Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| metal ion transport and regulation in mycobacterium tuberculosis. | the regulation of metal ion concentrations is central to the physiology of the interaction between pathogenic bacteria and their hosts. apart from the nramp orthologue, mnth, metal ion transporters in mycobacterium tuberculosis have not been studied. mn, the physiological substrate of mnth in other bacteria, may play an important role as a structural and redox-active cofactor in a wide range of metabolic processes. fe, cu and zn play structural and catalytic roles in metalloenzymes involved in o ... | 2004 | 15353332 |
| leprous osteitis presenting as bone cyst and erosions. | a 30-year-old man presented to the hansen outpatient department with swelling and ulceration of toes for 2 months and swelling of the right fifth and fourth fingers and the left second finger for 1 month. in addition to skin lesions of lepromatous leprosy (subpolar type), there was nontender, non-fluctuant swelling of the right fifth and fourth fingers and left second finger. skin over the right fifth finger showed sinus-like openings with associated purulent discharge. he also had swelling and ... | 2004 | 15347499 |
| an update on the diagnosis and treatment of leprosy. | 2004 | 15337986 | |
| role of the polypeptide region of a 33kda mycobacterial lipoprotein for efficient il-12 production. | mycobacterium leprae lipoprotein, lpk, induced il-12 production from human monocytes. to determine the components essential for cytokine production and the relative role of lipidation in the activation process, we produced lipidated and non-lipidated truncated forms of lpk. while 0.5nm of lipidated lpk-a having n-terminal 60 amino acids of lpk produced more than 700pg/ml il-12 p40, the non-lipidated lpk-b having the same amino acids as that of lpk-a required more than 20nm of the protein to prod ... | 2004 | 15331324 |
| genes required for intrinsic multidrug resistance in mycobacterium avium. | genes required for intrinsic multidrug resistance by mycobacterium avium were identified by screening a library of transposon insertion mutants for the inability to grow in the presence of ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, and penicillin at subinhibitory concentrations. two genes, pks12 and maa2520, were disrupted in multiple drug-susceptible mutants. the pks12 gene (maa1979), which may be cotranscribed with a downstream gene (maa1980), is widely conserved in the actinomycetes. its ortholog in myco ... | 2004 | 15328105 |
| upregulation of t-cell-stimulating activity of mycobacteria-infected macrophages. | macrophages are one of the most abundant host cells to come in contact with mycobacteria. however, the infected macrophages less efficiently stimulate autologous t cells in vitro. we investigated the effect of the induction of phenotypic change of macrophages on the host cell activities by using mycobacterium leprae as a pathogen. the treatment of macrophages with interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma), gm-csf and interleukin-4 deprived macrophages of cd14 antigen expression but instead provided them with ... | 2004 | 15320885 |
| immune regulatory effect of phsp65 dna therapy in pulmonary tuberculosis: activation of cd8+ cells, interferon-gamma recovery and reduction of lung injury. | a dna vaccine based on the heat-shock protein 65 mycobacterium leprae gene (phsp65) presented a prophylactic and therapeutic effect in an experimental model of tuberculosis. in this paper, we addressed the question of which protective mechanisms are activated in mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected mice after immune therapy with phsp65. we evaluated activation of the cellular immune response in the lungs of infected mice 30 days after infection (initiation of immune therapy) and in those of uninf ... | 2004 | 15312144 |
| acyl-coa carboxylases (accd2 and accd3), together with a unique polyketide synthase (cg-pks), are key to mycolic acid biosynthesis in corynebacterianeae such as corynebacterium glutamicum and mycobacterium tuberculosis. | the corynebacterianeae such as corynebacterium glutamicum and mycobacterium tuberculosis possess several unique and structurally diverse lipids, including the genus-specific mycolic acids. although the function of a number of genes involved in fatty acid and mycolic acid biosynthesis is known, information relevant to the initial steps within these biosynthetic pathways is relatively sparse. interestingly, the genomes of corynebacterianeae possess a high number of accd genes, whose gene products ... | 2004 | 15308633 |
| epidemiological characteristics of leprosy reactions: 15 years experience from north india. | a retrospective analysis of patient's leprosy clinic records at pgimer, chandigarh, india for the period 1983 to 1998 was undertaken to study the frequency, time of onset, and risk factors for leprosy reactions. of the 2600 cases analyzed, 1494 were multibacillary and 1106 had paucibacillary disease. presentation with reaction was common with 30.9% of our patients having reactions at the time of first visit. the incidence of reversal reaction (rr) was highest during 6 to 12 months after starting ... | 2004 | 15301592 |
| neuropathic pain in leprosy patients. | the introduction of multidrug therapy by the world health organization has dramatically reduced the world prevalence of leprosy but the disease is still a public health problem in many countries, with a world prevalence of almost 600,000 cases in 2001. damage to peripheral nerves is a key component of leprosy and the sensory and motor loss that follows is the basis for many of the classical features of this disease, such as skin wounds, cracks, plantar ulcers, clawed hands, drop foot, and incomp ... | 2004 | 15301591 |
| single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) at -238 and -308 positions in the tnfalpha promoter: clinical and bacteriological evaluation in leprosy. | tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnfalpha) plays a key role in orchestrating the complex events involved in inflammation and immune response. the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) within the promoter region of the tnfa gene has been associated with a number of diseases. the aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of polymorphisms at positions -238 (g/a) and -308 (g/a) at the tnfalpha promoter, and its association to the outcome of different clinical forms of leprosy. f ... | 2004 | 15301589 |
| leprosy reactions: humoral and cellular immune responses to m. leprae, 65kda, 28kda, and 18 kda antigens. | this study examines the immune responses against some stress proteins of mycobacterium leprae in leprosy patients with and without leprosy reactions. leprosy patients showed a higher level of antibodies to all antigens compared to healthy controls. the antibody response to 18kda antigen was significantly higher in patients with type 1 reaction compared to those of tt or borderline patients without type 1 reaction, or those with type 2 reaction. borderline (bt/bl), lepromatous (ll) and patients w ... | 2004 | 15301588 |
| classification of leprosy: a full color spectrum, or black and white? | 2004 | 15301586 | |
| neuropathic pain in leprosy. | neuropathic pain appears to be much more common in leprosy than has been generally appreciated. emphasis in leprosy control programs has been on the distribution of multi-drug therapy, on early and better detection, and on the prevention of disability related to anesthetic limbs. most have thus been inattentive to the problem of neuropathic pain in leprosy patients. neuropathic pain does not respond to the usual analgesics employed for reactions, for example, and so it is important that those tr ... | 2004 | 15301584 |
| should large lesions of leprosy be considered as "multibacillary" for treatment purposes even if the total number of lesions is less than five? | 2004 | 15301583 | |
| improved protocol for pcr detection of mycobacterium leprae in buffered formalin-fixed skin biopsies. | 2004 | 15301582 | |
| end-stage renal disease in leprosy. | leprosy or hansen's disease (had) undoubtedly remains an emergency in certain countries. it is an ancient deforming disease caused by mycobacterium leprae. the countries with the highest endemic leprosy rate in 2000 were brazil, india and madagascar. in italy, the old epidemic has been defeated and there are approximately 400 patients under constant monitoring with three to four new cases per year involving italian residents. the kidney is one of the target organs during the splanchnic localizat ... | 2004 | 15293533 |
| characterization of three glycosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of the phenolic glycolipid antigens from the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. | mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium leprae, the two main mycobacterial pathogens in humans, produce highly specific long chain beta-diols, the dimycocerosates of phthiocerol, and structurally related phenolic glycolipid (pgl) antigens, which are important virulence factors. in addition, m. tuberculosis also secretes glycosylated p-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl esters (p-hbad) that contain the same carbohydrate moiety as the species-specific pgl of m. tuberculosis (pgl-tb). the genes involv ... | 2004 | 15292272 |
| leprosy accidentally transmitted from a patient to a surgeon in a nonendemic area. | 2004 | 15289237 | |
| involvement of c4 allotypes in the pathogenesis of human diseases. | the complement system is an important humoral defense mechanism that plays a relevant role against microbial agents, inflammatory response control, and immunocomplex clearance. classical complement pathway activation is antibody-dependent. the c4 component participates in the initial step of activation, and c4 expression is determined by 2 pairs of allotypes: c4a and c4b. deficiencies in c4 allotypes have been associated with several diseases. the aim of the present review is evaluate the report ... | 2004 | 15286835 |
| a strategy to improve the ml flow test for detection of anti-phenolic glycolipid-1 antibodies. | 2004 | 15282973 | |
| molecular detection of drug resistance in mycobacterium leprae. | 2004 | 15282962 | |
| isolated superficial peroneal nerve lesion in pure neural leprosy: case report. | patients with leprosy may have only nerve involvement without skin changes. these cases are known as pure neural leprosy and can be seen in 10% of leprosy patients. most patients have mononeuritic or multiple mononeuritic neuropathy patterns. the isolated lesion of the superficial peroneal nerve is uncommonly seen. we report a patient with involvement of this nerve in which there was no thickening of superficial nerves. the performed nerve biopsy showed inflammatory infiltration, loss of fibers ... | 2004 | 15273859 |
| patterns of intracellular cytokines in cd4 and cd8 t cells from patients with mycobacterial infections. | using a short-term bulk culture protocol designed for an intracellular-staining method based on a flow cytometry approach to the frequencies of cytokine-producing cells from tuberculosis and leprosy patients, we found distinct patterns of t cell subset expression. the method also reveals the profile of peak cytokine production and can provide simultaneous information about the phenotype of cytokine-producing cells, providing a reliable assay for monitoring the immunity of these patients. the imm ... | 2004 | 15273814 |
| differential production of interleukin-10 and interleukin-12 in mononuclear cells from leprosy patients with a toll-like receptor 2 mutation. | toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) is a key mediator of the immune response to mycobacterial infections, and mutations in tlr2 have been shown to confer susceptibility to infection with mycobacteria. this study investigated the profiles of cytokines, such as interferon (ifn)-gamma, interleukin (il)-10, il-12 and tumour necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha in response to mycobacterium leprae in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) with the tlr2 mutation arg677trp, a recently reported polymorphism that is as ... | 2004 | 15270740 |
| truncated structural variants of lipoarabinomannan in mycobacterium leprae and an ethambutol-resistant strain of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | current knowledge on the structure of lipoarabinomannan (lam) has resulted primarily from detailed studies on a few selected laboratory strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterium bovis bcg, and mycobacterium smegmatis. our previous work was the first to report on the salient structural features of m. tuberculosis clinical isolates and demonstrated significant structural variations. a prime effort is to correlate a particular structural characteristic with observed differences in elicit ... | 2004 | 15263002 |
| population survey to determine risk factors for mycobacterium leprae transmission and infection. | not every leprosy patient is equally effective in transmitting mycobacterium leprae. we studied the spatial distribution of infection (using seropositivity as a marker) in the population to identify which disease characteristics of leprosy patients are important in transmission. | 2004 | 15256520 |
| a study of relapse after mdt in a district in west bengal, india. | a study was undertaken to estimate the magnitude of the problem of relapse and to identify factors responsible for relapse in leprosy units that were delivering mdt in purulia district of west bengal. from records patients were classified as "relapse" or "not relapse". "not relapse" patients were selected by simple random sampling from the surveillance register and were matched according to age, sex, and the leprosy control unit. 128 cases ("relapse") and 128 controls ("not relapse") were interv ... | 2003 | 15253389 |
| mycobacterium leprae-induced demyelination: a model for early nerve degeneration. | the molecular events that occur at the early phase of many demyelinating neurodegenerative diseases are unknown. a recent demonstration of rapid demyelination and axonal injury induced by mycobacterium leprae provides a model for elucidating the molecular events of early nerve degeneration which might be common to neurodegenerative diseases of both infectious origin and unknown etiology. the identification of the m. leprae-targeted schwann cell receptor, dystroglycan, and its associated molecule ... | 2004 | 15245748 |
| leprosy in hiv infection: a study of three cases. | the course of leprosy in patients with hiv infection has been a controversial issue for a long time. it is still a matter of debate whether the hiv status of an individual has any impact on the natural history of leprosy and response to anti-leprosy treatment. we report here three hiv-positive leprosy cases (two bt and one bb) along with their cd4 counts and hiv staging with anti-leprosy therapeutic response. both bt cases responded well to conventional who mdt (pb) for 6 months, whereas the bb ... | 2003 | 15242274 |
| impact of integration of nlep into phc system in madurai district, tamil nadu, and status of integration of leprosy patients into the community. | based on the encouraging results of the integration in tamil nadu, the government of india introduced integration in the entire country. in this study on integration, madurai district was taken as the study area. the impact of integration on essential indicators of leprosy elimination was analyzed and the results are discussed so that they will be useful to other states that are still considering integration. | 2003 | 15242273 |
| leprosy situation in endemic states of india and prospects of elimination of the disease. | in india there is a dramatic fall in the prevalence rate (pr) of leprosy, but the new case-detection rate (ncdr) has not been reduced concomitantly. it is the operational efficiency of the national leprosy eradication programme (nlep) that has led to a significant reduction in the ncdr in andhra pradesh and tamil nadu. the ratio of pr to ncdr has been declining in these two states and it reveals that elimination could be reached even with the high ncdr level of 3 to 4 per 10000 population, parti ... | 2003 | 15242272 |
| oxidative stress and anti-oxidant status in leprosy patients. | severe oxidative stress has been reported in leprosy patients because of malnutrition and poor immunity. the purpose of this study was to investigate the serum lipid peroxidation products, serum ldh and important free radical scavenging enzymes, i.e. superoxide dismutase (sod), and catalase and anti-oxidant glutathione levels and total anti-oxidant status, in different types of leprosy patients. the subjects for this study were normal human volunteers (nhvs, n=14), paucibacillary leprosy patient ... | 2003 | 15242269 |
| relapses in multibacillary patients treated with multi-drug therapy until smear negativity: findings after twenty years. | the schieffelin leprosy research and training center at karigiri, india participated in several of the world health organization (who) trials. the first trial on combined therapy in multi-bacillary leprosy was initiated in 1981. the main objectives of this field trial were to evaluate the efficacy of who recommended regimens in preventing relapses, especially drug resistance relapses. this paper reports on the relapses twenty years after patients were inducted into the who field trial. between 1 ... | 2004 | 15217321 |
| design of the leprosy component of the brazilian bcg revaccination trial for assessing bcg effectiveness against leprosy in school children. | background: bcg vaccination confers protection against leprosy, and vaccination among household contacts has been recommended in brazil. nevertheless, vaccination of the entire community against leprosy is not advocated as leprosy has low incidence in most populations. despite that, in brazil, bcg vaccination is recommended among school children to prevent tuberculosis and this large scale vaccination may also affect the occurrence of leprosy, which led to investigations of its impact on leprosy ... | 2004 | 15217320 |
| il-10 treatment of macrophages bolsters intracellular survival of mycobacterium leprae. | in these studies, metabolically active mycobacterium leprae were maintained for as long as 8 weeks in monolayer cultures of mouse peritoneal macrophages (mphi). supplemental il-10, but not tgf-beta, bolstered, directly or indirectly, m. leprae metabolism in mouse mphi. in the cell culture system temperature setting is extremely important and 31 to 33 degrees c incubation temperature was more permissive than 37 degrees c. acid fast staining and transmission electron microscopy (tem) of intracellu ... | 2004 | 15217319 |
| leprosy patients with lepromatous disease have an up-regulated il-8 response that is unlinked to tnf-alpha responses. | tumor necrosis factor (tnf-alpha) in conjunction with interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) plays an important role in lymphocyte recruitment and granuloma formation in mycobacterial diseases. lepromatous leprosy infections are typically associated with low to absent t cell responses and the absence of inf-gamma secretion. chemokines such as il-8, mcp-1, and mip-1beta, have also been shown to recruit neutrophils and lymphocytes to the site of mycobacterial infections. we have studied il-8 expression in r ... | 2004 | 15217317 |
| active surveillance of leprosy contacts in country with low prevalence rate. | for advanced control of leprosy in pakistan where the world health organization leprosy elimination goal was achieved in 1996, we conducted surveillance of mycobacterium leprae-seropositive patients and their contacts and drug resistant strains of m. leprae. we measured anti-pgl-i antibody level in sera from leprosy patients and their contacts for early detection of m. leprae infection. out of 34 leprosy patients undergoing treatment, 4 lepromatous leprosy patients were antibody positive, and 6. ... | 2004 | 15217314 |
| lepromatous leprosy with extensive unusual ulcerations and cachexia. is it the first case of lucio's phenomenon from iran? | we report a 33-year-old iranian woman with widespread ulcerative lesions in the setting of lepromatous leprosy. we think that the sudden appearance of the characteristic necrotic lesions in the absence of fever and other systemic manifestation, and in accordance with epidermal necrosis and the presence of large numbers of afb in the endothelium are all in favor of the diagnosis of lucio's phenomenon for this patient. to our knowledge this is the first patient who may have had this phenomenon rep ... | 2004 | 15217312 |
| tissue-specific down-regulation of ripk 2 in mycobacterium leprae-infected nu/nu mice. | ripk 2 is adapter molecule in the signal pathway involved in toll-like receptors. however, there has been no reported association between receptor-interacting serine/threonine kinase 2 (ripk 2) expression and the infectious diseases involving mycobacterial infection. this study found that its expression was down-regulated in the footpads and skin but was up-regulated in the liver of mycobacterium leprae-infected nu/nu mice compared with those of the m. leprae non-infected nu/nu mice. it was obse ... | 2004 | 15203566 |
| tunel and limited immunophenotypic analyses of apoptosis in paucibacillary and multibacillary leprosy lesions. | some mycobacterial infections, such as tuberculosis, are characterized by apoptosis of infected or by-stander mononuclear immune cells. for localized (paucibacillary, pb) and disseminated (multibacillary, mb) leprosy, characterized by polarized th1-like vs. th2-like immune responses, respectively, little is known about lesional apoptosis. we analyzed sections of paraffin-embedded, untreated leprosy lesions from 21 patients by an indirect immunofluorescent terminal deoxynucleotide-transferase-med ... | 2004 | 15196577 |
| an in vitro model for the lepromatous leprosy granuloma: fate of mycobacterium leprae from target macrophages after interaction with normal and activated effector macrophages. | the lepromatous leprosy granuloma is a dynamic entity requiring a steady influx of macrophages (mphi) for its maintenance. we have developed an in vitro model to study the fate of mycobacterium leprae in a ll lesion, with and without immunotherapeutic intervention. target cells, consisting of granuloma mphi harvested from the footpads of m. leprae-infected athymic nu/nu mice, were cocultured with normal or ifn-gamma-activated (act) effector mphi. the bacilli were recovered and assessed for viabi ... | 2004 | 15187161 |
| genotypic variation and stability of four variable-number tandem repeats and their suitability for discriminating strains of mycobacterium leprae. | it has not been possible to distinguish different strains of mycobacterium leprae according to their genetic sequence. however, the genome contains several variable-number tandem repeats (vntr), which have been used effectively in strain typing of other bacteria. to determine their suitability for differentiating m. leprae, we developed pcr systems to amplify 5 different vntr loci and examined a battery of 12 m. leprae strains derived from patients in different regions of the united states, braz ... | 2004 | 15184434 |
| pitfalls in the cytological classification of borderline leprosy in the ridley-jopling scale. | this is a blinded, retrospective, correlative study of classification of leprosy by cytomorphology, clinical examination, and bacterial density. one hundred consecutive adequate aspirates from skin lesions of leprosy were studied. the ridley-jopling (r-j) five-group classification system was used. may-gruenwald-giemsa (mgg) and ziehl-neelsen (z-n) stains were employed. complete clinical, cytological, and bacteriological concordance was found in 88 patients. one-step mismatch in classification wa ... | 2004 | 15176024 |
| comparative analysis of b- and t-cell epitopes of mycobacterium leprae and mycobacterium tuberculosis culture filtrate protein 10. | culture filtrate protein 10 (cfp-10) from mycobacterium tuberculosis is a well-characterized immunodominant 10-kda protein antigen known to elicit a very potent early gamma interferon response in t cells from m. tuberculosis-infected mice and humans. the sequence of the mycobacterium leprae homologue of cfp-10 shows only 40% identity (60% homology) at the protein level with m. tuberculosis cfp-10 and thus has the potential for development as a t- or b-cell reactive antigen for specific diagnosis ... | 2004 | 15155617 |
| lepra vaccine. | 2004 | 15133399 | |
| [the estimation of protective efficacy of the fusion gene vaccine encoding tubercle antigen 85b and mpt64 in mice challenged with mycobacterium tuberculosis]. | to evaluate the protective efficacy of the fusion dna vaccine (am) encoding tubercle ag85b and mpt64 in mice infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis. | 2004 | 15130316 |
| leprosy and aids: two cases of increasing inflammatory reactions at the start of highly active antiretroviral therapy. | reported here are the cases of two hiv-positive patients with skin lesions suggestive of leprosy, based on clinical and pathological analysis, which worsened during the few weeks following initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy. the lesions improved after a few weeks of multidrug therapy for leprosy. mycobacterium leprae was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction analysis of blood in case 1 and of a biopsy sample in case 2. neither mycobacterium avium complex nucleic acid, which is u ... | 2004 | 15112073 |
| production and characterization of peptide mimotopes of phenolic glycolipid-i of mycobacterium leprae. | phenolic glycolipid-i (pgl-i), a mycobacterium leprae-specific antigen, has been widely used for the serodiagnosis of leprosy and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of leprosy. in an effort to produce an alternate antigen of pgl-i, the mimotope peptides of pgl-i, w(t/r)lgpy(v/m), were obtained using a monoclonal antibody, iii603.8, specific to pgl-i by a phage library. the biotin-labeled predominant mimotope peptide of pglp1, wtlgpyv, bound to iii603.8 in a dose-dependent manner in an immun ... | 2004 | 15094167 |
| incidence of acute nerve function impairment and reactions in leprosy: a prospective cohort analysis after 5 years of follow-up. | nerve function impairment (nfi) is the key outcome of the pathological processes of infection with mycobacterium leprae, which can continue after completion of multidrug therapy (mdt) and lead to disability after leprosy patients are released from treatment. the objective of this study was to assess the need for and duration of surveillance of nfi. | 2004 | 15082636 |
| leprosy. | leprosy remains an important health problem worldwide. the disease is caused by a chronic granulomatous infection of the skin and peripheral nerves with mycobacterium leprae. the clinical range from tuberculoid to lepromatous leprosy is a result of variation in the cellular immune response to the mycobacterium. the resulting impairment of nerve function causes the disabilities associated with leprosy. this review summarises recent advances in understanding of the biology of leprosy, clinical fea ... | 2004 | 15081655 |
| colorimetric microtitre plate hybridization assay for the detection of mycobacterium leprae 16s rrna in clinical specimens. | we have developed a colorimetric microtitre plate hybridization assay in order to simplify detection of mycobacterium leprae in clinical specimens. this system detects the products amplified by a sensitive rt-pcr assay targeting a species-specific sequence of the bacterial 16s rrna. the assay detected as few as 10 bacilli isolated from infected nude mouse lymph nodes or human skin biopsies. sensitivity for diagnosis of clinical specimens was assessed for 58 tissue biopsies from untreated leprosy ... | 2004 | 15072125 |
| [current management of hand leprosy]. | leprosy, a chronic infectious disease caused by mycobacterium leprae affects an estimated 700,000 persons each year. clinically, leprosy can be categorized as paucibacillary or multibacillary disease. leprosy is important largely because of the deformities, disabilities and handicap it causes in a proportion of those affected by the disease. there are surgical procedures and techniques to correct or limit the deterioration of these conditions. in the past these surgical procedures were only perf ... | 2004 | 15071961 |
| multiple polymorphic loci for molecular typing of strains of mycobacterium leprae. | the need for molecular tools for the differentiation of isolates of mycobacterium leprae, the organism that causes leprosy, is urgent in view of the continuing high levels of new case detection, despite years of aggressive chemotherapy and the consequent reduction in the prevalence of leprosy. the slow onset of leprosy and the reliance on physical examination for detection of disease have restricted the epidemiological tracking necessary to understand and control transmission. two genetic loci i ... | 2004 | 15071023 |
| effect of listeriolysin o-loaded erythrocytes on mycobacterium avium replication within macrophages. | to evaluate the efficacy of erythrocytes loaded with the haemolytic toxin listeriolysin o against mycobacterium avium replication within human macrophages. | 2004 | 15056645 |
| high expression of myeloid-related proteins 8 and 14 characterizes an inflammatorily active but ineffective response of macrophages during leprosy. | macrophages are decisive cells for the course of leprosy as they phagocytose mycobacterium leprae and have the potential to influence the specific immune response. expression and release of the myeloid-related protein (mrp) 8 and mrp14 (s100a8 and s100a9) characterize a proinflammatory subtype of macrophage that is prominent in, for example, murine infection with lack of a t helper 1 cell response and in certain highly active chronic inflammations of mice and humans. we investigated cutaneous bi ... | 2004 | 15056385 |
| immune profiling of leprosy and tuberculosis patients to 15-mer peptides of mycobacterium leprae and m. tuberculosis groes in a bcg vaccinated area: implications for development of vaccine and diagnostic reagents. | mycobacterium leprae (ml) groes has been shown to induce strong t cell responses in tuberculoid as well as in exposed healthy contacts of leprosy patients, and therefore this antigen has been the focus of study as a potential vaccine candidate. paradoxically, we have shown that ml groes also induces extremely high titres of igg1 antibody in leprosy patients across the disease spectrum, a response associated with disease progression. igg1 antibodies in leprosy also show a negative association wit ... | 2004 | 15056384 |
| pattern of bacillary clearance in multibacillary leprosy patients with multidrug therapy. | the bacteriological index (bi) of the skin smears is traditionally one of the important parameters of assessment of severity and of progress of leprosy under multidrug therapy. the present study reports on bi clearance among 578 multibacillary treated leprosy patients and the factors that influence this clearance. the patients were treated till smear negativity or for 2 years fixed duration and their skin smears periodically examined every 6 to 12 months till negativity (and even afterwards). we ... | 2003 | 15040703 |
| antibodies to diverse lipids in the serum of patients with clinically cured leprosy and tuberculosis. | in this study we looked for the presence of antibodies to cardiolipin, cerebrosides, and whole lipids extracted from m. leprae, m. tuberculosis and m. habana, in the serum of patients with clinically cured lepromatous leprosy (sixteen) or tuberculosis (sixteen), 8 to 12 months after arresting the corresponding multi-drug therapy (mdt). compared to healthy controls (sixteen), both leprosy and tuberculosis ex-patients had still significant levels of antibodies to the three mycobacterial lipids but ... | 2003 | 15040701 |
| [histoid leprosy with erythema nodosum leprosum]. | histoid leprosy is a particular variant of lepromatous leprosy presenting as cutaneous or subcutaneous nodular and/or plaque-like lesions arising form apparently normal skin. it is characterized histologically by spindle-shaped histiocytes in interlacing bundles and whorls, containing numerous intact and rod-shaped mycobacterium leprae. it can occur de novo or secondary in patients treated for a long course by dapsone alone. we describe a case of lepromatous leprosy treated according to the nati ... | 2003 | 15040700 |
| [global situation of leprosy and recent progress in molecular epidemiology of the disease]. | recent discovery of genetic diversity of mycobacterium leprae such as variable number of tandem repeats opened a new era in molecular epidemiology of leprosy infection. it was revealed that the leprosy bacillus in residential environment of endemic villages is an important source of infection. the global elimination strategy will be revised taking new molecular epidemiological knowledge into account. responsibility of leprosy specialist is to propose feasible control program to local administrat ... | 2004 | 15035066 |
| [ocular impairment in leprosy]. | leprosy causes several ocular disorders, and it also causes aftereffect with high frequency in various ways. primary impairment is the ocular disturbance caused with direct invasion of nerve and ocular tissue by mycobacterium leprae. secondary impairment is the complication of nerve paralysis and residual inflammation due to primary disorder. main work at japanese national leprosariums has been the control of primary and secondary impairment in recent years. clinical ophthalmic study in the lepr ... | 2004 | 15035065 |
| studies of lipoproteins of mycobacterium leprae. | the deciphering of the genomic sequence of mycobacterium leprae has made possible to predict the possible lipoproteins. the consensus sequence at the n-terminal region of the protein, including the cysteine residue to which the lipid moiety gets attached, provides a clue to the search. as such, more than 20 putative lipoproteins have been identified from mycobacterium leprae genomic sequence. lipoprotein lpk (accession no. ml0603) which encodes for 371 amino acid precursor protein, was identifie ... | 2004 | 15035064 |
| [molecular epidemiology of the leprosy]. | application of molecular biological techniques to the epidemiological study of leprosy is described. studies of detecting mycobacterium leprae dna in samples of the nasal mucus are discussed in terms of the epidemiology and the significance of high prevalence. epidemiological studies on the transmission of leprosy and correlation between geographic distribution of different m. leprae rpot genotypes and prehistoric spread of the leprosy by genotyping based on the genomic polymorphism are introduc ... | 2004 | 15035063 |
| leprosy. | 2003 | 15035038 | |
| nitrotyrosine localization to dermal nerves in borderline leprosy. | nerve damage is a common and disabling feature of leprosy, with unclear aetiology. it has been reported that the peroxidizing agents of myelin lipids-nitric oxide (no) and peroxynitrite-are produced in leprosy skin lesions. | 2004 | 15030344 |
| a retrospective study of clinico-histopathological correlation in leprosy. | leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by mycobacterium leprae and is characterized by well-recognized pathological changes. but there are various disagreement in clinical type and histological finding of leprosy. we observed highest parity in ll and tt group followed by histoid, bt, bl, bb, & indeterminate respectively. there was 10% minor disagreement (difference of one group) and 5% major disagreement (difference of two or more group). non-specific histological finding was present in ... | 2003 | 15027718 |
| comparative proteomics of the mycobacterium leprae binding protein myelin p0: its implication in leprosy and other neurodegenerative diseases. | mycobacterium leprae, the causative agent of leprosy invades schwann cells of the peripheral nerves leading to nerve damage and disfigurement, which is the hallmark of the disease. wet experiments have shown that m. leprae binds to a major peripheral nerve protein, the myelin p zero (p0). this protein is specific to peripheral nerve and may be important in the initial step of m. leprae binding and invasion of schwann cells which is the feature of leprosy. though the receptors on schawann cells, ... | 2004 | 15019586 |
| linkage analysis of susceptibility to leprosy type using an ibd regression method. | leprosy is a chronic disease caused by infection with mycobacterium leprae, which is manifested across a wide clinical spectrum. there is evidence that susceptibility both to leprosy per se and to the clinical type of leprosy is influenced by host genetic factors. this paper describes the application of an identity by descent regression search for genetic determinants of leprosy type among families from karonga district, northern malawi. suggestive evidence was found for linkage to leprosy type ... | 2004 | 15014432 |
| zpicture: dynamic alignment and visualization tool for analyzing conservation profiles. | comparative sequence analysis has evolved as an essential technique for identifying functional coding and noncoding elements conserved throughout evolution. here, we introduce zpicture, an interactive web-based sequence alignment and visualization tool for dynamically generating conservation profiles and identifying evolutionarily conserved regions (ecrs). zpicture is highly flexible, because critical parameters can be modified interactively, allowing users to differentially predict ecrs in comp ... | 2004 | 14993211 |
| langerhans cells utilize cd1a and langerin to efficiently present nonpeptide antigens to t cells. | langerhans cells (lcs) constitute a subset of dcs that initiate immune responses in skin. using leprosy as a model, we investigated whether expression of cd1a and langerin, an lc-specific c-type lectin, imparts a specific functional role to lcs. lc-like dcs and freshly isolated epidermal lcs presented nonpeptide antigens of mycobacterium leprae to t cell clones derived from a leprosy patient in a cd1a-restricted and langerin-dependent manner. lc-like dcs were more efficient at cd1a-restricted an ... | 2004 | 14991068 |
| cd1a and langerin: acting as more than langerhans cell markers. | langerhans cells (lcs) represent a unique dc subset populating the outermost body surface, i.e., the epidermis. although cd1a and langerin (cd207) are used as specific markers to distinguish lcs from other dc subsets, their immunological functions have remained mostly unknown. a new paper (see the related article beginning on page 701) demonstrates that lcs utilize these markers to induce cellular immune responses to mycobacterium leprae: cd1a mediates the presentation of nonpeptide antigens to ... | 2004 | 14991060 |
| the genetics of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection. | the molecular aetiology of familial susceptibility to disseminated mycobacterial disease, usually involving weakly pathogenic strains of mycobacteria, has now been elucidated in more than 30 families. mutations have been identified in five genes in the interleukin-12-dependent interferon-gamma pathway, highlighting the importance of this pathway in human mycobacterial immunity. knowledge derived from the study of these rare patients contributes to our understanding of the immune response to comm ... | 2003 | 14987409 |
| expression of costimulatory molecules (cd80, cd86, cd28, cd152), accessory molecules (tcr alphabeta, tcr gammadelta) and t cell lineage molecules (cd4+, cd8+) in pbmc of leprosy patients using mycobacterium leprae antigen (mlcwa) with murabutide and t cell peptide of trat protein. | in leprosy, cell-mediated immunity (cmi) is more significant than humoral response to eliminate intracellular pathogen. t cell defect is a common feature in lepromatous leprosy (ll) patients as compared to tuberculoid type (tt) patients. for efficient initiation of cd4+, t cell response requires t cell receptor (tcr) activation and costimulation provided by molecules on antigen-presenting cells (apc) and their counter receptors on t cells. in our previous study, the defective t cell function in ... | 2004 | 14975355 |
| a case study in hansen's disease acquired after heart transplant. | hansen's disease, leprosy, is a chronic infectious disease caused by the acid-fast bacillus mycobacterium leprae. there are multiple forms of the disease ranging from the relatively benign to the progressive, malignant lepromatous leprosy. there is effective antimicrobial treatment available that is capable of curing the disease. we report the case of a post heart transplant patient acquiring hansen's disease. | 2004 | 14974527 |
| establishment of a functional genomics platform for leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli. | leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli, the causal agent of ratoon stunting disease in sugarcane, is a xylem-limited, nutritionally fastidious, slow growing, gram-positive coryneform bacterium. because of the difficulties in growing this bacterium in pure culture, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis. currently, the genome sequence of l. xyli subsp. xyli is being completed by the agronomical and environmental genomes group from the organization for nucleotide sequencing and analysi ... | 2004 | 14964531 |
| behavior of leprosy bacilli implanted in various liquid media by means of slide culture method. | 1952 | 14958407 | |
| [comparison of histologic lesions induced in white rat by inoculation with hansen's bacillus and various other acid-fast bacilli]. | 1952 | 14952915 | |
| [electron microscopic investigations on the action of medical treatment on morphology of mycobacterium leprae]. | 1952 | 14942572 | |
| study of the morphology of mycobacterium leprae under the electron miscroscope. | 1952 | 14927246 | |
| the infectiousness of murine leprosy bacilli after exposure to different conditions in vitro. | 1952 | 14927244 | |
| a demonstration of mycobacterium leprae by electron microscopy. | 1952 | 14927242 | |
| [affinity to dyes of hansen's and stefanski's bacteria]. | 1951 | 14925726 | |
| a note on the morphological changes in the mycobacterium leprae under sulphone therapy. | 1951 | 14889912 | |
| the cultivation and morphological study of a pleomorphic organism from the blood of leprosy patients. | 1951 | 14873385 | |
| [investigation on the morphology of mycobacterium leprae with the electron microscope]. | 1951 | 14866438 | |
| [bacteriology of leprosy]. | 1951 | 14865303 | |
| [inoculation of rainbow perch (eupomotis gibbosus) with hansen's and stefansky's bacilli]. | 1951 | 14865001 | |
| contributions to the study on cultivation of leprosy bacilli; a re-examination of prof. nakamura's method and on the behavior of bacilli implanted in various nutrient liquid media with some accessory substances. | 1950 | 14845726 | |
| [tinctorial affinities of the mycobacterium tuberculosis avium (macchiavello's method) as compared to mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterium leprae hansen and stefansky]. | 1951 | 14830972 | |
| macro-array and bioinformatic analyses reveal mycobacterial 'core' genes, variation in the esat-6 gene family and new phylogenetic markers for the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. | to better understand the biology and the virulence determinants of the two major mycobacterial human pathogens mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium leprae, their genome sequences have been determined recently. in silico comparisons revealed that among the 1439 genes common to both m. tuberculosis and m. leprae, 219 genes code for proteins that show no similarity with proteins from other organisms. therefore, the latter 'core' genes could be specific for mycobacteria or even for the intra ... | 2004 | 14766927 |
| genotyping of mycobacterium leprae on the basis of the polymorphism of ttc repeats for analysis of leprosy transmission. | the polymorphism of ttc repeats in mycobacterium leprae was examined using the bacilli obtained from residents in villages at north maluku where m. leprae infections are highly endemic (as well as from patients at north sulawesi of indonesia) to elucidate the possible mode of leprosy transmission. ttc genotypes are stable for several generations of passages in nude mice footpads and, hence, are feasible for the genotyping of isolates and epidemiological analysis of leprosy transmission. it was f ... | 2004 | 14766846 |
| a brief history of the discovery of natural simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) infections in captive sooty mangabey monkeys. | experimental leprosy studies using mycobacterium leprae inoculum isolated from a sooty mangabey monkey (smm) resulted in the accidental discovery that smm's asymptomatically carry simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) that is pathogenic in macaques. we showed that the smm virus, sivdelta, was antigenically related to sivmac, which had been identified in macaques, and to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). similar asymptomatic natural siv infections had been reported in african green monkeys (a ... | 2004 | 14766361 |
| long-term efficacy of 2 year who multiple drug therapy (mdt) in multibacillary (mb) leprosy patients. | relapse rate estimates after 2 year who multiple drug therapy (mdt) in multi-bacillary (mb) leprosy vary. between 1987 and 1994, 500 mb leprosy patients completing 2 year mdt were enrolled in a prospective relapse study. the majority of patients (n = 316) were treated and followed at the physician-staffed cebu skin clinic (csc), whereas others (n = 184) received therapy from government clinics and were followed by csc technicians in the field. relapse definition was an increased bacteriologic in ... | 2003 | 14763888 |
| mechanisms involved in peripheral nerve damage in leprosy with special reference to insights obtained from in vitro studies and the experimental mouse model. | the histopathological observations of khanolkar and iyer, that m. leprae has a predeliction for nerves, first highlighted the central role of peripheral nerves in the pathology of leprosy. it is now well recognized that nerve damage in leprosy will still continue to be an important problem in control and rehabilitation despite the presence of more efficient therapy. the multiplicity of mechanisms postulated, identified, and demonstrated in the last three decades has received little recognition f ... | 2003 | 14763884 |
| leprosy (hansen's disease). | leprosy (hansen's disease) causes the most common treatable form of neuropathy in the world. several endemic countries account for the majority of the world's cases and most of the cases seen in the us are amongst immigrants. however, endemic cases of leprosy occur in the us. the pathogen is mycobacterium leprae, a slow-growing, obligate intracellular pathogen that consistently infects skin and peripheral nerves. the clinical appearance of the skin and neurologic deficits develop months to years ... | 2004 | 14759342 |
| [hypopigmented cutaneous lesions in a black immigrant]. | 2004 | 14746759 | |
| susceptibility to leprosy is associated with park2 and pacrg. | leprosy is caused by mycobacterium leprae and affects about 700,000 individuals each year. it has long been thought that leprosy has a strong genetic component, and recently we mapped a leprosy susceptibility locus to chromosome 6 region q25-q26 (ref. 3). here we investigate this region further by using a systematic association scan of the chromosomal interval most likely to harbour this leprosy susceptibility locus. in 197 vietnamese families we found a significant association between leprosy a ... | 2004 | 14737177 |
| expression of protein gene product 9.5 in lepromatous eyes showing ciliary body nerve damage and a "dying back" phenomenon in the posterior ciliary nerves. | peripheral nerve destruction is the hallmark of leprosy. ocular complications form a substantial part of the clinical manifestations but histopathology of nerve destruction within ocular structures has not been shown satisfactorily. the role of protein gene product (pgp) 9.5 in identifying nerve destruction in the ciliary body and posterior ciliary nerves of lepromatous eyes is shown. | 2004 | 14736767 |
| eureka moments. | 2003 | 14725195 |