladosporium herbarum and some with alternaria alternata. there is, therefore, a potential for mould allergic patients to react adversely to inhaled or ingested mycoprotein. mycoprotein rast screening of mycoprotein production workers was made during a 2 year period. two of the produ ... | 1993 | 8319120 |
| choline: its role in the growth of filamentous fungi and the regulation of mycelial morphology. | choline is an essential metabolite for the growth of filamentous fungi. it occurs most notably as a component of the major membrane phospholipid, phosphatidyl choline (lecithin), and fulfills a major role in sulphate metabolism in the form of choline-o-sulphate in many species. choline is usually synthesised endogenously, but exogenous choline can also be taken up, either to compensate for metabolic deficiencies in choline-requiring mutants such as those of aspergillus nidulans and neurospora cr ... | 1993 | 8318261 |
| periodic selection in longterm continuous-flow cultures of the filamentous fungus fusarium graminearum. | by monitoring increases and decreases in the proportion of cycloheximide-resistant macroconidia, periodic selection was observed in populations of the filamentous fungus fusarium graminearum, grown in glucose-limited chemostat cultures. the results indicated that periodic selection of advantageous mutants of f. graminearum occurred at intervals of about 124 h at both high (d = 0.19 h-1, approximately 34 generations) and low (d = 0.06 h-1, approximately 11 generations) dilution rates. several 'ad ... | 1993 | 8277261 |
| acute effects of mycoprotein on subsequent energy intake and appetite variables. | the effect of mycoprotein, a food produced by continuous fermentation of fusarium graminearum (schwabe), on energy intake and appetite was investigated. female subjects, all classified as nonrestrained eaters, participated in two 3-d study periods. subjects weighed food consumed on the day before the study, on the day of the meal, and on the following day. subjects were presented with an isoenergetic meal containing either mycoprotein or chicken and visual analogue scales were completed immediat ... | 1993 | 8257542 |
| fungicide inhibition of aflatoxins, diacetoxyscirpenol and zearalenone production. | the effect of fungicides on the production of aflatoxin by aspergillus flavus imi 89717, diacetoxyscirpenol and zearalenone by fusarium graminearum was studied. in a yeast extract-sucrose medium, dicloran, iprodione and vinclozolin fungicides significantly inhibited mycelial growth of a. flavus at 250 ppm and significantly decreased aflatoxin production at 100, 250 and 500 ppm, respectively. in potato-dextrose broth, these fungicides diminished the mycelial growth of f. graminearum and productio ... | 1993 | 8112694 |
| the 1994 marjory stephenson prize lecture. evolution of the quorn myco-protein fungus, fusarium graminearum a3/5. | 1994 | 7952168 | |
| restriction enzyme fragment patterns of mtdna from a galactose oxidase-producing mold. | 1. mitochondrial dnas from dactylium dendroides, hypomyces rosellus, fusarium graminearum, gibberella fujikuroi, fusarium tricinctum strains and a galactose oxidase (gao)-producing mold (original strain) presented distinctive restriction enzyme fragment patterns with the endonucleases hind iii and ecori. 2. a small number of comigrating bands was found when the gao-producing mold was compared with the others. the molecular size of mtdna from the gao-producing mold, as judged by summation of frag ... | 1993 | 7906173 |
| mapping quantitative trait loci (qtls) for resistance to gibberella zeae infection in maize. | the basic prerequisite for an efficient breeding program to improve levels of resistance to pathogens in plants is the identification of genes controlling the resistance character. if the response to pathogens is under the control of a multilocus system, the utilization of molecular markers becomes essential. stalk and ear rot caused by gibberella zeae is a widespread disease of corn: resistance to g. zeae is quantitatively inherited. our experimental approach to understanding the genetic basis ... | 1993 | 7901750 |
| mycoprotein reduces glycemia and insulinemia when taken with an oral-glucose-tolerance test. | this study investigated the effects of mycoprotein, a food produced by the continuous fermentation of fusarium graminearum (schwabe), on acute glycemia and insulinemia in normal healthy individuals. subjects participated in two single-meal study periods in a crossover design. after an overnight fast, subjects were given milkshakes containing mycoprotein or a control substance, which were isoenergetic and nutrient balanced. each milkshake contained 75 g carbohydrate, equivalent to a standard worl ... | 1995 | 7825525 |
| evolution of fusarium graminearum a3/5 grown in a glucose-limited chemostat culture at a slow dilution rate. | the evolution of fusarium graminearum a3/5 grown in a glucose-limited chemostat at a dilution rate of 0.05 h-1 (doubling time of 13.9 h) was followed for 957 h or 69 generations. periodic selection of advantageous mutants was monitored in the culture by determining increases and decreases in the concentration of cycloheximide-resistant macroconidia in the population. six peaks in the concentration of cycloheximide-resistant macroconidia were observed representing five adaptive changes in the pop ... | 1994 | 7812442 |
| use of a series of chemostat cultures to isolate 'improved' variants of the quorn mycoprotein fungus, fusarium graminearum a3/5. | variants (designated a23-s and a24-s) of the quorn myco-protein fungus, fusarium graminearum a3/5 were isolated from a series of glucose-limited cultures grown at a dilution rate of 0.18 h-1 for a combined total of 109 d. these variants had unchanged mycelial morphologies but, when grown in mixed culture with the parental strain (a3/5) in glucose-limited chemostat culture at 0.18 h-1, a23-s and a24-s had selection coefficients of 0.013 and 0.017 h-1, respectively, and supplanted a3/5. when a mon ... | 1994 | 7812441 |
| production of hormones by fungi. | twenty species of filamentous fungi were tested for their gibberellin and sterol production, with emphasis on the action of some factors on these products. while all cultures produced both gibberellin and sterol in variable amounts, aspergillus flavus, a. niger, a. ochraceus, cladosporium cladosporioides, gibberella zeae, penicillium funiculosum, p. italicum and p. rubrum were the best producers. the isolates of a. niger isolated from soil and p. italicum isolated from citrus fruit were selected ... | 1994 | 7740983 |
| production of trichothecene mycotoxins by fusarium graminearum and fusarium culmorum on barley and wheat. | wheat cultivars (stoa, mn87150, sumai-3, ymi-6, wheaton) and barley cultivars (robust, excel, chevron, m69) were inoculated in the field with isolates of fusarium graminearum and f. culmorum. the disease (fusarium head blight) kernels were analyzed for deoxynivalenol (don), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-adon) and nivalenol (niv). f. culmorum produced all three trichothecenes on all cultivars tested whereas f. graminearum only produced don and 15-adon. there was no well defined correlation between ... | 1994 | 7708088 |
| choline- and acetylcholine-induced changes in the morphology of fusarium graminearum: evidence for the involvement of the choline transport system and acetylcholinesterase. | the response of fusarium graminearum to choline, acetylcholine and a number of related analogues was investigated and their ability to induce a morphological response quantified. a number of mutants resistant to the alkylating agent nitrogen mustard (nim strains) were generated and found to have lost the ability to transport choline. these mutants were found to be insensitive to choline and acetylcholine but not to betaine, ethanolamine and other analogues. in addition, the non-competitive inhib ... | 1995 | 7670634 |
| melting fine structure of filamentous fungus nuclear dna. | melting fine structure of the nuclear dna isolated from the filamentous fungus fusarium graminearum schwabe is presented. optical melting profiles of nuclear dna were analyzed by using a combination of curve fitting and derivative techniques. the "melting components" were obtained from the derivative curve by a simple decomposition technique. differential optical melting curves of unsheared nuclear dna indicate the presence of 15 "melting components" in filamentous fungus nuclear genome. it shou ... | 1980 | 7443512 |
| sexual maturation of boars and growth of swine exposed to extended photoperiod during decreasing natural photoperiod. | littermate pairs of crossbred boars, barrows and gilts were used to study the effects of an artificially extended photoperiod during decreasing daylength on puberty in boars and on weight gain and feed efficiency. libido scores of the boars exposed to the extended photoperiod were higher (p < .01) than those of controls at 24 and 26 weeks of age. at 26 weeks of age, semen had been collected from 74% of the boars on supplemental light but from only 26% of the controls. lighting treatment did not ... | 1980 | 7440451 |
| microbial acetyl conjugation of t-2 toxin and its derivatives. | the acetyl conjugation of t-2 toxin and its derivatives, the 12,13-epoxytrichothecene mycotoxins, was studied by using mycelia of trichothecene-producing strains of fusarium graminearum, f. nivale, calonectria nivalis, and f. sporotrichoides, t-2 toxin was efficiently converted into acetyl t-2 toxin by all strains except a t-2 toxin-producing strain of f. sporotrichoides, which hydrolyzed the substrate to ht-2-toxin and neosolaniol. ht-2 toxin was conjugated to 3-acetyl ht-2 toxin as an only pro ... | 1980 | 7396487 |
| comparison of extracts of "fusarium graminearum" as antigens and three immunization procedures for the production of anti-fusaria sera. | 1982 | 7171244 | |
| photochemical interaction of dictamnine, a furoquinoline alkaloid, with fungal dna. | the furoquinoline alkaloid dictamnine has been shown to provoke lethal damage to filamentous fungi in near ultraviolet light. the phototoxicity was more pronounced against mucor hiemalis and mucor ramannianus than against fusarium graminearum and penicillium italicum. in vitro, labeled dictamnine was shown to form covalent monoadducts with purified dna from m. hiemalis in the presence of long-wave ultraviolet light. addition of [3h]dictamnine to cultures of the same organism showed photobinding ... | 1982 | 7104872 |
| production of vomitoxin on corn by fusarium graminearum nrrl 5883 and fusarium roseum nrrl 6101. | two vomitoxin-producing isolates of fusarium spp. were grown on cracked corn for 1 to 8 weeks at 15, 20, 25, 28, and 32 degrees c. maximum production of vomitoxin by fusarium graminearum schw. nrrl 5883 occurred at 30 degrees c and 40 days, and that by fusarium roseum schw. nrrl 6101 occurred at 26 degrees c and 41 days. these optimum production points were determined from response surface contour graphs in relation to temperature and time. only small amounts of vomitoxin were produced at 15 and ... | 1982 | 7081990 |
| distribution of vomitoxin in dry milled fractions of wheat infected with gibberella zeae. | 1983 | 6886223 | |
| [affinity chromatography of galactose oxidase of fusarium graminearum imv-f 1060 on sepharose 6b]. | 1983 | 6865809 | |
| fungal contamination and mycotoxin-producing potential of dried beans. | a total of 604 samples of about 7 different types of beans was examined to determine their mycological profiles, and suitability for use as solid substrates for mycotoxin production. all of the samples were collected from bean jam makers in tokyo by the official food examiners. genera penicillium and aspergillus were predominant, and genus wallemia was also found commonly in all types of beans. mycotoxin-producing aspergillus strains were isolated from 52 samples of beans, approximately 9% of th ... | 1981 | 6783913 |
| preparation of deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin) from field-inoculated corn. | a process was developed for production of gram quantities of deoxynivalenol (don) from corn that had been inoculated in the field with fusarium graminearum and was estimated to contain 400-500 mg don/kg. steps in the purification procedure included extraction with methanol-water (1 + 1), partition from an aqueous solution into ethyl acetate by using a hydrophilic matrix, defatting, florisil column chromatography, methylene chloride-water partition, semipreparative liquid chromatography (lc), and ... | 1984 | 6698925 |
| [properties of fusarium graminearum galactose oxidase]. | the kinetics and action mechanism of the galactose oxidase from fusarium graminearum were studied. ph-optimum of the enzyme activity and stability was 7.0, the activity and stability of the galactose oxidase being decreased at any other values of ph. the enzyme is destabilized at acidic ph that is connected with protonization of its ionogenic group with pk 4.7. the temperature optimum of the galactose oxidase is 35 degrees c. when studying the enzyme thermoinactivation, it was found that at temp ... | 1983 | 6647421 |
| simple method for isolation of 4-deoxynivalenol from rice inoculated with fusarium graminearum. | a new method for preparative isolation of 4-deoxynivalenol (don) is presented. this method avoids the loss of material during purification on silica gel by column chromatography. don and 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol in crude extracts of rice inoculated with fusarium graminearum were converted to triacetyldeoxynivalenol; the acetylated product was easier to purify by silica gel chromatography than don is. after hydrolysis and further purification on a charcoal-alumina column, the 71% pure don was recov ... | 1984 | 6508304 |
| decomposition of the fusarium graminearum toxin zearalenone in storage conditions. | the studies illustrate the effects of preservatives - "luprosil" (propionic acid) and "gasol" (contains organic acids and some additional compounds) on the growth of fusarium graminearum and the quality of zearalenone in contaminated grain. the laboratory conditions resembled, concerning the supply of oxygen, the circumstances in the surface layers of preserved grain mass. the mycelium growth of the fungus fusarium graminearum was visually observed. three successions of studies of grain cultures ... | 1981 | 6460219 |
| field outbreaks of hyperoestrogenism (vulvo-vaginitis) in pigs consuming maize infected by fusarium graminearum and contaminated with zearalenone. | during the spring and summer of 1979 field outbreaks of porcine hyperoestrogenism characterized by swelling and reddening of the vulva and teats in prepubertal gilts and enlargement of the mammae in young males occurred in the mistbelt of the natal midlands. on a farm in the ixopo district, pigs were fed a mixed ratio containing home-grown yellow maize stored on the cob in a crib and all the young pigs with a mass of 25-85 kg (=a total of 350) were affected. maize ears from the crib had a high p ... | 1980 | 6455520 |
| laboratory screening for zearalenone formation in corn hybrids and inbreds. | grains from 14 corn inbreds and 4 single cross hybrids were inoculated with 3 isolates of gibberella zeae to determine their inhibition of zearalenone production. the corn hybrids: pa762 x a632 (50 mg/kg zearalenone production), a619 x a632 (17 mg/kg zearalenone production), h95 x mo17 (132 mg/kg zearalenone production), and b73 x mo17 (33 mg/kg zearalenone production) appear to have less resistance than the inbreds to toxin formation. inbred h95 (64 mg/kg zearalenone production) supported the h ... | 1980 | 6450196 |
| lack of mutagenicity of some phytoestrogens in the salmonella/mammalian microsome assay. | 8 phytoestrogens were tested for mutagenicity using a variation of the salmonella/mammalian microsome (or ames) assay. zearalenone is a mycotoxin produced by a grain contaminant, fusarium graminearum (gibberella zeae) and the isomers of zearalanol are reduced derivatives of this compound. the remaining compounds are all flavonoids which occur naturally at relatively high concentrations in many plants, particularly legumes. 4 of these flavonoids (daidzein, genistein, formononetin and biochanin-a) ... | 1980 | 6449666 |
| [characteristics of purified preparations of the galactose oxidase of fusarium graminearum imv-f no. 1060]. | 1983 | 6400788 | |
| survey of vomitoxin-contaminated feed grains in midwestern united states, and associated health problems in swine. | during the 1981 corn harvest season in illinois and surrounding states, cold wet weather enhanced the growth of fusarium graminearum, with resulting contamination by vomitoxin and, to a lesser extent, zearalenone. of 342 feed samples analyzed, 274 contained vomitoxin at a concentration ranging from 0.1 to 41.6 ppm (mean, 3.1 ppm) and 40 samples contained zearalenone at a concentration ranging from 0.1 to 8 ppm (mean, 0.66 ppm). animal health problems and reduced growth performance were observed ... | 1984 | 6230342 |
| chemotaxonomy of gibberella zeae with special reference to production of trichothecenes and zearalenone. | by adopting a single-spore isolation technique, 113 isolates of gibberella zeae, the perfect stage of fusarium graminearum, were isolated from rice stubbles in barley and wheat fields and tested for production of trichothecenes and zearalenone on rice grains. of the isolates, 93% produced the trichothecenes, and they could be subdivided into two chemotaxonomic groups: nivalenol and fusarenon-x producers and deoxynivalenol and 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol producers. no cross production of these two typ ... | 1983 | 6229218 |
| deoxynivalenol, acetyl deoxynivalenol, and zearalenone formation by canadian isolates of fusarium graminearum on solid substrates. | three isolates of fusarium graminearum (daom 180377, 180378, and 180379) were screened for their ability to produce mycotoxins on the solid substrates corn and rice. they all produced deoxynivalenol and zearalenone on corn. on rice, only daom 180378 and 180379 produced significant amounts of these mycotoxins, with levels of deoxynivalenol being much higher than those of zearalenone. the effects of the initial moisture content before autoclaving, incubation temperature, and time were studied with ... | 1983 | 6227284 |
| the effects of "gasol" grain preservative dosages on the growth of fusarium graminearum and the quantity of the toxin zearalenone. | in earlier experiments regarding the effects of preservative "gasol" (containing various acids and additional compounds and intended for whole grain preservations) in recommended dosages, prevents the growth of fusarium graminearum and reduces the amount of zearalenone when added to milled grain. it was proved in the tests carried out that the smaller dosages of "gasol" were sufficient for the prevention of growth of the fungus and reduction in quantity of zearalenone. the degree to which the to ... | 1982 | 6217444 |
| [identification of the mycotoxin zearalenone in argentina]. | zearalenone, an estrogenic toxin produced by several fusarium sp., was detected by two chromatographic methods in grain and food samples from several farms of th buenos aires province. suspected zearalenone spots were identified by comparing their rf against that of the pure substance, by their change of behaviour under ultraviolet light of different wavelengths, by comparing the rf against a standard preparation after thin layer chromatography in four different solvent systems, and by color rea ... | 1980 | 6216499 |
| high tolerance of broilers to vomitoxin from corn infected with fusarium graminearum. | corn purposely infected with fusarium graminearum was found to contain 800 to 900 mg vomitoxin/kg. contaminated corn was substituted for control corn at 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24% in a corn-soybean meal ration. broiler cockerels were given each experimental diet from 6 to 11 days of age; then sample groups were necropsied. remaining birds were subsequently offered commercial starter for 2 days and sample groups again necropsied. growth and diet consumption were not significantly reduced until contami ... | 1982 | 6215643 |
| the effect of grain preservatives on the growth of the fungus fusarium graminearum and on the quantity of zearalenone. | 1981 | 6211963 | |
| [various properties of galactose oxidase from fusarium graminearum imv-f-1060 immobilized on aminoorganosilochromes]. | galactose oxidase preparations are obtained from fusarium graminearum imv-f-n 1060 immobilized on aminoorganosilochromes activated by cyanuron chloride and 2.4-toluylene diizocyanate. the immobilized preparations were studied for their selective action on different carbohydrate substrates and for the ph-medium dependence of the obtained preparation activity. potassium ferricyanide is established to have an activating effect on the immobilized enzyme. it is shown that the immobilized galactose ox ... | 1984 | 6093302 |
| estrogenic metabolite produced by fusarium graminearum in stored corn. | a derivative of resorcinylic acid, produced by the fungus fusarium graminearum, has been found to be responsible for the estrogenic signs in swine and laboratory rats. an estrogenic response in rats can be incited by injecting intramuscularly as little as 20 mug of the estrogen (f-2). stimulation in growth of rats was noted at the lower concentrations (20 to 40 mug) of a series. up to 3,500 ppm of the estrogen was produced on a solid corn medium. the compound is relatively stable to heat and ult ... | 1967 | 6068123 |
| chemically defined medium for the production of fusarium graminearum. | 1968 | 5652142 | |
| ph, nutrients and macrospore germination in gibberella zeae. | 1971 | 5563951 | |
| biosynthesis of rubrofusarin by fusarium graminearum. | 1969 | 5353286 | |
| [estrogenic metabolites of a strain of gibberella zeae (fusarium graminearum) cultivated on various substrates]. | 1973 | 4798066 | |
| [formation of proteolytic enzymes by fusarium graminearum and alternaria sp. fungi in relation to nitrogen sources in the medium]. | 1973 | 4797720 | |
| [effect of fusarium graminearum on the fertility of ganders]. | 1973 | 4726621 | |
| regulation of sexual reproduction in gibberella zeae (fusarium roxeum "graminearum") by f-2 (zearalenone). | 1973 | 4712507 | |
| [effect of carbon compounds on the formation of proteolytic enzymes by fusarium graminearum and alternaria sp]. | 1972 | 4674656 | |
| estrogenic activity of fusarium graminearum on rats in experimental conditions. | 1972 | 4666547 | |
| production of the mycotoxin, zearalenone, by fusarium graminearum growing on stored grain. ii. treatment of wheat grain with organic acids. | 1974 | 4427437 | |
| production of the mycotoxin, zearalenone, by fusarium graminearum growing on stored grain. i. grain storage at reduced temperatures. | 1974 | 4427436 | |
| effect of cleaning, milling, and baking on deoxynivalenol in wheat. | samples of wheat naturally infected by fusarium graminearum schwabe were obtained from mills in oklahoma, missouri, kansas, and minnesota and fields in nebraska and kansas in 1982; they were analyzed for deoxynivalenol (don). the wheat was milled, and don was found throughout all the milling fractions (bran, shorts, reduction flour, and break flour). the don recoveries for each mill run ranged from 90 to 98%. these samples, regardless of don concentration, also gave similar fractional distributi ... | 1985 | 4051489 |
| assessment of extraction procedures in the analysis of naturally contaminated grain products for deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin). | a comparison of 2 extraction solvent systems (acetonitrile-water, 21 + 4 and methanol-water, 1 + 1) and 3 mixing apparatus (high-speed blender, wrist-action shaker, and mechanical stirrer) was carried out for different extraction time periods. methods were evaluated using uncontaminated corn spiked with pure deoxynivalenol (don), field-inoculated (fusarium graminearum) corn, and uncontaminated and naturally infected wheat in swine diets. after sample extraction, aliquots were passed through alum ... | 1985 | 4030633 |
| ingestion of vomitoxin (deoxynivalenol)-contaminated wheat by nonlactating dairy cows. | our objective was to determine if there were serious deleterious effects of wheat naturally contaminated with vomitoxin (deoxynivalenol) on nonlactating dairy cows. comparisons were between two quebec spring wheat sources contaminated with fusarium graminearum in a feeding trial involving 10 nonlactating holstein dairy cattle offered good quality hay for ad libitum intake supplemented with wheat-oats concentrate (1 kg concentrate/100 kg body weight). initially, for 3 wk all cows were fed hay plu ... | 1985 | 3998233 |
| deoxynivalenol-contaminated wheat in swine diets. | two studies were conducted using fusarium graminearum-infected (scabby) wheat containing 6.8 ppm deoxynivalenol (don), commonly called vomitoxin, substituted for normal wheat in starter pig diets to give varying levels of don. after 3 wk on experimental treatments, one-half of the pigs in trial one were sacrificed to evaluate the effects of don on heart, kidney, spleen and liver. analyses for don residues in these tissues were also performed. the remaining 16 pigs were placed on a conventional d ... | 1985 | 3972745 |
| deoxynivalenol and 15-monoacetyl deoxynivalenol production by fusarium graminearum r6576 in liquid media. | growth and toxigenesis by fusarium graminearum r6576, were compared in four liquid media. parameters monitored during the fermentation were deoxynivalenol (don) and 15-acetyl deoxynivalenol (15-adon) production, fungal mass, carbohydrate utilization, and ph. factors which were varied included basal medium composition, corn steep liquor (csl) concentration, sucrose concentration and ammonium tartrate concentration. growth in modified fries medium resulted in only low levels of don (0.25 mg/l) and ... | 1985 | 3840229 |
| decreased feed consumption and body-weight gain in the b6c3f1 mouse after dietary exposure to 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol. | 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-adon), a biosynthetic precursor of deoxynivalenol (don), was extracted from rice cultures of fusarium graminearum r6576 and purified. growing female b6c3f1 mice were fed semi-purified diets containing 0, 0.5, 2.0 and 5.0 ppm 15-adon over 56 days and assessed for effects on feed intake, body-weight gain, terminal organ weights and blood clotting function. a significant reduction in feed intake was observed at the 5.0-ppm level after 44 days, whereas reduced rates of we ... | 1986 | 3804133 |
| feeding grain contaminated with fusarium graminearum and fusarium moniliforme to pigs and chickens. | 1987 | 3675418 | |
| impact of high dietary vomitoxin on yolk yield and embryonic mortality. | single comb white leghorn hens at 58 weeks of age were given control (c) and vomitoxin (v)-contaminated feed for 4 weeks; then the v treatment was changed to c for 2 subsequent weeks. fusarium graminearum-infected corn was substituted for sound corn to attain a practical extreme of 38 ppm v. hen-day production, feed consumption, body weight, and gross pathology were the same between treatments. egg weight, internal quality, and shell strength were not adversely affected; however, dietary v led t ... | 1987 | 3658889 |
| production of mycotoxins by fusarium species isolated in germany. 2. time course of deoxynivalenol and 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol formation by fusarium graminearum in different liquid media. | several semisynthetic liquid media were examined for the large-scale production of deoxynivalenol (don) und 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (acdon) by fusarium graminearum 183. only in three of the eight media used could high toxin yields of don and acdon be detected. the maximum levels of don in a medium according to miller were 3 mg/l and of acdon 32 mg/l. in glucose-yeast extract-peptone (gyep) medium containing 1% glucose, the acdon concentrations reached 33 mg/l and the don yields were 19 mg/l. in a ... | 1987 | 3439351 |
| isolation and characterization of trichothecin from corn cultures of fusarium graminearum mrc 1125. | trichothecin was isolated and purified from corn cultures of a toxic strain of fusarium graminearum. this strain, designated mrc 1125, was obtained from corn in southern africa. the brine shrimp toxicity assay was used throughout the isolation procedure to monitor the toxicity of the fractions. the compound was characterized by detailed 1h (500-mhz) and 13c (125-mhz) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. this is the first report of the production of trichothecin by a fus ... | 1988 | 3415233 |
| rejection by pigs of mouldy grain containing deoxynivalenol. | weaner pigs on a farm near beaudesert in south eastern queensland refused to eat feed comprised largely of wheat and barley. older pigs consumed small amounts and some prepubertal gilts subsequently displayed enlarged and reddened vulvas. wheat, barley and triticale were grown on the farm during 1983, which was unusually and persistently wet. the wheat and triticale were harvested and stored for about 3 weeks with moisture contents above 14% before being fed. samples of the wheat and triticale c ... | 1985 | 3158298 |
| 13c nmr study of the biosynthesis of toxins by fusarium graminearum. | 13c nmr spectroscopic investigations on the biosynthesis of mycotoxins produced by fusarium graminearum (m69) were carried out through the incorporation of [1-13c]- and [2-13c]acetate precursors. the major secondary metabolites produced by this species in still culture were deoxynivalenol (3,7,15-trihydroxy-12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-en-one), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and butenolide. [1-13c]- and [2-13c]acetate were incorporated in alternate carbon atoms in zearalenone, consistent with ... | 1985 | 3156854 |
| influence of water activity and temperature on the accumulation of zearalenone in corn. | the influence of water activity (aw) and temperature on the zearalenone biosynthesis in corn has been examined. viable corn kernels were conditioned at different values of water activity (0.90, 0.95 and 0.97), inoculated with fusarium graminearum and incubated at different temperatures. zearalenone was determined at selected times. for the strain used, a constant temperature of 25 degrees c resulted more favorable than 15 degrees c, 20 degrees c and the combination of two weeks at 25 degrees c f ... | 1988 | 2978950 |
| determination of ergosterol as a measure of fungal growth using si 60 hplc. | in order to determine to fungal growth of fusarium graminearum 480, a method was developed for the extraction and estimation of ergosterol, a sterol specific for fungi. this method includes the direct saponification of bound ergosterol to fungal mycelia followed by n-hexane extraction and quantification using. high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) with uv-detection. this procedure proved to be superior compared with other methods, since the yield of ergosterol yields was higher (up to 40 ... | 1988 | 2973698 |
| suppression of immune response in the b6c3f1 mouse after dietary exposure to the fusarium mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin) and zearalenone. | the effect that dietary exposure to the naturally-occurring fusarium graminearum toxins deoxynivalenol (don) and zearalenone (zea) may have on immune function was assessed in the b6c3f1 mouse. dietary don depressed the plaque-forming response to sheep red blood cells, the delayed hypersensitivity response to keyhole limpet haemocyanin and the ability to resist listeria monocytogenes. listerial resistance was similarly decreased in control mice fed restricted diets comparable to the dietary restr ... | 1987 | 2953660 |
| production of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone by isolates of fusarium graminearum schw. | the production of deoxynivalenol (doni) on rice, corn, wheat, and barley grains by fusarium graminearum schw. nrrl 5883 was investigated. highest yields (91.9-202 ppm) were obtained on rice; yields on the other substrates were: corn (34.1-84.5 ppm), wheat (3.6-24.4 ppm), and barley (0-6.6 ppm). fifty isolates of fusarium from corn inoculated in the field in 1979 with a mixture of strains of f. graminearum, originally collected from corn plants infected with stalk rot, were tested for doni produc ... | 1986 | 2951515 |
| mycological survey of korean cereals and production of mycotoxins by fusarium isolates. | the fungal species isolated from korean cereals (barley, polished barley, wheat, rye, and malt) were alternaria spp., aspergillus spp., chaetomium spp., drechslera spp., epicoccum sp., fusarium spp., and penicillium spp., etc. the number of fusarium strains isolated was 36, and their ability to produce fusarium mycotoxins on rice was tested. nivalenol (niv) was produced by fusarium graminearum (7 of 9 isolates), fusarium oxysporum (3 of 10 isolates), and fusarium spp. (7 of 15 isolates). of 15 i ... | 1986 | 2947538 |
| effect of choline on the morphology, growth and phospholipid composition of fusarium graminearum. | studies were made of the growth kinetics, morphology and phospholipid composition of two strains of fusarium graminearum, a wild-type strain (a3/5) and a highly branched variant (c106) which arose spontaneously during cultivation of a3/5. no significant difference was observed between the hyphal diameters of the two strains and therefore increased branching of c106 could not be explained in the terms of an increase in hyphal radius in the absence of a change in hyphal growth unit volume. the two ... | 1989 | 2634081 |
| effect of gamma-irradiation on f-2 and t-2 toxin production in corn and rice. | fusarium graminearum and f. tricinctum were grown on moistened corn and rice. after inoculation the substrates were exposed to gamma-irradiation and growth rate together with mycotoxin production were measured. a delay in mycelium growth and an increase in f-2 and t-2 toxin production occurred after irradiation with 1 and 3 kgy. the maximum f-2 production was 10.7 mg/kg on rice at 3 kgy, whereas t-2 was 735 micrograms/kg on rice at 3 kgy. at 9 kgy neither growth nor toxin production could be det ... | 1989 | 2530143 |
| influence of zearalenone on some metabolic pathways of the rat liver. | zearalenone, a natural product isolated from fusarium graminearum, has anabolic properties and affects glycogen catabolism in the rat liver. in the isolated perfused liver, l-lactate production, glucose release from endogenous glycogen and oxygen uptake are increased upon infusion of the compound. fructose metabolism is only slightly affected by zearalenone, except for the transformation of fructose into glucose which is decreased. the action of zearalenone seems to be related to the amount of d ... | 1989 | 2529942 |
| mycotoxins in cereal grain. part 13. deoxynivalenol and 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol in wheat kernels and chaff with head fusariosis symptoms. | in the period of harvest at 1987 field samples of wheat heads with fusariosis symptoms were collected in 18 provinces of poland. subsamples of heads infected with fusarium culmorum (w.g.sm) sacc. and fusarium graminearum schwabe were analyzed for fusarium metabolites. in fractions of kernels with visible fusarium-damage deoxynivalenol (don) was present in average amount of 18.7 mg/kg (range 9.6-25.3 mg/kg) and 3-acetyl don 1.9 mg/kg. fractions of kernels without symptoms of visible fusarium-dama ... | 1990 | 2388686 |