Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| characterization of an iron-regulated promoter involved in desferrioxamine b synthesis in streptomyces pilosus: repressor-binding site and homology to the diphtheria toxin gene promoter. | desferrioxamine b is the main siderophore of streptomyces pilosus. its production is induced in response to iron limitation. two genes involved in desferrioxamine production have been cloned and were found to be translated from a polycistronic mrna that is produced only under conditions of iron limitation (t. schupp, c. toupet, and m. divers, gene 64:179-188, 1988). here we report the nucleotide sequence of the desferrioxamine (des) operon promoter region. the transcriptional start site was loca ... | 1993 | 8501033 |
| coagglutination for rapid testing of toxin producing corynebacterium diphtheriae. | coagglutination test was standardised for rapid detection of diphtheria toxin after primary culture of c. diphtheriae isolates on conventional loeffler's medium. the procedure was optimised with diphtheria toxoid (dt)-antidiphtheritic serum (ads) system wherein cowan-i strain of staphylococcus aureus was sensitised with ads. toxoid in the range of 1.02 lf/ml to 4200 lf/ml could be detected by the present procedure. toxin of c. diphtheriae could be demonstrated in five of eight clinical isolates, ... | 1993 | 8486407 |
| in-vitro activity of dirithromycin in comparison with other new and established macrolides. | improvements with regard to the in-vitro activity of new macrolides are marginal and apply mainly to haemophilus spp., moraxella catarrhalis and neisseria gonorrhoeae (e.g. azithromycin is two to eight times more active than erythromycin) and to non-enterococcal streptococci (e.g. clarithromycin is two to four times more active than erythromycin). the increase in activity against staphylococci is even less striking, being restricted to a few species and limited to clarithromycin (twice as active ... | 1993 | 8478311 |
| septic arthritis due to corynebacterium diphtheriae. | 1993 | 8452961 | |
| fatal respiratory disease due to corynebacterium diphtheriae: case report and review of guidelines for management, investigation, and control. | dramatic reductions in the incidence of diphtheria and high levels of childhood vaccination in recent decades have led the united states to establish the goal of diphtheria elimination among persons < or = 25 years of age by the year 2000. in 1990, an unimmunized 25-month-old child died of respiratory diphtheria in dade county, florida, before treatment with diphtheria antitoxin could be instituted. twenty-three asymptomatic household contacts and other close contacts of the child were identifie ... | 1993 | 8448320 |
| infective endocarditis due to nontoxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae: report of seven cases and review. | we report seven cases of endocarditis due to nontoxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae that occurred between october 1990 and september 1991. the patients all lived in the state of new south wales, australia. three patients had preexisting cardiac abnormalities, and one patient used intravenous drugs regularly. the other three patients had no known risk factors for endocarditis. notable clinical features were the aggressive nature of the infection, the occurrence of septic arthritis in four patie ... | 1993 | 8443306 |
| the role of proline 345 in diphtheria toxin translocation. | diphtheria toxin (dt) can translocate across endosomal membranes in response to low ph. buried hydrophobic domains localized in the 37-kda toxin b chain become exposed in response to acidic conditions and are thought to participate in the membrane translocation process. the crystal structure of dt has revealed a structurally distinct translocation domain composed of nine alpha-helices with their interconnecting loops (choe, s., bennett, m., fujii, g., curmi, p., kantardjieff, k., collier, r., an ... | 1993 | 8429026 |
| use of synthetic peptides and site-specific antibodies to localize a diphtheria toxin sequence associated with adp-ribosyltransferase activity. | diphtheria toxin (dt) and pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin a have the same molecular mechanism of toxicity; both toxins adp-ribosylate a modified histidine residue in elongation factor 2. to help identify amino acids involved in this reaction, sequences in dt that share homology with p. aeruginosa exotoxin a were synthesized and examined for a role in the adp-ribosyltransferase reaction. by using this approach, residues 32 to 54 of dt were found to define an epitope associated with antibody-media ... | 1993 | 8423159 |
| analysis of diphtheria toxin repressor-operator interactions and characterization of a mutant repressor with decreased binding activity for divalent metals. | the diphtheria toxin repressor (dtxr) is an fe(2+)-activated protein with sequence-specific dna-binding activity for the diphtheria toxin (tox) operator. under high-iron conditions in corynebacterium diphtheriae, dtxr represses toxin and siderophore biosynthesis as well as iron uptake. dtxr and a mutant repressor with his-47 substituted for arg-47, designated dtxr-r47h, were purified and compared. six different divalent cations (cd2+, co2+, fe2+, mn2+, ni2+, and zn2+) activated the sequence-spec ... | 1993 | 8412663 |
| the dna sequence and minimal replicon of the corynebacterium glutamicum plasmid psr1: evidence of a common ancestry with plasmids from c. diphtheriae. | the complete nucleotide sequence of psr1, a 3 kb multicopy cryptic plasmid from corynebacterium glutamicum atcc 19223 has been determined. psr1 is unrelated to the 4.4 kb brevibacterium lactofermentum plasmid pbl1 and shows no dna sequence conservation with plasmids from staphylococcus. transposon insertion and deletion mutants located the minimal replicon to within a 2.1 kb ncoi-bcli restriction fragment. this region contains a single large open reading frame, orf2, flanked at the 5' end by a s ... | 1993 | 8409918 |
| [a serological survey on antibodies to polio, measles, diphtheria and tetanus in yichang human population]. | a serological survey on antibodies to polio, measles, diphtheria and tetanus in 1444 normal people in yichang city is reported. the positive rates and geometric mean titres (gmt) of neutralizing antibodies to polio types 1-3 were 95.00%, 93.61%, 94.17% and 103.57, 94.61, 83.80, respectively. antibody to diphtheria had higher level (gmt = 0.0829 iu/ml). antibodies to tetanus in child-bearing women had the lowest level (gmt = 0.0014 iu/ml). there was a significant positive correlation between the ... | 1993 | 8394775 |
| simultaneous administration of a diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine with measles-mumps-rubella and oral poliovirus vaccines. | to compare the safety and immunogenicity of lederle laboratories' (pearl river, ny) diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis (dtap) vaccine with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and whole-cell pertussis (dtwp) vaccine when administered simultaneously with measles-mumps-rubella (mmr) vaccine and trivalent oral poliovirus (opv) vaccine at 15 to 16 months of age. | 1993 | 8394646 |
| [can the isolation of nontoxigenic strains of corynebacterium serve as a basis for establishing a diagnosis of diphtheria?]. | it is suggested that isolation of nontoxigenic strains of diphtheria corynebacteria is a bacteriological proof of the diagnosis. underestimation of the epidemiological situation, presence of nontoxigenic corynebacteria in a patient with angina may result in fatal errors. | 1993 | 8379128 |
| cysteine-102 is positioned in the metal binding activation site of the corynebacterium diphtheriae regulatory element dtxr. | dna sequence analysis of dtxr has shown that the m(r) 25,316 regulatory protein contains a single cysteine residue at position 102. dtxr readily forms inactive disulfide-linked dimers. we have used saturation site-directed mutagenesis of the cysteine codon (tgc) at position 102 in order to determine the role of this residue in metal ion binding. we show that the insertion of amino acids other than cysteine or aspartic acid into this position abolishes dtxr function both in vitro and in recombina ... | 1993 | 8378326 |
| chromatographic and mass spectrometric characterization of 3-o-benzoyl methyl ester derivatives of mycolic acid fractions from corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, c. diphtheriae and rhodococcus rhodochrous. | a benzoyl group was attached to the 3-hydroxyl group of the methyl ester derivative of corynomycolic acid fraction isolated from corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. the infrared spectrum of the 3-o-benzoylated compound displayed a series of characteristic absorptions found at 1110, 1267 and 1603 cm-1 that confirmed the presence of a monosubstituted phenyl grouping. the 1h-nmr spectrum showed peaks representing protons of the aromatic ring at 7.4 ppm and 8.0 ppm. the uv spectrum revealed two abso ... | 1993 | 8358854 |
| [the modification of a nutrient medium for determining the toxigenicity of corynebacterium diphtheriae]. | the nutrient medium has been developed on the basis of home components to determine toxigenicity of corynebacterium diphtheriae using the biological method of diphtheria diagnosis. the advantage of the proposed nutrient medium is independence of delivers of commercial dry nutrient agar from dagestan research institute of nutrient media. | 1993 | 8355637 |
| [the use of the polymerase chain reaction method in studying the causative agents of diphtherial infection]. | a method for identification of genomic polymorphism of strains belonging to different biovars corynebacterium diphtheriae has been described. the method is based on the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using universal inter-species oligonucleotide primer n 45. using this method 17 strains of c. diphtheria, isolated in the western region of ukraine during epidemic activity in 1992, were studied. the study has shown high similarity of pcr patterns of toxicogenic and non-toxicogenic strains of both ... | 1993 | 8355630 |
| invasive disease caused by multiple clones of corynebacterium diphtheriae. | 1993 | 8353236 | |
| biosynthesis of a novel 3-oxo-2-tetradecyloctadecanoate-containing phospholipid by a cell-free extract of corynebacterium diphtheriae. | we have isolated, purified, and identified by chemical analyses and mass spectrometry, a novel 3-oxo-2-tetradecyloctadecanoate (dehydrocorynomycolate)-containing phospholipid (pl-1) from the chloroform-methanol extract of corynebacterium diphtheriae. this phospholipid was separated from all of the other known dehydrocorynomycolate and 3-hydroxy-2-tetradecyloctadecanoate (corynomycolate)-containing lipids and found to be unstable even at -20 degrees c. it was present in trace amounts as a homolog ... | 1993 | 8343537 |
| bacterial arthritis caused by corynebacterium diphtheriae. | 1993 | 8284128 | |
| laboratory review of reference strains of corynebacterium diphtheriae indicates mistyped intermedius strains. | all biotyped strains of corynebacterium diphtheriae from the american type culture collection (atcc) were compared for morphology and biochemical reactions. biotypes of all gravis strains and most mitis strains were confirmed, but intermedius strains were found to be misclassified. new lipid-dependent intermedius strains have been deposited with the atcc. | 1993 | 8263202 |
| polymerase chain reaction assay for diagnosis of potentially toxinogenic corynebacterium diphtheriae strains: correlation with adp-ribosylation activity assay. | we have developed a polymerase chain reaction assay for the clinical diagnosis of potentially toxinogenic strains of corynebacterium diphtheriae, the causative agent of diphtheria. a 910-bp amplification product, overlapping a dna portion encoding both fragments of the diphtheria toxin, has been found in 28 among the 36 strains tested. in addition, effective toxin production, as evidenced by the ability of bacterial culture supernatants to adp ribosylate eukaryotic elongation factor 2, was deter ... | 1993 | 8253972 |
| septic arthritis due to a nontoxigenic strain of corynebacterium diphtheriae subspecies mitis. | 1993 | 8218708 | |
| [non toxic corynebacterium diphtheriae endocarditis. a case]. | 1994 | 8208712 | |
| the role of aluminium for adverse reactions and immunogenicity of diphtheria-tetanus booster vaccine. | in a randomized, double-blind clinical trial, 235 schoolchildren aged 10 years received either a regular, aluminium-adsorbed diphtheria-tetanus vaccine or the same vaccine in fluid form, in order to investigate if local side effects could be diminished by exclusion of aluminium. system reactions were rare and local reactions frequent in both groups but larger local reactions were even more pronounced in the non-adsorbed vaccine group. antibody responses to both vaccines were excellent and even s ... | 1994 | 8193494 |
| characterization of mutations that inactivate the diphtheria toxin repressor gene (dtxr). | the diphtheria toxin repressor (dtxr) is an iron-dependent regulator of diphtheria toxin production and iron uptake in corynebacterium diphtheriae. it is activated in vitro by divalent metal ions including fe2+, cd2+, co2+, mn2+, ni2+, and zn2+. we characterized 20 different mutations in dtxr induced by bisulfite mutagenesis, 18 of which caused single-amino-acid substitutions in dtxr and two of which were chain-terminating mutations. six of the amino acid replacements were clustered between resi ... | 1994 | 8168920 |
| immunity to diphtheria in adults in england. | 1994 | 8148699 | |
| topology of diphtheria toxin b fragment inserted in lipid vesicles. | diphtheria toxin (dt) is a bacterial protein that crosses the membrane of endosomes of target cells in response to the low endosomal ph. in this paper, we have inserted diphtheria toxin in asolectin vesicles at ph 5.0 and treated the reconstituted system with pronase. the peptides that were protected from digestion were separated by gel electrophoresis, transferred to a membrane and their n-terminal sequences were determined. all peptides belong to the b fragment of dt and cover residues 194-223 ... | 1994 | 8145645 |
| [diphtheria--isolation of an endemic corynebacterium diphtheriae strain in southern lower saxony]. | after decades of only limited epidemiological and clinical importance diphtheria (especially of the upper respiratory tract) is regaining increasing interest of public health officials, as recent case reports in national and international publications clearly demonstrate. in march 1993 we observed a case of tracheobronchial corynebacterium diphtheriae mitis infection in a 66-year old man from the south of lower saxony with clinical presentation of mucopurolent exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. ... | 1993 | 8111165 |
| corynebacterium diphtheriae endocarditis in france. | 1993 | 8110941 | |
| cloning, sequence, and footprint analysis of two promoter/operators from corynebacterium diphtheriae that are regulated by the diphtheria toxin repressor (dtxr) and iron. | dtxr is an iron-dependent sequence-specific dna-binding protein that binds to the tox operator, an inverted-repeat nucleotide sequence located upstream from the diphtheria toxin gene. in this study, two additional iron-regulated promoter/operator sequences (irp1 and irp2) that are controlled by dtxr were cloned from the chromosome of corynebacterium diphtheriae and characterized. operon fusions to lacz were used to analyze expression from irp1 and irp2 in escherichia coli. transcription from bot ... | 1994 | 8106325 |
| diphtheria and travel. | 1993 | 8101955 | |
| non-toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae var gravis in england. | 1993 | 8099660 | |
| non-toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae in military personnel. | 1993 | 8096897 | |
| [the vaccinal prevention of diphtheria and tetanus in children suffering from bronchial asthma and asthmatic bronchitis]. | the course of the vaccinal process was studied in 69 children with bronchial asthma and asthmatic bronchitis after the injection of adsorbed diphtheria-tetanus (dt) toxoid with reduced antigen content. after immunization all these children were found to form protective levels of anti-diphtheritic and antitetanus antibodies irrespective of the severity and duration of the remission of the main disease prior to vaccination; at the same time no obstructive changes in bronchial ventilation were obse ... | 1993 | 8067097 |
| a fatal case of diphtheria. | a fatal case of diphtheria occurred in a nonimmunized child. the child died because of the late diagnosis of the disease, which is now extremely rare. | 1994 | 8065997 |
| nontoxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae isolated from intravenous drug users. | during a prospective study 117 intravenous drug users were screened for infection with corynebacterium diphtheriae. nontoxigenic c. diphtheriae was found in 5 of 132 throat swab specimens and in 5 of 28 skin ulcer specimens taken from july 1991 to april 1992. when phenotypic and molecular typing methods were used, these 10 strains were shown to belong to a single clone. during the same period no strain was isolated from 200 controls. clinical manifestations of infection were not clearly attribut ... | 1994 | 8054440 |
| identification of a single amino acid substitution in the diphtheria toxin a chain of crm 228 responsible for the loss of enzymatic activity. | crm 228 (t. uchida, a. m. pappenheimer, and r. greany, j. biol. chem. 248:3838-3844, 1973), a mutant form of diphtheria toxin which completely lacks adp-ribosyltransferase activity, contains five amino acid substitutions. the two amino acid changes that fall within the a chain of the toxin (g79d and e162k) were separately analyzed by substituting a variety of other amino acids at these sites. the substitution at position 79 (g79d) singularly appears to account for the loss of enzymatic activity ... | 1994 | 8045910 |
| polymerase chain reaction for screening clinical isolates of corynebacteria for the production of diphtheria toxin. | to assess the performance of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) when used to screen rapidly large numbers of corynebacteria for toxin production; and to determine the incidence of false positive pcr results with non-toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae isolates. | 1994 | 8027375 |
| [corynebacterium diphtheriae septicemia causing bone marrow disease]. | 1994 | 8022731 | |
| [isolation of a toxic strain of corynebacterium diphtheriae]. | 1994 | 8019819 | |
| [the relationship of the intensity of antibody formation to the causative agents of diphtheria and tetanus to genetic markers in children vaccinated with adsorbed dpt]. | the examination of 99 children immunized with adsorbed dpt vaccine revealed that the intensity of immune response to the diphtheria and tetanus components of the preparation were linked with a number of genetic markers (respectively, hla-a9, b35, etc.; hla-a25, b8, etc.) and their combinations. the groups of children with high and low sensitivity include an elevated number of persons with the corresponding titers of antibodies of other specificity. the results obtained in this study should be co ... | 1994 | 8017136 |
| prevalence of diphtheria and tetanus antibodies in young adults in delhi. | a total of 574 blood samples collected mainly from adult males, on a random basis, were tested for diphtheria and tetanus antibodies by indirect haemagglutination (iha) test to find out the percentage of individuals with protective titres (> or = 0.015 iu/ml). a total of 502 (87.5 per cent) and 437 (76.2 per cent) of these had protective titres against diphtheria and tetanus respectively. the vaccination status of these subjects against diphtheria and tetanus was not ascertainable. the relevance ... | 1993 | 8014436 |
| corynebacterium diphtheriae endocarditis in an adult with congenital heart disease: a case report. | a rare case of septicaemia and endocarditis due to corynebacterium diphtheriae is presented. the patient had underlying congenital heart disease and died despite high-dose penicillin therapy. the implications for diagnosis and identification and some public health issues brought to the fore by the case are discussed. | 1994 | 8007061 |
| [endocarditis due to corynebacterium diphtheriae cause by contact with intravenous drugs: report of 5 cases]. | the clinical features of 5 patients with invasive disease due to nontoxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae are presented. 4 patients had proven left sided endocarditis, and one had probable endocarditis of the mitral valve. 4 patients were intravenous drug abusers, and one had a girl friend who was also an iv-drug abuser. only one patient had antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus. 2 patients with endocarditis of the mitral or the aortic valve, and one patient with endocarditis of a pros ... | 1994 | 7997860 |
| [sorbed animal immunoglobulins--a reserve for increasing the output of therapeutic antitoxic and diagnostic sera]. | conditions for the desorption of immunoglobulins from the surface of blood cells of animals used for the production of antitoxic therapeutic and diagnostic sera have been established. the possibility of obtaining, in principle, additional amounts of immunoglobulins and specific antibodies (in comparison with their initial content in sera) without increasing the number of producer animals has been demonstrated. the possibility of using desorbed immunoglobulins and specific antibodies in the produ ... | 1994 | 7992550 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray studies of the diphtheria tox repressor from corynebacterium diphtheriae. | crystals of the diphtheria tox repressor (dtxr) from corynebacterium diphtheriae suitable for structure determination have been obtained. dtxr activated with transition metal ions represses the expression of the structural gene for the diphtheria toxin, tox, which is encoded on the genome of a family of closely related corynebacteriophages. the space group of the obtained crystals is trigonal p3(1)21 or its enantiomorph p3(2)21 with a = b = 64.2 a, c = 220.5 a, alpha = beta = 90 degrees, gamma = ... | 1994 | 7990147 |
| [the level of antidiphtheria and antitetanus immunity in the population of 18 counties of southern romania and of the city of bucharest]. | 1994 | 7981528 | |
| [laboratory diagnosis of diphtheria]. | 1994 | 7953125 | |
| determination of the minimal essential nucleotide sequence for diphtheria tox repressor binding by in vitro affinity selection. | the expression of diphtheria toxin in lysogenic toxigenic strains of corynebacterium diphtheriae is controlled by the heavy metal ion-activated regulatory protein dtxr. in the presence of divalent heavy metal ions, dtxr specifically binds to the diphtheria tox operator and protects a 27-bp interrupted palindromic sequence from dnase i digestion. to determine the consensus dna sequence for dtxr binding, we have used gel electrophoresis mobility-shift assay and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) ampl ... | 1994 | 7937822 |
| [detection by molecular biology techniques of diphtheria toxin production in corynebacteria]. | the ability to secrete a potent protein-toxin called diphtheria toxin (dt) is of outstanding importance for the outcome of diphtheria epidemics. rapid molecular-biological screening methods are shown that can improve the differentiation between toxinogenic and non-toxinogenic corynebacterium diphtheriae strains. the recently reported infection with an endemic, putative toxinogenic corynebacterium diphtheriae strain in lower saxony is discussed. | 1994 | 7919700 |
| molecular evidence of person-to-person transmission of a pigmented strain of corynebacterium striatum in intensive care units. | during a 14-month period, a unique strain of corynebacterium striatum that produces a diffusible brown pigment was isolated from purulent sputa of nine patients and from nonrespiratory sites of two additional patients. seven nonpigmented clinical isolates from the same period and three reference strains of c. striatum were compared with the brown isolates. most patients had multiple sputum cultures with no coryneforms before the brown strain emerged, suggesting that the organism was hospital acq ... | 1994 | 7907342 |
| [a familial case of diphtheria of the skin]. | 1994 | 7900013 | |
| [non-toxic corynebacterium diphtheriae septicemia with endocarditis in an earlier healthy adult. first case and review of the literature]. | corynebacterium diphtheriae septicaemia is rarely encountered, usually in very particular situations: children with severe congenital heart disease or after heart surgery. rare cases have been reported in immunodepressed adults or drug addicts. we observed a case in a formerly healthy 41-year-old woman who was hospitalized for fever unresponsive to bacampicillin. in this patient, no portal of entry could be identified; there was no history of past surgery nor drug abuse. the patient was not immu ... | 1994 | 7899317 |
| [the characteristics of the immune response in children having different hla phenotypes after the first revaccination with adtp]. | 1994 | 7879562 | |
| interchangeability of conjugated haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines in infants. | to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of two haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) conjugate vaccines when administered in serial combination. these vaccines consisted of hib capsular polysaccharide polyribosyl-ribitol phosphate (prp) conjugated to the meningococcal outer membrane protein (omp) complex (prp-omp) and h influenzae oligosaccharide conjugated to a mutant toxin (crm197) isolated from corynebacterium diphtheriae (hboc). | 1995 | 7869554 |
| [corynebacterium diphtheriae endocarditis complicated by arthritis and cerebral abscess]. | 1994 | 7864526 | |
| the superoxide dismutase gene, a target for detection and identification of mycobacteria by pcr. | the superoxide dismutase gene has been identified as a target in screening for the presence of mycobacteria on the genus level and differentiating relevant mycobacterial species from one another by pcr. consensus primers deduced from known superoxide dismutase gene sequences allowed the amplification of dnas from a variety of bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. selected amplicons from actinomyces viscosus, corynebacterium diphtheriae, corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum, mycobacterium avium, m. fort ... | 1994 | 7852575 |
| effect of neonatal immunization with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids on antibody responses to haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines. | we randomly assigned 150 newborn infants to receive diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (dt) or hib oligosaccharide conjugate (hboc) at birth to determine whether exposure to the haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) conjugate vaccines' carrier proteins would enhance immune responses to subsequent administrations of hboc or prp-tetanus toxoid conjugate (prp-t) at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. their antibody responses were compared with those of 100 children immunized with hboc or prp-t beginning at 2 mont ... | 1995 | 7844665 |
| [macrolides. new therapeutic prospects]. | the aim of the development of semisynthetic derivatives was to overcome the problem of chemical stability of erythromycin a in acid medium, with less variability in gastro-intestinal absorption and leading to renewed interest in macrolides. the new macrolides have the same antibacterial spectrum as erythromycin a including gram-positive and gram-negative cocci, intracellular bacteria, mycoplasma, campylobacter sp., helicobacter pylori, mycobacteria spp., gram-negative bacilli including haemophil ... | 1994 | 7831266 |
| iron, dtxr, and the regulation of diphtheria toxin expression. | in recent years considerable advances have been made in the understanding of the molecular basis of iron-mediated regulation of diphtheria toxin expression. the tox gene has been shown to be regulated by the heavy metal ion-activated regulatory element dtxr. in the presence of divalent heavy metal ions, dtxr becomes activated and binds to a 9 bp interrupted palindromic sequence. the consensus-binding site has been determined by both the sequence analysis of dtxr-responsive operators cloned from ... | 1994 | 7830565 |
| molecular cloning, dna sequence analysis, and characterization of the corynebacterium diphtheriae dtxr homolog from brevibacterium lactofermentum. | a homolog of the corynebacterium diphtheriae dtxr gene was isolated from brevibacterium lactofermentum. the product of the b. lactofermentum dtxr gene was immunoreactive with polyclonal anti-dtxr antibodies and functioned as an iron-activated repressor capable of regulating the expression of beta-galactosidase from a diphtheria tox promoter/operator transcriptional fusion in recombinant escherichia coli. the extents of induction by increasing concentrations of the chelator 2,2'-dipyridyl were id ... | 1995 | 7814338 |
| definition of minimum standards for immunogenicity--potential problems of serological correlates--possible interference. serological correlates for diphtheria-tetanus-whole cell pertussis vaccines. | 1994 | 7779366 | |
| combination of dtp and haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines can affect laboratory evaluation of potency and immunogenicity. | a commonly used diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (whole-cell) vaccine was combined with each of three different haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) capsular polysaccharide vaccines. each hib vaccine incorporated one of three different protein conjugates: tetanus toxoid, diphtheria crm197 toxoid or group b neisseria meningitidis outer membrane vesicles. the effects of these combinations on the subsequent laboratory control testing were examined. the addition of the hib vaccines had no significant eff ... | 1994 | 7779360 |
| [the adsorbed-dtp-m vaccination of children with allergically altered reactivity]. | immunization and booster immunization with adsorbed dpt-m vaccine was carried out, respectively, in 45 and 15 children with different severity of the course of an allergic disease, each child receiving simultaneously individually prescribed complex drug therapy. the postvaccinal period took a relatively favorable course. general and allergic reactions and complications observed after the injection of the preparation did not hinder the continuation of the course of immunization, while the appeara ... | 1995 | 7778374 |
| cloning of a corynebacterium diphtheriae iron-repressible gene that shares sequence homology with the ahpc subunit of alkyl hydroperoxide reductase of salmonella typhimurium. | to understand how corynebacterium diphtheriae responds to iron limitation, we compared the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) protein profiles of both wild-type cells and iron uptake mutants grown in either high- or low-iron medium. the removal of iron by ethylene diamine di-(o-hydroxy-phenyl acetic acid) from the growth medium of wild-type cells resulted in induction of at least 14 polypeptides. dira, a major iron-repressible polypeptide, was purified from wild ... | 1995 | 7768861 |
| high-yield production of diphtheria toxin mutants by high-density culture of c7 (beta)tox+ strains grown in a non-deferrated medium. | a high-density growth approach was utilized to produce mutated diphtheria toxin from two strains of corynebacterium diphtheria: c7 (beta)(tox-201,tox-9) and c7 (beta)(tox-107). the cross-reacting mutants (crm) of the diphtheria toxin are crm9 and crm107; both of them carry the mutation in their binding site and, as a result, have 1/300 of the systemic toxicity of the wild-type diphtheria toxin. since iron inhibits diphtheria toxin production, the traditional approach has been to grow the bacteri ... | 1995 | 7766139 |
| [method of immunoenzyme analysis in the diagnosis of diphtheria]. | enzyme immunoassay (eia) was used for the diagnosis of diphtheria. the data indicate the specificity and reliability of the method and prove the necessity of its use for the diagnosis of diphtheria and with prophylactic purposes in screening of certain populations. | 1995 | 7757365 |
| three-dimensional structure of the diphtheria toxin repressor in complex with divalent cation co-repressors. | when corynebacterium diphtheriae encounters an environment with a low concentration of iron ions, it initiates the synthesis of several virulence factors, including diphtheria toxin. the diphtheria toxin repressor (dtxr) plays a key role in this iron-dependent, global regulatory system and is the prototype for a new family of iron-dependent repressor proteins in gram-positive bacteria. this study aimed to increase understanding of the general regulatory principles of cation binding to dtxr. | 1995 | 7743135 |
| [use of a dna-dna hybridization method for studying corynebacterium diphtheriae strains]. | in addition to traditional tests, a battery of dna probes was used to characterize 134 toxigenic and 125 nontoxigenic c.diphtheriae strains isolated in russia in 1986-1989. 2.5% of nontoxigenic strains carried the determinants of both toxin subunits a and b, and 20% possessed at least a fragment of the gene determining toxin synthesis. optimal conditions of hybridization technology were found. the method may be used as an alternative to traditional techniques in diagnostic studies and screenings ... | 1994 | 7739593 |
| the in-vitro susceptibilities of toxigenic strains of corynebacterium diphtheriae isolated in northwestern russia and surrounding areas to ten antibiotics. | the in-vitro activities of ten antibiotics against 83 toxigenic strains of corynebacterium diphtheriae recently isolated in northwestern russia and surrounding areas were determined by an agar dilution method. all of the strains were susceptible to erythromycin, penicillin, ampicillin, cefuroxime, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and tetracycline. trimethoprim and rifampicin were each active against 81 isolates, the two strains resistant to the latter agent having been isolated from tw ... | 1994 | 7730218 |
| taxonomy of corynebacterium diphtheriae and related taxa, with recognition of corynebacterium ulcerans sp. nov. nom. rev. | levels of genomic dna relatedness were determined using a s1 nuclease procedure for reference bacteria identified as biotypes of corynebacterium diphtheriae, biovars of corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, and 'corynebacterium ulcerans'. these results showed that the three species are separate taxa at the genomospecies level whereas biotypes and biovars are closely related genomically within each species. phylogenetic analyses of small-subunit rdna sequences revealed that 'corynebacterium ulceran ... | 1995 | 7729671 |
| effect of malnutrition in ecuadorian children on titers of serum antibodies to various microbial antigens. | the titers of serum antibodies to natural infection with enteric and respiratory pathogens, to a food antigen and to tetanus and diphtheria toxoid were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 1,554 ecuadorian children younger than 5 years of age. the nutritional status of the children was assessed by anthropometry and measurement of biochemical status indicators. the children were enrolled in a representative national nutrition and health survey. antibody titers were analyzed as a func ... | 1995 | 7719915 |
| are we ready for diphtheria? a report from the diphtheria diagnostic workshop, atlanta, 11 and 12 july 1994. | 1995 | 7706801 | |
| [the effect of toxic substances from diphtheria corynebacteria on human platelet aggregation]. | 1994 | 7703459 | |
| diphtheria in the united kingdom--two recent incidents. | 1993 | 7691357 | |
| a diphtheria epidemic in lesotho, 1989. did vaccination increase the population's susceptibility? | we report a diphtheria outbreak which occurred in the 1st 6 months of 1989 in the quthing district of lesotho in southern africa. sixty-eight clinical cases were identified in patients with ages ranging from 14 months to 51 years. the 10-15-year age group represented 38% of the cases and the 15-20-year age group another 26%. age-adjusted incidence rates were higher in patients aged between 15 and 35 than in those aged 0-15 years (p < 0.001). the overall case fatality rate was 23%. most deaths oc ... | 1993 | 7681640 |
| [diphtheria in poland. epidemiologic situation of diphtheria in poland before 1992]. | 1995 | 7676054 | |
| cerebral infarction in a case of diphtheria. | 1995 | 7673755 | |
| farnesylation of caax-tagged diphtheria toxin a-fragment as a measure of transfer to the cytosol. | diphtheria toxin binds to receptor-positive cells through its b-fragment, the toxin is then endocytosed, and the low ph in endosomes triggers the translocation of the enzymatically active a-fragment to the cytosol. a synchronous release of a-fragments into the cytosol can be induced by exposing cells with surface-bound toxin to low ph. we have used this protein translocation system to develop a novel method to study whether or not a protein is exposed to the cytosol. protein farnesylation is a c ... | 1995 | 7669773 |
| cutaneous diphtheria in a homeless man. | 1995 | 7651047 | |
| [corynebacterium diphtheriae endocarditis complicated by septic arthritis and cerebral abscess]. | the authors report a rare case of the mitis type corynebacterium diphteriae endocarditis on a prosthetic valve complicated by septic arthritis and cerebral abscess. the authors underline the importance of regular transoesophageal echocardiographic control and underline the diagnostic value of ultrafast computed tomography for the diagnosis of aortic annular and interventricular septal abscesses in patients with mechanical prosthetic valves. | 1995 | 7646303 |
| corynebacterium diphtheriae osteomyelitis in an immunocompetent child: a case report. | septic osteomyelitis of the hip in a previously healthy child is described. a weakly toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae strain was isolated from the bone aspirate. the results of the treatment were rapidly satisfactory, after surgical drainage and antibiotic therapy with pristinamycin. conclusion: this case report shows that c. diphtheriae has not disappeared in the developed world and can be responsible of systemic infections. | 1995 | 7641771 |
| transition metal ion activation of dna binding by the diphtheria tox repressor requires the formation of stable homodimers. | the diphtheria tox repressor (dtxr) is a transition metal ion-dependent regulatory element that controls the expression of diphtheria toxin and several genes involved in the synthesis of siderophores in corynebacterium diphtheriae. in the presence of transition metal ions apo-dtxr becomes activated and specifically binds to its target dna sequences. we demonstrate by glutaraldehyde cross-linking that monomeric apo-dtxr is in weak equilibrium with a dimeric form and that upon addition of activati ... | 1995 | 7624323 |
| [immunity to diphtheria in young adults in spain]. | 1995 | 7623498 | |
| molecular epidemiology of corynebacterium diphtheriae from northwestern russia and surrounding countries studied by using ribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | a selection of 100 corynebacterium diphtheriae isolates from asymptomatic carriers and clinical cases from five regions in northwestern russia were examined. six additional isolates from patients in finland and estonia with epidemiological links to russia were also examined. all isolates were characterized by biotyping, toxigenicity testing, ribotyping, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). hybridization of genomic dna digested with bsteii revealed five ribotype patterns among the biotype ... | 1995 | 7615709 |
| polymerase chain reaction for the detection of toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae. | several conventional methods have been described for the detection of corynebacterium diphtheriae toxin, including elek immunodiffusion, tissue culture using vero cells and guinea pig inoculation. all these methods have the disadvantage of being either slow to complete or technically demanding, particularly when performed infrequently. we examined 64 strains of c. diphtheriae by pcr and elek immunodiffusion, and strains showing a positive result in either assay were inoculated into guinea pigs. ... | 1995 | 7603758 |
| characterization of an iron-dependent regulatory protein (ider) of mycobacterium tuberculosis as a functional homolog of the diphtheria toxin repressor (dtxr) from corynebacterium diphtheriae. | the dtxr protein from corynebacterium diphtheriae is an iron-dependent repressor that regulates transcription from the tox, irp1, and irp2 promoters. a gene from virulent mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv was recently shown to encode a protein, here designated iron-dependent regulator (ider), that is almost 60% homologous to dtxr from c. diphtheriae. a 750-bp pcr-derived dna fragment carrying the m. tuberculosis ider allele was subcloned to both high- and low-copy-number vectors. in escherichia c ... | 1995 | 7591059 |
| [seroepidemiological surveillance and methodological study of pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus]. | in this paper, we studied the diagnostic method of dpt using pa method developed by japanese national institute of health (nih) in 1993-1994, meanwhile we surveyed the antibody level of dpt. we collected 900 sera samples and 300 sera samples from hebei province in 1993 and 1994. the result showed that pa method was simple, reliable and easy to observe, which can make up the shortages existed in pha method. the antitoxin titers obtained by the pa method correlated well with the pha method, while ... | 1995 | 7585903 |
| diphtheria disaster relief. | 1995 | 7585198 | |
| a simple "universal" dna extraction procedure using sds and proteinase k is compatible with direct pcr amplification. | 1995 | 7580932 | |
| the erythromycin resistance gene of the corynebacterium xerosis r-plasmid ptp10 also carrying chloramphenicol, kanamycin, and tetracycline resistances is capable of transposition in corynebacterium glutamicum. | the clinical isolate corynebacterium xerosis m82b carries the 50-kb r-plasmid ptp10 that confers resistance to the antibiotics chloramphenicol, kanamycin, erythromycin, and tetracycline. a detailed restriction map of ptp10 was constructed by cloning and analyzing restriction fragments of ptp10 in escherichia coli. the resistance determinants of ptp10 were located by studying the phenotype of the recombinant plasmids in e. coli and corynebacterium glutamicum. restriction patterns of fragments enc ... | 1995 | 7568464 |
| structures of the apo- and the metal ion-activated forms of the diphtheria tox repressor from corynebacterium diphtheriae. | the diphtheria tox repressor (dtxr) of corynebacterium diphtheriae plays a critical role in the regulation of diphtheria toxin expression and the control of other iron-sensitive genes. the crystal structures of apo-dtxr and of the metal ion-activated form of the repressor have been solved and used to identify motifs involved in dna and metal ion binding. residues involved in binding of the activated repressor to the diphtheria tox operator, glutamine 43, arginine 47, and arginine 50, were locate ... | 1995 | 7568230 |
| [endocarditis caused by corynebacterium diphtheriae tolerant to amoxicillin]. | 1995 | 7567828 | |
| the return of corynebacterium diphtheriae: the rise of non-toxigenic strains. | with the decline in incidence of diphtheria in europe and the usa, many laboratories no longer routinely culture throat swabs for corynebacterium diphtheriae. however, there is an outbreak of infection with toxigenic strains in russia and most adults do not have protective levels of antibody. non-toxigenic strains are known to cause local disease and lysogenic conversion probably occurs in vivo as well as in vitro. non-toxigenic c. diphtheriae var. gravis, formerly quite rare, has been isolated ... | 1995 | 7560966 |
| treatment of infection caused by toxigenic and non-toxigenic strains of corynebacterium diphtheriae. | 1995 | 7559184 | |
| [is extensive diphtheria vaccination necessary?]. | 1994 | 7555743 | |
| expanded programme on immunization. diphtheria immunity in the adult french population. | 1995 | 7547210 | |
| in vitro comparison of the effectiveness of three surface disinfectants. | choosing a general purpose surface disinfectant for the dental office environment is difficult because of the wide range of products available, varying claims by manufacturers and contradictory reports in the literature regarding product efficacy. this study tested the antimicrobial effectiveness of diluted-for-use o-phenyl-phenol (omni), didecyl dimethyl ammonium (basic g) and isopropanol (virahol). products were tested for antimicrobial activity at 0, 12 and 24 hours, 3, 6 and 8 days. o-phenyl ... | 1994 | 7523623 |
| a randomized controlled trial of two acellular pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus vaccines in primary immunization in ghana: antibody responses and adverse reactions. | two acellular pertussis vaccines combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (apdt vaccines) were compared with a whole cell pdt (wcpdt) vaccine in primary immunization in ghana. one is a liquid vaccine which is used for general immunization in japan and the other is a freeze-dried vaccine newly developed as a heat-stable vaccine. eighty-nine infants were recruited in the study. sixty-eight who completed three doses of the immunization were assessed for immunological responses. twenty-one dropp ... | 1994 | 7521636 |