Publications

dietary cyanide from insufficiently processed cassava and growth retardation in children in the democratic republic of congo (formerly zaire).	dietary cyanide exposure from cyanogenic glucosides in insufficiently processed cassava has been advanced as a contributing factor in child growth retardation. whether cyanide exposure aggravates children's growth retardation was studied by comparing two populations of children from the northern and the southern zones of the bandundu region, democratic republic of congo (former zaire), using dietary interviews, anthropometry and urine analyses. both populations consumed cassava as their staple d ...	2000	10824211
characterization and genomic analysis of tobacco vein clearing virus, a plant pararetrovirus that is transmitted vertically and related to sequences integrated in the host genome.	a previously undescribed caulimo-like virus was identified in the hybrid tobacco species nicotiana edwardsonii, and was named tobacco vein clearing virus (tvcv) after the symptoms associated with its occurrence in this plant. the virions of tvcv are 50 nm in diameter and are composed of a 45 kda capsid protein and a 7767 bp dsdna genome. each strand of the genome is interrupted by a site-specific discontinuity. in genome sequence and arrangement of orfs tvcv was most similar to cassava vein mosa ...	2000	10811941
design and evaluation of a lactobacillus manihotivorans species-specific rrna-targeted hybridization probe and its application to the study of sour cassava fermentation.	based on 16s rrna sequence comparison, we have designed a 20-mer oligonucleotide that targets a region specific to the species lactobacillus manihotivorans recently isolated from sour cassava fermentation. the probe recognized the rrna obtained from all the l. manihotivorans strains tested but did not recognize 56 strains of microorganisms from culture collections or directly isolated from sour cassava, including 29 species of lactic acid bacteria. this probe was then successfully used in quanti ...	2000	10788405
reproduction and mortality in a colony of captive greater cane rats, thryonomys swinderianus, temminck.	the reproductive performance and mortalities in a colony of captive greater cane rats, thryonomys swinderianus, were monitored from 1992 to 1998 at the grasscutter domestication centre, achimota, ghana. the animals were kept in cages and exposed to constant lighting from a 100 w electric light bulb during the night. the diet consisted mainly of freshly cut panicum maximum (guinea grass) fed ad libitum, with occasional supplements of cassava and cane sugar. the results indicate that the mean litt ...	2000	10717939
developing expressed sequence tags (ests) from polymorphic transcript-derived fragments (tdfs) in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz).	we applied the cdna-aflp (amplified fragment length polymorphism) technique to mrna from the parents of a cassava (manihot esculenta) genetic mapping population, and obtained more than 500 transcript-derived fragments (tdfs) that were unique in either parent. a subset of 50 tdfs were cloned and sequenced. sequence alignment of the expressed sequence tags (ests) revealed mostly genes of unknown function. six of the tdfs were mapped on to the cassava genetic map. we also demonstrated by genetic ma ...	2000	10701114
expression of functional recombinant antibody molecules in insect cell expression systems.	recombinant single-chain variable-fragment molecules (scfv) were constructed from a cell line expressing a monoclonal antibody against african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) and expressed in escherichia coli. dna sequences that encoded the scfv were manipulated to allow scfv expression in insect cell lines. a recombinant baculovirus containing the scfv cdna was constructed and large amounts of scfv were produced in each of three insect cell lines infected with the baculovirus. however, the scfv wer ...	2000	10686153
plant cyanogenic glycosides.	the cyanogenic glycosides belong to the products of secondary metabolism, to the natural products of plants. these compounds are composed of an alpha-hydroxynitrile type aglycone and of a sugar moiety (mostly d-glucose). the distribution of the cyanogenic glycosides (cgs) in the plant kingdom is relatively wide, the number of cg-containing taxa is at least 2500, and a lot of such taxa belong to families fabaceae, rosaceae, linaceae, compositae and others. different methods of determination are d ...	2000	10669009
evidence of synergism between african cassava mosaic virus and a new double-recombinant geminivirus infecting cassava in cameroon.	stem cuttings were collected in cameroon from cassava plants displaying cassava mosaic disease (cmd) symptoms. the nature of the viruses present was determined by using the pcr with primers specific for the coat protein (cp) genes of african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) and east african cassava mosaic virus (eacmv). all samples were infected by acmv and eight of the 50 samples were infected by both acmv and an eacmv-like virus. the complete nucleotide sequences of dna-a and -b of representative a ...	2000	10640569
cytochromes p-450 from cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) catalyzing the first steps in the biosynthesis of the cyanogenic glucosides linamarin and lotaustralin. cloning, functional expression in pichia pastoris, and substrate specificity of the isolated recombinant enzymes.	the first committed steps in the biosynthesis of the two cyanogenic glucosides linamarin and lotaustralin in cassava are the conversion of l-valine and l-isoleucine, respectively, to the corresponding oximes. two full-length cdna clones that encode cytochromes p-450 catalyzing these reactions have been isolated. the two cassava cytochromes p-450 are 85% identical, share 54% sequence identity to cyp79a1 from sorghum, and have been assigned cyp79d1 and cyp79d2. functional expression has been achie ...	2000	10636899
degradation of cyanogenic glycosides by lactobacillus plantarum strains from spontaneous cassava fermentation and other microorganisms.	strains of lactobacillus plantarum, leuconostoc mesenteroides, candida tropicalis and penicillium sclerotiorum were screened for 19 enzymatic activities using the commercial kit api zym (bio mérieux). this activity was compared to the ability of degrading the toxic cyanogenic glycosides amygdalin, linamarin, and linseed cyanogens (a mixture of linustatin and neolinustatin). good correlation between the beta-glucosidase activity found in the api zym screening and the ability to degrade the cyanog ...	1999	10634708
molecular characterization and expression of a cdna encoding copper/zinc superoxide dismutase from cultured cells of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz).	a cdna, msod1, encoding cytosolic copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (cuznsod) was cloned and characterized from cell cultures of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) which produce a high yield of sod. msod1 encodes a 152-amino acid polypeptide with a pi value of 5.84. southern analysis using an msod1-specific probe indicated that a single copy of the msod1 gene is present in the cassava genome. the msod1 gene is highly expressed in cultured cells, as well as in intact stems and tuberous roots. it i ...	1999	10628864
[spastic paraparesis due to long term consumption of wild cassava (manihot esculenta): a neurotoxic model of motor neuron disease].	cassava (manihot esculenta) is the basic foodstuff of more than 500 million persons in developing countries. its edible root contains a glucoside with a high cyanogenic content, linamarina, which is hydrolysed in the human intestinal tract by the resident microbial flora, with liberation of hcn. inadequate preparation and cooking followed by consumption whilst half-raw, especially in diets based almost exclusively on cassava for a long period of time, may lead to a neurological syndrome of damag ...	1999	10599107
a nanovirus-like dna component associated with yellow vein disease of ageratum conyzoides: evidence for interfamilial recombination between plant dna viruses.	yellow vein disease of ageratum conyzoides, a weed species that is widely distributed throughout asia, has been attributed to infection by the geminivirus ageratum yellow vein virus (ayvv). in addition to a single ayvv genomic component (dna a), we have previously demonstrated that infected plants contain chimeric defective viral components, comprising dna a and nongeminiviral sequences, that act as defective interfering dnas. a database search has revealed that the nongeminiviral sequences of o ...	1999	10544139
comparative effects of scopoletin and cyanide on rat brain, 1: histopathology.	four week old male wistar rats were used to study the effects of scopoletin and cyanide on the histopathology of rat brain. the rats were divided into a control and three experimental groups (2-4) and fed rations containing 0.07 microg scopoletin/100 g, 0.07 microg scopoletin + 1.8 mg cyanide/100 g and 1.8 mg cyanide/100 g, respectively. these levels of scopoletin and cyanide corresponded to levels found in a processed cassava diet. the first group was fed the same ration as the others but witho ...	1999	10540987
parameters of thyroid function in the endemic goitre of akungba and oke-agbe villages of akoko area of southwestern nigeria.	the parameters of thyroid function were determined in akungba and oke-agbe communities of akoko area, where goiter is endemic and compared to a control population of erinmo and ifewara in ijesha area, both areas being in southwestern nigeria. the two study areas have similar physical and geological settings. however, while the main carbohydrate source of the control population are yam and/or bread-fruit, the akoko population derives her carbohydrates mainly from cassava which could lead to incre ...	1998	10497657
bioactivation of cyanide to cyanate in sulfur amino acid deficiency: relevance to neurological disease in humans subsisting on cassava.	neurological disorders have been reported from parts of africa with protein-deficient populations and attributed to cyanide (cn-) exposure from prolonged dietary use of cassava, a cyanophoric plant. cyanide is normally metabolized to thiocyanate (scn-) by the sulfur-dependent enzyme rhodanese. however, in protein-deficient subjects where sulfur amino acids (saa) are low, cn may conceivably be converted to cyanate (ocn-), which is known to cause neurodegenerative disease in humans and animals. th ...	1999	10478859
effect of varied fermentation periods on the diabetogenic potential of toasted cassava granules.	the effects of exclusive gari diets prepared using varied fermentation periods on the fasting blood glucose levels (fbgl) and glucose tolerance (gt) of rats were studied. thirty growing male albino rats divided randomly into 5 groups of 6 rats each were used. the 5 groups were each fed gari diets fermented for 0, 24, 48, 72 hours; and a standard rat diet, respectively, for 8 weeks. data on the total cyanogen content and % crude protein of the diets; fbgl, gt, body weight, water:feed consumption ...	1999	10472793
food toxins, ampa receptors, and motor neuron diseases.	environmental chemicals involved in the etiology of human neurodegenerative disorders are challenging to identify. described here is research designed to determine the etiology and molecular pathogenesis of nerve cell degeneration in two little known corticomotoneuronal diseases with established environmental triggers. both conditions are toxic-nutritional disorders dominated by persistent spastic weakness of the legs and degeneration of corresponding corticospinal pathways. lathyrism, a disease ...	1999	10461541
performance of laying pullets fed on cereal-free diets based on maize offal, cassava peel and reject cashew nut meal.	1. a 70-d experiment was conducted to determine the response of 26-week-old laying pullets to cereal-free diets based on maize offal, cassava peel and full-fat cashew nut meal (cnm) in comparison with a standard 550 g maize/kg reference diet. the 4 test diets all contained 315 g cnm/kg 232.5, 155.0, 77.5 and 0.0 g/kg of maize offal in combination with 77.5, 155.0, 232.5 and 315.0 g/kg of cassava peel, respectively. 2. pullets fed on the 4 cnm-based diets consumed (p<0.05) less food than those fe ...	1999	10405040
secretion of lysine in a broth medium by lactic bacteria and yeasts associated with garri production using a synthetic gene.	although cassava is an important food in the tropics, it has two major deficiencies which are carried over into those foods made from it: its content of toxic cyanogenic glucosides and its low content of protein and amino acids. garri, a fermented cassava food, has previously been ameliorated using organisms which simultaneously secrete linamarase (to reduce the residual cyanide in the food), amylase (to contribute to the growth of fermenting organisms and increase the flavour) and lysine (to im ...	1999	10389256
lipid content and fatty acid composition in foods commonly consumed by nursing congolese women: incidences on their essential fatty acid intakes and breast milk fatty acids.	the fat content and fatty acid (fa) composition of nearly 40 foods, currently consumed by 102 nursing congolese mothers living in brazzaville, were determined to assess their impact on mothers' essential fatty acid (efa) intakes and breast milk fa. data on mothers' milk fa and dietary habits which allowed food selection were recently published (rocquelin et al., 1998). most foods were locally produced. food samples were collected at local markets, bleached if necessary to avoid microbial degrada ...	1998	10367004
screening of medicinal plants from trinidad and tobago for antimicrobial and insecticidal properties.	antibacterial activity in 51 extracts from 29 plant species currently used in traditional medicine in trinidad and the neighbouring caribbean islands was tested for by the agar dilution streak method using six bacteria: escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa. salmonella tophimurium, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis and enterococcus faecalis. the extracts from eight of the plants tested showed significant activity against one or more micro-organisms and the most susceptible bac ...	1999	10363843
[nutritional evaluation of protein quality of cassava leaf combined with casein by plastein reaction].	the present work was conducted to obtain a proteic product and to evaluate its biological value in order to be used for human and/or domestic animal consumption. thus, it were used cassava leaves as a non conventional source of protein. it was produced a freeze-dried, fat-free and colourless proteic isolated from those leaves (clpi). this was mixed with casein and after the mixture as enzymatically hydrolyzed and resynthesized (plastein reaction) to obtain a precipitated (pp) and a soluble plast ...	1998	10347695
purification and properties of a novel raw starch degrading cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase from bacillus firmus.	a novel raw starch degrading cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase (cgtase; e.c. 2.4.1.19), produced by bacillus firmus, was purified to homogeneity by ultrafiltration, affinity and gel filtration chromatography. the molecular weight of the pure protein was estimated to be 78,000 and 82,000 da, by sds-page and gel filtration, respectively. the pure enzyme had a ph optimum in the range 5.5-8.5. it was stable over the ph range 7-11 at 10 degrees c, and at ph 7.0 at 60 degrees c. the optimum tempera ...	1999	10341434
identification of genes directly and indirectly involved in the insect transmission of african cassava mosaic geminivirus by bemisia tabaci.	the inability to transmit progeny virus resulting from the cloned components of an isolate of african cassava mosaic virus originating from kenya (acmv-k) has been shown to be due to defects in both genomic components. this was achieved by the production of infectious pseudorecombinants between acmv-k and the cloned components of a whitefly-transmissible acmv isolate originating from nigeria (acmv-nog). the exchange of gene fragments between acmv-k and acmv-nog has been used to demonstrate that ...	1999	10334034
tapioca melanomas of the iris: immunohistology and report on two cases.	tapioca-like tumors are rare, and their benign or malignant nature is obscure without histological work-up. we report on the clinical and histological features of different types of tumors in two patients.	1999	10333110
evidence on the origin of cassava: phylogeography of manihot esculenta.	cassava (manihot esculenta subsp. esculenta) is a staple crop with great economic importance worldwide, yet its evolutionary and geographical origins have remained unresolved and controversial. we have investigated this crop's domestication in a phylogeographic study based on the single-copy nuclear gene glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (g3pdh). the g3pdh locus provides high levels of noncoding sequence variation in cassava and its wild relatives, with 28 haplotypes identified among 212 ...	1999	10318928
purification, partial amino acid sequence and structure of the product of raucaffricine-o-beta-d-glucosidase from plant cell cultures of rauwolfia serpentina.	plant cell suspension cultures of rauwolfia produce within 1 week approximately 250 nkat/l of raucaffricine-o-beta-d-glucosidase. a five step procedure using anion exchange chromatography, chromatography on hydroxylapatite, gel filtration and fplc-chromatography on mono q and mono p delivered in a yield of 0.9% approximately 1200-fold enriched glucosidase. a short protocol employing deae sepharose, tsk 55 s gel chromatography and purification on mono q gave a 5% recovery of glucosidase which was ...	1999	10234858
aflp assessment of genetic variability in cassava accessions (manihot esculenta) resistant and susceptible to the cassava bacterial blight (cbb).	cassava bacterial blight (cbb) is caused by xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (xam). resistance is found in manihot esculenta and, in addition, has been introgressed from a wild relative, m. glaziovii. the resistance is thought to be polygenic and additively inherited. ninety-three varieties of m. esculenta (crantz) were assessed by aflps for genetic diversity and for resistance to cbb. aflp analysis was performed using two primer combinations and a 79.2% level of polymorphism was found. the ...	1999	10231955
culture of cells at perfluorocarbon-aqueous interfaces.	protoplasts (wall-less cells) isolated enzymatically from leaf tissues of manihot esculenta, passiflora edulis and petunia parodii, and from cell suspensions of oryza sativa, passiflora giberti, petunia hybrida and salpiglossis sinuata, were cultured for up to 35 d at an interface between the inert, oxygen-gassed perfluorocarbon (pfc) liquid, perfluorodecalin, overlaid with liquid or semi-solidified aqueous media. the maximum increase in mitotic division, as assessed by initial plating efficienc ...	1999	10226688
aflp fingerprinting: an efficient technique for detecting genetic variation of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis.	xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (xam) is the causative agent of cassava bacterial blight (cbb), a worldwide disease that is particularly destructive in south america and africa. cbb is controlled essentially through the use of resistant varieties. to develop an appropriate disease management strategy, the genetic diversity of the pathogen's populations must be assessed. until now, the genetic diversity of xam was characterized by rflp analyses using ribotyping, and plasmid and genomic xam p ...	1999	10206688
crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction analysis of hydroxynitrile lyase from cassava (manihot esculenta).	hydroxynitrile lyase from m. esculenta (cassava) was crystallized in two different crystal forms by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. crystals of form i were obtained from a mixture of polyethylene glycol 8000 and 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, and belong to the tetragonal space group p41212 or its enantiomorph p43212, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 105.9, c = 188.9 a and with two molecules in the asymmetric unit. these crystals diffract to 2.9 a with conventional x-ray sources and beyond ...	1999	10089330
modified starch enhances absorption and accelerates recovery in experimental diarrhea in rats.	rice gruels have been used as home remedies to treat dehydration associated with diarrheal illness in developing countries. these preparations have produced conflicting results, most likely due to the heterogeneity of starch used. we investigated whether the modified tapioca starch, textra (tx), at 5.0 or 10.0 g/l added to a 90 mmol/l na+-111 mmol glucose oral rehydration solution (ors) enhanced water and electrolyte absorption in two models of diarrhea. to induce a secretory state (model a), th ...	1999	10088661
effect of cassava on motor co-ordination and neurotransmitter level in the albino rat.	the root of cassava, a tropical plant, is consumed in the tropics and has been attributed as the cause for various tropical neuropathies. this study aims to discover the neurotoxic effects of chronic cassava consumption of indian origin and the effect of malnutrition. the assessment is based on the motor co-ordination and brain neurotransmitters in rats. cassava consumption reduced the motor co-ordination, but the changes in neurotransmitter levels due to cassava consumption (except for 5ht in c ...	1999	10069482
sodium cyanate alters glutathione homeostasis in rodent brain: relationship to neurodegenerative diseases in protein-deficient malnourished populations in africa.	sodium cyanate, a neurotoxic chemical in rodents, primates and humans, is implicated in neurodegenerative disorders in protein-deficient populations subsisting in parts of africa on the cyanogenic plant cassava. the molecular and cellular mechanisms of cyanate neurotoxicity are not understood. this study investigates the effect of sodium cyanate on glutathione (gsh) homeostasis in rodent brain and liver in vitro and in vivo. gsh levels in mouse brain were rapidly, time- and dose-dependently decr ...	1999	10023026
recent advances in cassava pest management.	cassava (manihot esculenta) occupies a uniquely important position as a food security crop for smallholder farmers in ares of the tropics where climate, soils, or societal stresses constrain production. given its reliability and productivity, cassava is the most important locally produced food in a third of the world's low-income, food-deficit countries. it is the fourth most important source of carbohydrates for human consumption in the tropics, after rice, sugar, and maize. world production of ...	1999	9990720
infectivity of african cassava mosaic virus clones to cassava by biolistic inoculation.	clones of an african cassava mosaic virus isolate originating from nigeria (acmv-nog) were shown to be infectious to cassava by biolistic inoculation. the production of pseudorecombinants between acmv-nog and clones of an acmv isolate originating from kenya (acmv-k) indicated that the lack of infectivity of acmv-k to cassava was due to defect(s) in the dna b genomic component; this component encodes two proteins involved in cell-to-cell movement. this is the first demonstration of infectivity of ...	1998	9930204
adenoma of the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium mimicking a malignant melanoma of the iris.	adenomas of the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium are rare tumors and are difficult to differentiate from amelanotic malignant melanomas of the ciliary body. we describe a 62-year-old woman with a nonpigmented, vascularized iris tumor with small satellites involving the anterior chamber angle. clinically, an amelanotic, tapioca, malignant melanoma of the iris was suggested although the blood-aqueous barrier was intact. a block excision of 7.5 mm, a tectonic corneoscleral graft, and a simultaneous ...	1999	9930172
the energetic value of nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to physical activity in group-housed, growing pigs.	the dose response effect of dietary nonstarch polysaccharide (nsp) content on physical activity in relation to metabolic rate in pigs was studied. twelve clusters of 14 pigs (50-kg castrated males) were fed one of four diets, similar in composition, except for the starch and nsp content. the difference in starch and nsp ratio was created by exchanging sugar beet pulp silage (sbps) for tapioca. on a dm basis, diets contained 0, 5, 10, or 15% sbps. pigs were housed in groups and fed at 2.5 times t ...	1998	9928606
bonnet monkey model for pancreatic changes in induced malnutrition.	pancreatic degenerative lesions of identical nature could be induced in bonnet monkeys (macaca radiata) fed protein-deficient tapioca or cassava starch-based and corn-starch-based diets for 3 or 5 months. marked to severe lobular and acinar cell atrophy in animals fed low-protein diets resembled human pancreatic atrophy resulting from protein deficiency. animals fed low-protein, high-carbohydrate diets showed lesions akin to tropical chronic calculus pancreatopathy with diabetes mellitus. the pa ...	1999	9888664
dietary deficiency of cystine and methionine in rats alters thiol homeostasis required for cyanide detoxification.	nutritional status is an important factor in modulating the metabolic fate of xenobiotics. sulfur amino acid (saa) deficiency has been proposed as a risk factor for human neurological diseases among protein-poor populations subsisting on the cyanophoric plant cassava. female sprague-dawley rats were used to develop and define a model of saa deficiency for use in future studies examining cassava-related neurotoxicity. rats were kept in metabolic cages for 7-21 d and fed a balanced diet (bd) of kn ...	1998	9885999
molecular characterisation of a distinct south african cassava infecting geminivirus.	african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) and east african cassava mosaic virus (eacmv) are whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses (wtgs) which are widespread in cassava in africa and cause serious yield losses. recently, a new geminivirus affecting cassava in south africa (sacmv) has been reported. in this work sacmv was found to have dna-a and dna-b components. comparisons of amino acid sequences of the putative coat protein, and nucleotide sequences of the common region and a 687-bp dna b fragment of s ...	1998	9856107
sorghum for human food--a review.	a brief review of literature on sorghum for human foods and on the relationship among some kernel characteristics and food quality is presented. the chief foods prepared with sorghum, such as tortilla, porridge, couscous and baked goods are described. tortillas, prepared with 75% of whole sorghum and 25% of yellow maize, are better than those prepared with whole sorghum alone. a porridge formulation with a 30:40:30 mix of sorghum, maize and cassava respectively, has been shown to be the most acc ...	1998	9839838
physicochemical properties and garification (gari yield) of selected cassava cultivars in rivers state, nigeria.	gari was processed from six different cassava cultivars tms 3575, tms 3044, hormone treated variety (htv), tms 30555, tms 40944 and tms 30572. chemical analyses of the gari samples showed ph values of: 4.0, 4.0, 3.9, 3.6, 3.4, 3.6 and total titratable acidity of 0.99, 0.99, 0.98, 0.85, 0.96, 0.85 (% lactic acid) for tms 3575, 3044, htv, 30555, 30572, and 40944 respectively. physical characteristics of the samples showed the swelling index of 264.5%, 223.5%, 364.0%, 321.3%, 241.3% and 232.7%, wat ...	1998	9839812
lactobacillus manihotivorans sp. nov., a new starch-hydrolysing lactic acid bacterium isolated during cassava sour starch fermentation.	two lactobacillus strains were isolated from sour cassava starch fermentation. the cells were gram-positive, catalase-negative, non-spore-forming, non-motile rods. they produced only l(+)lactate and were homofermentative. growth occurred at ph values of 5.0-7.0 and optimum growth occurred at ph 6.0. growth was positive at 15 and 45 degrees c. the dna g + c content was 48.4 +/- 0.2 mol%. sequence analysis of the 16s rrna gene revealed that strains ond 32t and yam 1 clustered with, but were separa ...	1998	9828412
types of variation in dna-a among isolates of east african cassava mosaic virus from kenya, malawi and tanzania.	complete nucleotide sequences of the dna-a-like molecules of three east african cassava mosaic virus (eacmv) isolates from kenya (-k, 2801 nt) and malawi (-mh and -mk, both 2804 nt) were determined. these sequences were compared with that published for a tanzanian isolate (-t, 2801 nt) and the partial sequence of a third malawian isolate. intergenic region sequences of all isolates, and deduced amino acid sequences of their ac1 (rep) proteins, each formed a tightly related cluster that was disti ...	1998	9820161
hyperglycemic effect of low protein cassava diet.	hyperglycemic effect of cassava diet in presence of varying amounts of protein has been carried out. the rats fed a low protein high cyanide diet showed an increase in the blood glucose and a decrease in the liver glycogen. the activity of glycogen phosphorylase, glucose 6-phosphatase and phosphoglucomutase showed higher levels in the liver of low protein high cyanide group compared to the control group. also, the activity of hexokinase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase activity in the liver of high ...	1998	9754064
[feed intake and milk production in dairy cows fed whole fat soybeans].	in two experiments (e 1, e 2) two different basic diets were fed to 36 diary cows with addition of 1 or 2 kg of full fat soya beans (sb) or without sb for six weeks. the cows were fed individually. the basic diet consisted of 49% grass silage, 23% maize silage and 21% hay, supplemented with 7% manioc (% dm) in e 1 and of grass, supplemented with 2.0 kg maize silage, 3.0 kg hay and 1.5 kg manioc (kg dm/cow.d) in e 2. the basic diet used in e 1 and the grass in e 2 were offered ad libitum. further ...	1997	9735101
genomic organization and structure of alpha-hydroxynitrile lyase in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz).	two clones with homology to the alpha-hydroxynitrile lyase (hnl) cdna clone, mehnl10, were isolatedfrom a lambdaembl3 cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) genomic library. analysis of the sequences showed that both genomic clones contain hnl genes (mehnl4, mehnl24) which are interrupted by two introns. rt-pcr analysis of mehnl4 shows that it is expressed at high levels in seedling roots and at lower levels in cotyledons and young leaves. the deduced amino acid sequences of mehnl4, mehnl10, and meh ...	1998	9705200
functional organization of the cassava vein mosaic virus (csvmv) promoter.	cassava vein mosaic virus (csvmv) is a pararetrovirus that infects cassava plants in brazil. a promoter fragment isolated from csvmv, comprising nucleotides -443 to +72, was previously shown to direct strong constitutive gene expression in transgenic plants. here we report the functional architecture of the csvmv promoter fragment. a series of promoter deletion mutants were fused to the coding sequence of uida reporter gene and the chimeric genes were introduced into transgenic tobacco plants. p ...	1998	9700077
influence of dietary habits on thyroid status of a nomadic people, the bororo shepherds, roaming a central african region affected by severe iodine deficiency.	in contrast with the endemic goiter reported in several african countries, the nomadic bororos of the central african republic have an unexpectedly low prevalence of goiter. this study was conducted to elucidate this puzzling observation.	1998	9678536
[production of cassava whole meal (n. esculenta crantz) to prepare a feed for growing chicks. ii. evaluation of cassava whole meal in growing chicks].	about 50% of the raw materials used for poultry feeds are constituted of sorghum as a energy source. the purpose of this work was to evaluate the nutritional quality of a cassava whole meal (cwf: 61.2% and 38.8% of root and leaf flours, respectively) for growing chicks. the sorghum was partially substituted from a basal diet by 15, 30 and 45% of cwf. four diets based of sorghum, soybean meal and cwf were formulated. levels of 0.0, 8.6, 16.4 and 23.7% of cwf were included in the diets. white vant ...	1997	9673703
[production of cassava whole meal (n. esculenta crantz) to prepare a feed for growing chicks. i. chemical and nutritive characterization of leaves, roots and cassava whole meal].	cassava roots are frequently used as a energy source in feeds. the leaves due to their high fiber content, are not used in animal feeds despite they have a good content of protein and a balanced level of essential amino acids. the purpose of this research was to produce a cassava whole meal (cwf) with low content of fiber for using in chick feed. leaves and roots of cassava by separated, were dried at 60 degrees c for 20 h, ground in a hammermill and passed through a 60 mesh sieve. by this proce ...	1997	9673702
[the use of a multimix as a dietary supplement: study in rats].	a multimistura (mm)--sweet cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) leaf flour, wheat bran (tritium aestivum l.), egg shell powder, pumpkin (cucurbita spp) and sunflower (heliantus annus) seed flours--was added to a mixture of beans, 7% (phaseolus vulgaris) and rice, 3% (oryza sativa) and its effects, were assessed in weanling, male albino (wistar) rats (n = 60). animals were divided into 6 groups: groups 1, 2 and 3 were fed beans + rice + multimixture (b + r + mm), beans + rice (b + r) and 10% casein ...	1997	9673680
proabsorptive effects of modified tapioca starch as an additive of oral rehydration solutions.	partially hydrolyzed starches from staple cereals, obtained by heat or by enzymatic treatment, are often used in the formulation of homemade or extemporaneously used oral rehydration solutions used in developing countries. conflicting or anecdotal results obtained thus far could be clarified with a standardized preparation tested under well-controlled laboratory conditions.	1998	9669721
changes in food consumption in brazil.	changes in eating habits have occurred in the last decades in several countries associated to demographic, economic, social and epidemiologic factors. in brazil, the available data about food consumption are the result of family budget surveys undertaken by getúlio vargas foundation and ibge (brazilian institute of geography and statistics) in 1961/1963 and 1987/88, respectively, and the national study of family expenditure (endef), carried out by ibge during 1974/75. they reveal as principal te ...	1997	9659413
the defense-related rice gene pir7b encodes an alpha/beta hydrolase fold protein exhibiting esterase activity towards naphthol as-esters.	acquired resistance of rice to pyricularia oryzae, the causing agent of rice blast, can be induced by inoculation with the non-host pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. we have previously cloned a cdna and a corresponding gene (pir7b) whose transcripts accumulate upon infiltration with the resistance-inducing bacteria. the putative encoded product pir7b exhibits significant sequence similarity to two recently cloned hydroxynitrile lyases from manihot esculenta (cassava) and hevea brasisli ...	1998	9652390
cassava vein mosaic virus (csvmv), type species for a new genus of plant double stranded dna viruses?	the complete sequence of 8159 nucleotides of the double stranded dna genome of cassava vein mosaic virus (csvmv) was determined (# u59751) and revealed a significant difference in genome organization when compared with a previous report (# u20341). when transferred to cassava plants by microbombardment, the full length csvmv clone was infectious, confirming the genome organization here described. sequence comparisons between csvmv and members of the genera caulimovirus and badnavirus revealed hi ...	1998	9645200
nucleotide sequence and intergeminiviral homologies of the dna-a of papaya leaf curl geminivirus from india.	coat protein gene, rep protein gene and intergenic region of the genome of a whitefly transmitted geminivirus (wtg) causing severe leaf curl in papaya plants were pcr amplified, cloned and sequenced. comparison of the amino acid sequence of the putative coat protein product of papaya leaf curl virus (plcv) with some other mono and bipartite wtgs revealed a maximum of 89.8% homology with indian cassava mosaic virus. the genomic organization of plcv-india is similar to other wtgs with bipartite ge ...	1998	9635134
genetic transformation of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz).	genetic engineering can be used to complement traditional breeding methods in crop plant improvement. transfer of genes from heterologous species provides the means of selectively introducing new traits into crop plants and expanding the gene pool beyond what has been available to traditional breeding systems. the prerequisites for genetic engineering are efficient transformation and tissue culture systems that allow selection and regeneration of transgenic plants. cassava, an integral plant for ...	1996	9630981
regeneration of transgenic cassava plants (manihot esculenta crantz) from microbombarded embryogenic suspension cultures.	a protocol was established for the introduction of dna into embryogenic suspension-derived tissues of cassava via microparticle bombardment, for the selection of genetically transformed cells, and for the regeneration of fully transgenic plants from these cells. the plasmid dna used for bombardment contained a gene encoding neomycin phosphotransferase (nptii) and a gene encoding beta-glucuronidase (uida). selection of bombarded tissue with paromomycin resulted in the establishment of putative tr ...	1996	9630980
development of friable embryogenic callus and embryogenic suspension culture systems in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz)	procedures for the production of a new and highly prolific embryogenic culture system have been developed in cassava. the importance of the basal salts and type of auxin in controlling the development of cassava embryogenic tissues has been demonstrated, with culture on gresshoff and doy basal medium in the presence of 4-amino-3,5,6,trichloro-picolinic acid (picloram) inducing the formation of friable embryogenic callus from which highly totipotent embryogenic suspension cultures could be establ ...	1996	9630979
milestones in crop biotechnology--transgenic cassava and agrobacterium-mediated transformation of maize.		1996	9630970
dietary secondary amines and liver hepatoma in port harcourt, nigeria.	dietary secondary amines of some nigerian foodstuffs were analyzed by soxhlet extraction, using petroleum ether (b.p. 60-80 degrees c); followed by thin layer chromatography developed in a solvent system; n-butanol: 95% ethanol: water (4:2:1) for the qualitative test. each uv fluorescent band in the test chromatogram was scraped and eluted with distilled water, filtered and assayed for secondary amine content for the quantitative test. quantitative estimations were by the colorimetric methods. t ...	1997	9629865
soluble and insoluble fiber contents of some cameroonian foodstuffs.	as a result of the lack of reliable data on the fiber content of african foodstuffs, a study to determine the dietary fiber contents (soluble, insoluble and total) on a dry weight basis of a selected variety of major cameroonian foods was conducted. the influence of processing and preparation methods on the fiber content was also assessed. vegetables were found to be the richest source of total dietary fiber (57%), followed by legumes and seeds (30%) and fruits (16.5%). okro (hibiscus esculenta) ...	1997	9629860
beta-cyclodextrin production by simultaneous fermentation and cyclization.	production of beta-cyclodextrin (cd) with high-dextrose equivalent (de) starch hydrolysates by simultaneous fermentation and cyclization (sfc) gives higher yields than using only the enzyme cgtase, because fermentation eliminates glucose and maltose that inhibit cd production, while at the same time, produces ethanol that increases yield. a 10% (w/v) solution of cassava starch, liquefied with alpha-amylase, was incubated with cgtase using: only the enzyme, added ethanol (from 1 to 5%), and added ...	1998	9627399
recombination between viral dna and the transgenic coat protein gene of african cassava mosaic geminivirus.	nicotiana benthamiana was transformed with three different constructs (pcra1, pcra2 and pjc1) containing the coat protein coding sequence of african cassava mosaic virus (acmv). transformed plants were inoculated with a coat protein deletion mutant of acmv that induces mild systemic symptoms in control plants. several inoculated plants of transgenic lines cra1/3, cra1/4, cra2/1 and cra2/2 developed severe systemic symptoms typical of acmv. dna analysis revealed that, in these plants, recombinati ...	1998	9603342
improvement of garri quality by the inoculation of microorganisms into cassava mash.	lactobacillus delbruckii, lactobacillus coryneformis, and a saccharomyces sp., previously found among 214 isolates to be the highest producers of linamarase, amylase, and lysine were inoculated separately or mixed into cassava mash and fermented with, or without dewatering, for 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h. at the end of the fermentation period, the mash was converted to garri by heating over a gas burner. the mash and the garri resulting from it were assessed for lysine and residual cyanide, while ...	1998	9600609
[alternative foods: a critical analysis of a proposal for nutritional intervention]	the nationwide use of a 'multimixture' a formula based on alternative foods such as rice and/or wheat bran, sesame and squash seeds, cassava, beet and carrot leaves, several indigenous leafy vegetables, and ground egg shells has been proposed by the national institute of food and nutrition (inan) as an official solution to fight hunger among poor brazilians. the fragile nutritional state of the target population may make technical or ethical questions appear purely academic, yet nutritional, tox ...	1998	9592227
effect of maternal protein deficiency during pregnancy and lactation on the organic matrix composition of the bone and skin of the sucklings of rat.	effect of a staple nigerian diet comprising of cassava flour, vegetable soup and fish, and containing 10% protein on bone and skin organic matrix of the offspring of rats fed the diet during pregnancy and lactation was studied. two types of the diet were formulated. one contained 10% protein for the poor and the other 21% protein for the rich nigerians. the two types of diet were dried at 70 degrees c for 24 hrs and ground into powder so that the rat could consume it. laboratory rat chow was use ...	1996	9590888
influence of dietary factors on the ph and ammonia emission of slurry from growing-finishing pigs.	we investigated the effects of dietary factors on the ph and the ammonia emission from slurry of growing-finishing pigs. sixteen male hybrid pigs (80 to 90 kg bw) were allotted to one of four diets based on barley-wheat, tapioca, barley-tapioca, and sugar beet pulp. diets were formulated to have similar ne and cp contents and a similar lysine:ne ratio. diets differed in nonstarch polysaccharide content (nsp) and dietary electrolyte balance (deb). urine and feces were daily collected quantitative ...	1998	9581936
dietary composition and ovarian function among lese horticulturalist women of the ituri forest, democratic republic of congo.	to assess dietary composition in relation to energetic status and ovarian function.	1998	9578338
thermal and rheological properties and textural attributes of reduced-fat turkey batters.	currently, modified potato and tapioca starches are used as functional additives in formulating reduced- and low-fat frankfurters. however, cornstarches may serve as alternative sources for comminuted meat systems. meat batters formulated with ground turkey, 2% sodium chloride, 25% distilled-deionized water (ice), and 4% starch, including acid-thinned dent corn (atdc), cross-linked waxy maize (xlwm), cross-linked dent corn (xldc), modified potato (mp), acid-thinned dent corn with xanthan gum (at ...	1998	9565249
lipid content and essential fatty acid (efa) composition of mature congolese breast milk are influenced by mothers' nutritional status: impact on infants' efa supply.	to measure the lipid content and the fatty acid (fa) composition of breast milk as part of a nutritional survey of the essential fatty acid (efa) status of 5 months old congolese infants. design: cross sectional nutrition survey.	1998	9537300
cyanogenesis in cassava. the role of hydroxynitrile lyase in root cyanide production	in the cyanogenic crop cassava (manihot esculenta, crantz), the final step in cyanide production is the conversion of acetone cyanohydrin, the deglycosylation product of linamarin, to cyanide plus acetone. this process occurs spontaneously at ph greater than 5. 0 or enzymatically and is catalyzed by hydroxynitrile lyase (hnl). recently, it has been demonstrated that acetone cyanohydrin is present in poorly processed cassava root food products. since it has generally been assumed that hnl is pres ...	1998	9536038
treatment of cyanide-containing wastewater from the food industry in a laboratory-scale fixed-bed methanogenic reactor.	during the process of producing cassava starch from manihot esculenta roots, large amounts of cyanoglycosides were released, which rapidly decayed to cn- following enzymatic hydrolysis. depending on the varying cyanoglycoside content of the cassava varieties, the cyanide concentration in the wastewater was as high as 200 mg/l. to simulate anaerobic stabilization, a wastewater with a chemical oxygen demand (cod) of about 20 g/l was prepared from cassava roots and was fermented in a fixed-bed meth ...	1998	9534260
cariogenic [correction of carcinogenic] potential of a typical cassava flour from the amazonian region of brazil.	the purpose of this study was to compare the cariogenic potential of a typical cassava flour (cf) with sucrose and starch, using a severe cariogenic challenge model in rats. thirty wistar female pups with their dams (mutans streptococci free) were infected by streptococcus sobrinus 6715, desalivated when aged 25 days, and placed in a konig-hofer programmed feeder at age 26 days. they received 17 meals daily at hourly intervals for 21 days as follows: group (1) powdered plain sucrose and sterile ...	1997	9495154
cassava peels in the diet of young pigs in nigeria.	cassava tuber peels were analysed for their chemical composition. graded levels were included in the diets of young pigs in 2 separate experiments to determine their nutritive value for growth and their effect on carcass characteristics. cassava peels made up 11.8% of the tuber and contained 19.10 mj/kg, gross energy and 140.90 ppm free cyanide. in the first experiment, involving 40 individually fed pigs averaging 9.35 kg liveweight, levels of 0, 7.50, 15.0, 22.50 and 30.00% of cassava peels wer ...	1997	9493292
an ecological paradigm for a health behavior analysis of "konzo", a paralytic disease of zaire from toxic cassava.	konzo is an irreversible paralytic disease afflicting tens of thousands of women and children in rural zaire and throughout sub-sahara africa. the disease can occur where bitter, high-yield varieties of cassava that thrive in arid soils provide the basic nutritional staple. the paraparesis is related to upper motor neuron damage stemming from the consumption of insufficiently processed toxic cassava roots (manioc) and a diet poor in the sulfur-based amino acids necessary for the body to detoxify ...	1997	9447634
purification and properties of an alpha-amylase produced by a cassava-fermenting strain of micrococcus luteus.	an extracellular alpha-amylase produced by a cassava-fermenting strain of micrococcus luteus was purified 26-fold by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. the molar mass was estimated to be approximately 56 kda. the optimum temperature of the enzyme was 30 degrees c, optimum ph 6.0 and optimum substrate concentration was 0.6% (w/v). treatment of the enzyme at 70 degrees c for 10 min resulted in 70% loss of activity. the activation energy was determined to be 34.8 kj/mol. the activity o ...	1997	9438346
formation of circular satellite tobacco ringspot virus rna in protoplasts transiently expressing the linear rna.	the most abundant form of the satellite rna of tobacco ringspot virus (strsv rna) is a linear, unit length molecule of 359 nucleotide residues, designated l-(+)m. a postulated replication scheme for the satellite rna has as its first, and apparently virus-independent, step the ligation of l-(+)m into the corresponding circular form c-(+)m. we transiently expressed l-(+)m wild type and l-(+)m mutants in tobacco protoplasts using an african cassava mosaic geminivirus vector. measured extents of c- ...	1997	9434731
are the characteristics of betanidin glucosyltransferases from cell-suspension cultures of dorotheanthus bellidiformis indicative of their phylogenetic relationship with flavonoid glucosyltransferases?	uridine 5'-diphosphoglucose:betanidin 5-o- and 6-o-glucosyltransferases (5-gt and 6-gt; ec 2.4.1) catalyze the regiospecific formation of betanin (betanidin 5-o-beta-glucoside) and gomphrenin i (betanidin 6-o-beta-glucoside), respectively. both enzymes were purified to near homogeneity from cell-suspension cultures of dorotheanthus bellidiformis, the 5-gt by classical chromatographic techniques and the 6-gt by affinity dye-ligand chromatography using udp-glucose as eluent. data obtained with hig ...	1997	9431682
water-contact patterns and risk factors for schistosoma mansoni infection in a rural village of northeast brazil.	schistosomiasis mansoni in the serrano village, municipality of cururupu, state of maranhão, brazil, is a widely spread disease. the pece (program for the control of schistosomiasis), undertaken since 1979 has reduced the prevalence of s. mansoni infection and the hepatosplenic form of the disease. nevertheless piped water is available in 84% of the households, prevalence remains above 20%. in order to identify other risk factors responsible for the persistence of high prevalence levels, a cross ...	1997	9394521
long-term follow-up of konzo patients.	nine patients with konzo, a symmetric spastic paraparesis of acute onset that occurs during agricultural crises in cassava-growing areas, were re-examined after 14 years. konzo outbreaks are associated with eating insufficiently processed bitter cassava and a low intake of essential amino acids. bitter cassava contains cyanogenic glycosides; processing breaks them down to acetone cyanohydrin and hydrogen cyanide. this long-term follow-up showed that the neurological signs in konzo patients remai ...	1997	9373651
the contribution of moulds and yeasts to the fermentation of 'agbelima' cassava dough.	agbelima, a fermented cassava meal widely consumed in ghana, togo and benin, is produced by fermenting grated cassava with one of several types of traditional cassava dough inoculum. during fermentation a smooth textured sour dough is produced, the toxicity of cassava is reduced and there is a build up of volatile aroma compounds. four types of inocula were included in the present investigation. in one type moulds were found to form a dominant part of the microbiota, the species present being pe ...	1997	9351208
low-fat papadams from black gram-tapioca blends.	papadams, made from black gram (phaseolus mungo) and largely manufactured on cottage scale are popular in the indian dietary. escalating prices of black gram coupled with abundant availability of tapioca flour at almost 1/8th the price of black gram prompted the study of papadam characteristics using blends of black gram and tapioca flour. tapioca flour up to 25% substitution did not alter the sensory attributes. however, the expansibility of the product decreased on addition of tapioca flour; a ...	1997	9349443
extracellular polysaccharides from xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis interact with cassava cell walls during pathogenesis.	the location of lipopolysaccharides produced by xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis during pathogenesis on cassava (manihot esculenta) was determined by fluorescence and electron microscopy immunolabeling with monoclonal antibodies. during the early stages of infection, pathogen lipopolysaccharides were detected on the outer surface of the bacterial envelope and in areas of the plant middle lamellae in the vicinity of the pathogen. later in the infection process, lipopolysaccharide-specific ant ...	1997	9304855
morphology of starch digestion in the horse.	structure of starch in feed and chyme of horses (7 with a cannula at the caudal end of the jejunum and 2 with a cecal fistula) after feeding high starch diets (maize: whole, broken, ground, expanded and as silage, oats: whole, rolled or ground, rolled barley, raw potatoes, and tapioca) was investigated by light and electron microscopy. structure of feed starch and morphology or starch degradation in the chyme corresponded to data on preileal starch digestibility which was investigated in a paral ...	1997	9270343
evidence that dna-a of a geminivirus associated with severe cassava mosaic disease in uganda has arisen by interspecific recombination.	geminivirus isolates associated with the epidemic of severe cassava mosaic disease in uganda were studied and compared with virus isolates from the part of uganda outside the epidemic area, and with african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) and east african cassava mosaic virus (eacmv). isolates of a novel type [the uganda variant (ugv)] were detected in severely affected plants from the epidemic area, whereas those from plants outside the epidemic area were typical of acmv. the complete nucleotide se ...	1997	9267014
factors affecting phosphorus and calcium digestibility in diets for growing-finishing pigs.	in two experiments, we investigated various factors that affect the estimation of the apparent total tract digestibility (attd) of dm, ca, and total p in diets for growing-finishing pigs. in exp. 1, the effects of age, housing, and calculation method (indicator [cr2o3] vs 10-d total collection) were determined. eighteen barrows and gilts (40 to 95 kg bw) were housed in six pens, and attd was estimated using the indicator method. twelve barrows were housed in metabolic crates, and attd was estima ...	1997	9263061
enhancement of cyclodextrin production through use of debranching enzymes.	in the presence of a complexant and a debranching enzyme capable of cleaving alpha-(1-->6) linkages in alpha-d-glucans, bacillus mascerans cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (cgtase; ec 2.4.1.19) converted starch, maltodextrin and glycogen into cyclodextrin (cd) in yields higher than those obtainable in the absence of debranching enzyme. the extent of yield enhancement by pullulanase (ec 3.2.1.41; from enterobacter aerogenes) was dependent upon temperature, type of substrate (including source of st ...	1997	9262003
intake, digestion, and nitrogen utilization by sheep fed tropical legumes with contrasting tannin concentration and astringency.	we conducted an experiment to determine the effects of concentration and astringency of extractable and bound condensed tannins (ct) in tropical legumes on intake, digestibility, and nitrogen (n) utilization by sheep. the test legumes (desmodium ovalifolium and flemingia macrophylla) had similar concentrations of extractable ct (90 g/kg dm) but different concentrations of bound ct and astringency of tannins. chopped, sun-dried forage of each legume was sprayed with either water (control) or poly ...	1997	9250527
efficient whitefly transmission of african cassava mosaic geminivirus requires sequences from both genomic components.	clones of two subgroup iii geminiviruses, the common strain of tomato golden mosaic virus (cstgmv) and african cassava mosaic virus originating from kenya (acmv-k), were shown to be non-transmissible by whitefiles. lack of transmissibility of cloned acmv-k was investigated by exchanging genomic components with a whitefly-transmissible acmv isolate from nigeria (acmv-nog). neither pseudorecombinant was transmissible, indicating that defects in both genomic components contributed to the lack of tr ...	1997	9225057
a novel subviral agent associated with a geminivirus: the first report of a dna satellite.	numerous plant rna viruses have associated with them satellite (sat) rnas that have little or no nucleotide sequence similarity to either the viral or host genomes but are completely dependent on the helper virus for replication. we report here on the discovery of a 682-nt circular dna satellite associated with tomato leaf curl geminivirus (tlcv) infection in northern australia. this is the first demonstration that satellite molecules are not limited to rna viral systems. the dna satellite (tlcv ...	1997	9192696
purification and properties of two forms of glucoamylase from aspergillus niger.	a. niger produced alpha-glucosidase, alpha-amylase and two forms of glucoamylase when grown in a liquid medium containing raw tapioca starch as the carbon source. the glucoamylases, which formed the dominant components of amylolytic activity manifested by the organism, were purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange and two cycles of gel filtration chromatography. the purified enzymes, designated ga1 and ga2, a raw starch digesting glucoamylase, were found to have mo ...	1996	9138312
transactivation of dianthin transgene expression by african cassava mosaic virus ac2.	we have recently described a novel strategy for engineering resistance to african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) in transgenic nicotiana benthamiana plants using a virus-inducible promoter to control the expression of a plant ribosome-inactivating protein (rip) transgene (y. hong et al., virology 220, 119-127, 1996). here, we have used a potato virus x (pvx) vector to express the acmv transactivator protein, ac2, in planta. we confirm that amplification of rip activity in transgenic plants is media ...	1997	9123846
effect of bacterial galactosidase treatment on the nutritional status of soybean seeds and its milk derivative.	four field strains of lactobacillus plantarum (ls 4, 19, 21, 133) obtained from fufu (a semi-solid product obtained by boiling fermented cassava--manihot esculenta crantz) and a type strain dsm 2017 were grown on different carbon sources to induce galactosidase production. ls 21 produced the highest concentration of alpha- and beta-galactosidase with 0.28 mumol/l and 0.28 mumol/l respectively on lactose and galactose. milk obtained from soybean seeds treated with the enzyme mixture for 24 h show ...	1997	9113667
occurrence of mycotoxins in raw ingredients used for animal feeding stuffs in the united kingdom in 1992.	examination of 330 samples of animal feed ingredients for the presence of a number of mycotoxins has been carried out. these samples were drawn from 186 animal feed mills in the united kingdom. aflatoxin b1 was the mycotoxin found most frequently, occurring in most samples of rice bran, maize products, palm kernels and cottonseed, but not in only 3 out of 20 samples of sunflower, in 1 out of 20 samples of soya and in no samples of peas, beans or manioc. analytical difficulties were met with some ...	2015	9102349
influence of dietary factors on nitrogen partitioning and composition of urine and feces of fattening pigs.	an experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of dietary factors on the partitioning of nitrogen excretion and on the ph and composition of urine and feces of fattening pigs. sixteen male hybrid pigs of 80 to 90 kg bw were allotted to one of four diets: based on grains, by-products, grains plus tapioca, or grains plus sugar beet pulp. diets were formulated to have similar contents of ne and cp and a similar lysine:ne ratio. diets differed in nonstarch polysaccharide content (nsp) and ...	1997	9078486
[the effect of starch-rich single feed on the digestibility and the energy content of corn silage in cattle and sheep].	different starch components were added to rations with maize silage measuring the influence of the supplements on the digestibility and energy content of maize silage in cattle (n = 36) and sheep (n = 36). the starch-rich components maize, wheat, barley, oat, cassava meal and potato starch were added to the total rations on average of 33%. all supplements were ground (sieve of 2.5 mm); additionally, wheat was added in extruded or crushed form. all rations including the control ration without sta ...	1996	9065310